No.

of Printed Pages : 4 I MCSE-003 I

MCA (Revised)
Term-End Examination
06793 June, 2015
MCSE-003 : ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND
KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT

Time : 3 hours Maximum Marks : 100

Note : Question number 1' is compulsory. Attempt any

three questions from the rest.

1. (a) What is Turing test ? What are the

objections to the Turing test ?
(b) If the propositions are as follows :
P : He needs a doctor S : He is sick
Q : He needs a lawyer U : He is injured
R : He has an accident
Represent the following formulae in
English :
(i) (S P) A (R —> Q)
(ii) P (S v U)
(c) What are Agents in A.I. ? Briefly discuss
the properties possessed by Agents. 5
(d) Develop the knowledge base in PROLOG,
to identify the following relations : 5
(i) BROTHER
(ii) GRANDFATHER
MCSE-003 1 P.T.O.
 (e) Verify whether the knowledge base given
below is complete or not : 5
(i) P(a)
(ii) P(b)
(iii) P(a) —> Q(a)
(f) Determine whether each of the following
sentences are satisfactory, contradictory or
valid : 5
(i) (— A —> B)
(ii) G : ((A —> B) A (A v B))
(g) Translate the following statements into
clausal form : 4
Al : if X is on top of Y, Y supports X.
A2 : if X is above Y, and they are touching
each other, X is on top of Y.
A3 : A cup is above a book.
A4 : A cup is touching a book.
(h) Briefly discuss the 'Script' as a knowledge
representation technique. 6

2. (a) Skolomize the following : 6

(3x1 ) (3x2) (Vy1 ) (Vy2) (3x3) (Vy3)

P(X1 , X2, X3 , Y1, Y2, Y3)

(b) Transform the following FOPL formula to
Prenex Normal Form : 6
(Vs) (Vy) ((3 s) Q(x, y, z) A ((3u) R(x, u) —> (3 v) R(y, v)))

(c) Use Resolution method to solve the

following logic problem : 8
(i) Some patients like all doctors.
(ii) No patient likes any quake.
(iii) Therefore, no doctor is quake.

MCSE-003 2
3. (a) Use Resolution Refutation mechanism to
deduce "GOD IS LOVED BY EVERYONE",
the knowledge given to the system is as
follows : 10
(i) Assume God is loved by everyone who
loves someone.
(ii) Also assume that no one loves nobody.

(b) Explain how the PROLOG system may

respond to the following query : 5

(i) ? — member (pascal, [prolog, fortran,

cobol])

(ii) ? — member (X, [X I — ]) : — !

(iii) ? — member (X, [— I Y ]) : — member (X, Y)

(c) Define your own function LEN in LISP

that returns the number of top-most
elements in a given list say L.

4. (a) Briefly discuss the CUT and FAIL

mechanism used in PROLOG. Use the CUT
mechanism to write a program to find the
factorial of a number. 7
(b) What are Rule based systems ? Briefly
discuss the advantages and disadvantages
of rule based systems. 6
(c) How does Knowledge acquisition
subsystem differ from Explanation
subsystem ? Give example of each category
of subsystem. 7
MCSE-003 3 P.T.O.
5. (a) What are Closed World Assumptions ?
What is the requirement of having such
assumptions ?

(b) Write the propositional syntax of the

following inference rules :

(i) Syllogism

(ii) Dilemma

(iii) Modus Ponens

(c) Briefly mention some characteristics of any

two of the following :
(i) MYCIN

(ii) COMPASS

(iii) EMYCIN

MCSE-003 4 8,000
 No. of Printed Pages : 4 I MCSE-003 I

MCA (Revised)
Term-End Examination
December, 2011
MCSE-003 : ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND
KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT
CN1
0 Time : 3 hours Maximum Marks : 100
Note : Question number 1 is compulsory. Attempt any three
questions from the rest.

1. (a) Express the following statement in 5

propositional logic :
(i) If he campaigns hard, he will be
elected
(ii) If the humidity is high, it will rain
either today or tomorrow.
(iii) Cancer will not be cured unless its
cause is determined and a new drug
for cancer is found.
(iv) It requires courage and skills to climb
a mountain.
(v) The Sun rises in the west.
(b) Derive DNF for the Expression given as 5
follows :
—(P--> (— Q n R))

MCSE-003 1 P.T.O.
 (c) Construct the truth table for the formula 5
P : (—A v B) n (—(A A —B))
(d) Draw the Semantic Network of the 5
following sentence:
Kavita gives a book to her friend.
(e) What do you mean by learning ? Explain 5
briefly learning methods.
(f) Discuss the advantages and disadvantages 5
of Rule based system.
(g) Write a LISP Program to find a maximum 5
of 3 numbers.
(h) Explain Modus Tollens and Modus Ponens. 5

2. (a) Transform the (—A A B) v (A A —B) into 5

Conjunctive Normal forms.
(b) Write short notes on following : 8
(i) A+ Algorithm
(ii) Mean - End Analysis
(c) Write the minimax algorithm for game tree 7
searching. Perform the algorithm on the
following tree.
A

c
D E F G 4
3 5^

K L

" 8
0 7

MCSE-003 2


3. (a) What do you mean by Artificial Intelligence ? 8

Mention some of the characteristics of
Intelligence. Also mention some of the
taskes which Require intelligence.
(b) Transform the formula : 4

( V x) P(x) (3x) Q(x) into Prenex normal

form.
(c) In artificial intelligence what do you mean 5
by Agents. What is the role of Agents in
artificial intelligence ? Briefly Discuss
properties of agents.
(d) What is the Resolution of (—P v Q) and 3
(—Q v R) ?

4. (a) Write a prolog program to split a list of 8

Numbers into two lists : Positives including
Zero and Negatives.
i.e. Split (Numbers, + ves, — ves)
e.g. Split ([3,0,-9,2,-3], [3,0,2,], [-9,-3])
Discuss the architecture of expert system
and explain briefly its
(b) Various components. 7
(c) What are advantages of using 'cut' in a 2
Prolog Program ?
(d) Determine whether the following formulas 3
are unifiable' or Not : Q (f(a), g (x))

MCSE-003 3 P.T.O.
5. (a) Let A and B be two fuzzy sets given by 6
following :

A = (x1 , 0.2), (x2 , 0.5), (x3 , 0.6))

B = {(x 1 , 0.1), (x2 , 0.4), (x3 , 0.5)) find

(A — B) 2.

(b) Show the conceptual dependency 4

representation of the following sentence :

John wanted Mary to go to the store.

(c) What are the guidelines to choose whether 6
a problem is appropriate for Expert system
solutions ?

(d) Explain the procedure of knowledge 4

Acquisition with the help of a diagram.

MCSE-003 4
 No. of Printed Pages : 2 MCSE-003
MCA (Revised)
Term-End Examination
O December, 2012
7t.
MCSE-003 : ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND
KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT
Time : 3 hours Maximum Marks : 100
Note : Question number 1 is compulsory. Attempt any three
from remaing four questions.

1. Answer any five of the following questions

briefly : 5x8=40
(a) What are the general characteristics of AI
techniques ?
(b) What are the limitations of First Order Logic
for knowledge representation ?
(c) What is the difference between declarative
and procedural knowledge ? Give example.
(d) Explain the advantages of Skolem form
with example.
(e) What is non-monotonic reasoning ? Explain
with the help of example.
(f) What do you mean by resolution by
refutation ? Give example.
(g) Differentiate between forward and
backward reasoning.
(h) What is Knowledge Acquisition ? Explain
with example.

MCSE-003 1 P.T.O.
2. (a) Represent the following facts in predicate 10
logic (WFF) :
(i) Bhaskar was a physician.
(ii) All physicians were Indian.
(iii) Ashoka was a ruler.
(iv) All Indians were either loyal to
Ashoka or hated him.
(v) Every one is loyal to some one.
(b) What do you mean by Resolution by 10
Refutation ? Based on the above facts, use
resolution to answer "Whether Bhaskar
was loyal to Ashoka".
3. Discuss the following search techniques : 4x5=20
(a) Depth First Search
(b) Breadth First Search
(c) A* Algorithm
(d) AO* Algorithm
4. (a) Write a LISP function to evaluate factorial 10
using recursion.
(b) What is Property List in LISP? How it is 5
implemented? Explain with suitable
examples.
(c) What is the importance of CUT predicate 5
in PROLOG? Explain with suitable example.
5. (a) What is an Expert System ? What are its 15
advantages and limitations ? Briefly discuss
the architecture of an Expert System.
(b) What are Expert System Shells ? Briefly 5
explain.

MCSE-003 2
No. of Printed Pages : 4 MCSE-003
MCA (Revised)
Term-End Examination
December, 2013

MCSE-003 : ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND

KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT
Time : 3 hours Maximum Marks : 100
Note : Question number 1 is compulsory. Attempt any three
questions from the rest.

1. (a) Transform the following into Disjunctive 5

Normal Form (DNF) :
(P-->(-(Q--->R)))
(b) What will be the output of the function 5
given below, when a list L is passed as an
argument say, L= (a b c d ). Write the
intermediate results of each step, while
calculating the result.
(defun TRY (L)
(cond
( (null L) 0)
(t (+1(TRY(cdr L) ) ) )

MCSE-003 1 P.T.O.
 (c) Represent the following sentence as a 5
conceptual graph "cow has four legs and
eats grass".
(d) Write a recursive program in PROLOG, to 5
find factorial of a number.
(e) Transform the following formula to Prenex 5
Normal form :
(3x) (—(3y) Q (x, y) --> (%) R (z) S (x)))
(f) Briefly Discuss, the Chinese Room Test along 5
with its significance
(g) Convert the following WFF in to a set of 5
clauses :
VX Py Man (y) A bite (x, y) -+ dog (x))
(h) How Agents are different from Intelligent 5
Agents ? Briefly discuss the role and utility
of Agents in Artificial Intelligence.

2. (a) How is inferencing used in deriving 10

conclusions from the facts ? Differentiate
between forward chaining and Backward
chaining. On what factors does the decision
to choose forward or backward chaining
depend ?
(b) Enumerate the Various Knowledge 10
representation schemes. Give brief
description of each scheme. Identify
advantages of representation scheme over
the other.

MCSE-003 2
3. (a) Write short notes on the following : 10

(i) Mean-End Analysis

(ii) A* Algorithm

(b) Briefly describe the And-OR graph. How 5

does it contribute to search and control
strategy of an expert system ?

(c) Explain any two of the following logic 5

concepts, using suitable examples :

(i) Modus ponens

(ii) Valid statement

(iii) Unification principle in proposition

logic

Briefly discuss Data types and structures in 5

Prolog.

Briefly discuss "Closed World Assumption 5

systems" as a mechanism of handling in
completeness of a knowledge base.

(c) What is the Turing Test ? If the machine 10

passes the Turing Test, does it mean that
the system is intelligent ? What are the
associated problems with Turing Test ?
What are required improvement / advances
to over come these problems ?

MCSE-003 3 P.T.O.
5. (a) Compare and Contrast the following fair of 10
terms :
(i) Monotonic and Non-Monotonic
Reasoning
(ii) Predicate and Propositional logic
(iii) Frames and Scripts
(iv) DFS and Heuristic Search
(v) BFS and D-Search
(b) Write BFS algorithm and use it, to search 10
the Goal node in the tree given below :

0
0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0

MCSE-003 4
 704

No. of Printed Pages : 4 MCSE-003

MCA (Revised)
Term-End Examination
December, 2014
MCSE-003 : ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND
KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT

Time : 3 hours Maximum Marks : 100

Note : Question number 1 is compulsory. Answer any

three questions from the rest.

1. (a) In context of the objections to the Turing

Test, briefly discuss the Chinese Room
Test. 5

(b) If the propositions are described as

follows : 5
P : He needs a doctor S : He is Sick
Q : He needs a lawyer U : He is injured
R : He has an accident
Then represent the following formulas in
English :
(i) (P n Q) —> R
(ii) (P n Q) <4 (S n U)
(c) Describe 'Means-End Analysis' as a
problem solving technique. 5
(d) Write a recursive program in LISP to find
factorial of a number given by the user. 5
MCSE-003 1 P.T.O.
 (e) Determine Concentration and
Normalization of a Fuzzy set A 5
where, A = {Mohan10.5, Sohan10-9,
John 10.7, Abdul 10, Abrahim10.2}
(f) Obtain CNF for the following formula :
-(A-->(-BAC)).
(g) Write Well Formed Formula (WFF) for the
following statements :
(i) Every person has a father.
(ii) There is a man and he is the father of
Ram.
(h) Draw a Semantic Network for "ALBERT
STRUCK LUCY IN THE GARDEN WITH
A SHARP KNIFE, LAST MONTH".

2. (a) For each of the following closed formulas,

prove the following (without using Truth
tables) :
(i) (V) P(x) n (ay) P(y) is inconsistent.
(ii) (Vs) P(x) --> (ay) (P(y) is valid.
(b) Transform the following formulas into
Prenex Normal Form :
(i) (Vs) (Q(x) —> (3s) R(x, y))
(ii) (3s) (-(3y) Q(x, y) —> ((3.) R(z) S(x)))
(c) Name the form, to which the FOPL is
finally transformed, such that it can be
used for solving a problem with the
Resolution method. Write the steps to
bring FOPL to the form that can be used
for resolution.
MCSE-003 2
3. (a) Symbolize and construct a proof for the
following valid arguments, using rules of
inference :
(i) If you smoke or drink too much, then
you do not sleep well, and if you do
not sleep well or do not eat well, then
you feel down.
(ii) If you feel down, you do not excrcise
well and do not study enough.
(b) Explain the sequence of steps of evaluation
of the following LISP expression :
(length (append (setq x '(ab)) '(cd) (reverse
(sublist x '(st) '(uvx))))) 6
(c) Write a Prolog Program that adds an
element X to a given set L. 6

4. (a) What are S-Expressions in LISP ? Draw

tree structure to classify the various
categories of S-Expressions. Evaluate the
following S-Expressions : 7
(i) (+ (setq x 7) (setq y 3))
(ii) (+ (* 2 3 4) (— 89) (truncate (15 7) ) )
(b) What are Expert Systems ? Briefly discuss
the various categories of software tools,
used for the development of expert
systems.
(c) What are Rational Agents ? What are the
various factors on which the rationality of
an agent depends ?

MCSE-003 3 P.T.O.
5. Compare and contrast any four pairs from the
following : 4x5=20
(i) Associative Networks and Conceptual
Graphs
(ii) Predicate Logic and Propositional Logic
(iii) Frames and Scripts
(iv) Abductive Inference and Analogical
Inference
(v) Resolution and Unification
(vi) MYCIN and EMYCIN

MCSE-003 4 10,000
 No. of Printed Pages : 4 MCSE-003

MCA (Revised)
cN1
Term-End Examination
June, 2011
MCSE-003 : ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND
KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT
Time : 3 hours Maximum Marks : 100
Note : Question number 1 is compulsory. Attempt any 3
questions from the rest.

1. (a) Write FOPL statement for the conceptual 5

graph given below
[PERSON : Ram] 4-- (AGENT).—[EATS]—■
(OBJECT)

(INSTRUMENT CUTLERRY)--■
4—[FOOD : DOSA]

(b) Use BFS to search for Goal node in the 5

following tree, also write algorithm's
progression systematically.

MCSE-003 1 P.T.O.
 (c) How does informed search differs from 5
uninformed search ? Classify the algorithm
which lies in these two categories and give
appropriate examples.
(d) Prove (p -> q) A (- r - -q)A r p is a 5
tautology, without using truth table.
(e) Write a LISP program to find GCD of two 5
numbers.
(f) Write well form formula (wff) for the 5
following.
(i) God loves every one who loves
someone
(ii) Every person has mother
(g) Find standard form of the following 5
formulas.
(i) 3 x Vy V3V3zuv w p (x, y, z, u, v, w)

(ii) ((Vx ) P (x) -> By Vz Q (y, z))

(h) What do you mean by Non-monotonic 5
reasoning systems ? What are the
constituent components of such system ?
Describe the inter relation between the
components of such system.

2. (a) Obtain CNF and DNF for the following 5

given formula - (A -> (- B A C)) .
(b) Trace the execution of following LISP code 5
and determine the answer when n = y
(defun my func (n)
(If ( =n 1) 1
(+ n (mufunc (- n 1)))))
(c) Compare and contrast following pair of 5
terms :
(i) Hill climbing and BFS
(ii) Conceptual graph and conceptual
dependency
(d) Write a prolog program to find factorial of 5
a number and trace 'it' for Fact (5).

MCSE-003 2
3. (a) Write Demorgan's laws for both predicate 5
and propositional logic ? The laws in these
two domains are identical or inter-related ?
Prove the Demorgan is law of propositional
logic.
(b) Apply the principle of resolution to prove 7
the theorem "Some who are intelligent can
not read", the given knowledge to the
system is as follows :
(i) Who ever can read is literate

(ii) Dolphins are not literate

(iii) Some Dolphins are intelligent
(c) What are Agents in AI ? How Agents work 8
to import intelligence to a system ? Classify
the different type of agents and briefly
discuss their properties.

4. (a) Write A* Algorithm ? How A* algorithm is 8

different from AO* ? Out of the two which
one is better and why ?
(b) In the arena of A.I., how the concept of 3
uncertainty is managed ? What are the
structures, used to manage knowledge
uncertainty.
(c) Differentiate between following pairs : 9

(i) Monotonic and Non-Monotonic

reasoning.
(ii) Associative Networks and Conceptual
graphs
(iii) Forward and Backward chaining

MCSE-003 3 P.T.O.
5. (a) Write short notes on any two of the 5
followings.
(i) S-expressions in LISP
(ii) Lambda functions
(iii) Mapping functions
(b) Write well form formula (wff) for the 5
following.
(i) Nothing beautiful is evil
(ii) For every natural number there is a
number greater than it
(c) What are closed world assumption systems ? 5
What is the requirement of such systems ?
(d) Write propositional syntax of the following 5
inference rules.
(i) Simplification
(ii) Syllogism
(iii) Dilemma
(iv) Modus Ponens
(v) Hypothetical syllogism

MCSE-003 4
 No. of Printed Pages : 4 MCSE-003
t■
- MCA (Revised)
Term-End Examination
O
June, 2012
MCSE-003 : ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND
KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT

Time : 3 hours Maximum Marks : 100

Note : Question number 1 is compulsory.
Attempt any three questions from the rest.

1. Transform the following into disjunctive Normal

forms.
(a) — (A v —B) A (S -> T) 5
(b) Discuss some application areas of Expert 5
system, in brief.
(c) Explain the following rules of Inference of 5
propositional logic :
(i) Modus pones
(ii) Chain rule
(d) Write Prolog statement to establish following 5
relations. You can use suitable predicates
to Express the relations.
(i) X is Brother of Y
(ii) X is Grand Father of Y
(e) Show the conceptual dependency representation 5
of the following sentence.
John wanted Mary to go to the store.

MCSE-003 1 P.T.O.
 (f) Write short Note of DFS 5
(g) Assume the following Facts : 5
If it is not humid then it will rain
If it is humid, then it is hot
It is humid now.
Using the propositional logic Inference,
answer the Question, will it rain ?
(h) Suppose A new operator exor denoted as 5
® has been defined in the following manner :
P Q P exor Q
T T
T F
F T
F F
Create a propositional Calculus Statement
Using v , A and (exor) that is equivalent
to P exor Q.

2. (a) Transform the following into the conjunctive 5

Normal forms :
(—A n B) v (A n B)
(b) Differentiate between Proposition and 5
Predicate logic.
(c) Write a LISP program expo to compute i 5
raise to power j where i and j are natural
numbers.
(d) Differentiate between the Non-Monotonic 5
Reasoning System and Monotonic
Reasoning System.

MCSE-003 2
3. (a) Using Truth Table, Prove the P <->Q is 5
equivalent to (P —>Q) A (Q p).

(b) Write interactive and recursive Prolog 5

Programs to find the sum of a list containing
integer elements.

(c) What is a supervised learning ? Flow is it 5

different from Unsupervised learning ?

(d) Discuss briefly the component of the generic 5

Expert System.

4. (a) Explain a test which can identify whether 8

a machine given to you is intelligent. Is there
any machine which has qualified this "
Intelligence Test". Discuss.

(b) The game nim is played as follows : 8

Two players alternate in removing one, two

or three pennies from a stack initially
containing five pennies. The player who
picks up the last penny loses. Show by
drawing the game graph that the player
who has the second move can always win.
Illustrate the steps clearly.

(c) What is the Role of agents in artificial 4

intelligence ? Briefly discuss properties of
agents.

MCSE-003 3 P.T.O.
5. (a) What do you mean by forward chaining ? 8
Explain with the help of examples taken
from real world. Can you use forward
chaining in ancestor - tree classification.
Why/ why not ?
(b) Create a Semantic Net for the following 6
data :
Tom is a cat.
Tom caught a bird.
Tom is owned by John
Tom is ginger in colour.
Cats like cream.
The cat sat on the mat.
A cat is a mammal.
A bird is an animal.
All mammals are animals.
Mammals have fun.
(c) For the following fuzzysets : 6
A = {a10.5, 146, c1.3, d10, el.a} and
B= a1.3, b1 .7, c1.6, c11.3, 461
Find the fuzzy set AnB,
A U B, and (AnB)'

MCSE-003 4
 No. of Printed Pages : 4 MCSE-003

a MCA (Revised)
Term-End Examination
O'N
June, 2014

MCSE-003 : ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND

KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT
Time : 3 hours Maximum Marks : 100
Note : Question number 1 is compulsory. Attempt any three
questions from the rest.

1. (a) Transform the following into Conjunctive 5

Normal Form (CNF) :
(C —> D) v (CAD)
(b) Determine the output on execution of the 5
function given below, when n = 5. Write the
intermediate results of each step while
calculating the result also.
(defun func (n)
(cond ((zerop n) —1)
(t
(*( — 0 n)
func ( — n 1)))
)))
(c) Give conceptual dependency representation 5
of the sentence given as follows :
"Mohan will eat Dosa from the plate with
fork and knife"
(d) With the help of a suitable example, describe 5
the "member" function of PROLOG. How
the same can be used to perform recursive
search of a data in a list ?

MCSE-003 1 P.T.O.
 (e) Transform the following formula into Prenex 5
Normal form.

(V,) (Vu) (0z) Q (x, y, z) A ((Su ) R (x, u)

-› (3v ) R (y, v)))

(f) Briefly discuss, the "Turing Test" along with 5

its significance.

(g) Transform the following conceptual graph 5

into FOPL statement :

[ PERSON : Anita ]+-(AGENT)<---[DRINK]

-(OBJECT)- [FOOD : MILK]

(Instrument Glass)

(h) What are Agents ? Briefly discuss the 5

properties of agents.

2. (a) Discuss Truth Maintainence System (TMS), 4

with the help of a suitable diagram.

(b) Under what conditions would it make 6

sense to use both forward and backward
chaining ? Give an example where both of
these are used.

(c) Explain the term "Knowledge" with respect 10

to a Knowledge Base System. How
"Knowledge" differs from "Intelligence" ?
Distinguish between procedural and
declarative knowledge, while citing an
example for each.

MCSE-003 2
3. (a) Write short notes on the following : 10
(i) AO* Algorithm
(ii) Reasoning techniques and its types
(b) Explain any two of the following logic 5
concepts, using suitable examples :
(i) Modus Tollens
(ii) Satisfiable statement
(iii) Resolution principle in proposition
logic
(c) Machines can be made intelligent artificially 5
but ultimately persons make the machines.
So, who is more intelligent - the artificial
machine or the person ? Justify your
answer.

4. (a) Briefly discuss Data Structures and Data 5

Values in LISP.
(b) Briefly discuss "Default Reasoning Systems" 5
as a mechanism of handling incompleteness
of a Knowledge Base.
(c) What is an Expert System ? Explain the 10
architecture of Expert System. Create an
Expert System to infer whether a student
has secured excellent, good, average or poor
marks in his/her exams.

5. (a) Compare and contrast precisely the 10

following pair of terms :
(i) BFS and Heuristic Search
(ii) Conceptual graph and Conceptual
Dependency
(iii) Associative Network and Semantic
Network
(iv) Abductive inference and Analogical
inference
(v) Knowledge and information

MCSE-003 3 P.T.O.
 (b) Write DFS algorithm and use it, to search 10
the Goal node n the tree given as
follows :

CD©

MCSE-003 4
No. of Printed Pages : 4 MCSE-003(S)

MCA (Revised)

Term-End Examination

December, 2019

MCSE-003(S) : ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND

KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT

Time : 3 hours Maximum Marks : 100

Note : Question number 1 is compulsory. Attempt any

three questions from the rest.

1. (a) Briefly discuss the S-expressions in LISP.

. What will be the output of the function when
n = 5 ? Write each step while calculating the
result. 5
(defun myfun(n)
(cond

((= n 1) 1)
(t (* n myfun(— n 1)))

MCSE-003(S) 1 P.T.O.
 (b) How does Disjunctive Normal Form (DNF)
differ from Conjunctive Normal Form
(CNF) ? Transform the following well-form
formula into DNF :
(P --> (-(Q R))).
(c) What is Skolomization in predicate logic ?
Skolomize the following Well-Formed
Formula (WFF) :
3x 1 3x2 VY1 VY2 3x3 Vy3 P(x 1 , x2, x3, Y1 , y2, y3).
5

(d) What do you mean by the term "Agents" in

Artificial Intelligence (AI) ? Classify
various types of Agents.
(e) Discuss the 'Cut' and 'Fail' mechanism in
Prolog. Give suitable example for each.
(f) Briefly describe the term Truth
Maintenance System (TMS) with the help
of a suitable block diagram.
(g) How do languages for Artificial Intelligence
(AI) differ from other programming
languages ? Give names of programming
languages, which are frequently used to
develop expert systems.
(h) What do you understand by the term
Uncertainty in AI ? How is uncertainty
managed in Artificial Intelligence ? Briefly
discuss the structures used to manage
knowledge uncertainty.

MCSE-003(S) 2
2. Write short notes on following : 20
(a) Turing Test
(b) Chinese Room Test
(c) Recursion in LISP
(d) Expert Systems
(e) Close World Assumption

3. Differentiate the following : 20

(a) Static Task Environment and Dynamic
Task Environment of Agents
(b) Monotonic Reasoning and Non-Monotonic
Reasoning
(c) Forward Chaining and Backward Chaining
(d) Frames and Rule Based Systems

4. (a) What are Semantic Nets ? Briefly discuss

the utility of semantic nets in knowledge
management. Give suitable example in
support of your answer. 7
(b) Explain the following with the help of an
example : 8
(i) Modus Ponens
Modus Tollens
(iii) Syllogism
(iv) Disjunctive Syllogism
(c) Write a program in LISP to calculate the
area of the circle, whose radius is given by
the user. Write proper comments to
enhance readability of your code.

MCSE-003(S) 3 P.T.O.
5. (a) Write a program in Prolog to find the
factorial of a number given by the user.
Write proper comments to enhance
readability of your code.
(b) What is Prenex Normal Form (PNF). Write
the steps to transform a Well-Formed
Formula (WFF) into PNF. Transform
bx (Q(x) --> (3x) R(x, y)).

(c) Discuss the utility of the following LISP

functions :
(i) Lambda function
(ii) Mapcar function
(iii) Cond function

MCSE-003(S) 4 6,500
 No. of Printed Pages : 3 MCSE-003

•71" MCA (Revised)

00
00 Term-End Examination
0" June, 2013
O
MCSE-003 : ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND
KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT
Time : 3 hours Maximum Marks : 100
Note : Question number 1 is compulsory. Attempt any three
questions from remaining four questions.

1. Answer any five of the following questions

briefly : 5x8=40
(a) How will we know when we have
succeeded in building an Intelligent
Program ? Briefly explain.
(b) What are the advantages of predicate Logic
over propositional logic ? Explain with
examples.
(c) Explain frame as a tool for knowledge
representation.
(d) Explain the advantages of Prenex Normal
Form with example.
(e) Describe the characteristics of scripts as a
model for representing knowledge.
(f) What is Fuzzy Logic ? Explain its
application in AI domain with the help of
example.

MCSE-003 1 P.T.O.
 (g) What are AI Agents ? What are its roles ?
(h) What are the components of an Expert
System ? Explain them briefly.

2. (a) What is First Order Predicate Logic is

(FOPL) ? Represent the following facts in
FOPL :
"Anyone passing his AI paper and getting an
opportunity to work on live project is Happy.
But anyone who studies sincerely or is Lucky
can pass all his exams. Ramu did not study but
he is lucky. Anyone who is lucky, gets a live
project to work"
(b) Explain the RESOLUTION by Refutation 5
method.

3. Discuss the following search techniques : 4x5=20

(a) Breadth First Search
(b) Best First Search
(c) Means - Ends Analysis
(d) AO* Algorithm

4. (a) Write a user defined LISP function to 10

perform as reverse does ?
(b) Write a LISP program to count the number 5
of elements in a given list.
(c) Write a program in PROLOG to print all the 5
elements of a given list.

MCSE-003 2
5. Write short notes on any four of the followings :
4x5=20
(a) Semantic Net as a tool for knowledge
representation.
(b) MYCIN
(c) Genetic Algorithms
(d) Computable Functions
(e) Declarative Vs. Procedural knowledge
(f) Non-Monotonic Reasoning.

MCSE-003 3
No. of Printed Pages : 4 I MCSE-003 I
MCA (Revised)

Term-End Examination
06646
June, 2018

MCSE-003 : ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND

KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT

Time : 3 hOurs Maximum Marks : 100

Note : Question number 1 is compulsory. Attempt any

three questions from the rest.

1. (a) Transform any two of the following to DNF : 5

(i) P --> (- (Q -> R))
(ii) (13, -> Q) -> -P
(P -> Q) -> R
(b) Evaluate the following LISP expressions : 10
(i) (greaterp 18 151 76)
(ii) (reverse ((p q) r (s t))
(iii) (list 'a '(b c))
(iv) (cadadr '(x (y z) 1))
(v) (append 'a '(b c d))
MCSE-003 1 P.T.O.
 (c) Translate the following statements into
WFF : 5
(i) Every person has a mother
(ii) There is a man and he is father of Joe
(d) Discuss "Chinese Room Test". How did the
outcomes of the Chinese Room Test
contribute in the development of machine
intelligence ? 5
(e) Differentiate between single agent and
multiagent environment.
(f) What do you understand by the term
"Fuzzyfication" ? Define Fuzzyfunction
"Tall-man".
(g) Discuss the components of conceptual
graph. Transform the following conceptual
graph into FOPL statement : 5
[PERSON : Anita] E- (AGENT) 4-- [DRINK]
—> (OBJECT) —> [FOOD : MILK] -->
(Instrument Glass)

2. (a) Write the DFS algorithm. Use DFS to search

the goal node QG . Show each step of the
algorithm. 10
0
0 0
o 0 0
0 0 0 0
o
00 0
MCSE-003 2
 (b) Write short notes on any four of the
following : 10
(i) Prenex normal form
(ii) Skolemization
(iii) Clausal form
(iv) Resolution
(v) Unification

3. (a) What is an Expert System ? Explain the

architecture of an Expert System. Create an
expert system to infer, whether a student
has secured poor, good, average or excellent
marks in the examinations. 10

(b) Write A* algorithm. Briefly discuss any

application area of A* algorithm. 5

(b) Briefly describe the components of "Truth

Maintenance System (TMS)". 5

4. (a) Differentiate between any two of the

following :
(i) Monotonic reasoning and
Non-Monotonic reasoning
(ii) Predicate logic and Propositional logic
(iii) Supervised learning and Unsupervised
learning
Give suitable examples, expressions and
diagrams, while differentiating. 10
MCSE-003 3 P.T.O.
 (b) Write short notes on any two of the
following : 10
(i) Turing Test
(ii) Semantic Nets
(iii) Frames

5. (a) Discuss any two of the following :

(i) Lambda Function
(ii) Mapcar Function
Cond Function
(b) Write a program in Prolog to identify the
following relations :
(i) Grandfather (X, Y)
(ii) Sister (X, Y)
Develop appropriate knowledge base and
write the rule applicable to the knowledge
base. 7
(c) Write a program in LISP to find the
factorial of a number, entered by the user.
Give comments in the program to explain
your logic. 7

MCSE-003 4 6,000
No. of Printed Pages : 4 1MCSE-003
MCA (Revised)
Term-End Examination
December, 2015
MCSE-003 : ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND
KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT

Time : 3 hours Maximum Marks : 100

Note : Question number 1 is compulsory. Attempt any
three questions from the rest.

1. (a) Transform the following into prenex

normal forms : 5
a) (3x) (- (3y) Q (x, y) ->
((3z) R(z) -> S(x)))

(ii) (Vx) (Q(x) (3x) R(x, y))

(b) Write FOPL to represent the following

statements, and prove whether the
conclusion follows from the premises or
not : 5
(i) All dancers love to dance.
(ii) Everyone who sings and plays an
instrument loves to dance.
(iii) Therefore, all dancers sing and play
an instrument.
(c) Derive DNF for the expression given as
follows :
-, (Pv-Q)A(R-+S)

MCSE-003 1 P.T.O.
 (d) What do you mean by Non-monotonic
reasoning system ? What are the
constituent components of such systems ?
Describe the interrelation between the
components of such systems. 5
(e) Use Resolution to determine the validity of
the following : 5
(((Vx) (A(x) --> B(x))) A (- B(x))) —> A(x)
(f) Write a LISP program to convert the
temperature in Fahrenheit to that in
Centigrade. 5
(g) Draw a truth table for the following
expression : 5
A A (A v B) (B v C)
(h) Write a well formed formula (wff) for the
following : 5
(i) God loves everyone who loves
someone.
(ii) Every person has a mother.

2. (a) Differentiate between forward and

backward chaining. What factors affect the
decision to choose forward or backward
chaining ? 7
(b) What is a Turing Test ? Do you know
about any machine which passed the
Turing Test ? 7
(c) Write the importance of Expert System. 3
(d) Define a fuzzy function `Tall-man". 3

MCSE-003 2
3. (a) Transform the following into the
conjunctive normal forms : 5
P A Q) V (P A -IQ) A S

(b) What do you mean by local maxima with

respect to search technique ? Explain with
an example. 7

(c) What do you mean by Agent in Artificial

Intelligence ? Discuss the properties and
role of Agents in artificial intelligence. 8

4. (a) Evaluate the following LISP expressions : 5

(i) '(+ 9 3)
(ii) (expt 2 5)
(iii) (evenp (+ 9 6))
(iv) (or '(at n 1) 0)
(v) (equal '(two one) '(one two))
(b) Represent the following statement in
PROLOG :
Rita reads a book.
(c) Explain 'script' knowledge representation
technique and write a script for a
supermarket. 10

MCSE-003 3 P.T.O.
5. (a) List the limitations of using propositional
logic to represent the knowledge base. 5

(b) Draw a Semantic Net of the following : 7

John and Mary loved each other and

decided to get married. A month before the
wedding, John discovered that Mary's
father was secretly smuggling stolen art
through Venice. After struggling with his
conscience for days, John reported Mary's
father to the Police. Mary understood
John's decision, but she despised him for it
nonetheless, and she broke off their
engagement knowing he would suffer.

(c) Prove the following conjunctures using

fuzzy DeMorgan law : 8

(i) A n B = ( Ac U Bc )c

(ii) A U B = ( Ac n Be r

MCSE-003 4 13,000
 No. of Printed Pages : 4 I MCSE 0031-

MCA (Revised)
Term-End Examination
0,44-20 December, 2016

MCSE-003 : ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND

KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT

Time : 3 hours Maximum Marks : 100

Note : Question number 1 is compulsory. Attempt any
three questions from the rest.

1. (a) What is the purpose of Turing test ? Give a

brief outline of the Turing test.
(b) Given the formulae
Ai :X-->Y; A2 :— Y; B:— X

Prove that B is the logical consequence of

Al and A2 without using truth table. 5
(c) Give Prenex Normal Form of the WFF
given below : 5
V (WO —> 3x M(X, Y))
(d) Write well-formed formulae for the
following : 5
(i) Whoever can read is literate
(ii) Some who are intelligent, can't read

MCSE-003 1 P.T.O.
 (e) Draw a Conceptual Graph for the sentence
given below : 5
"Cow has four legs and eats grass."
(f) Evaluate the following LISP expressions : 5
(i) (greaterp 18 151 76)
(ii) (reverse ((pq) r (st)))
(iii) (equal 'a (car '(ab)))
(iv) (cadadr '(a (bc) d))
(v) (list 'a '(bc))
(g) Determine Concentration and
Normalization of a Fuzzy set A, given
below :
A = {car I 0.5, truck I 0.9, bus I 0.7,
scooter 10, bike I 0.2}
(h) What is the role of Agents in Artificial
Intelligence and Knowledge Management ? 5

2. Compare and contrast the following : 20

(a) Frames and Scripts
(b) Informed Search and Uninformed Search
(c) Abductive Inference and Analogical
Inference
(d) A* Algorithm and AO * Algorithm

3. (a) Write a LISP program to perform

sequential search. 5

(b) Write a prolog program to identify the

brother and sister relation. You can create
a knowledge base of your choice.
MCSE-003 2
 (c) Write short notes on any two of the
following : 10
(i) PEAS
(ii) Structure of Agents
(iii) Rational Agents

4. (a) Use the technique of resolution over the

information set given below to show that
the predicate SUPPORTS (BOOK, CUP) is
true : 10
Information Set :

Al : If x is on top of y, y supports x

A2 : If x is above y and they are touching

each other, x is on top of y

A3 : A cup is above a book

A4 : A cup is touching a book

(b) Explain Hill climbing search technique

with a suitable example. 5

(c) Differentiate between Forward chaining

and Backward chaining. For what
situations, is which chaining mechanism
best to use, for a given set of problems ? 5
M CS ET 0 03 3 P.T.O.
5. (a) Write short notes on any two of the
following :
(i) Means-End Analysis
(ii) Semantic Network
(iii) Chain Rule
Use suitable example for each. 10

(b) Explain A* search algorithm. How is A *

* search algorithm ? modifetAO
Discuss. 10

MCSE-003 4 8,000
No. of Printed Pages : 5 I MCSE-003 I
MCA (Revised)
Term-End Examination
075-0_16 June, 2016

MCSE-003 : ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND

KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT

Time : 3 hours Maximum Marks : 100

Note : Question number 1 is compulsory. Attempt any

three questions from the rest.

1. (a) Use Resolution to determine the validity of

the following : 5
(Vx) (3y) ( A(x) A B(y) -->
(A(y) A B(x) -÷ (A(x) B(x))

(b) Transform the P v (1P A Q A R) in

Conjunctive Normal Form. 5
(c) Write a LISP program to find the
maximum of 3 numbers. 5
(d) Discuss the concept of consistency and
completeness testing of Expert system. 5
(e) Explain the rules of inference
propositional logic, noted as follows : 5
(i) Modus Ponens
(ii) Chain Rule
MCSE-003 1 P.T.O.
 (f) Define the following in PROLOG : 4
(i) Parent (x, y)
(ii) Grandparent
(iii) Sibling
(iv) Both Parents of Sibling
(g) Write short notes on the following : 6
(i) Lambda function
(ii) Mapping function
(h) Compare the following pairs of terms : 5
(i) Hill climbing and BFS
(ii) Conceptual graph and Conceptual
dependency

2. (a) It is required to recognize the English

alphabetical characters F, E, X, Y, I and T
in an image processing system. Define two
fuzzy sets I and F to represent the
identification of the characters I and F as
follows :

I = (F, 0.4), (E, 0.3), (X, 0.1), (Y, 0.1),

(I, 0.9), (T, 0.8)

F = (F, 0.99), (E, 0.8), (X, 0.1), (Y, 0.2),

(I, 0.5), (T, 0.5) I
Determine the following : 8
(i) IUF
(ii) I n F
(iii) I — F
(iv) F U F c

MCSE-003 2
 (b) Elaborate the following in brief : 10
(i) Knowledge
(ii) Intelligence
(iii) Inheritance Knowledge
(iv) Knowledge Acquisition
(v) Knowledge Management

(c) What is Means-Ends analysis ? Illustrate

with an example. 2

3. (a) Consider the following sentences :

• John likes all kinds of food.
• Apples are food.
• Chicken is food.
• Anything anyone eats and isn't killed
by it, is food.
• Sue eats everything Bill eats.
(i) Translate the sentences into formulae
in predicate logic.
(ii) Prove that John likes peanuts using
backward chaining.
(iii) Convert the formulae of part (i) into
clause form.
(iv) Prove that John likes peanuts using
resolution.
(v) Use resolution to answer the question,
"What food does Sue eat ?" 10

MCSE..003 3 P.T.O.
 (b) Transform the following into DNF :
P—>((Q A R)< >S)

(c) Represent the following statement in

PROLOG:

Mohan eats banana.

4. (a) Express the following statements in

propositional logic :

(i) Cancer will not be cured unless its

cause is determined and a new drug
for cancer is found.

(ii) If the humidity is high, it will rain

either today or tomorrow.

(iii) It requires courage and skills to climb

a mountain.

(b) Obtain a statement form for the formulae : 6

(i) (3x) (Ay) (Az) (3u) (Vv) (3w)

P (x, y, z, u, v, w)

(ii) (Vx) (3y) (3z) ((—P (x, y) A

Q (x, z)) v R (x, y, z))

(c) Explain the concept of planning with state

space search using suitable examples. 5

MCSE-003 4
5. (a) Draw the Semantic Net for the following : 8

All penguins are birds.

All birds are animals.
All mammals are animals.
All cats are mammals.
Charley is a manx.
All manxes are cats.
All rexes are cats.

(b) What do you mean by learning ? Explain

with an example. 2

(c) A problem-solving search can proceed

either forward (from a known state to
desired goal state) or backward (from a
goal state to start state). What factors
determine the choices of direction for a
particular problem ? 5

(d) Prove that

(p —> q) A ( r q) A r -3 -p

is a tautology, without using truth table.

MCSE-003 5 7,000
No. of Printed Pages : 4
.
I MCSE-003 I
MCA (Revised)
Term-End Examination
06 June, 2017

MCSE-003 : ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND

KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT

Time : 3 hours Maximum Marks : 100

Note : Question. number .1 is compulsory. Answer any

three questions from the rest.

1. (a) What is the purpose of Chinese Room test ?

Give a brief outline of Chinese. Room test.
(b) If the propositions are described as follows
A : Hard work
B : Success
C : Knowledge
D : Money
then, represent the following formulae in
English :
(i) AAC->BAD .

(ii) - A -4 B
(iii) A A C -> B
(iv) - A A C -> D
(v) A -> C

MCSE-003 1 P.T.O.
 (c) Transform the following into PCNF : 5
(i) - (X -› Y) Z
(ii) (C -› D) V (C A D)
(d) Write well-formed formulae (WFF) for the
following :
(i) Person respected by every other
person is a king
(ii) Some, who are intelligent, can't read
(e) Draw a conceptual graph for the sentence,
"Car has four wheels and consumes fuel." 5
(f) Evaluate the LISP code given below, for
n = 5. Write each step while calculating the
result. 5
(defun mycode (n)
(cond ((zerop n) - 1)
(t
(*(- n)
mycode (- n 1 )))
)))
(g) Given the fuzzy set to describe the term
Tall :
Tall = {5'/0.0, 5'5"/ 0.2, 5'810.5, 6'/0.7
6'510.8, 7'/1.0}
Discuss and describe the membership
function for the fuzzy sets for each of the
following terms : 5
(i) Very tall
(ii) Not tall
(h) What is an Expert System ? Briefly discuss
the architecture of an Expert System. 5
MCSE-003 2
2. Compare and contrast the following : 20
(a) Monotonic and Non-monotonic reasoning
(b) DFS and BFS
(c) Conceptual Graph and Conceptual
Dependency
(d) Predicate and Prepositional Logic
3. (a) Write a LISP program to find the
maximum of three numbers. 5
(b) Write a prolog program to identify the
grandfather relation. You can create a
knowledge base of your choice. 5
(c) Write short notes on any two of the
following : 10
(i) Associative Networks
(ii) Task Environments of Agents
(iii) S-Expressions
4. (a) Briefly discuss the term 'Truth
Maintenance System (TMS)'.
(b) What do you mean by the term
Backtracking ? Describe this concept of
Backtracking with the help of a suitable
program in prolog.
(c) Express the following knowledge as a
semantic network .structure with
interconnected nodes and labelled arcs :
"Anu is the Principal of XYZ School. She is
married to Raj and has a female child,
Anita. Anita goes to school. Raj plays golf
and owns a silver coloured German made
car, Benz."
MCSE-003 P.T.O.
5. (a) What do you mean by the term 'Agents' in
Artificial Intelligence ? Classify the various
types of Agents.
(b) What do you understand by a rule of
inference ? Discuss any four rules of
inference. 5
(c) How is the concept of matching used in
Artificial Intelligence, for problem solving ?
Explain the Indexing Technique used for
rule matching. 10

MCSE-003 4 3,500
 No. of Printed Pages : 4 MCSE-003 I
MCA (Revised)
Term-End Examination
009 I CI December, 2017

MCSE-003 : ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND

KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT

Time : 3 hours Maximum Marks : 100

Note : Question number 1 is compulsory. Answer any
three questions from the rest.

1. (a) Discuss the Turing test. What are the

shortcomings of the Turing test ? 5

(b) Transform any two of the following to CNF : 5

(i) - (X —> Y) V (X A Y)
(ii) - (A B) —> C
---)

(iii) P —> (- (Q -+ R))

(c) Evaluate and elaborate the following LISP

expressions : 10
(i) (lessp 18 151 76)
(ii) (car (a b c d))
(cdr (x y z))
(iv) (member 'a ' (a b c d))
(v) (list 'a `(b c))
MCSE-003 1 P.T.O.
 (d) Convert the following WFF into a set
of clauses
Vx (3y Man (y) A Bites (x, y) dog (x)). 5
(e) What is Means-Ends Analysis ? How is
Means-Ends Analysis used as a problem
solving technique ? 5
(f) What do you understand by the term
Agents in Artificial Intelligence ? Discuss
the properties of agents. 5
(g) What is the utility of conceptual
dependency representation ? Generate the
conceptual dependency representation of
the sentence given below : 5
"Raj will eat dosa from the plate with fork
and knife."

2. (a) Write BFS algorithm. Use the BFS to

_

search the goal node . Show each step

of the algorithm. 10

0 0 0 0
GO 0 0 00
0 00 0 0
00 0
MCSE-003 2
 (b) Given the following information :
Al : If 'a' is on top of 13', `13' supports 'a'
A2 : If 'a' is above 13', and they are touching
each other, 'a' is on top of `b'
A3 : A jug is above the table
A4 : A jug is touching the table
Perform the following tasks : 10
(i) Translate the statements Al to A4
(given) in clausal form.
(ii) Show that the predicate support
(table, jug) is true, using Resolution.
3. (a) What is the difference between Knowledge
and Intelligence ? Enumerate the various
knowledge representation schemes, giving
a brief description for each scheme. 10
(b) Write the AO* algorithm. Briefly discuss
any application area of the AO* algorithm. 5
(c) What are the various methods to deal with
the uncertainty in the knowledge system ?
Discuss any one of them. 5
4. (a) Differentiate between the following
(any two) :
(i) Forward chaining and Backward
chaining
(ii) Conceptual graph and Conceptual
dependency structure
(iii) A* and AO* algorithms
Give suitable examples and diagrams to
explain the differences. 10
MDSE-003 3 P.T.O.
 (b) Write short notes on any two of the
following : 10
(i) Chinese Room Experiment
(ii) Scripts
(iii) Heuristic Search

5. (a) Write a program in Prolog to find and print

prime numbers between 1 to 100. 7

(b) Write a program in LISP to search for an

element (given by user) in a list. Give
comments in the program to explain your
logic. 7

(c) Discuss any two of the following : 6

(i) mapcar function
(ii) Property list
S-expression

MCSE-003 4 6,500