Effects of Technology to the Study Habits of Senior High School Students in the Midst of

COVID – 19 Pandemic

A Research Project Presented to the

Palawan State University

Puerto Princesa City

Taytay Campus

In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Inquiries, Investigation and Immersion

---------------------------------------------------------------

_________________________________

By:

Rentoria, Angie V.

Andes, Richelle Ann M.

May 2021
 CHAPTER I

PROBLEM AND IT’S BACKGROUND

Background of the Study

Technology was used by humans to make their lives easier and it acts as a learning portal

for every student. As a result, the use of technology in education is seen to improve students'

learning while also making the school atmosphere a place where students want to be, because it

makes the learning fun. With this being said, according to Tabefranca (2018), technology

advancement have change the students’ study habit dramatically through the years as well as

affected the teachers’ method of presenting information. She added that studying has become far

more flexible for student because of the help of technology as they choose to learn and present

information in their own ways.

According to the article of Noble (2015), Over the last 20 years, technology has rapidly

changed and expanded. As a result, students have developed changes in how they study. As

mentioned to some of his interviews, he said that losing focus in the classroom has become a

problem for some students due to their personal technologies and the accessibility of the internet

has also affected their schoolwork. However, the focus of students in the classroom may have

decreased slightly, but the amount of information at their fingertips has also helped their learning

and technology has provided access to some study tools that would help the students in their

study and to their study habit.

Ireland (2021) emphasized the effects of technology to the study habit of the students. As

stated in his article, the resources from the internet allows students to access virtually all

information that is publicly available from the comfort of their homes. Also, the speed it provide
where students can now gain access to information in far quicker ways as well as the sharing

where information can now be shared between staff and students in far more efficient ways. In

addition to that, the flexibility that technology provide also made the studying of the students to

become far more flexible because students can choose to learn and present information in their

own ways.

On the contrary, according to Baron (2019) article, modern technology is not an unmixed

blessing for students. The main allegation against digital devices is that these devices are making

students lazy therefore, affecting their study habits. It is mentioned that these technology causes

lack of interest in hard work wherein, due to the availability of all types of information online,

many students are now becoming lazy. As a result, many students are neglecting the basics of

education. Also, the Potential pitfalls where students browse websites that are not related to their

studies, and thus create distractions. The misuse of technology is also mentioned in the article

where mobile devices, computers, and other technologies are usually seen as tools of

entertainment and not of education which is serves as a major problem faced by the students that

are affecting their study habits.

Looking forward, technology plays a significant role for each and every one especially in

today's situation due to this COVID 19 Pandemic. According to Acer (2020) article, the COVID-

19 pandemic had an unprecedented impact on the education of children around the world. With

the enforcement of strict social distancing measures and school closures in many countries

including the Philippines, there has been rapid, widespread and potentially permanent changes to

traditional modes of teaching and learning. In addition to that, technology is seen to be the one

element connecting teachers and students amid the crisis. Furthermore, students are required to

undergo online classes or modular instead for their studies. With this being said, technology is
seen and expected to be affecting the students' study habits which leads the researchers to

conduct this study.

In regarding to all of that, the aim of this study is to examine and investigate the effects

of technology to the study habit of the Senior High School Students in the midst of the COVID-

19 Pandemic.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study seek to describe and analysed the effects of technology to the study habits of

Grade 12 Senior High School Students of Palawan State University – Taytay Campus.

Especially, ot sought to answer the following questions:

1. What is the demographic profile of the students in terms of the following:

a. Age

b. Gender

c. Strand

2. Does students have access to technology?

3. What is the time duration of the students on using technology

4. How does technology affect the students’ study habits in terms of the following:

a. Internet

b. Cellphone

c. Laptop/Computer
Hypothesis of the study

Null Hypothesis: There is no significant difference between the study habits and the students

used of technology.

Alternative Hypothesis: There is a significant difference between the study habits and the

students used of technology.

Significance of the Study

The researchers would intend to provide useful insights regarding to the effects of

technology to the study habit of the Senior High School Students in the midst of the COVID-19

Pandemic. The result and findings of this research will be beneficial to the following:

Student - This will be beneficial to the students because they will be aware to the effects of

using technology to their study habits especially in the midst of this current COVID-19

Pandemic, thus, they will know their limitations in using this technologies especially those

students who are currently undergoing online classes.

Teachers/ Instructors and University and Administration - This will be useful to the teachers

or instructors and to the University and its administration because they will be able to know the

effects of using technology to their students' study habit, especially in the situation we are

currently experiencing due to this COVID-19 Pandemic. Through this, they can provide better

and effective strategies to help their students in their studies.

Parents - This will benefit the parents because they will be able to know the effects of

technology to the study habits of their children. With this, parents can help to minimize, guide
and monitor their children from using technology.

Future Researchers - This study will be useful to future researchers through providing them

information and knowledge about the research that they will be conducting related to this topic.

Aside from that, future researchers will also have the chance to revise and provide information

that this research missed to present, as well as to conduct an updated study related to this

research. Future researchers may also use this research as their reference or when they are

creating reviews of related studies.

Researchers – This research will benefit the researchers themselves because the result and the

findings of this study will provide them information about the effects of technology to the study

habit of the Senior High School Students in the midst of the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Scope and Delimitations

This study focuses on the effects of technology to the students’ study habits in the midst
of the current COVID 19 Pandemic. The study was concerned (I) if the students have access to

technology; (II) the time duration of the senior high school students usage of technology; and

(III) how technology affects the students’ study habit in terms of internet, cellphone and

computer/laptop. The researchers also intended to gather the respondents' demographic profile in

terms of age, gender and strand. This study will be conducted in Palawan State University-

Taytay Campus, located in Poblacion Taytay Palawan. The respondents of this research will be

limited to Grade 12 senior high school students, consisting the total of fifty (50) students from

different strands which belongs to academic track and also the TVL track. This strands under

academic track includes the STEM, HUMSS and the ABM which are all currently undergoing

online classes. The study will be conducted from 2nd week of February year 2021 up to the end of

the Second semester on June. This study will use descriptive research design and in gathering the

needed data from the respondents, the researchers will use survey questionnaires through Google

forms and distribute it online with the use of Messenger and Facebook application.

Conceptual Framework

Figure 1 below illustrates the conceptual framework of the research. The paradigm presents the
variables that will be considered in the research.

Effects of technology to Study

Habits:
a. The students’ Demographic Effects of Technology to the Study
Profile.
b. The students access to Habits of Senior High School
Technology.
c. The students’ time duration of Students in the Midst of COVID – 19
using technology in studying.
Pandemic
d. The students’ used of internet,
cellphone and laptop/computer
in studying

Fig. 1: The Conceptual Framework of the Study

The effects of Technology to the Study Habits are being describe in this research in terms

of four sub-variables: (a) The students’ demographic profile; (b) the students’ access to

technology; (c) the students’ time duration of using technology in studying; and (d) the students’

used of internet, cellphone and laptop/computer in studying. These variables in this research are

seen to possess the effects of technology to the study habits of senior high school students in the

midst of COVID – 19 pandemic and are represented by the two-headed arrow which signified

their hypothesized relationship.

Definition of Terms

Study Habit – This refers to the students’ method of acquiring information and learning from
different subjects.

Time duration - A length of time of students obtaining learning from different subjects. In this

study, time duration refers to the length of time that students spend on using technology while

studying.

Technology - A phenomenon that gives an advantage and disadvantage to student’s way of

processing information and study habit. It is an element that connects teachers and students

amidst the crisis.

Internet - A network that allows students to access virtually all information in far quicker ways

as well as sharing information that is publicly available. In this study, the internet refers to the

network that students used in their study which may affect their study habits.

Cellphone - An electronic device use by students when acquiring information. In this study.

cellphone refers to the gadget that students commonly used that could affect their study habits.

Laptop/Computer - A tool used by students to access information. In this study, it refers to a

gadget that students also used in their study which could affect their study habits.

Online Class - A form of distance education in which a subjects are conducted over internet.

COVID-19 - A disease that change the way of educating students whereby, teaching are

undertaken through digital forms.

Palawan State University – Taytay Campus – A University located at Sorillo Street,

Poblacion, Taytay, Palawan that offers three courses which are the Bachelor of Science in

Business Management (BSBA), Bachelor of Science in Information Technology (BSIT), and the

Bachelor of Science in Hospitality Management (BSHM).

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURES

 Study skills according to Al Hilawani and Sartawi (1997) are those skills and habits

which are necessary for understanding and retrieving information. Key competencies of study

include, acquiring information, recording information, recording appropriate responses to the

presented information, locating the required information, organizing and managing information,

synthesizing information to create meaningful patterns of responses, memorizing and retrieving

information on demand. It is also characterized as a state in which a student organizes his or her

private reading outside of class hours in order to master a specific subject or topic. Thus,

effective and successful study habits necessitates more than just memorizing facts; it requires

knowing where and how to acquire knowledge, as well as the ability to use it wisely. Evidently,

study habits have a direct impact on one's learning ability, and it's important to learn about

students' study habits in order to enhance their learning, wherein, study patterns may either be

beneficial to a student's academic success or disruptive, resulting to mediocre grades. (Azikiwe,

1998).

In connection with that, Poscia et al. (2015) asserted that study habits have effect on

students’ ability to learn, and technology are one of the most important factors that can affect

study habits. Looking forward, the effect of COVID 19 Pandemic on education has made a

sudden shift from traditional learning to the adaption of online leaning whereas, various

technology plays a significant role after schools were shut down. Bresnick (2020) noted that the

remote-learning students are running into all sorts of barriers to learning. Teachers and

instructors are seeing that previously learned study strategies and habits are falling by the

wayside as a result of too much unstructured time and relatively isolated campus living therefore

creating challenges for even the best-equipped and disciplined students. Although, many schools

around the world used an online platform to still hold virtual classes during COVID 19
pandemic. Teachers implemented changes to their classes to suit new technologies and at home

students, thus, the exposure to this technology are influencing the students’ way of studying.

(Yan, 2021).

TECHNOLOGY.

Technology is a tool that students and adults use often outside of the classroom, but

incorporating it into the classroom would enable students and teachers to learn in ways they have

never learned before, transforming the teacher's role, the learner's role, and the learning

environment. Moreover, Harris et al. (2016) point out that technology is a relatively new marvel

of our daily lives that has taken off. The most daunting tasks can be made easier and more

effective thanks to technological advancements. Even so, technology has enabled students to be

involved and learn in ways that they have never been able to do in a traditional classroom

environment. Thus, technology can play a role in student academic success and motivation to

attend school. Owing to the technological change that schools are currently experiencing, these

results are important. Consequently, technology can be the catalyst required for school districts

to help their students reach higher levels by providing more technology exposure for students

and more professional development for teachers to hone their newly acquired teaching methods.

The existence of these technologies radically altered people's lives, especially the lives of

schoolchildren, young and old, who are fascinated by audio-visual materials. Arfapo (2019)

states that in this cybernetic century, modern media such as television, computers, and other

electronic devices are products of humanity, making life easier and more enjoyable. In addition,

this study found that there is no significant link between electronic gadgets and students' study

habits, and that using gadgets to improve access to easy and convenient learning can be
beneficial to students. On the other hand, Keller 1987, as cited in Harris et al. (2016) stated that

the attention, relevance, confidence, and satisfaction are all important components for students

when technology is being introduced effectively in the classroom. Teachers must bear in mind

not only best teaching methods, but also what is best for students and what will hook them to

take learning towards the next level in order for students to even want to come to school and

learn.

According to Lsernhagen (1999), from the simple four-function calculator to assistive

technology for students with learning disabilities, technology is a major catalyst for increasing

learning. Furthermore, much has been written on how to use technology to help students reach

higher levels of achievement. Therefore a variety of new innovations are being developed to

promote and improve learning in our classrooms. Evidently, many of these tools are used as

basic methodologies to improve student learning rather than replacing conventional teaching

method. Technologies are an important resource for students to develop their literacy and

numeracy skills, as well as allowing for both individual and interactive learning experiences,

resulting in a personalized learning process. Meanwhile, McGraw-Hill Education (2013)

expanded that mobile devices and online activities will aid the study process while also

negatively influencing it. As mentioned by this survey, online activities are the primary source of

diversion for nearly 40% of those polled; additionally, more than half of those polled said they

text friends while researching on their laptops, tablets, and phones. Students, on the other hand,

profit equally from using technology for their studies (mostly smartphones rather than tablets or

computers), as stated to the same survey. Consequently, by using digital resources for learning,

they are able to save time, which they can devote to sleeping. As a result, thier study concluded

that students' learning abilities are influenced by their study habits, and that technological devices
play a critical role among the factors that influence study habits.

However, the issue of unintended consequences of using technology in the classroom is

significant. According to Gorra and Bhati (2016) unintended consequences can cause disruption

in the classroom and negate institutional policies regarding strategic direction and interference in

the teaching and learning process. The findings from this study indicate that technical tools used

in teaching and learning practices, such as computers, tablets, and cell phones, have both a

positive and negative impact on the academic atmosphere, influencing both students and

teachers. The use of technical and instructional innovations sets off a chain of actions and

reactions within education system, some of which are intended and others unintended. Their

study reveals that the use of technology in classroom is important because unintended

consequences can cause disruption in classroom and negate the institutional policies regarding

strategic direction and intervention in teaching and learning process.

Nevertheless, according to Zambrano et al. (2017) the increased usage of technical

devices inside and outside the school community has resulted from the use of audiovisual media

and expanding internet coverage. They highlighted that it is undeniable that technology and

inclusion in education have a significant effect on students' study habits. They also stated that if

teachers have been successful in incorporating new teaching techniques through the use of

information technology, it would help to innovate student behaviors and habits that can pervade

their own learning experience. Additionally, Persson (2014) examined how the students created

different strategies for the construction and destruction of barriers between the academic and

leisure, in relation to the technological devices both at school and at their home. Evidently,

Persson concludes that the leisure activities students perform with technology could become an

alternative way of learning for students in the 21st century. Meanwhile. Parillo (2018) claimed
that technology has a greater effect on study habits when it comes to attention span. When

students have access to electronic devices, the amount of time they spend focusing on homework

is greatly reduced. When students are surrounded by technology, it is easy for them to become

distracted. It's also a good idea to try to instill good habits.

INTERNET

Study habits that are successful are an essential part of the learning process. To project

time, money investments and achieve educational objectives, all students needs to develop a

good study habits. Study habits are also a critical component of academic performance for any

student. Joshi and Sharma (2017) emphasized that the senior secondary students are belonged to

stage of adolescent period, therefore mostly these students are mostly affected when they are

using internet and giving valuable time to these internet activities that may affect their study

habits and their academic achievement. Furthermore, the internet and technological

advancements according to Allen (2017) have changed the way students learn significantly,

allowing students to devise better and more unique study methods. Students may use technology

to entertain themselves while learning, allowing them to choose how they learn and enjoy the

transformation of studying from a tedious task to a pleasurable experience. Nonetheless, it aids

students who wants to learn more and as a result, they become better prepared for their courses.

In addition, Researches revealed that the use of internet among school students has led to

a vast change in their life styles and study habits. It is a general observation that the use of

internet can lead to improve student’s performance in thinking logically, formation of concepts,

problem solving procedure and understanding relationships. (Temple & Gavillet, 1990).

Meanwhile, Gulati (2019) argued that using the internet is essential for all students to succeed in
their lives. This internet can be used for both academic and non-academic purposes. As a result,

she demonstrated that the internet is an infinite expanse of knowledge. Students use a variety of

websites to complete school tasks, presentations, and homework assignments. Apart from that,

they spend time on YouTube watching educational, entertaining, and other videos.

On the contrary, a relationship existed between internet addiction and loneliness, anxiety,

and depression. The internet addiction was linked with worsened learning strategies such as

organizing learning productively, and stronger test anxiety. Hence, problematic internet use may

affect studying skills across a range of settings, as opposed to performance in one particular area.

Likewise, reduced ability to prepare and experience encouragement upon task completion, as

well as elevated rates of anxiety and depression, are thought to contribute to the negative impact

on motivation to learn. (Bernshtein, 2015). Evidently, some psychologists, journalists, and policy

analysts contend that using the internet limits the brain’s ability to develop creativity (Davis,

1989). Wang (2003) affirmed that students like being by themselves. They have stopped taking

notes and the copy-and-paste technology is essential to them. In this way, it demonstrates that

internet use has significant implications, as it can interfere with children’s study habits. On the

majority of dimensions, internet users and nonusers have different study patterns. They also

show different levels in different dimensions.

CELLPHONES

Students are easily influenced by trends, fashions, and styles, making them more

inclined to adoption of new technologies such as cellphones. The study habits of the student’s

change as new technologies emerge. Technology, such as cellphones, has altered the

conventional educational experience, and to face these challenges, educational institutions such
as schools and universities must adopt modern technology for students' better learning. (Ling,

2001). Moreover, many students who begin university do not always have the necessary skills to

deal with the challenges of a new and changing learning environment. An environment in which

they are expected to study without being told what or when to study. Many students entering

university do not always have the necessary skills to deal with the challenges of a new and

evolving learning environment. Kukulska-Hulme and Traxler (2007) reported how mobile

phones promote authentic learning designs that contribute to personalize learning that focuses on

real-world issues and includes projects that are relevant and interesting to the learner. Cellphone

use has already been shown to promote lifelong learning that happens in daily situations, such as

spontaneity and impromptu environments, as well as learning that occurs outside of the formal

learning environment. (Brown, 2005).

Meanwhile, cellphone used is gradually becoming a compelling learning tool used to

improve teaching and learning in distance education. With regard to this, Adjei (2019) states that

cellphone use ensures flexible course delivery and allows the learners to access online learning

platforms, course resources, and interact digitally. Also, according to Masiu and Chukwuere

(2018), the use of cellphone plays a phenomenal role in teaching and learning. It was also stated

that the cellphone has made students' lives easier, as they can access their school information on

the gadget via electronic learning (e-learning) and mobile learning (m-learning). The evolution of

cellphones parallels the evolution of human lives. Because of the varying needs, demands, and

preferences of cellphone users, the new version is frequently updated with new features.

On the other hand, a long-term use of smartphones can have an effect on study habits

although they clearly redefine knowledge access and, as a result, study habits due to these

devices provide a multimodal approach to learning. These features serve as facilitators for the
efficient use of time and space, as well as the introduction of different activities that help

students succeed academically. (Mbah, 2010). Additionally, the study of Technopedia (2019)

highlighted that in distance learning, students still prefer to use a smartphone in their learning

activities. The findings also revealed that smartphones played important roles in the academic

activities of the University's. However, the findings discovered a negative effect on distance

learning students and revealed some inhibiting factors in the use of smartphones, which included

smartphones freezing during important learning moments, unstable internet connectivity,

intruding calls during class hours, and the screen and key sizes, which made the smartphone

uncomfortable for learning when compared to laptops.

Omar (2019) perceive that in order for students to become successful independent

learners in today’s changing world, educators must place a greater emphasis on what students do

outside of the classroom in terms of study patterns than on what they do within the classroom.

Mobile phone use is on the rise across several economic and age groups, converting higher

education into a “anytime, anywhere” experience. (Prensky, 2001). Furthermore, in the study of

Kahari (2013) indicated that improving the study skills of university students is an area which

lecturers and students alike agree is important. The success or failure in university courses is

determined by their ability to employ the most appropriate strategy in a given learning situation.

Kahari asserted that cellphones are rapidly becoming one of the most popular information access

devices, and that the study's findings highlights the widespread usage of interactive, multi-user

features, which can be both disruptive and beneficial. This study unveil that cell phone use has

negative and positive effects on the study habits of university students depending on usage

patterns .The study concluded that despite the challenges faced by students, cell phones unlike

other educational innovations are firmly rooted in the society in which education and institutions
are part of, and ignoring the use or applications of this technology would be ill-advised.

Eventually, the study discovered that while cell phones are useful for learning, students misuse

them.

COMPUTER

Johnson 2003, as cited in Harris et al. (2016) stated that the computer and technology, if

used correctly, has the ability to invoke dream in the minds of visionary educators who saw

endless potential for altering traditional notions of teaching and learning. They argued that while

technology is a tool that students and adults use regularly outside of the classroom, bringing it

into the school environment will enable students and teachers to learn in ways they never have

before, thus, altering the teacher's position, the learner's role, and the learning environment.

Hence, the computer use in classrooms and at home may either replace other learning-oriented

tasks or maximize learning time by reducing on leisure or non-productive academic activities.

The net effect of computer use in schools and at home is likely to be determined by whether

computers replace other learning practices or instead improve total learning time or learning

process effectiveness. (OECD, 2015)

Hattie and Yates (2013) report stronger effects when computers were supplementing

traditional teaching, rather than seen as its alternative. According to these authors, positive

effects were achieved in interventions that followed the same principles of learning that apply for

traditional teaching as well: computers were particularly effective when used to extend study

time and practice, when used to allow students to assume control over the learning situation (e.g.

by individualizing the pace with which new material is introduced), and when used to support

collaborative learning.
 On the contrary, ICT has the potential to change the nature of education, including where

and how learning takes place, as well as the roles of students and teachers in the learning process.

Mbah (2010) indicated that the new impact of ICT on learning is related to the use of digital

media, primarily computers and the internet, to facilitate teaching and learning. It was stated that

students have a positive attitude toward ICTs and use them to facilitate learning, though male

students are more favorable toward ICT usage and are more likely to find that ICTs aid in their

studies. As a result, students' study habits are constantly changing based on the type of ICT they

use to help them study.

CHAPTER III
 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents a description of the research design selection, description of

respondents, research locale, as well as the research instrument, data collection procedure and the

statistical treatments that will be used in the study

Research Design

In this study, the researchers will used a descriptive research method which involves

identification of attributes of a particular phenomenon based on an observational basis, or the

exploration of correlation between two or more phenomena according to Creswell (2002). This

research design is selected to help the researchers on the interpretation and analyzation of the

collected data from the respondents.

Respondents of the Study

The respondents of this study focuses on the Grade 12 senior high school students of

Palawan State University – Taytay Campus, specifically the students from different strand under

Academic track which includes the STEM, ABM and HUMSS strand, as well as the students

from Technical Vocational Livelihood track (TVL). The respondents of the study will consist the

total of fifty (50) students that will be selected through random sampling procedure.

Research Locale

The study will be conducted at Poblacion, Taytay, Palawan focusing on the students of
Palawan State University – Taytay Campus as a respondents wherein, the said university is

located Sorillo Street, Poblacion, Taytay, Palawan. This place was selected for knowing the

efficiency of the study among the senior high school students.

Instrument of the Study

To provide and gather as much as formative and relative evaluation, a descriptive

method was used. In order to gather the needed data from the respondents, the researchers will

use survey questionnaires online using Google forms and distribute it to the respondents via

Facebook and Messenger application. A survey questionnaire will be used as the main data-

gathering instrument for this study. It will be divided into two main sections: the demographic

profile of the respondents and the questionnaire proper. The profile contains socio-demographic

characteristics of the students such as age, gender and strand.

Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers will construct a survey questionnaire that are based upon the statement of

the problem as well as supported by the review of related literature of the study. In order to

gather the necessary data from the respondents, the researcher will first, send a letter of

permission to the school head for conducting survey to the senior high school students of

Palawan State University – Taytay Campus online, through Gmail application for more

formality. The researcher will proceed on the data gathering from the respondents and from then,

the researchers will analyse, interpret and will start to create a result and conclusion of the study.

Statistical Treatment of Data

 As soon as the necessary data are gathered, the researchers will compile, sort-out,

organize and tabulate the collected data from the respondents. They will be the subject to

statistical treatment in order to answer questions proposed in the study. Statistical treatment of

data is essential to make use of the data in the right form. The organization of the data is equally

important so that appropriate conclusions can be drawn.

Frequency and Percentage Distribution

A frequency and percentage distribution is a display of data that specifies the percentage

of observations to that exist for each data point or grouping of data. The process of creating

frequency and percentage distribution involves identifying the total number of observations to be

presented and counting the total number of observations within data point or grouping data

points.

FORMULA:

f
P= x 100
N

Where:

P= percentage

f= frequency

N= number of respondents