ADMINISTRATION OF IV FLUIDS or other similarly sized 2. 0.

33% NaCl
molecules.
- One of the invasive HYPERTONIC SOLUTION
procedures CRYSTALLOIDS - These are solutions with
higher solute (salt)
INTRAVENOUS (IV) THERAPY - Contain electrolytes but lack concentration than in normal
the large proteins and cells of the body and the
- It is giving of liquid blood.
molecules found in colloids.
substances directly to a vein
- Fluid inside the cell will
with the use of catheter or BLOOD AND BLOOD
move outside. Thus the cells
cannula. PRODUCTS will shrink. These are used to
replace electrolytes in clients
- Most of the time, IV therapy - Blood and blood products with hyponatremia and treat
is given to replace fluid loss (e.g., platelets, packed red certain types of shock.
and maintain balance of blood cells, plasma) are most Ex. 1. D5W in normal saline solution.
normal volume of fluid in desirable fluids for 2. D5W in half normal saline
replacement. 3. D10W
the body.
TYPES OF IV SOLUTION VARIOUS INTRAVENOUS
- IVF are infused to meet the DELIVERY METHODS
objectives of providing the ISOTONIC - It can be continuous,
balance between liquids HYPOTONIC intermittent, or direct.
inside the body. HYPERTONIC
1. Continuous primary line
TONICITY- is a relative
concentration of solutes dissolved in - A patient with continuous
INTRAVENOUS FLUIDS (IVF)
solution which determine the direction primary line has only one
and extent of diffusion; these are fluid in either hand or other
- Chemically prepared
isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic parts of the body.
solutions tailored to the
solution.
body’s needs and used to Purpose: To maintain
replace lost fluid and/or aid ISOTONIC SOLUTION continuous infusion serum
in the delivery of IV levels.
medications. - A solution that has the same
solute (salt) concentration as 2. Continuous infusion
INDICATONS OF INTRAVENOUS the normal cells of the body through secondary line
THERAPY and the blood.
- Patient has two IV fluids in
1. Maintenance of hydration - This allows free movement of one hand.
2. Parenteral nutrition water without the dilution of
solutes on either sites of cells Purpose:
3. Chemotherapy and other - To allow continuous infusion of two
and keep cells functioning
drugs or more compatible admixtures
properly.
4. Transfusion of blood and - To abruptly stop admixture without
blood components. Ex. 1.0.9% sodium chloride infusing the remaining drug in the IV
2. Lactated ringer tubing.
TYPES OF INTRAVENOUS 3. Blood component
FLUIDS 4. D5W 3. Intermittent infusion using
saline lock
1. COLLOIDS HYPOTONIC SOLUTION
2. CRYSTALLOIDS - A solution with a lower Purpose:
solute (salt) concentration - To provide constant venous access in
3. BLOOD AND BLOOD
than in normal cells of the a patient who doesn’t need a
PRODUCTS continuous infusion.
body and the blood.
COLLOIDS 4. Intermittent infusion using
- Because of the osmotic
pressure, water diffuses into piggyback method
- IV fluids that contain solutes
the cell, and the cell often
in the form of large proteins appears bloated. Purpose:
Ex. 1. 0.45% NaCl -To administer drugs that are given
over short periods at varying intervals
(such as antibiotics & gastric-secretion b. Over-the-needle the sizes of the catheters or
inhibitors) Catheter needles
- to provide long term
5. Intermittent infusion using
therapy for an active or For the adults, the gauge 20 or
a volume-control set
-Usually given to children or pediatric agitated patient the pink color injection port is the
clients -commonly seen in the most commonly use cannula
- There is volumetric set which is
being connected to the IV line
clinical area
For children, we are using the
gauge 22. And for Neonates or
Purpose: PARTS OF IV
-To infuse a low volume of fluid newborns the most commonly used
CANNULA
-To treat infants and children with cannula is the gauge 26
cardiopulmonary problems (more Flash back chamber
prone to fluid overload)

6. Direct injection into a vein Venisystems or IV Tubing

(no fusion line)
- where you connect the IV
Purpose:
-To administer a non-vesicant drug
tubing
with a low risk of immediate adverse
effects to a patient with no other I.V. Let us remember that for every
needs (for ex. Out patients requiring venisystem or IV tubing there are
I.V contrast injections) two types. Which are the micro
sets and the other one is the
7. Direct injection through an
existing infusion line ( IV macro set. Micro set has a needle
push) in the chamber and is being used
by pediatric clients
Purpose:
-To administer a drug that’s We also use IV pole or stand
incompatible with an IV solution and
that must be given as a bolus injection. and also the IV fluids.
-To achieve an immediate drug effect
in emergencies (ex. Epinephrine) IV fluids
- where you can see D5 water- red
Since you will be assisting
backflow of blood during D5 NaCl-yellow
the staff nurses during
insertion once you hit the D5 NM- orange
venipuncture or IV fluid
vein PNSS- green
administration you need to prepare
the materials and of course you can PLR- dark blue
Catheter hub or wings D5 0.3 NaCl- light blue
do the priming of the IV tubings
D5 LR- pink
prior to insertion - This is where the nurse
D5 IMB- violet
will hold on during
MATERIALS NEEDED FOR insertion of cannula while
VENIPUNCTURE Aside from the said
supporting the lower lock equipment, we will be using also
1. IV Cannula or plug. Once removed, IV the especially for pediatric clients,
- It has 2 types of IV tubings will be connected tourniquet, hypo allergenic
cannula here then you can have plaster, gauze or dressing,
already your IV therapy splint/arm board tower or pad,
a. Winged steel needle and cotton balls with alcohol for
Talking about needles or IV
- to provide short term disinfecting the site
Catheter, there are different sizes
therapy for a cooperative
of cannula and remember that PRIMING IV TUBING (Book pp.
adult patient
higher the number the smaller 319)
ASSISTING STAFF NURSE IN 9. Check again the site after
INSERTION 10 minutes

1. During insertion, hold the

hand or the site. 10. Record volume infused
on the INO sheet.
2. Assist the staff nurse during
positioning of the hand

3. Offer the necessary materials

while the staff nurse is doing
the procedure. Like offering
the IV cannula

4. Prepare ahead the plaster

5. After that, you have to count

the drops per minute for to
about 1 full minute and this
is what we call the regulation
of the IV fluids

IVF TERMINATION
(DISCONTINUATION)

- Gather equipment (plaster,

cotton balls and O.S (?),
gloves)
- Wash hands and don gloves
- Explain procedure
- Turn off infusion if present

1. Verify doctor’s order

2. Slowly remove the

adhesive plaster (there
are times that you need
to moisten it with cotton
balls with alcohol, to
loosen it from sticking)

3. As soon as it’s removed,

you now place the sterile
OS or gauze over the site

4. Press it to about 3
minutes

5. Secure it with a plaster

6. observe site for redness,

swelling, hematoma

7. Appropriately dispose
equipment and gloves

8. Wash hands