Data Communication And

Computer Networks
21COMP12I – Computer Engineering

Lecture 1 -Introduction To Computer

Networks

Assoc. Prof. / Sally Elghamrawy

 Module Leader

Associate Professor
Computers Engineering
IEEE Member

Head of Communications & Computers Engineering Department -Associate Professor in

Computers Engineering – IEEE Member
Email: sally_elghamrawy@ieee.org, Sally.Elghamrawy@bue.edu.eg
ORCID: 0000-0002-5430-390X
Google Scholar Page: https://scholar.google.com.eg/citations?user=7LR17dMAAAAJ&hl=en
SCOPUS Page: https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=55253878100
ResearchGate Page: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sally_Elghamrawy
 MODULE TEAM

Module Leader : Assoc. Prof. / Sally Elghamrawy

• Office: building A, Part timers room – third floor.
 Email: sally_elghamrawy@ieee.org , Sally.Elghamrawy@bue.edu.eg.

TA – Amira
 This Module contains 2 main parts:
Part I: Introduction To Computer Networks
 Chapter 1: Data Communications And Network Designs.
 Data Communications - Network Design – Network Management – Examples Of Lan's And WAN'S – Switching -
The Internet
 Chapter 2: Introduction To Network Reference Models
 OSI and TCP/IP Models – Encapsulation and Decapsulation - Protocol Data Unit (PDU) – Addressing
Part II: Layers In The OSI Model
 Chapter 3: Application Layer
 Domain Name System - Remote Logging, Electronic Mail, And File Transfer - Www And Http -
Network Management: SNMP - Multimedia
 Chapter 4: Presentation Layer
 Chapter 5: Session Layer
 Chapter 6: Transport Layer
 Process-to-process Delivery: UDP, TCP, And SCTP - Congestion Control And Quality Of Service.
 Chapter 7: Network Layer
 Network Layer: Logical Addressing - Network Layer: Internet Protocol - Network Layer: Address
Mapping, Error Reporting, And Multicasting - Network Layer: Delivery, and Routing
 Chapter 8: Data Link Layer
 Error Detection And Correction -Data Link Control - Multiple Access - Wired LANS: Ethernet -
Wireless LANS - Connecting LANS, Backbone Networks, And Virtual LANS -Wireless Wans.
 Chapter 9: Physical Layer
 Data And Signals -Digital Transmission -Analog Transmission - Bandwidth Utilization: Multiplexing
Week No. Lecture Sections (Tutorial /Practical)
Chapter/Topic Chapter/Topic
1 Chapter 1: Data Communications and Network Designs. Off
Data Communications - Network Design – Network Management – Examples of LAN's and WAN's –
Switching - The Internet
2 Chapter 1: Data Communications and Network Designs. Communications and Network
Data Communications - Network Design – Network Management – Examples of LAN's and WAN's – Designs
Switching - The Internet
3 Chapter 2: Introduction to network Reference Models Introduction to network
OSI and TCP/IP Models – Encapsulation and Decapsulation - Protocol Data Unit (PDU) – Addressing Reference Models
4 Chapter 2: Introduction to network Reference Models Encapsulation and Decapsulation -
OSI and TCP/IP Models – Encapsulation and Decapsulation - Protocol Data Unit (PDU) – Addressing Protocol Data Unit (PDU) – Addressing
5 Chapter 3: Application Layer Lab Assignment
1 experiment
6 Chapter 4: Cont. Application Layer - Session Layer - Chapter 5: Presentation Layer Application Layer
7 In Class Test
8 Chapter 6: Transport Layer :Process-to-Process Delivery: UDP, TCP, and SCTP - Congestion Control Transport Layer
and Quality of Service.
9 Chapter 6: Transport Layer :Process-to-Process Delivery: UDP, TCP, and SCTP - Transport Layer
Congestion Control and Quality of Service.
10 Chapter 7: Network Layer : Network Layer: Logical Addressing - Network Layer: Internet Network Layer
Protocol - Network Layer: Address Mapping, Error Reporting, and Multicasting - Network Layer:
Delivery, and Routing
11 Chapter 7: Network Layer : Network Layer: Logical Addressing - Network Layer: Internet
Protocol - Network Layer: Address Mapping, Error Reporting, and Multicasting - Network Layer:
Lab Assignment
Delivery, and Routing 2 experiments
12 Chapter 8: Data Link Layer : Error Detection and Correction -Data Link Control - Multiple Access - Data Link Layer
Wired LANs: Ethernet -Wireless LANs - Connecting LANs, Backbone Networks, and Virtual LANs - Physical Layer
Wireless WANs
Chapter 9: Physical Layer : Data and Signals -Digital Transmission -Analog Transmission -
Bandwidth Utilization: Multiplexing and Spreading - Transmission Media - Switching - Virtual Circuit
Networks
13 Revision Week
MODULE ASSESSMENT STRATEGY
In-class assessments

• ILOS assessed: a3, b3, d2 of module specification.

• Individual in-class assignments: 20% of total module mark.

• In-class assignments will be carried during lecture in 60 min on : week 8.

Lab assignments

• ILOS assessed: c2, d1 of module specification.

• Laboratory assignments: 20% of total module mark

• Project delivery and discussion will be held on: week 11

Unseen Exam

• ILOS assessed: A1, A2, B1, B2 and C1 of module specification.

• Individual unseen exam: 60% of total module mark.

• Unseen exam is 2hrs long at end of semester.

LECTURE POLICY
• You are not allowed to attend the lecture after 15 mins of its start.
• No one is allowed to leave early before session finishes.
• If you have any question, it is preferable to ask it after the lecture or at the
end of it.
• Don’t attend the lecture just for attendance, it won’t help you. Try to gain
knowledge.

RULES AND REGULATIONS

• E-learning documents and announcements, or mails Sent are
responsibility of student to check them.
• Raise your hand before asking any question on the zoom meeting.
• No recording is allowed.
READING LIST
Main Text Book:
• Forouzan, B. A., “Data Communications And Networking”, 5th
Edition, Mcgraw Hill, 16 May 2012.
Additional Reading Textbook:
• Wendell Odom , “CCNA Routing and Switching 200-125 Official
Cert Guide Library”, Cisco Press; 1 edition ‫و‬August 5, 2016
• S. Tanenbaum, “Computer Networks”, 4th Edition, Prentice Hall,
2003.
LECTURE 1: AGENDA

• Introduction to Data Communications and Computer Networks:

• Network Definition
• Data Communication System
• Communication Data Flow
• Network Connection Type
• Network Components
• Hardware
• Software
• Questions
1.
Introduction to Data
Communications and
Computer Networks
DATA COMMUNICATIONS
DEFINITION
Data communications are the exchange of data between two devices via some
form of transmission medium such as a wire cable.

A data communication system consists of a number of independent

Computerized devices within moderate size geographic area
communicated directly with each other over shared physical channel
and software (Network operating system) to provide services of
communications.
Data Communications System
A data communications system has five components, as shown in figure.
1. Message.
The message is the information (data) to be communicated. Popular forms of information include text, numbers,
pictures, audio, and video.
2. Sender.
The sender is the device that sends the data message. It can be a computer, workstation, telephone handset, video
camera, and so on.
3. Receiver.
The receiver is the device that receives the message.
4. Transmission medium.
The transmission medium is the physical path by which a message travels from sender to receiver. Some examples
of transmission media include twisted-pair wire, coaxial cable, fiber-optic cable, and radio waves.
5. Protocol.
A protocol is a set of rules that govern data communications. It represents an agreement between the
communicating devices.
NETWORKS IMPORTANCE
Data network is a result of business need.
• Easy access and sharing of information
• Sharing of expensive devices and network resources
• File Sharing - Peripheral Sharing - Software Sharing with
multi-user licenses
• Modern Technologies (IP telephony, Video
Conferencing, …. etc.).
• Shared Internet Access.
NETWORK CRITERIA
The most important criteria a network must fulfil are:
• Performance
Evaluated by two networking metrics: throughput and delay.
Throughput: It is the number of bits that can be transmitted over the network in a certain period
of time

• Reliability
Measured by the frequency of failure, the time it takes a link to recover from a
failure, and the network’s robustness in a disaster.
• Security
Includes protecting data from unauthorized access, protecting data from
damage and development, and implementing policies and procedures for
recovery from data losses .
 NODES , PATHS AND LINKS

In the above figure, Consider:

• The circles as nodes (e.g. Cities, stations,
airports, computers).

• The lines between circles considered as

links (roads, railways, electronic wires,
fiber optics). (example AC or BD).
• The path is the connection between two
nodes formed of one or more links
(example: the path between node A and G
is: AC, CD, DF, FG) Contains how many
links?
Find ALL available paths from node 3 to 10?
COMMUNICATION DATA FLOW
Communication between two devices can be:
• Simplex
Transfer data in one direction only

• Half duplex
Transfer data in both directions but not simultaneously

• Full duplex
Transfer data in both sides simultaneously
LECTURE 1: AGENDA

• Introduction to Data Communications and Computer Networks:

• Network Definition
• Data Communication System
• Communication Data Flow
• Network Connection Type
• Network Components
• Hardware
• Software
• Questions
2.
Network Components
 Network Components
Network Components

Hardware Software

Transmission Media Devices

Network Application Network
Interface Card
Operating
System
Wired Wireless Network
End Devices
Devices

Network Access Internetworking

Repeater Router
 Hub
Bridge
Switch
HARDWARE COMPONENTS
1) Shared Channel (Transmission Media):
Media that physically connect the computers and network devices
It can be:
a) Wired (cables) such as :
▪ Metallic wires - encoding into patterns of electrical impulses.
▪ Fiber optics – encoding into pulses of light (infrared or visible light
ranges)
b)Wireless (air) which encoding patterns of electromagnetic waves. Such
as :
• Infrared. Bluetooth. Radio waves Microwaves.
HARDWARE COMPONENTS (CONT.)
2) NIC (Network Interface Card):
• The hardware that plugs into the motherboard and directly
access the network.
3) Devices:
A) End devices:
▪ Source of applications (network aware applications).
▪ Such as : workstations, pcs , servers, printers…etc.
B) Network devices:
▪ Devices that interconnect different computers together.
▪ Ex: repeaters, hub, bridge, switch, router, NIC and modems
HARDWARE COMPONENTS (CONT.)
• Network devices can be categorized into:
I. Network access devices: provide connectivity to the network such
as:
▪ Hub: device allows different nodes to communicate with each
other.
▪ Switch: allow different nodes to communicate with each other at
the same time without slowing each other down.
II. Internetworking devices: connect individual networks such as:
▪ Router: allow different networks to communicate with each other
HARDWARE COMPONENTS (CONT.)
• NIC:
 Hub:
HARDWARE COMPONENTS (CONT.)
• SWITCH:
 Router:
ASSIGNMENT 1

1. Suggest a suitable type of link and write the reason(s) for your choice:
Email – send / receive