RPH REVIEWER

Cry of Pugad Lawin

From 1908 until 1963, the official historical record was  Parents: Josefa Dizon, Mariano Jacinto
that the cry occurred on August 26 in Balintawak. It was  Education: Colegio de San Juan de Letran,
known in history as the Cry of Balintawak. University of Santo Tomas Faculty of Civil Law,
What is the meaning of “Cry”? University of Santo Tomas
• For his 1956 book The Revolt of the Masses PROCOPIO BONIFACIO
Teodoro Agoncillo defined "the Cry" as the tearing  Born c. 1873
of cedulas.  Tondo, Manila, Captaincy General of the
• Other definition, the “Cry” could also mean the Philippines
first skirmish of the revolution. In Spanish  Died May 10, 1897 (aged 23–24)
historical sources, term "Cry" is translated from  Maragondon, Cavite, Captaincy General of the
the Spanish el grito de rebelion (cry of rebellion) Philippines
or el grito for short.  Cause of death Execution
 Nationality Filipino
The Cry of Pugadlawin  Other names Pio, Pisaw
by Pio Valenzuela (August 23, 1896)  Procopio was said to have married a woman from
DR. PIO VALENZUELA Mindoro whom he met while organizing the
 Born: 11 July 1869, Valenzuela Katipunan chapter in the island
 Died: 6 April 1956, Valenzuela TEODORO PLATA
 Spouse: Marciana Castro  Born: 1866, Tondo
 Children: Arturo Castro Valenzuela, Diego Castro  Died: 6 February 1897, Manila
Valenzuela, MORE  Spouse: Espiridiona Bonifacio (m. 1893–1896)
 Parents: Francisco Valenzuela, Lorenza CRY OF PUGADLAWIN
Alejandrino  Andres Bonifacio, Jacinto, Procopio Bonifacio,
 Education: Colegio de San Juan de Letran, Plata and Del Rosario arrived in Balintawak on
University of Santo Tomas August 19 while Valenzuela came on August 20,
 a physician and revolutionary leader 1896
 he joined the Katipunan at the age of 23  500 members of the Katipunan met on August 22,
 A member of the Katipunan Supreme Council and 1896 at the house and yard of Apolonio Samson at
former emissary of the katipunan to Rizal in Kangkong. Including Briccio Pantas, Alejandro
Dapitan Santiago, Ramon Bernardo, Apolonio Samson and
ANDRES BONIFACIO others.
 Born: 30 November 1863, Tondo  Outcome: no resolutions was debated on or
 Died: 10 May 1897, Maragondon adopted.
 Full name: Andrés Bonifacio y de Castro  Juan Ramos, the Son of Melchora Aquino, over
 Spouse: Gregoria de Jesús (m. 1893–1897), 1,000 members of the katipunan met and carried
Monica Bonifacio (m. 1880–1890) out considerable debate and discussion on August
 Siblings: Procopio Bonifacio, Espiridiona 23, 1896 at Pugadlawin.
Bonifacio, Troadio Bonifacio, Maxima Bonifacio,  Main idea: Whether or not the revolution against
Ciriaco Bonifacio the Spanish Government should be Started on
 Parents: Catalina de Castro, Santiago Bonifacio August 26, 1896.
EMILIO JACINTO  Teodoro Plata negated the idea
 Born: 15 December 1875, Tondo They tore their cedulas and shouted, “Long live the
 Died: 16 April 1899, Majayjay Philippines”
 Nickname: The brain of the Katipunan In 1940, a research team of the Philippines Historical
 Full name: Emilio Jacinto y Dizon Committee, which included Pio Valenzuela, identified the
precise spot of Pugad Lawin as part of sitio Gulod, Banlat,  Spouse: Julio Nakpil (m. 1898–1943),
Kalookan City. Andrés Bonifacio (m. 1893–1897)
In 1964, the NHI’s Minutes of the Katipunan referred  Children: Juan Nakpil
to the place of the Cry as Tandang Sora’s and not as Juan  Parents: Baltazara Alvarez Francisco, Nicolás de
Ramos’ house, and the date as 23 August. Jesús
Valenzuela memoirs (1964, 1978) corrected that the  Gregoria Álvarez de Jesús, also known as Aling
Cry took place on 23 August at the house of Juan Ramos at Oriang, “Lakambini ng
Pugad Lawin. The NHI was influenced by Valenzuela’s Katipunan”, was the founder and vice-president of the
memoirs and it was supported by Teodoro Agoncillo. women's chapter of the Katipunan of the Philippines.
President Diosdado Macapagal ordered that the Cry  She was also the custodian of the documents and
be celebrated on 23 August and that Pugad Lawin be seal of the Katipunan.
recognized as its site. CRY OF KALOOKAN
 The activities of the Katipunan had reached nearly
The Cry of Bahay Toro all corners of the Philippine archipelago. When its
August 24, 1896 existence was discovered and some of the
By Santiago Alvarez members were arrested. We immediately
SANTIAGO ALVAREZ returned to Kalookan.
 Born: 25 July 1872, Imus  As we were closely watched by the agents of the
 Died: 30 October 1930, San Pablo City Spanish authorities. Andres Bonifacio and other
 known as the "kidlat ng apoy" Katipuneros left the town after some days. It was
 Santiago Virata Álvarez was a revolutionary then that the uprising began, with the first cry of
general and a founder and honorary president of freedom on August 25,1896.
the first directorate of the Nacionalista Party.  Gregoria De Jesus was with her parents through
 One of the Magdiwang chapter of the katipunan her friends. She learned that the Spanish are
in Cavite coming to arrest her immediately. She fled the
 Not present when the events took place town at 11 o’clock at night and she secretly going
CRY OF BAHAY TORO through the rice fields to La Loma, with the
Sunday, August 23, 1896 intention of returning to Manila.
 “As early as 10 o’ clock in the morning at the barn  She was treated like an apparition. For every
of Kabesang Melchora (Aquino), at a place called house where she tried to take some rest. She was
Sampalukan, barrio of Bahay Toro, Katipuneros driven away as if the people therein were
met together. About 500 of these arrived, ready frightened for their own lives. She found out that
and eager to join the “Supremo” Andres Bonifacio the occupants of the house which she visited,
and his men. were seized, and severely punished and some
Monday, August 24, 1896 even exiled. And one of them is her uncle whom
 There were about 1,000 Katipuneros… The she had visited that night to kiss his hand and he
Supremo decided to hold a meeting inside the big died in exiled.
barn. Under his leadership, the meeting began at The Cry of Balintawak
10 o’ clock in the morning. by Captain Olegario Diaz
 It was 12 o’ clock noon when the meeting Commander of the Guardia Civil Veterana in Manila
adjourned amidst loud cries of “Long live the Sons August 25, 1896
of the Country!”  Among the Spanish Guardia Civil
The Cry of Kalookan  The Katipunan leader and Bonifacio's friend.
By Gregoria De Jesus  Not present when the events took place
August 25, 1896 CRY OF BALINTAWAK
GREGORIA DE JESUS  August 23 when Bonifacio and his followers
 Born: 9 May 1875, Caloocan moved to the barrio of Balintanac (Balintawak)
 Died: 15 March 1943, Manila
  More than 5000 attended the meeting in  in 1961 he narrated his story which appeared in
Balintawak an issue of 'The Evening News'
The Cry of Balintawak  He said that "The Cry" was on August 26 and not
by Guillermo Masangkay on any other date.
(August 26, 1896)  He was 12 years old when the event happened
GUILLERMO MASANGKAY  His father was a leader of the Katipunan.
 Born: 25 June 1867, Tondo Don Apolonio Samson
 Died: 30 May 1963  Cousin of Don Vicente Samson
 A friend and adviser of Andres Bonifacio was born  One of the richest men in Balintawak at that time
on June 25, 1867 in Tondo, Manila. Masangkay, Simplocio Acabo
one of the first members of the Katipunan, played  Neighbor of the samsons
a key role in the Filipino-American War as a  tries to seize one of the enemy rifles and was killed
revolutionary general.  the first who died in the revolution according to
CRY OF BALINTAWAK Don Vicente.
 In the article, "A Katipunero Speaks“, Masangkay On the morning of August 26 the discussion on the
recounts the "Cry of Balintawak", stating that on revolution became more heated than usual
August 26,1896, a big meeting was held in Katipuneros were only armed with bolos, spears,
Balintawak at the house of Apolonio Samson, crude guns called sulsulin and arkonite
then the cabeza of that barrio of Caloocan. The Spanish forces returned to Balintawak and
Nine o’ clock in the morning of August 26 instituted repressive measures against the inhabitants
 The meeting was opened with Andres Bonifacio According to Don Vicente, "Don't ever believed in the
presiding and Emilio Jacinto acting as secretary stories that the first fight happened in the other places.
 Agenda was to discuss when the uprising was to They were just made up to distort the true story of the
take place revolution."
 Teodoro Plata, Briccio Pantas and Pio Valenzuela
opposed to starting the revolution to early
 Pledge of Revolt
 Initially, the leaders of the movement quarreled
over strategy and tactics, and many of its
members questioned the wisdom of an
openrebellion due to the lack of arms and
logistical support.
 However, after Bonifacio’s intense and convincing
speech, everyone destroyed their cedulas to
symbolize their defiance towards Spain and,
together, raised the cry of “Revolt".
The Cry of Balintawak Notes:
By: Vincent Samson (August 26, 1896)  These versions are presented to let
Vicente Samson people/individuals be informed on the time and
place the Philippine Revolution started.
 12 years old that time
 The Filipinos were organized to meeting one
 An old man, his mid-seventies in 1961
place despite the little chance of communication
 One of the most respected and most popular
and much greater chance of capture. A gathering
figures in Balintawak
of people who were willing to risk their lives for
 Undefeated barrio lieutenant of Barrio Balingay
independence.
 One of the few surviving people at the time who
actually witness "The Cry of Balintawak" in 1896
and the first encounter between the katipuneros
and the Spaniards
 1898 Philippine Independence
Spanish-American War • Lawyer, confidant, and adviser of Aguinaldo
• 1895-Spain was trying to subdue the Cuban • Finished is law degree in UST and practiced his
revolution profession in Manila
• American became so involved in this war until it • Member of La Liga Filipina
resulted to sending its army to Manila to help • Imprisoned during the outbreak of Philippine
Aguinaldo win the battle against Spain to free Revolution
Philippines from occupation • He also became a member of the Malolos
• General Emilio Aguinaldo had negotiations with Congress
Mr. E. Spencer Pratt (US Consul General) when he Philippines Independence Proclamation
was in Singapore for an offer to support the On June 12, between 4:00-5:00 in the afternoon,
Philippines in fighting Spain Aguinaldo proclaimed the Independence of the
• United States would then recognize Philippine Philippines at Cavite el Viejo (now Kawit) in front of a huge
Independence after the defeat of Spain crowd
Battle of Manila (1898) Also the time the Philippine National Flag was
• Commodore Dewey with his naval squadron officially hoisted and the Philippine National March
attacked the Spanish forces in Manila (Anthem) was played publicly
• Casualties of 160 Spaniards and 210 men Meaning of PH flag according to the The Act of Declaration
wounded of Philippine Independence
• May 19, 1898-Aguinaldo arrived in Cavite and • 3 STARS – Luzon, Panay, Mindanao
urged the Filipinos to join the Americans in this • WHITE TRIANGLE – Katipunan, it also refers to the
common struggle "Eye of Providence", the all-seeing eye which
Draft of Constitution in Hongkong went on to inspire the Katipunan's ideology.
-When Aguinaldo arrived from Hong Kong, he brought • 8 RAYS - The 8 rays symbolize the first 8 Tagalog
with him a draft of a constitutional plan drawn up by provinces that revolted against Spanish colonial
Mariano Ponce – establish Federal Republic rule: Manila, Cavite, Bulacan, Pampanga, Nueva
• May 24, 1898- advice of Ambrosio Rianzares Ecija, Laguna, Tarlac (BATAAN), and Batangas.
Bautista; a dictatorial government was • COLORS - The designers of the flag decided to use
pushed through instead the same colors of the United States flag – red,
• He established this government to revoke the blue, and white – to honor its "disinterested
authority of the Biak-na-Bato Republic and protection" of the Philippines
unite the revolutionary forces The Philippines has more than one Independence
The Act of Declaration of Philippine Independence Declaration:
Acta dela Proclamacion de Independencia del 1. In the Cave of Pamitinan Montalban, Rizal on
Pueblo Filipino April 12., 1895.
• primary source that we can use when we speak of 2. Cry of Pugadlawin in August 1896.
the proclamation of Philippine Independence 3. When Aguinaldo issued two manifestos on
• a 21-page document and signed by 98 persons October 31, 1896.
who witnessed the proclamation and one on them 4. Proclamation in Kawit, Cavite
was an American by the name of L.M. Johnson 5. October 14, 1943 during the Japanese
• includes the list of grievances against Spain and Occupation
the important events during the Spanish 6. July 4, 1946 in Manila
occupation why do we commemorate June 12, 1898?
• act was translated to English by Sulpicio Guevarra • May 12, 1962, President Diosdado
Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista Macapagal issued Proclamation No. 28
• Born in Binan Laguna which declares June 12 as special public
• Authored the Acta dela Proclamacion de holiday
Independencia del Pueblo Filipino.
 • August 4, 1964 Republic Act No. 4166 Contribution and Relevance of Documents in
renamed July 4 as “Republic Day” and Understanding the Grand Narrative of Philippine History
June 12 as “Philippine Independence Day” 1. The Act of Declaration of Philippine
The Malolos Constitution Independence transformed us into a nation
August 1898- General Emilio Aguinaldo transferred the and made us enjoy freedom and rights.
government’s seat of power from Bacoor Cavite to 2. We now appreciate symbols/design of
Malolos, Bulacan and used the Malolos Cathedral Philippine flag and relevance of national
He wanted a government without foreign invasion anthem.
From September 4-10, 1898- Aguinaldo completed the 3. It made us understand the role of constitution
appointment of the Philippine Congress which would form in establishing a democratic government.
the Philippine Constitution Notes:
September 15, 1898- Revolutionary Congress was • It was Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista and not
inaugurated at the Barasoain Church in Malolos Aguinaldo who read the proclamation and
total of 93 representatives took part in the waived the Philippine Flag in Kawit, Cavite on
Congress and 35 of them were directly elected June 12, 1898.
Three proposals were (drafts) submitted for constitution. • The Philippine flag (Sun and Stars) made by
• Mabini plan - constitutional program of the Marcella Agoncillo was first unfurled in the
Philippine Republic. Battle of Alapan (a barrio in Imus, Cavite)
• Paterno plan - based on Spanish Constitution of • The Philippine National Anthem was composed
1868. by Julian Felipe.
• Calderon plan – based on the constitutions of • Act declared that the Filipinos “are and have the
France, Belgium, Mexico, Costa Rica, Guatemala, right to be free and independent,” and that the
Nicaragua, and Brazil nation from” this day commences to have a life
It was Calderon’s Plan that was approved by the of its own, with every political tie between
Congress and the discussion about the constitution Filipinas and Spain severed and annulled”
lasted until November 29, 1898. • The Act of Declaration was not recognized by the
Malolos Constitution was enacted on January 21, United States and Spain since Philippines was
1899. ceded to US in the amount of Php20M based on
the Treaty of Paris in 1898.
Republic was inaugurated on January 23, 1899 at
the Barasoain Church Malolos Bulacan. • Felipe Calderon is also known as “The Father of
Malolos Constitution”
>>>This was the first republic in Asia.
 Cavite Mutiny
Nationalism • The regular feel resentful about A royal decree
• loyalty and devotion to a nation. (Merriam- which grant the secular priest take over the
Webster) administration from the regular friars.
• it as being devoted to your country, or the feeling • Regular priest thinks that secular priests were
that nations should act independently instead of not qualified to take their position for the
working together. reasons that they look at Filipinos brown skin,
Secularization Movement lack of education and too little experience.
• As early as the 16th century , it was the wish of the • Monsignor Pedro Pelaez, ecclesiastical governor
King of Spain and the Pope to turn over the of the Church, sided with then Filipinos and after
country’s parishes to the secular priests. his death, other priests took his place in fighting
• Secularization was mandated under the Council of for the secularization movement. Notable among
Trent during the 16th century. them were Fathers Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos
and Jacinto Zamora.
• The involvement of Fathers Gomez, Burgos and
Zamora to the secularization movement
associated them to Cavite mutiny.
Dr. Trinidad Hermenegildo Pardo de Tavera
(April 13, 1857- March 26, 1925) born in manila,
Filipino Scientist, Historical Researcher, a Spanish
lawyer, and Government Official, His parents
belong to Spanish Nobility. He served as a
member of Taf’s Philippine Comission and
founded the Party
Captain- General Rafael de Izquierdo y Gutierez
Spanish Military Officer, Politician, and
statesman, Served as Gov. – Gen. from 1871-
1873 in the Philippines
Governor, Carlos Ma. dela Torre y Navacerrada
(1809-1879)
Spanish Soldier and politician, Served as Capt.-
Gen. of the Philippines from 1868-1871. most
beloved Spanish Capt. Gen
Mariano Gomez de los Angeles
• Conflict began when the bishops insisted on
(August 2, 1799- February 17, 1872) in Santa
visiting the parishes that were being run by
Cruz, Manila
regular priests. It was their duty, they argued, to
Filipino Catholic Priest, part of the GomBurZa,
check on the administration of these parishes.
falsely accused of mutiny by the Spanish Colonial
• Regular priests refused these visits, saying that
authorities in Philippines
they were not under the bishop’s jurisdiction.
They threatened to abandon their parishes if the Jacinto Zamora y Del Rosario
bishops persisted. (August 14, 1835- February 17, 1872) Filipino
• But Archbishop Basilio Santa Justa decided to secular priest, placed in a mock trial and
defend the diocese’s power over the parishes summarily executed in Manila
and acknowledged the resignations of the regular Jose Apolinio Burgos y Garcia
priests in 1774. (February 9, 1837- February 17, 1872) Filipino
• Secular priests were assigned as a replacement Catholic Priest, accused of Mutiny by the Spanish
to the regular priest and speed up the ordination Colonial Authorities in !9th Century. He was
of the Filipino seculars to fill all the vacancies.
 placed in a mock trial and summarily executed in 4. Attentatory of the most sacred respects
Manila towards the dethroned majesty.
5. The democratic and republican books and
Cavite Mutiny: Spanish Perspective pamphlets
Jose Montero y Vidal- a prolific Spanish historian 6. The speeches and preaching of the apostles of
documented the event and highlighted it as an attempt of these new ideas in Spain
the Indios to overthrow the Spanish government in the 7. The outburst of the American publicists and
Philippines. the criminal policy of the senseless Governor
• One of the most knowledgeable of the Spanish whom the revolutionary Government sent to
historians on the Philippines. govern the Philippines
• A Government official residing in Manila during Official Report of Governor General Rafael De Izquierdo
the 1872 Cavite Mutiny on the Cavite mutiny of 1872
• He becomes very rabid in his recital of the Cavite Izquierdo blamed the unruly Spanish Press for
episode in the Philippine History and is very “stockpiling” malicious propagandas grasped by the
positive not only in denouncing the priests who Filipinos.
were executed and the deportees as guilty but in • The “rebels” wanted to overthrow the Spanish
proclaiming their movement as actually separatist government to install a new “hari” in the likes of
in character. Fathers Burgos and Zamora.
• The native clergy enticed other participants by
giving them charismatic assurance that their fight
will not fail because God is with them.
• He lambasted the Indios as gullible and possessed
an innate propensity for stealing. Montero and
Izquierdo believed that the revolt was planned
earlier by the educated leaders, native lawyers,
Various circumstances and upset plans made the residents of Manila and Cavite and the native
conspiracy a dismal failure. clergy

According to Montero the following were the

causes of the insurrection:
1. The abolition of privileges enjoyed by the
workers of Cavite arsenal such as non-
payment of tributes and exemption from
force labor.
2. The Spanish revolution which overthrew
asecular thrones
3. The Propaganda carried on by an unbridled According to the accounts of the two, on 20 January 1872,
press against monarchical principles the district of Sampaloc celebrated the feast of the Virgin
of Loreto, unfortunately participants to the feast
celebrated the occasion with the usual fireworks displays.
Allegedly, those in Cavite mistook the fireworks as the sign
for the attack, and just like what was agreed upon, the
200-men contingent headed by Sergeant Lamadrid
launched an attack targeting Spanish officers at sight and
seized the arsenal. Reinforcement coming from manila by
order of the iron – fisted General Izquierdo easily upset
the mutineers killing Sergeant Lamadrid.

Cavite Mutiny: by Dr. Trinidad H. Pardo de Tavera Cavite Mutiny: by Edmund Plauchut
Dr. Trinidad Hermenigildo Pardo de Tavera • Governor General Carlos Maria La Torre created
• a Filipino scholar and researcher a Junta composed of some friars and Spanish
• wrote the Filipino version of the bloody incident officials, the same way the Spanish Government
in Cavite in Madrid created a committee to make a parallel
• In his point of view, the incident was a mere investigation to the problem of the Philippines.
mutiny by the native Filipino soldiers and laborers • But the arrival of General Izquierdo to replace
of the Cavite arsenal who turned out to be General La Torre put an end to the dreams of
dissatisfied with the abolition of their privileges. reforms in the Philippines.
General Izquierdo imposed several policies to repress the
liberal ideas of General la Torre.
Among them were:
➢ The suspension of the scheduled opening of
Society of Arts and Trades
➢ Withdrawal of the retirement Privileges of
the old employees of the Maestranza of the
Artillery, engineering shops and Arsenal of
Cavite.
➢ Declassifying the employees into the ranks of
those who worked on Public roads which
means they have to render service on Public
roads constructions.
Notes:
• History should be seen in a 360 degrees
perspective to know what really happens and to
eliminate bias point of view.
• One should never stop seeking for the truth.
• Martyrdom is never the same as cowardness.