AS 5100.4:2017 ocr Austration, STANDARD Bridge design Part 4: Bearings and deck joints Austroads# SAI GLOBAL LICENCE for ‘AS 8100.4 : 2017: EN : COMBINED PDF ba serene cue ea. 89 Oe SH, © team abou excontet, A uticions, Standards referenced Asta egisaton © row when aStandsrd as changed © Visieow store to find more PubatorsSpt cgrt ney pone een . ‘is Aslan ena wo repr Cortes 6, Dioo Ca. es Tecan tnar Sout sans ts on ne enon Ths Stare was pascbdon 3 arch, i 2 i i i “Tia tarda edn at on le comma BHCDAZDNE. ‘Seer Auta wr schema te pater oho woe a st tte tote dont fis Sado reheat ce ‘Sites rea pus eonme pes esoha Sanderds to-do ‘Rated Gs tre hing daomerte tht refs orca eon chen and run Torartan tc ars Sarde proach ae ‘st yao be wtdcow.Nainpcn asda: soe rare they xe ‘Sings comet San ht sles encarta ‘inne secs Sia wes ADE ‘tna sat Ason Cavdy cae snerentn ond ne proptn Doteandy sate wnowatanded rg tues Ata wanes ages ke myrerns sree ease ‘ilu eds can separatist Conn anal tnatovanda rp ote Sundae faa GF Soe 1 Spray, NEW 200,i i i i i i i i 2 § e i i gE i i : t i AS 5100.4:2017 Australian Standard® Bridge design Part 4: Bearings and deck joints Sotean maid AB E0420PREPACE “his Standard was prepared by the Standards Australia Commitee BD-C90, Bridge Desien to supersede AS $100.4—2004, “Tie Standard so designate as Ausrads publestion APACS 47 The objectives of the ASCAS/NZS) 100 series are to provide nationally acceptable requirements foe (the cexign of os, el peceston eyes pat beige, (6) the speci appieton of concrete, tel and expose steeticonerete construction, ‘nic embosy princes tat way be applied to ater materiale sy sssoeistin wath ‘elevart Sander! (©) ‘heassoament of the load capacity of existing bridges, “The objective of this Part (AS S100.) ie to specify roquirmonts for the design and ssletion of bearings and ceck joint for bidge in Aust, “The reaurements of the AS(ASINZS) 500 series ao esol on the prinsiples of stusteral redhanies and knowledg> of material properies, for both the coneoptel and detailed ‘esis to achiove ecepubie probable thatthe bridge or associated structre boing ‘designed will not become iit for use dering its design ite ‘Wneras earler editions of she Bridge design series were essentially administered ty the fnfrastactire owners and eppled to Weir own inventory, at increasing suber of biidzes fae ting bal under the desgn-consratoperte principle and being handed over w the eleva stcutory authority afer several years of operation. This Stasi includes chases {vendo 9 feltate the efcation to the Geiger of the fnctional requirements ofthe ‘ures, to eneue the longterm perforuance aad srvicesbity afte bride an sso Siguiticant ferences bette thi Standard and AS S140.4—2004 ate the flowing: @) Tables of standard slstomeri bearing properties have all been updated to aéé ‘ditional aambor of elastomer layer eno plan siz ‘The ruins fo the seating rings of pot Bearing have been odie. Spherical edvancedsompoite meteial hearings have been introduced ‘The movement range deck joints aed to be designe for have Been modified od ssibaton frm bearings to concrete sunices hes bec introduced Prajectapeciic reat emoats (Appendix B) have been add. (MBES) have been add, ith Standards Accel pliy, the words “shal” and ‘my are used consistently ‘Standird b indict, respectively, « maniary provision and an aecepabie skeratve, Statements exoresied in ariory tes In Noes to Table are deemed to be recuiements ‘tis Saad Provisions for moddar bridge expsrsion jc The tum “normative ant “nfortve’ have been used inthis Slane (0 define the pplication ofthe apps te which apples, A “normative” appre is an inter pet ffthe Sanders An invortive”appenatei only fr samt and guia.5 10 " 2 B i is 6 1" 1 20 APPENDICES AIRLIOGRAPHY. ‘CONTENTS SCOPE -cssessonnereesmnnnninannnes te [NORMATIVE REFERENCES . DEFINITIONS soeeneesnn iti NOTATION AND ABBREVIATIONS FUNCTIONS OF BEARINGS AND DECK JOINTS. ‘LOADS, MOVEMENTS AND ROTATIONS... GENERAL DESIGN REQUIREMENTS. ann. MOVEMENT RESTRAINTS: ALIGNMENT OF BEARINGS AND DECK JOINTS ANCHORAGE OF BEARINGS sta [LOADS RESULTING FROM RESISTANCE TO MOVEMENT = ELASTOMERIC BEARINOS nove POF BEARINGS: SPHERICAL AFPROVED SLIDING MATERIAL (ASM) BEARINGS. 2 PLANE SLIDING CONTACT SURFACES. MECHANICAL BEARINGS.--se+envecennonnnnevnnvnnnmrnnnneeneeenane 32 [LOAD DISTRIBLTION FROM BEARINGS TO CONCRETE ELEMENTS BEARINGS SUBIECT TO UPLIFT. DECK JOINTS ovonronnnensne MODULAR BIIDGE EXPANSION JOINTS (MED), inetd] TABLES OF STANDARD ELASTOMERIC NEARING PROPERTIES... ‘TESTING OF ELASTOMER--CATECORY I TDSTS, -MANUPACTURNG TOLERANCES FOR LAMINATED ELASTONERIC BEARINGS TESTING OF LAMINATED ELASTOMERIC BEARINGS... seesosose DESIGN REQUIREMENTS FOR MODULAR DECK JOINTS. ‘TEST PROCEDURE FOR EXPERIMENTAL NODAL ANALYSIS..-20-----_ 92‘STANDARDS AUSTRALIA ‘Australian Standard Bridge design Part 4: Bearings and deck joints 1 score, “This Standord cate out minimum design and performance requitements for bearings an desk jit forthe plies to clctomeris, pot spherical nd mechanical bearings and deck oni, all of which 1° locations where vlan oF translation or both, can take place I des mot apply concrete hinges 2. NORMATIVE REFERENCES The flowing se the normative documents reference inthis Sanda ‘NOTE; Docu eferece for informative pape ae ised in the Bbliogphy toss Methods attest er elastomers 1683.11 Method 11+ Toston testing af vulenied oe thermoplastic rer 1683.12 Method 12: Rudder, vlennied or theroplcie—Detenination oF tear ftrength (rouse angle and eercet ts pieces) 1683.14.1_ Method 14.1: Adhesive crengih of valeanied er thermoplastic rabher—One- late method 1683.15.1 Method 154oteeationa rubber bess 1680152 Method 152:Durometer hardness 168232" Method 22" Determination of vulcanization characterises using the lang dis cuemeter 83.24 Method 28° Deserination of the resistance of vulcanized or thermoplastic raters fo ovanecreking State sta test 26 Method 26° Rune, vnleaned or themepisie--Aeceleraed ageing oc 100 brie desion $1002 Pat: Design toads Stoo Puts) Canerate ANTS Iss Strano! weiding 15848 ——-Pun'St_ Melding of ec! structure eject Lehigh evel of aig oselng, an (ide te the protsstion of strvtorl steel against smogpherieeetrosion by He ae of protective ceatings ico rage ces en $106.6 Part 6: Stel ané compasite constuction Iso Hs ‘uber, vlcanze or shermoplstio—Determination o¢ compression set Hist Pati: Avamblent er elevated temperatures 150G0——_Pasties—folyerevoraetiyene (PTFE) semfiased products 150G0-1—Part Ie Raguirements and designationEN ie Strvetral earings 13578 Pans Pot bearings Asin ADADA24OMAOSD Stand Specitcation for Chromivn snd Chromium Nickel Stiless Sel Plate, Skeet and Strip for Prooture Vessels and for Genera Applications eno. Standard Test Moth for Adhesion end Cohesion of Bastomere Joint Sealarts Under Cyetie Movement (Hockman Cys), 2 3973 Standrd Specification for Elastomerc Strip Seas with Steel Locking ége tails Used in Expansion leit Sealine NcHRP Report 67 Performance Tostng for Meds Systems 3 DEFINITIONS: For the purpose ofthis Sundar, the defiion Below apply SA Bonded tyer A layer of elastomer Borced om both faces to metal ples, achieved by n vucaniaton 32 eek joint [A suuctural lscontinuy benteen two clement, atleast ane of whichis deck eleert, ‘veh is dstaned to pet relative traction or rotation, a bat, of sbuting stratum flement, 33 ta te bearing An elastomecie bearing with two or ore metal plats bonded into the eestomsr 3A Modula desk joint A Join that consists of « number of wansverse bsams and seals that ate connected > & ‘series of support mechani thet provide «large movement capably as Mh bearing A bearing made up ofa siege unbonded layer of clastomes. 36 Pot bearing A beeing thet caroa vet ‘toe eslndsr and which 27 Rated toad ‘The calealeted mexinu peemissible compressive lond tha is ald to Bearing wien {is subjected atthe same tne (0 specified shes sirain tnd etation, AA Sembbonded baer ‘A liyerof elastomer boned on ne ice a neta pte, 3. Spberieal tewing Beating consisting of a pate with & convex spherical sirfice anda plate witha concave sesca serface beeen whieh afow fietion sheet and @ mating mater Yor eaves sliding sarc 3 fond by compression ofan clasomerie dive confined in onmedtes rotation by angus deformation ofthe ds,3:10 Strip nearing {A pin bearing pat in whshthe length more then 10 ties the with 3.11 Unbonded layer ‘A single ayer of stoner tat snot bonded vo mets plates 4 NOTATION AND ABEREVIATIONS A Notation “The symbols ued in this Standed are a Histod below, ales a contay intention is given the following appli (6) Where nowrdiersicnlcaios ae involved, both the mumerter end denominator are cexpresed in identical ei () The dimensional unt for length and stess in all expressions or equations ere to be Taken a miles am), Newtons (N) and regapuscals (MPa) respectively, ules speciealy nosed enews. (©) Amasersk () plc ater @ symbol asa superscript denotes « design action effect Set the design lac forte ultima init state (UL). Denton ended urge aoa reduced cont area ofthe curved siding surface [eres least plan afca nominally equal to the proved aren common ep ad boton whee ateafng is distorted tangerilly “Ae [poet com at area Cength ofthe seating tines the diemeier of he pia) “real ber pan area “Ai effective least ar oe cones sutstrce heer of the ashen plete ad te evar pod a faim dissibation sea based on dap cael rca troush the mest pad and ecnerete ‘len dinensic of he edge ofthe bonded surface of rectangular beatin osrte vo the span of Ue Lidge B__[outk modsusofeastoner Be___|vidh of erve Dea a toy ‘loons width of deal wuck res ’> [ple dimersin of the edge ofthe bonded wirfase ofa eslangule bearing [ramvere we span of tho bridge Te [lessor of and for ostanguler bearings Bi [lee dsbaton wid tthe interface of he atacheent pale and mar pad ‘iy [leeddatibuton width based on the osperson angle trough the motor pad and concrete ‘age rom te effeaive i GiGi [tonsa dependent oa bearing shape Desig ie oF the eomponent in [isn diet of eiculr beating al edge oF bonded erage[otal eonirenive defection [diameter of the elastomeric pad within the pot besring Jlametero te preectd plan ate of ti approved [ting surtace "mati (ASM) [etestive compression mod homogeneous compression module eresive rotwion radulae of elastomer sonar [veune’s modules of eaten Jscenicty ieser of te ubstate [estan com faoana ess [sess used incleulaton of ansborage of aninatd bearing vnc sess resulta ates Jftgue detail etegoy dined in AS/NZS $100.5, which she coresed etgue src (in MAP) 2 1" exeles erste suengh wed indesign nominl yield tengih af metal plies or nominel yields used ia design detail catego faigue wt chord shear nodule th teu of Tin bein cente beara at appropriate joint opening horizontal fore or star free siceaility Unit tata (SLS) 7 horizontal fers or tear fore, ie [minimum prom inate Finitstate (ULS) or longical force of sing material above tho recess in curved backing second moment of atea ofthe pla area ofthe elastomer about a axl of timate opening betvooa alge beans of a moduler dk joint eamoresive stess ofa bering Jeompresiveaitfiess ofan nadual yer» of elastomer ina Iminated carne [ert hovionn ess xan sess of boning tana sifest ofa layer persis fan elastomer raring= [effective vompresion afin [diamcer of th projeced area of the sliding materia or length of he tinder yee conto gt in dirvton paella to wate tational moment ato ofthese of rectengular laminated bearing Wa restive bad on Bering, sovicabiiy init eae (SL); or in beating Load furor of cert brane supported ona support bar [intr permanent compressive Iond normal othe bearing anchorage pe a [nina compressive load, due fo permanent ln fits, normal tthe being ancherage ‘terface concurrent with [esi ail force at utimate iit sae CLS) imum cosurrent ead acting in compression normal enckerage intiac, ulate lami tte (ULS) number oF bestngs contributing to averse tional ca The bearing umber oF atsive cytes of bacon folowing exciation nssiber of nengseontetuting to rlleving tional lead desea nvr of sess cycles caused by the design load venice orice pevinoier for lomianed csionevie Berl era desi fore Jsnnacd rebound force on the yoke ofa modular deck expansion jolt Jpusaze ofa vicel oud across the joi [support eacton atiguersitures forthe appepriate dual etogony [tine sesn or monies capeity ofa component of «medular deck joint eharotraticukinstsoheer eapacity of mechanical anchors role rocker; o rsdiur ofthe roncave seating _ [ape fate ofa yer of elastomers or fabs fete ofthe ticket inorder [asin etonetTet (ere, tres, tees ange te) For the appropiate Hit [sin aetonin gene Jnear stressfst ictnes of catom na Ininaed toasng or tisknnes of lin pod oy sp bosringsor hiscaes of te overlying conerole and permanent surfacing ayer latcenes of «cover layer of «lenge easiomerie bearing riesivethiccess ofan individual elastomer aye in cerpresion (ie [ericl tose o rotation) nicknes oF en individual ine ayer of elastomer in a laminated boning hicknes oF plea ayer of iaomer tickres of te pate nies of rial ates [nce Lond [with of sin [maximum ange of otaon hat, charge angle berseen tp and heion Isurtaces of bain eal ceeton: or [aynanic tad fang of oat on pallet othe spas of he Bridge [angle of wat on wansvere othe spun of the ride [asebaon Retr [ictors denentent onthe numbers oF Hearings mann, layaanic anpfeation fate (DAR) [downward corponen foveal ante epi ion Reto lover boupd value ofthe dynamic apiicnion etor oper bound value ofthe dynamic anpiiaton furor [upnaidcompaent Jnaximam shew displacement (agente to Geung sara nthe Ue \iension a cue to movements of tie siacire and tangential forces ro Jnaxiram shea displacement eangental to betting surface inte dration oF \Gietsion cue to movements of tie sucire and ange forces. axinum sesstant vector shear diplaetent tangential tothe beara saree, ting novencrts of he suture at imposed shea force etic oF tho laguna! Fre in the drsoton of tact the comcanert veiled etic ofthe free perponiicular tothe dvston of tafe wo the concuneak vsti! lad [ancityrduion Factor [spect edanin ctor for frton [design eapaciy of mechanical anchors eonpsesiveaiein ds to load nova ote beating srl [shear stain at edge of bonded surface Ove wo Toads nora Baring uracesTar ear sain aie of bonded surface ds to Forces tanger wo the Seeing Surface or movetet ofthe stvtare, or boll [ata stan ated of bonded surface duet eativevottion of bearing surtuces 7 [lost eter [taractersi soeiient of retin [trate ow fon cote: piverseenetTser of tion ‘A felieving coefclert of ition @_[anete of inetiration of oppesing bates strinctades wage of te curved sing surface aon _ [Pomprestve tess on ep [deviason ange rom vertical asi ofthe Hine oF stion atthe applied load ! Subscripts “he above symbols ray be nlified ty ne of more ofthe following subsp Senseripe Denton ent tage iit sae valu ts Jverage [downward component [nina prac compcat 42 Abbreviations ASM | eppeoved siding material ‘ASP | sccumated side ph cus _ | cemertne aves Dar | dynamic anptsieaion oor HEA | tnt lementanalysis Aeoqueney rorants Se nD | inematonst wiber hardnees degrees M96) | modular big expansion joint mulple support bar modular jas conty [opening movenert at vibrationelvenrmdles pre [potyieenfuorsehyiene Sis | sevicesiity imi see IS seal pathos $881 _| single apportbar moda sins urs [timate init ste 5 FUNCTIONS OF BEARINGS AND DECK JOINTS ‘Tae function of bearings is vo peovide a special connection to contol the interttion of loais and movements banven parte of the rrutrg, usually between upertrctee and ststrcters nction of dsch joins ito provide a taficabl surface acess yermaneat openings in the bridge dock batween parts ofthe deck or between deck and butane widths of such openings varying sith envionment effets, fas and movement The numberof deck joints narod bridge shall be unimized. 6 LOADS, MOVEMENTS AND ROTATIONS The Lond aed movement capabilities of bearings and deck Joints for sny beige shall be compatible withthe ascamptions mde ia the overall dekigh of the bridge ant the requirements o this Stand ‘The effets of movements of the centre of presse di to rottion at the moment emused by horizontal loads and fietion Forces shal be consideod in the dovign af bearings end it the caleultion of beating pressures on sbstrusures and auprsnutues, Movements including rotons sal be idolified fr sich ofthe main ene Bridge drawings shall indade a dagramiats plan view ofall bering, by indicating the various ations and degre of rsa for cach beavig by using appropriate symbols ‘The loads ard movements at the appropriate limit state shal be specified Testing reauiroments, inching te! loads, shall so be spi Beating loads and bridge movements of skewod and curved bridges shall be assessed including vation of bang lads ers pits and abutnt Deteiting aed constuction of services, pipetines, rls, parapets and other bridge furniture shall be such a to ens tat movements and rotations he bige ae not inpeded 7 GENERAL DESIGN ERQUIREMENTS 7 Design considerations The fllowig shall be orsdere a the desan of bearings and desk joins: ()Propetias of tho materiale in the strsite, including ooeicicts of thermal ‘expansion, moduhset elaicity, Poisson's rte creep ane shiskogs (©) Tolerances on mataial properties, chung tolerances on compreisive, shear and ‘olaionl charactors (6) Btfectivetomportie range of lernents ofthe brides (Sizes ef aructorlclements.(©) Method and sequen:e of construction Sachaing presuesing eees a (Vi setement snd movement of pers and abuments (@) Construction tleranses of element ofthe bridge and Deane. (8) Properties ofthe Baring in regard ote to translation (© Stoic end dynamic wesponse ofthe bridge ineating tafe, Wind, ood, earthquake, ellison aed ship imp ods 1G) Changes o bearing bas du othe longittinal and Warsvese effete of temperature traicnts in sitcll indeterminate strates, (6) Fatigue requirement, (Secondary eects revling fom ezosnre lead or movements not along dering axes Shall be considered a Beth the design ofthe Daring and adjcont tustral eloments NOTH: Aetna euitenens for molar deck ois se sped Append F Where bearings with ciring characterises sre used in the sume line of suppor. dhe ‘esuling interactive effect shall be consiceed it the dsipn ofthe bearings ar the big. 12 Specification of beating design requirements Non-standard laminated ester beatings an ater hearing” perfomance requiement's ll be spositie onthe sewing. NOTE: Laiawed elsoneic dears ae tora sped by part suber Th part nner ‘ul be sven os tetas o standard bearing evens Append ‘beating schodale sal be provided with sulicient information o allow the bearing to be rope designe fr al etal load eases 'NOTE: Sever! lad sonbinotons ry ned 16 specie for» patiatar Dearng (62. whet Tague lads tet be deagesfon whore late deo aria effec ae seria, Wi ‘pit ecers when spec ttn esa rea). ‘The beating senedule ia aominate the [oad combinations for which fconalasitance for anchorage of bearing shall be discounted [eg combinations including earhquibe ‘fects and other extene Syname lad Mectutons (se Classe 10.1) 73 Design life Betsngs and doc joints, oxchuing oui replaceable components suc a deck joint seals, ‘Shall be dosigned fora isin design lip of 50 years. Carin coraponets shall have the fame design lifsas the bras 7A Limitstaterequireneats [Ald bering end deck ents shall be designed to accommodate the relevant imposed loud, foal effects and pewenerts a the eqaited limit tte. UULS moves shall be dried from the nominel movomeats factored by the relevant ow fats specie igs shal be designed for S18 eects Mechanica beuings shal be designed to accormmodsic ULS movements and to sustain fervcenbiliy nd timate Rat ste ads. addon, mechanical bearings sll rem Indarnged ater ukiatetiit ther types of tearing, siding conta succes and desk jolts shal be designed to tccommadleULS movment snd stsain serviceability ard ubinate fit ste kas thithowt damage, except note relazaion of tls tequlrertent Is approved by the relevan Iori or pried by sher Pare of the AS(ASINZS) S1ODLeMeS115 Provision for consiwction tolerances Bearings sal be designe! to accommodate te calculated rotation, including sn allowance to account for consincion toleances ane erection procedure, Where supersractire monbers ae erected dies crto previously prepared earings: cnsircton tolerance rotation allowares stall 2e ten 26 not Less than 0.005 radians at SLS for eatomene bearings and 0.005 radians at ILS forall other hearings. The consiicion tolerance rotation may be taken a 0 where either (2) the superstrectare members are initslly supported above he bearings and the remaining spces ar ther fully grouted; ot (0) the superstactre seas dievly ont the installed being, 7.8 Provision for replacement Provision stall be made fii the romeval and replacomert of beatings Provision ‘all be rade in both te speriucture an ebatastre design for jacking pat. Jacking, pois and loa shal be show onthe drawings. eck joint components supe to ea all be detailed to fst thee realeement, 1.7 Provinion for resetting Where it is krowe thot aessive substructure setiemenis or rotations, oF eer movewents ve to mining subsides or other eecs are Ukely to oeeut inthe Mie of a bridge, provision for resetting beatings stall be made aad the Joins. shall be designed 0 ccommodets these movencis rt falta reseting 18 Provision fr handing Suitable handling attzcorents and litng pois sal be provided for heavy besings and joints to feats handing, placement and lection, 79 Access [Adequate space shall be rove sound bearings and major deck joins to faite their Inspection, matnenance ab replacement TA Derabiity All surfaces of beings ard deck jcints shall be prtected against comrsion, ‘Wheever possible, bearings shall be placed om podsetals to protect thm ag sariaepainetoe fe = fective thickness ofthe incividualelestomes layer in compression (ve {o yet Londo: rotation) = feanieclyer 12820) Ite fer cove layer as2Q) 1 = thlckness of the individual ianet layer of elastomer in laminated feted bearing 1 = dickness of cover lage of laninated elastomeric Bearing (8) For pla pat bears: n2s20) ‘Ac tsa nde plan area ne ie 128215) thickness of elisomer in laninied clasomeris bering ct thisknssof pain pad or stip bering(0) Forstep hearings =r 1125.26) were = iat o'eip far 12520) ‘Where dowel les ae to be provided, a special assessment ofthe shape fetor (5) shall be rade, allowing forthe hes sel he resettle prvi bythe Cowes Forte design teria speifled in Cause 12, he shape fst (5) shal bea follows; ) For plain yas nd stipe senaaneed £964 (Gd) Focinverml layers of laminated eascomere beatings hese, 12.6 Design requirements 12.6. Maximum shear sain in tombs lavtomeriebeoringe ‘a ensure thatthe total shear stain developed in the elastomer i not exccesive, the following requirement at to edge of the bonded suaace thal be sais sonenedt cats where ee © shear sin sedge af bonded snfcs dita lade normal to bearing surfaess © prttees snr strain at ode of bonded surface dus to forces tangential to he bearing farfece or movement of th trv, or bath The vals of sher sein abl be caeled as fellows = 68%, ge of bonded surface du to relative rotation of bearing 126.112) where 15 = compressive san due to loads aorml to the bearing surfices [based onthe ‘etteetive lade pan 03 —* saalieas) for icera ayers on 126.10) 27 = compressive lout on «beating, SLS Aor ~ effective loaled plan area, nominaly squat to the projected aren Eomnon ic vp an bowtom whens beating ie dstrtea tangentially . a(-4 4) for rectangular beatings = 126A) = bt for crear beavinge 16s) = maximum shear cisplacementtangentat to basing surface in the etecon of dimension 9 dve to movements af the stnsire ne tangent forcesspaicaqnanl enna ‘2 = plan dimension ofthe ede ofthe handed surfce of reeensular Seerings paral to ie span ofthe eg saximam sheer displacement tangent to bearing surface in the direction of dimension b due to movements of the svete and tenet feroes 1b ~ plan dintonsion of the edge of the bonded surfice of the ‘estangolar baring Wansverse 10 tho epan ofthe rie 6 = maximum soullant veetor shear daplacemest tangent Beating surface ia daneer of circular bearing a ede of bonded surece tothe ss = For retannaetenings ++ 126.46) -# for circular bearings: 128.10) Du asd forall baaings 12.6.8) = angle ootaion pel othe span of he bridge (= angle ofcotain transverse to the span ofthe bldge = maximum srgle of rotation, that i, change in angle between op and totem sriaes of besing ih eel direction f= thieumess of an fnvidal inner Layer of elastomer a a laminated wearin, 126.2 Compressive ies on lastomerte Bearings ‘The meen corrosive sess on elastomeric Bearing Sal he determina a low (The monn comprsive stress (NI) 09 lan grote thay 13 MP, (6) The mean compesive steer (Mil) on plain pad snd stip borings shall be not {rene than the leer of 268 0” 5 MPa 1263 Shear ara dee lngenilal novemenis end forces ‘To lint taageti distrtion and to minimize rolling of the edges of the bouinge or ‘enn ofthe sce! plats vo bed, the ellowing hal be sets sass In the determination of 49 the deflections due c earthquake and braking eo not be ‘consiere te elastomer hearings stall be ret ‘he tangential movemens and forces sall rot rue the pojecied plan area common to the ropa ttm fees ofa Bealng by moe than 20% that (2) 44020844 fr amiated elastomer bearings ad (©) Ap 2084, fr pale pads ane beating sips12464 Rosoional lontaton For pain puds and lanitted elastomeric bearings, the total cermpresive defection (ah) Hall satis the loving. ©) Parrecanguterbecies: 2 2 126.40) (0) Ferclrealer bearing: 12642) © 12649) whore de = ‘etal compressive defesion (4 = angle of roxaion paral o the span of he ridge @ © plan dimension of he edge of the bonded surfise of rectangular beatings Paral the spn of te Brice (a © angle of ition wansverse tothe span ofthe bridge 1b = plan dimerson ofthe eoge of the bonded surlace of a restnguler bearing Tranvere tothe span ofthe bridge = mavimam angle of rotation, tht iy change in angle betcen tp ane! batom ‘tac of tain in eta! dveston = plan diamatofezcler bearing at edge of toned sucface we © ath oft 12658 Sibi of bearings ‘The stability of bering sual be determina follows: (@) Plan pd ad strip Bearings For plin ped and strip beatings, the thickness shall be ‘ot greater than one quarter of the least lateral dinenson, ©) Laninated cleviemeric bearings Fer cvinaid casionerte beans supporting bids suerstucton at is ee co waste harlow, Ue cenmprssive fon cach beating (sll safy the Polling: ws Be 126s where be leer ofan or ostngslo eatngs > diameter () forever bowsings > shape faster ofthe thickest inner ayer or bearings supporting abridge supersicucture that is fixed sins horizotal ranslaton ‘oth longitudinally and ansversy, the stability Knit nay be fcreased 99 30%,126.6 Thickness of nealplates um thickness of moll plates (() in elastomeric bearings shall eonform to the am, to Gipson 1266) ©) 425mm 1266) [NOTE For replacment of earings, fe thickass of the steel ples in he relacerent Seana ay match he existing Begs ohare = yield strength the metal plate Forstel plates with dows! holes, shal ke fsored by 0. 1267 Ficing of borings stomerie bering in cist coms with metal plat shal be mechanically eetsined Under the provisions af Causes 10:2 and 103, beatings may he restrained by fiction only, provided tat underall SL3 oad combinations — Ma, 210 -2fedy 126.701) where Now isthe minimum pecanent compressive load normal to the tearing anchorage Inrface coneuten wih, and under permanent loads only Moan 222KA, ne ‘Nets ~ iinimum compresive loa, due to petmancat lead effets, ommel to he bearing aueberage interface concurrent with #7 f= stress ust ia calculation of anchorage of laminated lascreic being = 10MPa 12.68 Compressive defection ‘The eal compressive defecon (2) ofthe beang sll be determined as follows ao Hi) 12.6.1) ‘The vale ofthe compresive stn (4) in ayer ofa amined elastomorc bearing 16 be sein driving the compressive deflection ) shal be determined as fellows: ee Se net 12682) tttecive compression moduli of elastomer, ealalted for an individual taper oF lontnted cstmere bowtag 6x3) (C. = aonsant dependent on he bearing shape 1 ~ bemogereaus compression modules caleulate as follons:(Por recengatr beantas: +1268) 12645) 9 io > abjor 2126.86) = a, whichever isthe lesser +1268) (0) Forcivalar bearings: Bo 30 12.6.8) an 6 (©) Par plan pads and svips ‘Te vai ofthe compressive strain (GD w be sed in ceiving the total compresive deflection.) shall be ceerined as follows so +1 13680) mT 127 Weaving strmesees 12.11 Compressive snipiess ‘The compressive stifaessof bearing (X) sal be determined a flaws 240) compressive titles of en individual Iner w of elastomer i laminae bearing = BA 27410) B= eo Clanse 1268 fn ~ thicoess ofa typical layer of elastomer 12.72. Shear stress “The shear sess of an dastonesi bearing (K,) shal be determined as fellows: xf 12.72 all be adjusted to allow for ony layers of rubber not ete she ‘The vale ofthe sar stitaes(K) of an castmeris bosring under varying compressive or shear steses, or both, nay be calelated from Equation 12.72 using @ as defined In Clue 122. The value ofepanson sures toujen ine soarewrch spose Aces ter meen ance eet Que 1273 Rotational tithes: ‘The retational stesso a bearing (K) shal be the rotational moment (4) 0 peace nit (2) Rotstional stesso a layer n (ky) ofa laminate elastomeric bearing: nel 2K here = reaont noe, 1 ~ second nonnt of ws ofthe pln arcs o the bonded lasener bout its Sbotoaion (Foe indvdel ayer of laminsted elastomcric bearings: £=m 4 Go 12.73) ee oS . ose (Cae constant dependent onthe tearing shape (i) Fer rectangular bearings: = ~{-(eal | 12230) = aio ofthe sider of ares od elastomeric tearing af for otaton about an aus porallel oto long dimension ofthe teeing Fer cela bain Aa 18918) ea? 1x6 (0) Total rotational tise of bering () 1 - Tt te este nna tesa Fe eter statemiier S = shape taser of ne hikes one ayer12.74 taclind elartomeic bearings Elastomeirc beaigs shill te installed level. Sip, plain pad ard laminated elasomess bearings maybe lstalldon an. inline, provided the flowing cites are met (The sein, plain pxd or laminated elastomeric bering fs mechanically restrained on beth te Yop abd boom faces and (0) The shear detection of the bearng caused by the application of hese of ne superstar f es than 6 mn. Where the bearings ielined about both are, the Shear deflection shall be taken ze the vector sam of the longitudinal sed tnverse detection, NOTE: The designer salé be ae that the st flow ca he comport of fore pale! vo ‘Adina rons mo be required bth drag constuction ead ‘erm and lenge deflation vive te coats) srt Inclined elastomeric beings may also be used in opposed airs of identical beatings to permit an increased tansreoe ser affnese ofthe pt of beavings without increasing the lengitadinl sear atfres or vse vest. Fist principles shall be asd to dlernine the combined effects, ‘The effective ltral hoizonal snes (A) of a pair of Headel beatings of shear slits (2) end comprsive stiffness (Kf oppesed tan ungle (0) to he hina, ‘all be caleusted as fllens Ky 2gsin 0 2e,00088 ra7400) whee 9s te anal o ntinaion of he opposing beeing Similaty, the effective cempresson sifiness (K) shal be cloaaed as telows: = 2K cos Os 2K sin 0 1274) Topreven fet one tte ple tering, sal ese tal NS Keane Wan om, = 12940) Provided 05° Where significant tansvae rotation of tae superstructure ects ot the bearings & sccenie Lod effects, tho elective value of K shall bored as fll: hh Ket aks BIKe) Ky Eeessve tensions nay develop in the bearings duc te seperstractre rotation, epesaly if the compresive deflecleas are not suiie. Im this case, overall performance of the bearing assenbly shall beessessed Fo fist pinipes. 12a Creep Long duttion loads inteduce Ginewependert efecs in elastomers though creep and sess relation.apne tates ane etek np Nat a ls ce! See RARER) For moot applications the effects of creep and stress relation need not be cersidered, However, wher considering new formations and sytetic ruber, creep vas all We povermed, 1 Fae ae ever, madimum eompesive cep values of Aetormaten nny eed 2 Cheep flea legrithnefnsins of time ad ate lo dependent on tempers, ses Itory aad alton mation 1 25% of te istatancons 129 Lond testing of latomente bearings All laminate beeing stall be loaested in compression to 1.5 times the rated lead at Dero seat and ero rte, “Compressive atd shear snes testing shall be a representative samples of bonings. The fetual nenber of bearings checked for sess shall be dztrmiaed by quality como procedures previos test dit ‘When aceplace et for shone siioss ae requted or when determining effective values of G, bearing shall be subjected (o mean eompressive stoie of 2MPs and the chotr Silfaess or vlue of G, dived from the mean Shear stfues, measured beeen $6 and 2 steer stan ‘eating laminated cletomere bearings sal be n secordanc with Appendix D. Representative camps o plain psd and stip hearings shall be subjected to canpressive lea test to US nes the design verieal ore (Q) 13. POT BEARINGS Ba Design ‘Tae components of pot bearings inching associated siding contact surfses shall be designed for ULS eles. ‘Te folowing primary desi parameters and fabrication dets oF pot bearings shall be scoped (@) The macimam meat compressive sues onthe elstomershll be $0 MDs. (0) “The thiknote and forenalation of the elastomer shall depend on the requied rotational expt andthe smoothness of the inner surface ofthe py hewever, i 90 fave shall the tot pad thickress be Tass thon the lager of one itenth of the ‘ameter ofthe elasonere pale 10m. (© The maximum dplacement dae 10 the ULS rotation at the perimeter of the lastomecie ped hal be not goeater thn 15% ofthe tla pad thehness, including sealing ings (To prevent exison ofthe elastomer, the pot shal incorporate a eal atund te top ‘oxner ofthe slascmrie dive, The itera ceal shall be eter a ct of bras ngs, POM chain cra crsonfilled PITH seal complying with requirements of EN 1337-5 ‘The maximun sctnslted slide pth (ASP) of the inter! seal, defined asthe sum tae saatve movements af he seal the pot wl dh eyes af cotton of the tearing caused by tafe loading shall be loken to be 2000 m fer POM chain and carbonfied PTFESeals sel 1000 a for brass ins. Pot tearings with metalic seas shall pote used fo ral bdges or for oad vines here the nue ct veheles per lane per day is preticted to exceed 1000 in che at {ear of servi, wore the aumer of vehicles pet lane per ay fs 28 defied er soul traffic lige lagen AS 5100-2 (© Pot beeing shall Ye shored in accordance wih Clause 101 and, where reared, movement resin: shal he pebvided i eaaidance with Clause 8.(9, {required provisien fr Horizontal moventents shal be provide bya siding surtce Ingctondance with Clause 14 Pot bearings shal be desiqned to accommodate the calculates vitimat retton inating allowance to 2ceoat fer carson tolecanees and erection proce The lead and sotaon capacity of pot tearngs shall be tested Clause 15.2. ‘NOTE: Pot earings ae somally supped 4s «poetry produc where the dele dein of ‘hebroneg isthe reponiy fhe nantes 132 Lead testing Bearings shall be esed for compliance wih the specified perforasce and load testing, requirement, and call meet the elves! requirement of ths Stared in 10,0 part threo, ofeach typeof beerng shal be tested to cone tat the i farication of te bearings ae acces, secordance with Deasngs tht ato be tse shal be separately lod-ese a follows (2) tn compression, to ne maximum ulin compressve lou (©) In tear, tothe mannan atime lateral sher load (veto sum in the ease of fixed bearings in conan with he concurent makimh linet compressive lead o tie madman ultmne lateral shear fond (vetor sum i the eats offices ‘bearings in conjnction witht concurrent maim wimatecemgresive loud NOTE: For being je api se Cie 16 ° (4) In retion, to the maxinurn vlimate rotation with 0.7 tines the maximus ultimate compressive lead. After loa-tstng, the Beng sll be dismantled and examined for utter exrasion, PTFE, erage, warping, sovig ooter effets hat may aot the draby ofthe Darn. 13.3 Bearing identfcaton and movement sale Decrings shall be ted vith & nameplate indicating the manicures, beating model or ‘ype, year of manfactre andthe design vera oud ts ado, bearings incrporatng & sliding camact surface shall speetty the movement capacity as appropiie. ‘A movement scale and pointer stall be ft to nominated Bearings so ato be clear ‘Visible onthe installed beeregs 14. SPHERICAL APPREVED SLIDING MATERIAL (ASM) BEARINGS 141 General ‘A sereal ASM beating ca botsing consisting of «hacking plat with a convex sp frfoce ané a bushing phte with « soneeve spherical surice botween which « siding ‘atrial and the mating materi form a curved sliding uae Spherical ASM bearings may be uscd in combination with siding elements and gues 10 form fre sliding and guided siting beings. Spherical ASM bearings combined with plane sliding surface may used together With a eiaiing rh 1 fre fed earegs NOTH: Examples of spiel bearings cerbiane with ht sbiing. le gue 181(duced wy | (i, Foes by «teataeng eng FIGURE 14.1 SPHERICAL BEARINGS COMBINED WITH FLAT SLIDING ELEMENTS 142 Design “The compenons of sphercal bearings, inluding essocinied sliding contact sureees, shall be designed for ULS eff, “The compressive sess: on ASM at the ULS shill be not greater than the values demonstrated by suitabe tasting and shal not exceed the values piven telow without the fpproval ofthe relevant thority. Where the bearing erperiure may exeeed 35°C, the lowable beeing pressure shal be reduces ty an apprapate factor approved by the Felevrt authority. ‘The following privary design parameters and fabrication details of spherical hearings stall bealopted (8) The maximum mar compressive sess onthe projected reduced aes ofthe spherical conietsrfae shal be 120 MPa, (6) The maximum contact crete under oe above a opbercal bearing shall be in sevoqdance wlth Clase 17 (© Spbesica! bearings shall be anchored in accordance with Clause 10.1 and, ier Feddired,eivemeatciaint shal be provided ia acootéance with Clase 8 (Cervo siting contct suraces ofa spercal bearing shall comply with Clause 14.5, (© Pnve sting conta succes ofa sterical bearing tall comply with Clause 15. (0 trequire provi er herzonal movemnts shal be provided by sliding surface In scsoncance with “aus IS ‘Spherical tevin sal te designed o acceramoiae the eae ulate rutin about Drocedare, They shall > capeble of transferring, the spect forces beiween tie Superiastre and subetetre "The lead aud rotation caposty of spherical brarings shell be teed im secotdance with Claws 143. : NOTE: Spteical teas ate somtally supped as »' propriety pofast whe the de esi of th Deals se esposolity of te muticason sess Senge tacos nse a ava Aiton ca one Santer eas NSN 143 Lond testing Deatings shall be ‘ested for compliance with the specified perfomance ant fond testing quieren, ad sll moet the eleva requirements ofthis Stand Atleast 1 in 10, o put etot, of each pe af bering sll be tested to contin ha the eapucty reduction factor 065 to relnfoxced concrete substrate, and 0.60 oe uneinorced moter pd = lesser ofthe 28 day compressive linder strength of the mortar or omer susuat, in megapase ‘Ay ~ effective loaded area a the interface of the atachment plete and the nor ped or concrete substate calculated using the dispersion angle ree bed a en (), niles square‘roasts snes ting seasons eoeeaapannd mavens inwise banner Sn anteaene at, 4s ~mavinum diabuton sek based on a aspera angle fom se ‘tec Toaded atea tough the meta fad atl Concrte ata sepe of 2 rerizal (0 UhoHzonal to s depth ere the traneted diibtion Dytamd ot cone fst Ingres m side of the coneete sbstae, inlets square “The maximum distbation aren shall be geometrically similar to and concert wit A ane the cimensions ofthe hase of the truncated pram or cone stall be liniea toa maximum 963 tre he disnsicn Of the fective load avn inthe seme dtetin, ae shown ie Figure 17 ‘Where the compresive sre on the effetive loaded area (4) is aot aiform, the dimensions of ss Shall be reduced such tht dhe eentiid ofthe aval fore of ah tuivalen uniform ress lore coincides with dhe centroid ofthe ma-uiverm sos bok. ‘The teinforcement_m the conerete substrate abl be designed in acoedence with [AS S100 wsing cir the strut and tie method or the provisions for prestessing snckonge zones B treat ection 7 oat, a FIGURE 17 DESIGN DISTRIBUTION FOR PARTIALLY LOADED AREAS 18 BEARINGS SUNIEC?TO UPLIFT ‘Wherever precticnble, the form, atcalation and spa lengths ofa tre srctire shal be seleced to ensure hat brarings ave subject lo compressive free ur al fading conditions [NOTH Were pit ese at earings, cepa d-dh ha aig est ‘it oes shouldbe pie [Where hearings are require to resist wp free, ty shall be designed In evowdance lth the principles ofthis siandaa inciodng oasideration ofthe consequences of liar, ‘ve subject to approprne testing to eonfim the adequacy of the design, The bearings Stall also be designed fr ropaceabiliy, rcuding the provision of lternaive tempotaty means of siting the uplit force es necesey. "tstomeri bearings shallot be sabes capita ihe he SLS of ULS. Pot and spherical Bearings hall not be subject uplift the SLSSe pacer. opp et indy 8d NERA ‘Mechanical bearings any be designed to esit upli, povided the loads, movements aad Forains at both SLS eng ULS and te fatigue loading fequvrtents ae etennine. All {ritteal Lond combination: a the various iit tts, test loade and testing reqaiements Stull be specified in the contract cocuments, including e clear statement of concureat {atslainel position and voaond alignment, well as any reqitecent for ether to ‘ange whist under the acon ofthe pli Fores Mechanical bearings subject 10 uplift atthe SLS shall be designed to abcemmodate fhovenats and rotations a applesle, while resisting the servicsablity and ultimate esign fore NOTE: Fer tenga te compression under ll LS fa combinations foves athe ULE tint nthe aecsery 0 sg ‘ition wl the pit foe seer suet 0 the bearing to sceommodete ts 18 Dre sors 9 Gem ‘Deck joints shall allow ‘or loads and movements de to temperature, creep, shrinkage, leading and her causes wihow inducing ursceepable stresses inthe joint or ether part 192 Joint types Joints stall be categorize a follows: (2) Comprestion sels (Strip seats (o Sawtoom (© Pinger pats. (0) Flsibe plug (9) Modatee () Oter. “The characterise and performance history of @ particular Joint shall be reviewed to Atrmine the suabilty f the jon foe a speci instalation 193 Requirements 193.4 General Ivins shall not generate excessive nize or vibration we afi. Joint components shall te couosion reson ac joints shall be easly accessible forth purpoes of inspection, ‘malgerance and replacement ‘on footsays an shared paths, the desk joint sal be covered “The size of deck oie gap shall be Finited to minimis the hazard for eye. Meta surfaces exposed to vebcetar tfc with an overall width grener than 200 nm, FMensted prall to the uci of avel wee jim fully closed ll be provides ‘wan an ast weatmex. Except at walkways and pedestian bidaes, metal protection ernour sh cemplesion seal ans eal jon. [NOTE hing plc dvd ots em gone oecatve noise an may give problems in sevice, Te tires feet reiraendl wer var ale be provided for193.2. Design iad for sad bridges Deck joins on road bridges stall be designed for he fllowing coacurent afi loud: (©) Fevlea afte load The A1G0E loading 2 speed in Figure 19.3.2, 100 bee Bee FIGURE 192 MIGDEDESION AXLE FOR EXPANSION JOINTS ‘The ‘gre contact length (La) vaies in accordance with he load ftor ane tyre inflation pressure ans given in limes by Hla ~ 1932 Y= load ctor @ = dynamic fad atiowanee W = whee loud = 80 000 N p= reason mressre Be = conta with of dua ruck res (S00 mm) ‘The wre inflaton presture () shall be MPa for ULS, 08 MPs for SLS end 0665 hPa for ftguevespecnsely, (©) Longitude irae ved mivinm of 39% ofthe verte! lod eting t vad level paral! vo he erect of ati “The design loads sal be pied st any location onthe dock jit to give the worst Loeding xcept for modular deck int, he dynam lod allowance for the design of deck joints Shall he taken se 04, For modular deck jcnt, the dynamic los allowance shall be otennined in acerdance vith Clas 20. "he desig lad plus dymanie load allowance sal! be multiplied bya loud factor of 1.8 for ULS effec 110 fer SLS cots end 0.5 for fatigue respectively 193.3 Fatigue design frroad bridges ‘he srsses due to the ft gue design lve fonds spect In Clause 193.2 sal be Hite sch thataaa 1934 Movements Deck jens sll be desigaed to assomtadate limit stake movererts, 26 requied for oer Pars ofthe AS(ASINZS)S10D series. Por stip stl joint, the movements due t taking nay be ignore. Por detcnining te teguted movorsent range of olor pes of des J, the SLS moverent dust oreking load shall be conskered. In addition to tongitudina movements, consiertion shall b taken of vial movemeets, dese etion en lsealsrveretts, The avverect ofthe sutstructete shal be onsiered, fneioding absent movers in espouse to earhworks construction and tne-dependent “tees in the eartiorts, Te Carved and sk2w bridges, allowances shall be made fo the transverse movement othe dec relative othe stumene oc adjoining deck sections cxased by deck movement Movomexs shall be caculsted as the algehrae sum of the worst combination of Provamenig, based on invallation conditions and allowing forall reversible movements ‘rclign sequences and anbioat conditions The deck joint movement requirements, isialaion gap width and assumed Installation Cenperatre hall be nomineted inthe drawings. The adjustment of the ga Width a ‘cmpertres otc than he nominated temperature cal also Be spected. “The specified joint movereatzangs sll nsiee an allowance fr inaccuracies herent i teserining te temperate ofthe susie a instalation 19S Gap width fr rood bres LUntess the gap is sealed or covered to within 10 may of the coud surface and the seal or cover miter Is capable of sisting te whee load, Ue gap sal be comsdoted 1 Bean open an. "pe maxinum roadway sarice pap of a parallel deck onto th ultinate movement Timi, neacuredperpenccrln fo te Jolt, shal be 85 mm For fingorplae joints, the saximun opening Between adjacent fingers on the same side of {he jotta be 60 mm ane the sinmum overlap ofthe Magers on the opposite side ofthe int sal be 15 ‘The selection of sn tooh joints on skew shal censier the required movement rans, the tne of movement efths avers and physical geomstey of the proprietary Jin yp ‘Stu tht tet co not clash witha the dosign moverent ange. 194. Anchorage of deck joins for road bridges ach side of the desk jont or its metal prteetion armour shall be ataced tote deve oF “use by anchorage joa s a to fanefer ll tate and dra loads fom he int tothestrucue ‘where fly tensioned hh tensile Blt sorewed ito enchor fru and with « debonded Shane are tsed to ttach wetal protection armour for compression or stip sal joints, the facing ofthe ols shale not greater thet 300 aman the design axial capacity ofthe Woe a UL sal be rot es than 800 EN on ech side ofthe jin Where the meta petecton armour of compression a strip sel joints af the deck joint i Niched by bars or sits ast Ino conte, tbe total cossctional ance of the tes) chore om eck sie of he join shal be not Fess than 1600 ann and der spacing sel enotgreter dan 250:0m, [Anohor al eof sisient length to effevey engage te reinforced concrete subatte 1955 Drainage fr ond bridges Joints sal be aod to vzeie pita dirt rade for ey percolation of water that may oe<4 age system sal be revided cateri | Where a joint fs ot sealed, the tap shall be wier st he bottom a tthe fon, n pee sonss and debi fom lolging inthe Joint, anda ersnage system with acess for cleaning, shall be provide, NOT: Dosh jt are ml comple weight. 19.6 tna Deck joins shall be stn poston to suit deck grade and crssfal, ar wit a approgeiate ‘ep adjusted to conform tthe actual mean stacireternpertue tthe tive of Inala, Inthe absence of more aecrte procedures, the installation terngereture maybe taken a he mean shade tonpecsture at the erdesile of the deck of inside the cals of bow girder bridge forthe two consectve days pc oj instalation in conereestuctites enone day pried tothe installa fr set and sie! compose suche, NOTE: Manefachirers of age movenat rng ats stul be response fort sappy and listeton ofthese on, and shoud provide guarantor many one setvictlg of iets ors witimam prod of Fe yews fe ral 19.7 Joincseatanes 19.74 Genera! ‘The selection of sealing nueils shall consider ther resistance fo wae, il salt, sione enerntion, abrasion, diel and exviunmerta effec. Decay seling meted ie tot apable of schieving the design life of the bridge, provisice shall be made for tit replacement. 1912 Sealants jit flor, Sealants shall be spplied in accordance with the manufacture’ specifications and the ‘asic properties, including recovery, shall be checked by testing. The sala Inthe sealants in compression o tension shall bent move than 80% ofthe nomial movement eapaity demonstrated by tating (¢ ASTM C719 vith an upper lint ot 50% stain Cate shall be taken to prevent colsie fillue of he ajoveing stirs due to high tensile fare fom ‘he sealant The joint shal be sealed a or ae neat as practicable to the mean ots ange of Imoverent. Base appor: fr join sealants shal be provided by durdbie compressible font ‘ies wit equate recovery and without excessive compressive sifnss, ‘The join sealant shal be set 5 49 10a lower than the deck surface of road bide, to Hii damage by watt 20 MODULAR BRIDGE EXPANSION JOINS (MBE) 201 Scope This Clause 20) sets out requirements for the dsitn fabrcetion, testing, supply and inaction of wedlr bilge espnsion jlas (MBE) overing both single and aie support bar MBE systems 202 Definitions Forth purpose of this Clas, the dfitions below apply 20.24 Maduple support ber MAJ stem ‘An expansion joint with vets cease beams that are connect fo longitudinal support ‘er, cach supporting only one cenive beam, and spanning actos the joint opening end sling between elastomer: springs and beatings ia sport boxes thal re cot ino the ‘onctete om both sides af th Jot. NOTE: Aa strpleofamhipesappor ba MEDS 9 is shown in igue 202.Se ee ie emcees cod eed many Go wale Noe er 202.2. Single support bor MBEJeytom ‘An exoamion joint nih woneverie conte Beans tet ore atached to suppor bars aking ‘See! yohes and elastomeric siings and bearings each supperting a number of centre ‘Deas, tnd spanning acow the joint opeting ond sging tetvoon elastomeric eprings and hearings in suprott Bors tat are cnt into lhe conctete-on both sides of the jot to sccammodate the requted wunber of suport bas 1 mexampie oes ppt bar NDE pte is shown i Figus 202.2, 2 The swivel joist isa vara NS desi. 2023 Swivel ote ys ‘spec iype af single sappet tar MES system with swiveling slugle support a. 2024. Dynanie amplifiaion factor (DAP) “The factor (g) by which the state force oF sites has to be muitpied 10 give the toa ynamie force or ses, vere is the dt od allowance efned in AS $1003. Compression sping ‘wil PTFE surface Sains steel a ‘Conv butler FIGURE 202.1 EXAMPLE OF MULTIPLE SUPPORT BAR BES SYSTEMFIOURE 2022 EXAVPLE OF SINGLE SUPPORT BAR MBEI SYSTEM (GHOMN INVERTED) 203 Design 203.41 General arangonent “The centre beams shall be continous ove the fll wid ofthe earageway, The unin clear gap between the icps of the ecnte beams skal! be 85 14m at IMs Joint opening ‘cocresponding tote ULS. “The spacing between ceelines of Ue spor bats hall no exceed 1500 ma, Nodular tridxe joint systems may uillze etter pestive mechanical contol (Got pamtaraphs, cc) or cstomert stings 10 provide equidistant conse bes spacing 203.2. Design service ie “The following requirenten sll apply to be design f joint components: ()Arininu 13 yeas service tf ana 0 be replaceable witht tafe slsures fer (©) compression ad con! springs; and (i) support bearings (©) Aminimum 20 yews service ie at to he replaceable sith shor «ttl road cosere fot excesting 2 ears or net mote than hal the mre of lane of the buége a 8 Ue eased to ater jt seas (©) A rinimum 100 yen servos lif for ©) cone beams, including welded atachne (support bus iehading welded sttachments; and (ii) sappor booed tachment203.3 Linit states “The iit states of atgue,stengih and serviceability sal be checked 2034, Materiel properties and design mothodclogy “The centre beams, edge teams and aupport har shall be fabricated fom strata steel ‘with mina itd stents (inthe ange of 250-380 MPa “The design loa’, factor b be applied 16 the loads, the procedures tobe followed to stefy the vee lint states of ge, seength and serviceability and the requirements of these Hint sates for emmpouentand nemes of the joint shall cmply with the fllowing: (@) For the fatigue Hint stale, denotes the sess range and A denotes the Ftigue Fesstance forthe apeppine deta category, fr lniite eyes of stress (the eat Ti sess rang). o mate Seton =apaciy or member capacity (6) ALSLS, the moduter bridge expansion Joits shall sts) the nse requtements of {Cavee 30.9.1 an the joint shall exbie damping of at leat 5% of ea damping ‘wba ete in aosncane to Appendix 20.3.5 doin opening ‘The expansion joint opeings for design for the limit ster of fatigue, akimate and cviceabiity sal be scfiped in AppendicE. 2036 dele lad ‘The ste sale loed sh be ATGOE design asl lou as spied in Clause 19.32. ‘Te ase stall be placed anywhere along the conte bear for maimam effect; however, the ‘etre of he wheel teed rt be closer thaa 600 a fom the foe ofthe Keb or the fatigue Hii sate end SLS, até 300 am forthe sengihTinit ste, Only one axle hall be ‘considered in the design et Ue lt. 20.8.7. Diewsben acer ‘Tne maim whee loud cated by one cenue beam is fF where the dition fotor ing te following equate: Daspsie ma. Jn = tyre contact length it diestion parallel to waffle, as given by vation 19.3.2 fo the respestive imi ses Bide othe sents bese at op NOTE: The dsbation eerste sin of wel cared by on entre ban, The ga between cnt bers (fd) sl be ealoulted for tho propriate joint opening, Toru. tee pend depending on the ln tate under easier, ‘he remaining wheel Ya shall be divided equally Uetween the two adjacent contre beams ortetween x coir beam aed edge bean, depending on te postin ofthe wheel M8 Horizon Joreefctors orizortal forces shall be sled at each wee o the top of theese beams to eecount for foes die to eaton braking o” acceleration, ceatifugal foee, similar eres. ‘The lngjtainal fore inte etetion of ta (FF) = MF. The feo (1 hal be obtained trom Append E,edhe joe is ocated on acuave or significant rostal,wangvese forces shall be aid at ‘ep ofthe entre beans, The transverse design force (P)= Wi The face (2 shall buted frm Appendie Ie te Joints skened tote direction of wat the forex 9W andi eal! be esol in ‘retin normal and exe to the conte bens, fr design ofthe member. 203.8 Danie amplifienion factor (DAR) ‘The iti ane loud shall be muliliod by afar) to account for dynamic effets, “The dynamic amplifeann factor () shall be evaluated by one of the following four metho: () Method 1 Design shall be basod on the simple static method sing the flowing feta: 2720 formulile suppertbar systems 203.50) 2°25 for singe support bar sytens =-20350) ©) Method2 An experimental medal analysis study shal be cendicted In accordance with Appendix Fy até the maxim overall dynamic arpifieation factor (zo) shal be obtained The Faaors tobe wed for design shal e the following: °C6tynat for altiple support ba: systems 203.90) 7~30jnot forsugle sipport bar systems 203.968) (©) Method 3A dynanis faite element analysis (FEA) shal be eid ou, provided the FEA has been calbated using experimental medal analysis and stain phage data ae eC oun Appendix. The FEA shal incorporate multiple sle loading of multe nite teas. The ave shall be stepped oter the joint at velocities ranging from D0 km 110k in 5 a iervas, less terse specified by the relovant sori. (®) Method 4 Driveour tests of the same joint, installed in sniar manner on on eeisting bridge, shal be eared ou 208.10 Applicetion ofthe DAP The DA shall be nos 203.1000) For centre beams support bars and associated componcats, the DAF shall be dvived by one of the four meteds oufved in Clause 2039. The DAP shall comnrise. an apea ‘component (9) aida dovrvatd component Ga), which shall be dssermined by dve-over {Gat of e similar join. Where test resus are aot avalible, the fling vues shall be vorponens not subject te vibrations, such as suppoxt bores at edge beats, aaopted| we" 028 -+-203.1092) tm" 06% 203.1013) or computing te sess range for the ftp list stats, he DAL chal be clelated fom, the folowing equate: Ae tw 203.1018) Foc ULS, the folloing shat be ae Ate ++293.10(8) For SLS, the folowing shal be satis nee ++1203.1066)conan Nee a EP 203.11 Design leads “The desge ores due to eich whos, eplid tothe top of he critica entre beam, fr each limi sate, sal be as elles (4) The vetial design free (Qala the flowing oe 2203110) (©) The lenaltatioal dasign force (2, i the direction of tafe, shall sxtify the folowing Wt =ypaw 203.10) ©) The tanaverse design force (7, ifappicnble, shall aif the following: yoo --202.118) “The appropiate values of the factors y and x shall be used for the limit state under conaieriion, The cer continuous beam onrig sports oF ie suppons, the vera sifiness of which are computed fre the proportion of the support bar bearings. beam shal be alse as— ‘The contre beam shall be designed fer the envelope of results calculated using method () tnd mathod (i) wits the ale lad inthe most erin postions, 204 Patige iit state 204 Generel ‘The design action ect shall be the maim rsulent tress range de tothe effects of Oe eames ‘The ies anges causing fatigue shall bo ealeulted ty applying te following forest te MBE/ models O'= fenw -2D4iay We nen sala) vreneew ifopptieabie 24.10) 1 anna sexes ano toga etn the ul "sed rom the loving eqn IANRR 204) 1. pom! stress (i bo combined with a shear ste (he principal stress () shall becletlted fom the Fong equation: () he capity factor For five (Bey be ake #8 10. ‘he resitance sal be the catvo lint stress (f) defined in ASINZS 5100.6, which isthe frslstance for 10" ) ww anavL‘Wut 8 999 AZIS NYTA—ONRIYSe ONUTINOLSY TG CALYNIRY sv aia, Se eae setae bate(a sf 8 009-4718 NWLA—DNIAVEM ONEAICOLSV TS GALVNURYT ov tava olgaToronasr] wr Ta aa a cH wie} ore |e aenallev| or seer © wataleslsv| —ar [mae ar ouieelosIsv] ae 9 ve ronsey see wouanos) 6y STAVE i a i‘su 909 x WO 999 4ZIS NYLE—ONTRV AH SUMHILO LSW TE SLYNILEVT ony ivFE a Z 3 we | 55 a ee ar] ee a | oe] oe | om we aS aN me o 3 L = i x = aa | ae | een screen | Soe FS STE RN TPT wu op2 HAAWYIO—DNREVAG DTLGWOLSVTE GLLVNTIEVT ny aieve See aes esate a oes “gente mney ong nego saarpauaevnen asters Loraine xenson pop Sempea anced | mie] oS sia (munees) Wy aIaVE ogeea 9 ‘wa ¢¢ 2E3AH(YIG—ONRIVIS ORIWOLSVTS GLLYNINVT uy aTavi oesiguneed ur stig te ci mayan tags vara eon0 ALLAN VIG—ONTAYAM DEHSINOLS TE CALVARY sty avn res wrt ne mma cuoduonwavvnen sey at(ponupnes) gry HIAVE ‘conan minaret eat wn enn pay ete mswu 6S USLIVIG—INRAV AM IPAIWOISVTS GLLYNIYT vty TYE _cecampannaeezosang ig aa crete ep aw peor PRINT ei [ er | es | oe t [ee 0s sor a (eonupuco) yy aTEVE ar eine miactoarensa we apse bm sas(a ofS WALAWVId—ONIAVAH SREIOLSVTS CLLYNINWT sty wv(panugucd) Sty TRY. ‘wet amar not tenga ee wm omer er soent re rare (4a 65 NILAHVId—ONPIVAG DIIGWOLSVTS GALYNIKVT sIy SIEVE are keira het TeaSearles omar) sry arava (oereaeerend ar segs ety med gorse tans ane ond(or 69 UALAWVIO—ONRIVIG DIMAHCOISVTS GSLVSIAVT ay gIavL(porayees) ory HEVSaree DaeersTev (wu 052 NILAHVId—ONPIVAG ORIAWOLSYTS GLLYNIAV ary saveree ‘uur 18 AALSIWYIO—DANAVAM DTMAMOISVTS GRIYAIAYT sty aTavs "geetunce vous sown hae Weepje | aw ogg NS LANCVIG—ONPLVaS ORTNOISVTA CALLYNINYT oxy aiavncases rae croucs ceoa ann» Tn tt pl Se taunt ‘TESTING OF ELASTOMER—CATEGORY | TESTS (Normative) Br Scope “This Appendix sts out motheds for testing easemer for lite elastomer, plan art pot beans 2 MATERIAL ‘The clasomer wae shall e based on natal raber asthe rst poet, ond shall semply with ote of tie nominal Hardness ranges and conespending si of propertics given in Table. Inaiton the eascome shal comply wih te following: (@) The astoner sha have adequate weathering resistance, end ball be suitable for we pio six weeks at sberaso femperstres with oeasional periods of up to 3 days at hu"e, all x sasessd hy the fess set ue In Pacagraph B3.f lower Lenperiures are Teavired these shal be specie together with amendments (0 these bearing test, (6) The shone modules of the istomer, measured by the method set OK In Paregriph B10 shal ot vary by move than me tolersnce given in Tabi BI No selatedor ground elanized rubber sell be ued. DY ELASTOMER PROPERTIES ‘The psa! properties the elastomer shall comply ith the relevant requirements given in Table BI, sing sculdd test pcces in accordance wi Pragreph BA,apace, eas Doe ascors aha ponaen habocbent foe Bocier oan enGNNN TABLE Bt ELASTOMER PROFERTIES—PRI-MOULDED TEST PIECES, Perey ee Se eee. soirno | sommn | antacne coer | Gertie Sa aici vam [wrt | titseuy “Aecig estce (se Pangragph BAA) fo) Maes ain (8) Tonle teat ‘04 10% (6) Khrone steak | isn 1 | argent nein mien a “om | one ander ee Parr) rum | rane | taeyeuty “Tew wets Ge Pua 047) sev | _ teem | sarge (Gectgrap 48) weie Aa 1 ener sn (erage B19). Sse nodbntund ha cosas | osomr | vemty baton) Tee ons me oe wx || secsuen cameo 410 # ees ‘event te Para 1) 988 1D 2. The cern nae af sr ds gen is Tale apo ey asa ‘indy te suntan ane nae hapescen 0 eae, D4 METHODS OF PHYSICAL PROPERTY TEST BAL Hardness The TRAD hardness of sauples stall be determine in accordance with method N of 48 1683.15.1, RED hardness shall be measred In accordance with AS 168%.152, provided regal calratin and adjustment tor temperatures oui the range 23-22% axe nade NOTE: A sersitert paaect3 second recommended fr hae st characteristics Vuleanizaton shatters hal bo me 42 Coromotr vulanict sed in accordance with AS 1683-22.sigasnyaancn SEA BAS Tensile strength ed slongaion at break sin accordance with AS 1683.11 “Tewils rong an clongation at beek sal be deters sing pe | danbbol at pioces Bis Ageing ‘Accelerated ageing ins shall be condusted in accordance with method A of AS 1643.26, {sing simples aed for 7 cays at 701°C. B45 Compression se ‘Compression set stall be determined in sesotdanee with method A of 180 815-1, using Type A test pees, The tapetaure dui the compression pied shall be 70-41°C furan sal be 22 Rous 184.6. astemer-to-rereemeat bond Elstomer-o-enforerest bond shal be measure pre-made sanpls in accordance swith the 9° peel method oF AS 1683.14 Bu To “The fear strength stall be mmeacured om premoulded samples in accordance with AS 168312 using method BAS Ozone resbtance ‘Ozone resisianes shell te determined in acoacéenee wih AS 1683.24, using an ozone cncexiaion of 100 pats per bunseed million by volume (pphm) less otherwise Specified, a temperature of 401°C, a dhcaGon of D6 outs, withthe test piace at an ‘longa of 206, At thoend of tho ts hero shall be no ible cracks. B43 Low temperature sifenieg Low temperature sifening sll be aseased by messurng increases in hardness. Thre est. pices shall be inkaly conditioned for 3 ours a 23 22°C and their hardest measored, These tes pieces sll en be conditioned for minimers 24 hous at -10:12°C and their harness shall be retested. For any of the test pieces, the difference Between the Ovo Iensnvenents shal be na. rester Cu SIRED. 1410 Shear meas The shear edulis shall te determined on completeé beatings Pheagraph D4, Appendix. secordance with S_ PREQUENCY OF TESTS BSI Ongoing development of a compound ‘An extensive set of tests shall be casted ot at time of devslopment of « compound, ant trsinoined wil updated as test data is colectod diving ongoing development on that ‘compeun “The results of these tests shal be kept on ile and made avleble on roquest, together with (ke prover ardness range clan 1 chet compound. For the pucposes ofthis °aapraph ay change in the formulation of a compound shall be interpreted sa new conpoutG, which Sl oaly De wed with evidence of development testing da proven une oftaidazsses based 1 8 sensiviy anys