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Chemistry Microproject 1

The document discusses different types of chemical bonds including ionic bonding, covalent bonding, polar covalent bonding, and hydrogen bonding. Ionic bonding involves the transfer of electrons from one atom to another resulting in ions of opposite charge. Covalent bonding is the sharing of electron pairs between atoms. Polar covalent bonding results in an unequal sharing of electrons between atoms. Hydrogen bonding, a weaker form of bonding, occurs between hydrogen and more electronegative atoms like oxygen. The document provides examples and descriptions of each type of bonding.

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Aachal Gulhane
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926 views12 pages

Chemistry Microproject 1

The document discusses different types of chemical bonds including ionic bonding, covalent bonding, polar covalent bonding, and hydrogen bonding. Ionic bonding involves the transfer of electrons from one atom to another resulting in ions of opposite charge. Covalent bonding is the sharing of electron pairs between atoms. Polar covalent bonding results in an unequal sharing of electrons between atoms. Hydrogen bonding, a weaker form of bonding, occurs between hydrogen and more electronegative atoms like oxygen. The document provides examples and descriptions of each type of bonding.

Uploaded by

Aachal Gulhane
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education

Government Polytechnic College, Murtizapur


Electrical Engineering Department
2022-23

Subject Basic Science


Basic Science (Chemistry)subject code :- 22102)

Micro-Project Topic
Study The Types Of Bond

Guided By

Prof R S Sonone
Submitted By
Sr.No. Roll No. Enrollment No. Name

1 13 BORDE ADITYA NARENDRA

2 14 DESHMUKH PARTH SANTOSH

3 15 DESHMUKH PUSHPAK KISNA

4 16 DESHMUKH TRUPTI DILIPRAO

5 17 DHOLE MADHURA GAJANAN

6 18 DHONDEKAR SUMIT GOPAL

7 19 FANDAT RUCHA PURUSHOTTAM

8 20 FURSULE GAURAVI PRADIP

9 21 GAIKWAD SHRUSHTI DANIEL

10 22 GHAYAWAT SHIVARAJ VISHNU

11 23 GHUNGAD BHUMIKA GOPAL

12 24 GULHANE AACHAL SHRIRAM


MAHARASHTRA STATE
BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
Certificate

Place…………………. Enrollment no…………………...


Date………………….. Exam Seat No.…………………..
Sr. No. Topic Page No.

1 Introduction 6

2 Ionic Bonding 7

3 Covalent Bond 8

4 Polar covalent Bonding 9

5 Hydrogen Bonding 10

6 Summary 11

7 Reference 12
Sr. No. Group Member Name Work Done in Micro-Project

1 Aditya Borde Parth


Deshmukh
INTRODUCTION

2 Pushpak Deshmukh
Trupti Deshmukh
IONIC BONDING

3 Madhura Dhole
Sumit Dhondekar
COVALANT BONDING

4 Rucha Fandat
Gauravi Fursule
POLAR COVALANT BONDING

5 Shrushti Gaikwad
HYDROGEN BONDING
Shivraj Ghaywat

6 Bhumika Ghungad SUMMARY

Achal Gulhane REFERENCE


What Is Chemical Bonding

Chemical Bonding refers to the formation of a chemical


bond between two or more atoms, molecules, or ions to
give rise to a chemical compound. These chemical bonds
are what keep the atoms together in the resulting
compound.

Important Theories on Chemical Bonding


Albrecht Kössel and Gilbert Lewis were the first to explain the
formation of chemical bonds successfully in the year 1916. They
explained chemical bonding on the basis of the inertness of
noble gases.

1. Lewis Theory of Chemical Bonding


2.Kossel’s theory of Chemical Bonding
Ionic Bonding

Ionic bonding is a type of chemical bonding which involves a transfer of


electrons from one atom or molecule to another. Here, an atom loses an
electron which is in turn gained by another atom. When such an electron
transfer takes place, one of the atoms develops a negative charge and is now
called the anion.

The other atom develops a positive charge and is called the cation. The ionic
bond gains strength from the difference in charge between the two atoms, i.e.
the greater the charge disparity between the cation and the anion, the
stronger the ionic bond.
Covalent Bonding

A covalent bond indicates the sharing of electrons


between atoms. Compounds that contain carbon (also
called organic compounds) commonly exhibit this type
of chemical bonding. The pair of electrons which are
shared by the two atoms now extend around the nuclei
of atoms, leading to the creation of a molecule.
Polar Covalent Bonding

Covalent bonds can be either be Polar or Non-Polar in


nature. In Polar Covalent chemical bonding, electrons
are shared unequally since the more electronegative
atom pulls the electron pair closer to itself and away
from the less electronegative atom. Water is an
example of such a polar molecule.

A difference in charge arises in different areas of the


atom due to the uneven spacing of the electrons
between the atoms. One end of the molecule tends to
be partially positively charged and the other end tends
to be partially negatively charged.
Hydrogen Bonding

Compared to ionic and covalent bonding, Hydrogen


bonding is a weaker form of chemical bonding. It is a
type of polar covalent bonding between oxygen and
hydrogen wherein the hydrogen develops a partial
positive charge. This implies that the electrons are
pulled closer to the more electronegative oxygen
atom.

This creates a tendency for the hydrogen to be


attracted towards the negative charges of any
neighbouring atom. This type of chemical bonding is
called a hydrogen bond and is responsible for many of
the properties exhibited by water.
Summary
A chemical bond is the physical process that causes
atoms and molecules to be attracted to each other
and held together in more stable chemical
compounds. Atoms are more reactive, and therefore
more likely to bond, when their outer electron
orbitals are not full

Metals are able to conduct heat and electricity, they


have a metallic lustre (shine), they are both
malleable (flexible) and ductile (stretchable) and
they have a high melting point and density.

Metallic bond is the electrostatic attraction


between the positively charged nuclei of metal
atoms and the delocalised electrons in the metal.
Reference
• Basic Chemistry Book [techknowledge]
• Wikipedia
• https://www.siyavula.com/read/science/grade10
/chemical-bonding/06-chemical-
bonding07#:~:text=A%20chemical%20bond%20is
%20the,
electron%20orbitals%20are%20not%20full.
• https://byjus.com/jee/chemical-bonding/

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