Study Notes for Grade 6  Face Detection or face recognition: identify faces in a shot and

automatically adjust the focus.

Digital Camera Part

Rules for better photography  Image editing software

o Photo editing software is programs we use to edit pictures like
1. Choosing a clear subject. (Picasa, Gimp, pixlr)
2. Stay away from distracting backgrounds.  Cropping: Cutting off the required part of the image.
3. Using the appropriate light and shade to make the photo brighter or  Rotating: Rotating the photo ensures level horizon.
darker, by adjusting the following settings:  Adjusting Colour temperature: adjusting photo colours.
a. Aperture = size of lenses  Adjusting Exposure, Contrast and Saturation: Adjusting
i. wide aperture: results in background out of focus (Blur) brightness of the photo.
ii. narrow aperture: results in that everything is in focus  Auto-Colour: Adjusting colour.
b. Shutter Speed :Time of taking shoot  Adding filters: for example (Art effects filter: Drawing,
i. Fast shutter speed freeze motion completely. cartoon or oil painting effects)
ii. Slow shutter speed it can create an effect called “motion  Remove background.
blur  Red eye correction.
c. ISO: lighting  Make photo collage.
i. High ISO : in dark rooms  Camera Modes
ii. Low ISO o Portrait mode
d. Rule of thirds o Landscape mode
i. If your photo has a horizon line, do not center the horizon o Marco mode
o Text mode
line or the bottom horizontal line. o Sunset mode
o Night mode
___________________________________________________________________
o Burst mode
 Optical vs digital zoom: o Smile and blink
o Optical zoom is better than Digital zoom.  Upload: transforming the photos from the camera to the computer.
o Optical zoom is true lens zoom, but digital zoom is crop and then  Tagging: Giving the photo a label to classify the photos into groups or
resize. tagging the people that are in the photo by labels of their names.
 Geo-tagging: “Geographical tagging”: Giving the photo a label of the place
 Autofocus where it was taken by using a map guided software like Google earth.
o make adjustments to get the best focus.  Rating: Giving the photo a mark or a degree of how good or bad it is.
 Face recognition: Used for detecting the faces in the photo.
 Producing podcasts  Wav file types are better quality than Mp3
 Audio Track is created after recording
Download Digital media then you can listen to it later
3
The criteria of effective podcast or radio magazine, the podcast should be 

o appropriate (suitable) for audience 1

4
o Interesting
o all audio is recorded and edited to a high Quality 2
o any backing music or effects effectively 1) Selection tool :to select part of track
o short not very long in order not to be boring 2) Zoom tool : to make zoom
3) Envelop tool : to change Volume of rack
4) Time Shift tool : to move track from side to another
TO create a podcast

 Create/write a script.
1- Cut : to delete selected part
 Record the audio podcast.
2- Copy : to duplicate part
 Edit the audio track (add effects, cut mistakes, add background music.)
3- Paste
 Invite comments from friends and family on your work. 4- Trim : keep selected part and delete the rest
 Revise your work after receiving feedback 5- Silence tool : to make the selected part mute
To record sound ___________________________________________________________________
 Get microphone Audacity effects
 Press record button
 Start talking  Amplify : change volume of track
 Press stop button  Fade in : start quietly then get loudly or higher
 Fade out : start loudly then get quietly
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
 Echo : repeat sound many times
 Audacity : is audio recording and editing software  Tempo : change speed of track without change pitch
 File type of Audacity : AUP  Pitch : change voice level ‫راجل عجوز الي طفل صغير‬
 Audio file types
o .wav
o .mp3
o .ogg
Types of podcast  Choosing a theme that is related to what you are blogging about.
 Including images, videos and helpful links.
 News podcast.
 Sports podcast.
 Educational podcast The Criteria of a successful Wiki:
 organized.
 Story podcast.
 The information provided is correct and reliable.
 School podcast
 Check grammar and spelling mistakes.
Import audio track CTRL + SHIFT + I  Contains images and videos that are related to the topic.
 It should maintain a neutral point of view.
 Add audio track to the application
 The resources used are cited correctly at the end of the article.
Export audio track  All the links are working correctly.
 Choose a good theme related to the topic.
 Save audio track then you can share it

___________________________________________________________________

Collaborative Research
Steps for creating a wiki:
1) Search for information according to the mind map.
Blog Wiki
2) Create a wiki account.
Used for sharing personal ideas and Used for group work research
thoughts 3) Create a wiki and name it with an appropriate name.
Only the author/administrator can edit The administrator can edit the 4) Provide links for source material.
the information in the posts information in the pages.
5) Review wiki with mind map to track what still needs to be included
The administrator can give permission
and achieved.
to others to add or edit the information
in the pages. 6) Proofread (To make sure that you don’t have any spelling or grammar
It consists of a group of posts that can It consists of a group of pages that can mistakes) the wiki.
contain images, videos or links. contain images, videos or links. 7) Invite your friends by mail.

What makes a good blog?

 Simple and easy to read style in the posts.
 Writing about your thoughts and impressions appropriate for your
audience.
 Making movies [Movie maker ] Steps of creating movie :

An application that is used to create and edit movie clips 1. Create a storyboard to the movie scenes.

Video file types 2. Choose the location and write the movie script.
3. Search and collect the B-roll you need for your movie.
 .mov
 .wmv 4. Shoot the movie scenes.
 .avi 5. Import your footage (images, videos) to the movie editing software "Movie
 Mpeg Maker"
 .mp4
6. Add music, transitions and effects to the movie.
7. Add titles, captions and credits to the movie.
 Storyboard : Graphical representation showing action in each scene 8. Save your work as .wmv
before filming or creating an animation. 9. Ask your friends for comments and feedback.
 Footage : picture, videos and audios you are going to use in the moe
10. Revise your work after receiving feedback.

 Broll : Extra footage (video before editing) 11. Share your movie in the internet. (Youtube)

 Title : text at the beginning of the movie ___________________________________________________________________

 Caption : text that describe the selected clip Shared document

 Credits : text at the end of movie  If you want to work as a group on your yearbook plan, you can use
Google Docs (Google Document) because it allows concurrent editing.
 Transition : Visual effects shown between one scene and another in video
or between two slides in a presentation  Concurrent editing; allowing more than one person to edit or write on the
 Effects : Visual effects added on a movie scene or a picture. same document on the same time.

_________________________________________________________________
 Power point application [ presentation ] The criteria of a good presenter:

 File type : .pptx  Reading from the slides without looking to the audience.
 CTRL + N  create presentation  Practice using the PowerPoint software before the presentation.
 CTRL + M  create new slide  Be active and engaging.
 F7  check spelling and grammar  Have a clear voice.
 Esc : to exit slide show  Wear formal and proper clothes.
 Change your voice tone when things are exciting.
 Research your topic well before presenting it.
 Slides : Are the empty pages where we can insert text, images or videos.
E safety
 Transition is the motion applied on The whole slide
 Animation is the motion applied on Anything that is selected (or  It means how to be safe online
highlighted) (contents) 1) Copyright : legal protection gives to author work to prevent use this work
 Slideshow : is series of images and text displayed in order and after each without permission
other like a slow movie. (*) Set of rules that protect authors’ work from being used without
 Outline slide content : A slide that contains the main point of the whole their permission
presentation. 2) Copyright apply to :
a. Painting
The criteria of a good presentation: b. Pictures
c. Sound track
 Don't use more than 2 or 3 different fonts. d. Software
 Well-structured and organized slides. e. Games
 Adding media; photos, songs and videos. f. Books
 Adding transitions and animations. g. Journal article
 Checking spelling and grammar mistakes. 3) Copyright exception:-
 Having a clear layout. a. Fair use
 Using hyperlinks. b. After 70 years of author death
c. Public domain
d. Education purpose
e. Author gives permission
4) Copyright infringement : [Violation ]
a. not follow copyright rules
b. copy CD to your friend
 Computer Basics  Hardware : The term used to define all input and output devices in a
computer
 Computer is a device that transforms data into meaningful information 

 The five basic operations performed by the computer?   Input Devices
o accept data
o store data
o process data o information that comes from an external source and is fed into
o retrieve the stored data computer software
o Print the result.
o Devices that allow you to put information into the computer.
 What are the stages (levels) in a simple computer model?  Mouse : for highlighting or selecting an object on the
o Input
screen
o Process
o Output  Keyboard : input short text
 Scanner : input digitize paper or printer document
 Web camera
Block diagram of Computer Organization  Mic
 Joystick
 Output Device
o computer hardware that is used to communicate the results of
data that has been processed by a computer system
 Monitor
 Printer
 Speaker
CPU it consists of two parts (CU , ALU)
 Plotter
 Cu  Control Unit (the process of input , output, processing , storage )
 Dot matrix [one of the printer types]
 ALU  Arithmetic Logical Unit ( The major operations performed by the
ALU are addition; subtract ion, multiplication, division, logic and
 Software: the application and programs which control the hardware
comparison.
[Windows – office – Games – Audacity – Scratch]
 Binary and Decimal Flowchart

 Convert into Binary  A flow Chart is a Diagram that illustrates the sequence of operations to
be performed to get the solution of a problem.
[13]  It allows you to solve a problem a step-by-step.

1- Write this numbers from right to left

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 Why flowcharts?

 Understand the program well.

 Be able to expect results.
 Be able to find errors.
2- Then start substations from left to right
 Break down the tasks into smaller ones
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1

The basic shapes.

Convert Ro Decimal

[10010111]

1- Write this numbers from right to left

1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

1 + 2 + 4 + 16 + 128 = 151
Rules of solving a problem

1- .1Define the problem

2- .2Define the basic processes.
3- .3Define the basic decisions.
4- .4Arrange the shapes in a sequential order.

Examples on flowchart
 Robot What are the different types of robots

 What is a Robot?  Educational Robots

 Exploratory Robots
Any man made machine that can perform work or any other actions
 Medical Robots
normally performed by humans
 Rescue Robots
 Mobile Robots
 What are robots made of?  Domestic Robots
 Reading robots
Robots are made of a variety of materials including metals and plastics

Sensors
What are the four main parts of a Robot?
• is a device that converts a real-world property into data that a computer
 Controller  the robots brain which is programmed by the user to can process.
tell the robot what to do.
 Sensors  the sensors are used to tell the robot about its
surroundings.
 Actuators  which cause the action in the robot, example: motors.
 Mechanical parts  the building parts of the robot’s body.

Why we use Robot

 more accurate.
 Do job more dangerous
 Carry heavy loads
 Never get bored
 Never get sick
 Can work in narrow places or under water

Many sensors are analogue devices so need to be connected to the computer

using an analogue-to-digital convertor. [interface box]
Actuators: Is a device, controlled by a computer that can affect the real-world. NXT Robot

Move Block

• Set your robot to go forwards or backwards in a straight line or

to turn.
• Define how far your robot will go by using the Duration property
(Rotations, Degrees, Seconds, Unlimited).

Sound Block

• Play a sound file or Tone.

•Control the volume.
Many of the devices that we use are controlled by small computers

Internal

 Washing machines
Wait Blocks
 Air-conditioning systems
 Programmable microwave ovens Lets the robot waits for a certain time or sensor before it
continues.
External

 Modern cars
 factory production lines
 Traffic lights Display

Why Use Computers to Control Thing? Display an Image, Text, Drawing on the Controller screen

 never need breaks

 don’t need to be paid
 can operate in conditions that dangerous
 more accurately , more quickly
 Sensors in NXT Robot

[Import Notes] 1- Light sensor

2- Ultrasonic sensor
The speed of an object is how fast or slow it’s moving. 3- Touch sensor
4- Sound Sensor
 It depends on the power level and the weight of the robots.
 A heavier robot will take longer time to complete 5 rotation than a
lighter robot
Light Sensors
The size of the wheels. The distance between the wheels
 Large wheels take long distance in few time  Detects light; it sends light waves and evaluates the reflected light, the
more light the higher reading it gets.
 Example: you can use this sensor to make the robot follow a black line
Loop Block
to walk on a specific track.

to repeat sequences of code. According to

Ultrasonic Sensors
 Time,
 Sensor,  Detects obstacles; it sends ultrasonic waves and
 Count,  Evaluates the received signals to calculate the distance between the
 Logic, sensor and the obstacle.
 Forever.

Touch sensors

Record Block it detects if the touch sensor is pressed or not and do what you program it to do
in each state (pressed or not)
Record an action done by the motors for a certain amount of Types
time seconds.
 Pumped
 Pressed
 Released
 BIG data Many organizations now share large sets of data freely.
 Organizations like the government, local councils, and world
 Data base: are used to organize large amount of data in a clear and organizations (like the United Nations) make data freely available.
consistent way.
 This means that anyone can look at and analyze the data.
 A database is an organized collection of data (information), held in
records.  Journalists often use open data sets to form the basis of news articles
 Each record has data arranged into fields (categories), like names,
addresses and phone numbers.

 Records can hold different types of data, such as text, numbers, dates
and currency.
Tournament
 So that no two records are exactly the same, they have a unique
identifier. A Document that specifies basic points in the event:
 Event name
 This is a field containing data that is different for each record, like an ID
number. It called Primary key  Location
 Date / time
We can use data base in :  Number of guests
 Hospital  Entertainment
 Advertising method ‫لاليفنت الدعاية طريقة‬
 Bank
o Flyers
 School o Posters
__________________________________________________________________ o Leaflets
 Big Data : it means large amount of Data, It includes data gathered from
o Social website
many different sources that is then analyzed o Web sites

 Data Mining : term used to describe analysing large amounts of data to How can I record this event
predict future events and trends. o By photos
 Predictive analytics : advanced analytics which is used to make o By videos
predictions about unknown future events
 Analysis of data is called :data mining
 data mining or Data analysis is important to Predict future outcomes,
events and trends
 predictive analytics : The analysis of Big Data to predict future outcomes
  Criteria to make good web design for adults:
HTML o Background should be simple
 o Should not contain many colors
 Hyper Text Markup Language o Colors should be suitable to web site purpose
 HTML code is used for building websites. o Text font shouldn't small or large
 To make a website we need an Editor to write the HTML code and a o Should not contain too many colors
Browser. o text colors should be suitable to web site purpose
 Browsers are used to translate the HTML code to the website form o The text should not be all in capital letters or italic font.
we see. o The links should be clear and work
 Browsers examples are o Use small sized photos
o Google Chrome,
o Internet Explorer,
o Firefox  Criteria to make good web design for Kids
o Opera. o Make it colorful
 The HTML code contains tags that tell the browser how the website o Use lots of photos.
should look. o You can use animated cartoon
 HTML tags are placed between two brackets <tag> o Add games
 Each tag has a starting tag <tag> and an ending tag that is the same
as the starting tag but with a slash </tag>
Email
 Electronic mail
 Sending & receiving messages electronically over the internet
 Sending mail is faster than traditional methods

Sam@yama.com
Sam @ Yama.com
( user name ) Symbol (domain name or Host name )

 To send mail , firstly you should click on "New "

o To : " main recipient "
o CC: " Carbon copy "
o BCC: " Blind carbon copy "
o Subject : " title of mail "
o Attachment " files "
o Body : "message text "
 What is the difference between Cc and Bcc? Cell Types:
 Example: Change the cell type from Number to Currency
o CC : You have sent the same email to several friends. You
want them to know who has been sent this email.

o BCC : You are sending the same email to several friends.

You do not want them to see another friend’s email
address.

Excel

 Spread sheet is an application is used :  Functions are equations that Excel has already created for you to use

o Perform complex calculations to make calculations.

o Present data using charts Example:

o =SUM(A1:A10); to add all the values from cell A1 to A10
o Solve problems.
o =MAX(A1:A10); to find the highest/Largest number from the
 Cell reference like A1 C4 AA1
numbers in the cells A1 to A10
 Cell range it means group of cells like
o =MIN(A1:A10); to find the smallest number from the numbers in the
o C4:H12
cells A1 to A10
 Wrap text : It makes long sentences fit into one cell.
o =AVERAGE(A1:A10); to calculate the average value for all the values
from A1 to A10
o =IF ( A1>50 ; "YES " ; "NO" ) is used to get selection

 Merge cells : combine more than one cell together Printing Functions:
o Press Formulas then Show Formulas
Formulas are equations that you create according to your problem to perform Chart types
a calculation.
A formula must start with an equal sign (=) Column Chart

o Addition +
o Subtraction -
o Divide /
o Multiply *

Charts : display data by visually way

Bar Chart
 To create chart
o Select or highlight data
o Go to insert tab
o Select chart type

Showing Data labels on charts:

Pie chart
Line chart [ show trends ] Organizational Chart

Heat map

Area

Pictograph

Scatter

Scratch

Whisker Box  Is a new programming language that lets you create your own
interactive stories, animations, games,
 Stage : The area where the Sprite moves
 Sprite : animated character which can do actions according to scipt
Bubble Plot  Script [ group of instructions]
 Script area : is the place where you write the Script for the Sprite
Reference Guide
 Artificial Intelligence

 Machine intelligence; the ability of a digital computer or robot to

perform tasks commonly performed by humans (intelligent beings).

Examples

o Text prediction on mobiles.

o Computer games.
o Chat bots.

 Chat bots: is a computer program designed to simulate an

intelligent conversation with one or more human users via auditory
or textual

 Turing test: Testing how intelligent the computer or robot

 Freewill : the power of making free choices
 Consciousness : be awake, alert and responsive to the surrounding
environment
Laws of Robotics  Advanced search " smart search " : use words or symbols to
Isaac Asimov in the 1940s narrow your search
o And to find two words together
 A robot must protect its own existence o Or
 A robot must obey the orders o Minus exclude
 A robot may not injure a human o Not exclude
o Define search for definition
A robot designer is responsible for everything their robots do. o " " exact phrase
o Search by type
Agree or not ????!!!!!

General Items for revision

Variable ( ‫) متغير‬ Constant ( ‫) ثابت‬

Computer symbol it has a name and Computer symbol it has a name and
value and its value can changed value and its value can't changed

 Compressing : reduce the size of file or folder to be smaller

 Mash up : combining data from different sources
 Backup : save a copy of my files in case of data loss
__________________________________________________________
 How to organize your Data ?
o Using folders
o Using Files
o Using Backup
______________________________________________________
 How can I detect errors in text ( methods for error
detecting )
o Check spelling
o Check grammar
o Proofreading