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Unit 2 Communication Study Guide

The document provides an overview of the nervous system, neuron signaling, the endocrine system, and vision. It defines key terms like the central nervous system, peripheral nervous system, brain regions, neurons, action potentials, hormones, endocrine glands, eye structures, and common vision disorders. Questions assess understanding of how these systems function to communicate within the body and with the outside world, as well as examples of disorders that occur with communication errors.

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78 views5 pages

Unit 2 Communication Study Guide

The document provides an overview of the nervous system, neuron signaling, the endocrine system, and vision. It defines key terms like the central nervous system, peripheral nervous system, brain regions, neurons, action potentials, hormones, endocrine glands, eye structures, and common vision disorders. Questions assess understanding of how these systems function to communicate within the body and with the outside world, as well as examples of disorders that occur with communication errors.

Uploaded by

viviann
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Unit 2 Communication Study Guide

2.1 Nervous System


1) Describe the structure and function of the central nervous system.

2) Identify organs of the peripheral nervous system.

3) Identify major regions of the human brain.

4) Match regions of the brain with their primary function in the human body.

5) Pick brain structure and function to determine the parts of the brain related to specific human actions,
emotions, and/or dysfunctions.

6) Show how a motor neuron, association neuron and sensory neuron are connected in neuronal pathways.
2.2 Neuron Signaling
1) How does communication happen within the body?

Electrical Signals 🡪 Nervous System Chemical Signals 🡪 Endocrine System

2) What is the basic structure and function of a neuron? Be able to label a neuron!!
Function Structure
Sends electrical signals through body
Dendrites (“trees”)—
Axon—
Myelin Sheath—
Nodes (“knots”) of Ranvier—
Axon Terminals (“ends”) —
Synapses—

Synaptic Cleft—
Neurotransmitters -

3) Describe how brain processing differs in reflex and voluntary responses.

4) Describe how the movement of ions across the cell membrane of a neuron generates an action
potential and propagates electrical signals.

5) How do neurons convey information using both electrical and chemical signals?

6) How do errors in communication impact homeostasis in the human body? Give an example of TWO
nervous system disorders.
2.3 Endocrine System
1) What is a hormone

2) What are examples of endocrine glands and exocrine glands in the human body?

Endocrine (make sure you know the glands in


the figure to the right 🡪 )

Exocrine –
Examples, products,
locations, etc.

3) How do feedback loops help regulate the actions of hormones? (Give examples; refer to your Inspiration diagrams).
Understand the gland, target and function of the following:
T3/T4 –

TSH –

Glucagon –

Insulin –

4) How can too little or too much hormone lead to disease?


**Be able to draw the THYROID Feedback loop!**
2.4 Vision - Communication with Outside World
1) How does the power of sight allow humans to communicate with the outside world?

2) How is light focused by the eye? (You must be able to label these structures on a diagram and TRACE the path of
light as it enters the eye until it reaches the optic nerve!)

Eye part Analogy What it does


cornea front window of eye

aqueous humor air in a basketball


(“water-like”)
iris shutter of camera
pupil keyhole into dark
room
lens lens in camera
vitreous humor air in a basketball
(“having nature of giving
life”)
retina film on camera

3) How do the eye and the brain work together to process what we see?

4) How does the eye perceive depth, color and optical illusions?

5) What is visual perception?

6) What does it mean to have 20/20 vision?


7) What is the difference between nearsightedness and farsightedness in terms of how images are projected on the
eye?

8) How can corrective lenses be used to refocus light and resolve myopia and hyperopia?

9) How does an error in the structure or function of the eye relate to disease or dysfunction?

10) How is life impacted by a vision disorder?


Disorder What’s happening Effect Intervention
Astigmatism glasses or contacts with a cylinder
(“condition of curve turn 2 focal points into 1
being without a
point”)
Hyperopia Image comes to focus BEHIND
Far-sightedness🡪Vision ok for
(“over seeing”)
RETINA🡪more common with distant objects, blurry up close
age
Myopia
Near-sightedness🡪Vision ok up
(“muscle eye”)
close, blurry for distant objects
(near-sighted)
Glaucoma

Retinitis
Pigmentosa
Cataracts Blurry vision Same as for non-flexible lens

Macular
Degeneration

Colorblindiness

Source: http://science.howstuffworks.com/innovation/everyday-innovations/lens2.htm
11) What are some medical professionals that treat eye disorders?

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