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Notes Chapter 18 Adaptation and Competition

This document discusses key concepts in ecology including ecosystems, communities, populations, and environmental and biotic factors. It also provides examples of populations like dandelions and owls. Individuals live in populations to find food, shelter, breed, and gain protection. As populations grow, overcrowding can occur as individuals compete for limited resources. Exponential population growth is not sustained due to lack of resources, overcrowding, and buildup of waste. Adaptations help organisms like camels, polar bears, and cacti survive in their environments.

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yasmin husham
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42 views4 pages

Notes Chapter 18 Adaptation and Competition

This document discusses key concepts in ecology including ecosystems, communities, populations, and environmental and biotic factors. It also provides examples of populations like dandelions and owls. Individuals live in populations to find food, shelter, breed, and gain protection. As populations grow, overcrowding can occur as individuals compete for limited resources. Exponential population growth is not sustained due to lack of resources, overcrowding, and buildup of waste. Adaptations help organisms like camels, polar bears, and cacti survive in their environments.

Uploaded by

yasmin husham
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Notes chapter 18 adaptation and competition

Ecology is sometimes called the study of ecosystem


=Each ecosystem is made up of two parts
A nonliving part called the habitat
A living part called the community
It has the conditions that they need to survive such as the right
amount of light oxygen or water and a suitable temperature
Each community is made up of different populations of animals
and plants
Define population: a population is a group of individuals of the
same species
Each population in the community is adapted to live in that
.particular habitat
All ecosystems together make a biosphere
What are the environmental factors that affect the
?ecosystem
Water
Water is needed for all living organisms to live
Temperature
Mammals and birds have to maintain a constant body
temperature this is bc the enzymes in their bodies work at a
constant body temperature which is 40 degree Celsius
Light
Light is needed for photosynthesis which provides energy for
the plants
Air
Few organisms can live without oxygen they need it for
respiration
?What are the biotic factors present in the community
competition-1
predation-2
disease-3
grazers-4
decomposers-5
effect of humans-6
:Give examples of population
Dandelions on a lawn
Owls in wood
?Why do you think individuals live in population
the habitat provides food, shelter, light, or other factors -1
needed
the individuals come together to breed-2
individuals may gain more protection in a group -3
.Write some disadvantages of living in a population
As the population grows there may be overcrowding and
.individuals compete for food, space, light etc
Define exponential growth=the minimum rate of growth
?Why doesn't our yeast population go on increasing
Lack of food
Overcrowding
Build up of poisonous waste
?What sort of things could prvent a population increasing
Food and water
Oxygen
Toxic wastes
Overcrowding
Predators
Disease
Climate
Lack of shelter
Movement into a population is called immigration
Movement out of a population is called emigration
Formula for sampling animals –P=MxS\R
For sampling plants we use quadrat
Write a short not about camels
It can drink 40 pins of water in 10 mins
Its stomach can store 500 pins of water for a short time
No layer of fat under the skin
Its body has a large surface area to volum ratio
It has large feet to carry the load
Write a short not about polar bear
Polar bears have small ears
They have thick layer of fat under their skin
Their fur is white a thick
They are strong swimmers and fast runners
Sharp teeth and long claws
?What is the three adaptation of the cacti plant
They have swollen stems
They have a thick waxy ccuticle
They have shiny faces

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