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Escalators - BMC Notes

An escalator is a moving staircase that transports people between floors using a motor-driven chain of connected steps. Escalators are used worldwide in places like malls, airports, and transit systems to efficiently move large crowds where elevators would not work. They have parallel, crisscross, or multiple parallel configurations. Escalators consist of landing platforms, a truss, tracks to guide the steps, connected steps, and a handrail to provide stability.

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92 views23 pages

Escalators - BMC Notes

An escalator is a moving staircase that transports people between floors using a motor-driven chain of connected steps. Escalators are used worldwide in places like malls, airports, and transit systems to efficiently move large crowds where elevators would not work. They have parallel, crisscross, or multiple parallel configurations. Escalators consist of landing platforms, a truss, tracks to guide the steps, connected steps, and a handrail to provide stability.

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Ebin Joy
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ESCALATORS

An escalator is a moving staircase – a


conveyer transport device for carrying
people between floors of a building.
The device consists of a motor -driven
chain of individual, linked steps that
move up or down on tracks, allowing
the step treads to remain horizontal.
Escalators are used around the world to move
pedestrian traffic in places where elevators would be
impractical.
Principal areas of usage include department stores,
shopping malls, airports, transit systems, hotels, arenas,
stadiums and public buildings.
The benefits of escalators are many.
They have the capacity to move large numbers of
people, and they can be placed in the same
physical space as one might install a staircase.
They can be used to guide people toward main
exits or special exhibits, and they may be
weatherproofed for outdoor use.
Escalators have 3 typical configuration options:

1) PARALLEL
2) CRISCROSS
3) MULTIPLE PARALLEL
• Parallel -up and down escalators "side by
side or separated by a distance", seen
often in metro stations and multilevel
motion picture theaters
• Crisscross -minimizes structural space
requirements by "stacking" escalators
that go in one direction, frequently
used in department stores or shopping
centers
• Multiple parallel -two or more escalators
together that travel in one direction next
to one or two escalators in the same bank
that travel in the other direction.

Escalators are required to have moving


handrails that keep pace with the movement
of the steps. The direction of movement
(up or down) can be permanently the same,
or be controlled by personnel according to
the time of day, or automatically.
COMPONENTS OF AN ESCALATOR
Landing platforms -These two platforms house
the curved sections of the tracks, as well as the
gears and motors that drive the stairs. The top
platform contains the motor assembly and the
main drive gear, while the bottom holds the
step return idler sprockets. These sections
also anchor the ends of the escalator truss.
In addition, the platforms contain a floor
plate and a comb plate. The floor plate
provides a place for the passengers to
stand before they step onto the moving
stairs. This plate is flush with the finished
floor and is either hinged or removable to
allow easy access to the machinery below.
- The comb plate is the piece between the
stationary floor plate and the moving
step.
Truss -The truss is a hollow metal structure that
bridges the lower and upper landings. It is
composed of two side sections joined together
with cross braces across the bottom and just
below the top. The ends of the truss are
attached to the top and bottom landing
platforms via steel or concrete supports.
Tracks -The track system is built into the truss to
guide the step
chain, which continuously pulls the steps from the
bottom platform and back to the top in an endless
loop.
There are actually two tracks: one for the front
wheels of the steps (called the step-wheel track) and
one for the back wheels of the steps (called the
trailer-wheel track). The relative positions of these
tracks cause the steps to form a staircase as they
move out from under the comb plate.
Steps -The steps themselves are solid, one piece, die-
cast aluminum or steel. Yellow demarcation lines
may be added to clearly indicate their edges. The
steps are linked by a continuous metal chain that
forms a closed loop. The front and back edges of the
steps are each connected to two wheels. The rear
wheels are set further apart to fit into the back track
and the front wheels have shorter axles to fit into the
narrower front track. As described above, the
position of the tracks controls the orientation of the
steps.
Handrail- The handrail provides a convenient
handhold for passengers while they are riding the
escalator. In an escalator, the handrail is pulled
along its track by a chain that is connected to the
main drive gear by a series of pulleys. It is
constructed of four distinct sections. At the
center of the handrail is a "slider", also known as
a "glider ply", which is a layer of a cotton or
synthetic textile.
The purpose of the slider layer is to allow the handrail
to move smoothly along its track. The next layer,
known as the "tension member‖, consists of either
steel cable or flat steel tape, and provides the
handrail with tensile strength and flexibility. On top
of tension member are the inner construction
components, which are made of chemically treated
rubber designed to prevent the layers from
separating. Finally, the outer layer—the only part that
passengers. Escalator balustrades are usually made
of laminated glass or as steel structures covered in
sheet metal.
THANK YOU

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