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Determination of Residual Chlorine

This document describes a procedure to determine the amount of residual chlorine in a water sample. Residual chlorine is the chlorine remaining after satisfying the chlorine demand of water. It is measured using a titration with sodium thiosulphate solution. Potassium iodide is added to the water sample to react with residual chlorine and form iodine. This iodine is then titrated with sodium thiosulphate until the solution becomes colorless, indicating all chlorine has been removed. The volume of sodium thiosulphate used is then used to calculate the concentration of residual chlorine in mg/L. The procedure is carried out to check the chlorine levels in water after treatment and

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Ajay Krishnanv
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425 views5 pages

Determination of Residual Chlorine

This document describes a procedure to determine the amount of residual chlorine in a water sample. Residual chlorine is the chlorine remaining after satisfying the chlorine demand of water. It is measured using a titration with sodium thiosulphate solution. Potassium iodide is added to the water sample to react with residual chlorine and form iodine. This iodine is then titrated with sodium thiosulphate until the solution becomes colorless, indicating all chlorine has been removed. The volume of sodium thiosulphate used is then used to calculate the concentration of residual chlorine in mg/L. The procedure is carried out to check the chlorine levels in water after treatment and

Uploaded by

Ajay Krishnanv
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Exp.

No:
Date: xx/xx/2015
DETERMINATION OF RESUDUAL CHLORINE
Aim:
To determine the residual chlorine in the given sample of water.
Apparatus:
Burette and burette stand, porcelain tile, wash bottle, 250 ml graduated cylinder, 500 ml conical flask.
Chemicals Required:
Potassium Iodide crystals, Sodium thiosulphate, Starch indicator, Acetic acid.
Theory:
When chlorine is added to water, some of the chlorine reacts with organic materials and metals in the water.
This phenomenon is called the chlorine demand of water. A breaking point is attained when whatever chlorine
is added to water appears as residual chlorine.
Only the chlorine that remains after satisfying the chlorine demand is available for disinfection. Thus, total
chlorine in water is classified as:
 Combined chlorine: The amount of chlorine that has reacted with the nitrates and is unavailable for disinfection.
 Free chlorine: The chlorine available to inactivate disease causing organisms. It helps in measuring the
portability of water.
Residual chlorine in purified water is tested by the starch iodine test. The test is carried out by the addition of KI
followed by starch. When KI is added to water sample, it produces iodide ions in solution which will react with
chlorine to form iodine, giving a yellow colour to the solution.
+2 → +2

In presence of starch, the iodine produces a blue colour, which is taken as evidence of residual chlorine
+ starch → Blue colour

The total amount of chlorine residual present in given water can be quantitatively measured by titrating the
iodine released with standard solution of a reducing agent such as Sodium thiosulphate. The end point of
titration is indicated by disappearance of blue colour.

+2 → 2NaI +

Preparation of Reagent:
0.01N Sodium thiosulphate solution
 Weigh approximately 2.482g of sodium thiosulphate ( ).

 Transfer it to a beaker and dissolve it in boiled distilled water.


 Transfer it to the standard flask and make it up to 100 ml.

Observation:

Burette reading (ml) Volume of


Sl No. Volume of sample titrant Residual
(ml) Initial Final chlorine
(ml) (mg/L)

1. 100 0

2. 100 0

Calculation:

Residual Chlorine =

= mg/L
Procedure:
 Rinse the burette with sodium thiosulphate solution and then fill the burette with the same.
 Fix the burette to the stand.
 Take 100 ml of the given sample in a conical flask.
 Add 5 ml acetic acid to acidify the sample. It is used to reduce the pH between 3 and 4 .
 Add about 1g of potassium iodide (KI) measured using the spatula and dissolve it by thoroughly mixing it with
stirring rod.
 Perform the titration quickly, since iodine liberates quickly.

 Titrate the solution with standard solution until the yellow colour of liberated iodine is almost faded

out (pale yellow colour).


 Add 1ml of starch solution and continue the titration until the blue colour disappears. In many cases residual
chlorine is very low and starch needs to be added before starting up the titration.
 Note down the burette reading to calculate the volume of sodium thiosulphate added.
Result:

Amount of residual chlorine = mg/L

Inference:

 The sample is obtained by mixing a particular amount of bleaching powder in water.


 Residual chlorine is measured to be __________mg/L
 Active chlorine should be present at each stage of water treatment and distribution.
 The residual chlorine at consumers end should be _______mg/L.
 Presence of excessive chlorine gives bad odour and taste and is also harmful. It may lead to cancer, skin and eye
irritation.
 To avoid excess chlorination, water sample need to be boiled before domestic use.

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