Designation: D2949 − 10

Standard Specification for

3.25-in. Outside Diameter Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic
Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipe and Fittings1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2949; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

1. Scope* D1784 Specification for Rigid Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)

1.1 This specification covers requirements and test methods Compounds and Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl Chloride)
for materials, dimensions and tolerances, deflection load, crush (CPVC) Compounds
resistance, flattening resistance, impact resistance, and solvent D2122 Test Method for Determining Dimensions of Ther-
cement. A form of marking is also included. Plastic which does moplastic Pipe and Fittings
not meet the material requirements specified in Section 5 is D2152 Test Method for Adequacy of Fusion of Extruded
excluded. Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Pipe and Molded Fittings by
Acetone Immersion
NOTE 1—This specification was formerly issued under the title, 3-in. D2412 Test Method for Determination of External Loading
Thin Wall Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipe
Characteristics of Plastic Pipe by Parallel-Plate Loading
and Fittings.
NOTE 2—Techniques for making solvent-cement joints are given in D2444 Test Method for Determination of the Impact Resis-
Practice D2855. tance of Thermoplastic Pipe and Fittings by Means of a
1.2 The text of this specification references notes, footnotes, Tup (Falling Weight)
and appendixes which provide explanatory material. These D2564 Specification for Solvent Cements for Poly(Vinyl
notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Piping Systems
not be considered as requirements of the specification. D2855 Practice for Making Solvent-Cemented Joints with
Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Pipe and Fittings
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded D3311 Specification for Drain, Waste, and Vent (DWV)
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical Plastic Fittings Patterns
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only F402 Practice for Safe Handling of Solvent Cements,
and are not considered standard. Primers, and Cleaners Used for Joining Thermoplastic
1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the Pipe and Fittings
test methods portion, Section 7, of this specification: This F412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, F1498 Specification for Taper Pipe Threads 60° for Thermo-
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user plastic Pipe and Fittings
of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita- 3. Terminology
tions prior to use. 3.1 Definitions—Definitions are in accordance with Termi-
nology F412, and abbreviations are in accordance with Termi-
2. Referenced Documents
nology D1600, unless otherwise specified.
2.1 ASTM Standards:2
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing 4. Significance and Use
D1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to Plas-
4.1 The requirements of this specification are intended to
tics
provide pipe and fittings suitable for drainage of sewage and
certain other liquid wastes where toughness, resistance to
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on Plastic deterioration from water and chemicals, flattening and aging
Piping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.63 on DWV. resistance, and strong tight joints are required.
Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2010. Published January 2011. Originally
approved in 1971. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D2949 – 01a (2008) ε1. 4.2 When joining 3.25-in. outside diameter PVC DWV
DOI: 10.1520/D2949-10.
2
piping to 3-in. Schedule 40 PVC DWV piping, it is necessary
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
to use either reducer bushings or increasers, as shown in the
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on tables at the end of the text, due to the differences in pipe
the ASTM website. outside diameters.

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard

Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States

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 D2949 − 10
NOTE 3—Industrial waste disposal lines should be installed only with 6.3.1 Pipe—The pipe shall support a minimum load of 600
the specific approval of the cognizant building code authority since lbf/linear ft (810 N/m) at 15 % deflection of the original
chemicals not commonly found in drains and sewers, and temperatures in
excess of 160°F (70°C), may be encountered.
diameter (deflection load), and shall deflect 60 % of the
original diameter (crush resistance) without cracking, rupture,
5. Materials or other visible evidence of failure when tested in accordance
5.1 Basic Materials—Pipe and fittings shall be made from with 7.4. The minimum pipe stiffness at 5 % deflection shall be
virgin poly (vinyl chloride) compounds meeting the require- 115 lbf/in.·in. (800 kPa).
ments of Class 12454, as defined and described in Specification 6.3.2 Fittings—Individual fittings unassembled shall with-
D1784. stand a minimum load of 1000 lbf/ft (1350 N/m) of centerline
length without cracking or other visible evidence of failure
5.2 Rework Material—The manufacturer shall use only his when tested in accordance with 7.4. This requirement does not
own clean pipe or fitting rework material and the pipe or fitting apply to inline fittings.
produced shall meet all the requirements of this specification.
6.4 Flattening Resistance—The average decrease in inside
5.3 Solvent Cement—The solvent cement shall meet the
diameters of pipe and fittings shall not exceed 10 % when
requirements of Specification D2564.
tested in accordance with 7.5 (Note 3).
6. Requirements 6.5 Impact Resistance—The minimum impact resistance,
6.1 General—The pipe and fittings shall be homogeneous when tested at the time of manufacture, shall be 50 ft·lbf (67.79
throughout and free of visible cracks, holes, foreign inclusions, J) at 73°F (23°C) for pipe and 20 ft·lbf (27.12 J) at 73°F for
or other injurious defects. The pipe shall be as uniform as fittings. Test in accordance with Test Method D2444 using Tup
commercially practicable in color, opacity, density, and other C and Holder A for pipe and Tup A and Holder B for fittings.
physical properties. Use a 12-lb (5-kg) tup for testing pipe and fittings. Test
6.1.1 The requirements in this section are intended only for couplings cemented to short pieces of pipe and allowed to dry
use as quality control tests, not as simulated service tests. for 24 h.
6.2 Dimensions and Tolerances—All dimensions shall be 6.5.1 Test 10 specimens. When 9 or 10 specimens pass,
measured in accordance with Test Method D2122. All toler- accept the lot. When 2 or more specimens fail, test 10
ances shall meet the requirements of Tables 1-11 unless additional specimens. When 17 of 20 specimens tested pass,
otherwise specified. accept the lot. When 4 or more of 20 specimens fail, test 20
6.2.1 Pipe: additional specimens. When 32 of 40 specimens pass, accept
6.2.1.1 Pipe Dimensions—The outside diameters and wall the lot. When 9 or more of 40 specimens fail, the lot does not
thicknesses of the pipe shall meet the requirements of Table 1. meet the requirements of this specification.
6.2.1.2 Pipe Length—The pipe shall be in either 10 or 20-ft 6.5.2 Failure of the test specimen shall be shattering or any
or 3 or 6-m lengths, unless otherwise specified with allowable crack or break extending entirely through the pipe wall and
tolerance of +1⁄2 in., 0 in. or +13 mm, −0 mm. visible to the unaided eye.
6.2.2 Fittings: 6.6 Threads—For all fittings having taper pipe threads,
6.2.2.1 Fittings-Socket Dimensions—The socket dimensions threads shall conform to Specification F1498 and be gaged in
of fittings shall meet the requirements given in Table 2. accordance with 7.6.
6.2.2.2 Fittings Laying Length Dimensions—The laying
length dimensions of fittings, shall conform to the requirements 6.7 Extrusion Quality—The pipe shall not flake or disinte-
given in Table 3 through Table 11. grate when tested in accordance with Test Method D2152.
6.2.2.3 Transition Adapters—The dimensions of adapters
for connecting plastic pipe to cast iron hubs shall conform to 7. Test Methods
the dimensions given in Table 4. 7.1 Sampling—Take a random sample from each lot or
6.2.2.4 Fittings Dimensions—The dimensions of fittings shipment of the pipe and fittings sufficient to determine
covered by this specification shall meet the requirements given conformance with this specification. About 40 ft (12 m) of pipe
in Table 3 through Table 11. are required to make the tests prescribed. The number of
NOTE 4—Additional fittings in IPS dimensions are included in Speci- fittings required varies depending on the size and type of
fication D3311. fitting.
6.3 Deflection Load and Crush Resistance: 7.2 Conditioning:

TABLE 1 Dimensions and Tolerances for Outside Diameters and Thicknesses of PVC 3.25-in. Outside Diameter Plastic Drain, Waste,
and Vent Pipe, in. (mm)
Nominal Outside Diameter Wall ThicknessA
Pipe Size, Tolerance on Out-of-Roundness
Average Min Tolerance
in. Average (maximum minus minimum)
3.25 3.250 (82.56) ±0.008 (±0.20) 0.030 (0.76) 0.125 (3.18) +0.020 (+0.50)
A
The minimum is the lowest wall thickness of the pipe at any cross section. The maximum permitted wall thickness, at any cross section, is the minimum wall thickness
plus the stated tolerance.

2
 D2949 − 10
TABLE 2 Dimensions and Tolerances for Fitting Sockets for 3.25-in. Outside Diameter PVC Plastic Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipe Fittings,
in. (mm)
NOTE 1—Spigot ends shall conform to the outside diameters and tolerances for pipe of the same size

C
Nominal A B D
Spigot and
Pipe Size, Socket Entrance Diameter Socket Bottom Diameter Wall Thickness
Socket Depth
in.
avgA TmB avgC TmB min minD,E
3.25 3.265 (82.94) ±0.008 (±0.20) 3.245 (82.42) ±0.008 (±0.20) 11⁄2 (38) 0.140 (3.56)
A
The tolerances on this average are +0.010 to −0.005 in. (+0.25 to −0.13 mm).
B
Tm = permissible deviation of diameter from measured average, often called out-of-roundness.
C
Tolerance on average +0.005 in., −0.010 in. (+0.13 mm, −0.25 mm).
D
Minimum wall thickness in the socket is 0.125 in.
E
The wall thickness is a minimum value except that a ±10 % variation resulting from core shift is allowable. In such a case, the average of the two opposite wall thicknesses
shall equal or exceed the value shown in the table.

TABLE 3 3.25-in. Outside Diameter Bends, in. (mm)

Nominal Pipe Long-Sweep 1⁄4

⁄ Bend G, min
14 ⁄ Bend J, min
18 ⁄ Bend J, min
16 ⁄
1 16 Bend J, min
Size, in. Bend G, min
3.25 27⁄8 (73) 4 (101.6) 1 (25.4) 11⁄4 (31.8) ⁄ (15.88)
58

7.2.1 For referee testing at 73°F, condition the specimens until the diameter is reduced by 60 % of its original value
prior to test at 73.4 6 3.6°F (23 6 2°C) and 50 6 5 % relative (crush resistance). The rate of head approach shall be 0.20 to
humidity in accordance with Practice D618, Procedure A. 0.25 in./min (5.1 to 6.4 mm/min). Each specimen shall meet
7.2.2 For routine quality control testing at 73°F, condition the requirements of 6.3.1.
the specimens at the temperature and humidity of the manu- 7.4.1 Fitting Test Specimens—Test three complete fittings.
facturers testing facility for not less than 1 h or until the Shim fittings to give full centerline contact with platens.
specimens are at the room temperature. Fittings having nonuniform diameters such as reducers shall be
7.3 Test Conditions: considered acceptable when the wall thickness at all points is
7.3.1 For referee purposes, conduct tests in the standard equal to or greater than the wall thickness of pipe of the same
laboratory atmosphere of 73.4 6 3.6°F (23 6 2°C) and 50 6 material and diameter that meets the crush resistance require-
5 % relative humidity. ments. Each specimen shall meet the requirements of 6.3.2.
7.3.2 For routine quality control testing, conduct tests at the 7.4.2 Procedure—Terminate the test when the inside diam-
temperature and humidity of the manufacturers testing area. eter of pipe test specimens is reduced to 40 % of its original
7.4 Deflection Load and Crush Resistance—Measure the value or the pipe cracks or shows other visible evidence of
deflection load and crush resistance of pipe and fittings in failure. Terminate the test on fittings when the load reaches
accordance with Test Method D2412. In the test for pipe note 1000 lbf/ft (1350 N/m) of centerline length. Observe the load
the load when the initial inside diameter is reduced by 5 % and deflection at the first evidence of cracking, if any. Record
(pipe stiffness), by 15 % (deflection load), and continue the test location and type of failure.

3
 D2949 − 10
TABLE 4 3.25-in. Outside Diameter Reducing Spigots, in. (mm)

M
Nominal Pipe Size, in. L2, min L1, min L3, min AJ, Nominal
max min
3.25 by 4-in.
37⁄8 (98.4) 55⁄8 (142.9) ⁄ (9.5)
38 49⁄16 (115.9) 41⁄2 (114.3) 37⁄8 (98.4)
Cast Iron

TABLE 5 3.25-in. Outside Diameter Reducing Sanitary Tee and 45° Wyes, in. (mm)

Sanitary Tee Reducing 45° Wye Reducing Single and Double

Nominal Pipe Size, in.
G1 , min G2, min G3, min G1, min G2, min G3, min
3.25 by 3.25 by 15⁄16 (23.8) 13⁄4 (44.5) 23⁄16 (55.6) 3⁄8 (9.5) 31⁄4 (82.5) 317⁄32 (89.7)
11⁄2-in. IPS
3.25 by 3.25 by 2-in. IPS 13⁄8 (34.9) 2 (50.8) 21⁄4 (57.2) ⁄ (9.5)
38 31⁄4 (82.5) 311⁄16 (93.6)

TABLE 6 3.25-in. Outside Diameter Bushings in. (mm)

Nominal Pipe Style 1

Size, in. L, min CM, min R, min
3.25 by 11⁄2-in. IPS 17⁄8 (47.6) 11⁄8 (28.6) ⁄ (9.5)
38

3.25 by 2-in. IPS 17⁄8 (47.6) 1 (25.4) 3⁄8 (9.5)

3.25 by 3-in. IPS 13⁄4 (44.5) 1⁄4 (6.4) 0 (0)

7.4.3 Calculation—For pipe, divide the load in pounds- load and crush resistance, respectively, in pounds per linear
force or newtons at 15 % deflection (deflection load) and also foot, or newtons per metre. For pipe stiffness, divide the load
at failure (crush resistance), if such occurred, by the length of in pounds-force or newtons at 5 % deflection by the specimen
the pipe test specimen in feet or metres to obtain the deflection length in inches or metres and then divide by the deflection in

4
 D2949 − 10
TABLE 7 4-in. by 3.25-in. Outside Diameter Reducing Closet Ring
NOTE 1—Slot is optional if fully reinforced with a corrosion-resistant material.

4( × 3( REDUCING CLOSET RING

Closet Flange, in. (mm)A

in. mm
7 (180)
4 (101.5)
2 3 ⁄4 (70)
1 1 ⁄4 (32)
1⁄2 (13)
7⁄16 (11)
1⁄4 (6.5)
A
Tolerance ±1⁄16 in. or ±1.6 mm.

TABLE 8 3.25-in. Outside Diameter Sanitary Tees—45° Wyes, in. (mm)

Sanitary Tee Single and Double, min 45° Wye Single and Double, min
Nominal Pipe Size, in.
GN GJ GN GJ
3.25 17⁄16 (36.5) 215⁄16 (74.6) 34 ⁄ (19.0) 41⁄8 (104.8)

inches or metres. Calculate the values for each specimen 7.6 Threads—All taper pipe threads shall be gaged in
separately. Examine the test results for each specimen for accordance with Specification F1498.
conformance to the requirements of 6.3.1 and 6.3.2.
8. Retest and Rejection
7.5 Flattening Resistance—Cut cleanly four pipe test
specimens, each 6 in. (150 mm) in length. The fitting speci- 8.1 If the results of any test(s) do not meet the requirements
mens shall consist of four complete fittings. Mark and measure of this specification, the test(s) shall be conducted again only
a diameter on the inside to the nearest 0.001 in. (0.02 mm). by agreement between the purchaser and seller. Under such
Place the specimens on a flat-rigid base with the measured agreement, minimum requirements shall not be lowered,
diameter in a vertical position and place the assembly in a changed, or modified, nor shall specification limits be changed.
circulating air oven. Load pairs of test specimens symmetri- If upon retest, failure occurs, the quantity of product repre-
cally by means of a rigid plate with a total load of 55 lb (25 kg), sented by the test(s) does not meet the requirements of this
and place in the oven maintained at 122 6 5.4°F (50 6 3°C) specification.
for 40 6 1 h. Unload the specimens and remove from the oven.
After cooling for 1 h, remeasure the marked and measured 9. Marking
inside diameters, and calculate the average change in percent 9.1 Pipe—The pipe shall be marked in letters not less than
of the initial inside diameter. Examine the results for confor- ⁄ in. (5 mm) high in a contrasting color and shall as a
3 16

mance to the requirements of 6.4. minimum consist of the manufacturer’s name or trademark,

5
 D2949 − 10
TABLE 9 3.25-in. Outside Diameter Couplings and Adapter, in. (mm)

Coupling Female Adapter Male Adapter Female Fitting Adapter

Nominal Pipe Size, in.
N, min N, min N, min N, min
3.25 3⁄16 (4.8) 7⁄16 (11.1) 5⁄16 (7.9) 1⁄8 (3.2)

TABLE 10 3.25-in. Outside Diameter Pipe Increasers, in. (mm)

Nominal Pipe Size, in. C, min

3.25 by 11⁄2-in. IPS ⁄ (12.7)
12

3.25 by 2-in. IPS 3⁄8 (9.5)

3.25 by 3-in. IPS 3⁄4 (19.0)

TABLE 11 3.25-in. Outside Diameter Bends with Inlets, in. (mm)

14⁄ Bend with Low Heel Inlet, min Long-Sweep 1⁄4 Bend with High Heel Inlet, min
Nominal Pipe Size, in.
G N G N GG
3.25 by 11⁄4-in. IPS 27⁄8 (73.0) 4 (102) 4 (102) 511⁄16 (144.5) 21⁄2 (63.5)
3.25 by 2-in. IPS 27⁄8 (73.0) 41⁄8 (104.8)

3.25-in. OD PVC DWV ASTM D2949, spaced at intervals of 10. Quality Assurance
not more than 5 ft (1.5 m). 10.1 When the product is marked with this designation,
9.2 Fittings—All fittings shall be marked on the body or D2949, the manufacturer affirms that the product was
hub. The marking shall as a minimum consist of the manufac- manufactured, inspected, sampled, and tested in accordance
turer’s name or trademark, and the symbol 3.25-in. OD PVC with this specification and has been found to meet the
DWV. requirements of this specification.

6
 D2949 − 10
11. Keywords
11.1 3.25 in. O.D.; DWV; fittings; pipe; plastic; PVC;
thin-wall

APPENDIX

(Nonmandatory Information)

X1. STORAGE AND INSTALLATION PROCEDURES FOR PVC PLASTIC DRAIN, WASTE, AND VENT PIPING

X1.1 Storage—Do not store pipe and fittings in direct diameter) or an applicator supplied with the can of cement.
sunlight for long periods. Store pipe in such a manner as to Apply a moderate even coating of cement in the fitting socket,
prevent sagging or bending. Exposure to sunlight during completely covering the pipe joining surfaces only. Heavy or
normal construction periods is not harmful. It is good practice excessive applications of cement may become an obstruction
to store pipe and fittings under suitable cover prior to installa- inside the piping. Quickly apply a heavy even coat of cement
tion. to the outside of the pipe. Make sure that the coated distance on
the pipe is equal to the depth of the fitting socket.
X1.2 Visibility of Marking—Always position pipe and fit-
tings so that identifying markings are readily visible to X1.5.5 Assembly—Make the joint as quickly as possible
inspection when installed. after application of the cement and before the cement dries.
Insert the pipe into the fitting socket, turning the pipe slightly
X1.3 Solvent Cement—Use solvent cements meeting the
to ensure even distribution of cement. Make sure that the pipe
requirements of Specification D2564, and packaged in contain-
is inserted to the full depth of the socket. Remove excess
ers suitable for size of pipe being joined. Do not thin the
solvent cement from the exterior of the joint with a clean, dry
cement. Discard cement that has thickened. Solvent cements
are flammable. Keep away from heat, spark, and open flame. cloth. Reasonable handling of the assembly is permissible after
Avoid prolonged breathing of vapors. Prolonged contact with 2 min. Do not attempt to disturb the pipe-fitting joint until after
skin is harmful. Use with adequate ventilation and avoid the cement has set; damage to the joint and loss of fit may
contact with eyes and skin. For further information, see result. Should the cement dry partially before joint is made up,
Practice F402. reapply cement before assembly. Allow 15 min for the joint to
develop good handling strength.
X1.4 Socket Fit—The PVC pipe and fittings are manufac-
tured to close tolerances. Close tolerances are required to X1.6 Joints:
ensure satisfactory“ interference” fit between the pipe and
X1.6.1 Threaded Connection—Do not cut threads on PVC
fitting during the solvent cement joining. Use only pipe and
drain, waste, and vent pipe. Molded threads are permitted. Use
fitting combinations that give interference fits. Pipes that are
of adapter fittings for transition to threaded construction is
“loose” when bottomed in a socket may not properly fuse
necessary except in the case of cleanout plugs. The joint
chemically. The allowable tolerances assure a forced fit and
between the PVC pipe and transition fitting should be of the
when solvent is applied will readily mate, thus assuring a
solvent cement type. Only approved thread tape or thread
chemical fusion equal in strength to the pipe or fitting.
lubricant specifically intended for use with PVC plastic pipe
Attempting to correct a loose fit after assembly by additional
should be used. Conventional pipe thread compounds, putty,
cement may result in an unsatisfactory joint.
linseed oil-base products, and unknown mixtures should be
X1.5 Joining Technique: avoided.
X1.5.1 Cutting the Pipe— Cut the pipe square with saws or X1.6.2 Connections to Traps—Connect traps by means of
pipe cutters designed specifically for this material; protect pipe approved threaded trap adapters.
and fittings from serrated holding devices and abrasion.
X1.6.3 Connection to Closet Flanges—Install screw-type
X1.5.2 Deburring Pipe— Remove burrs from inside and
closet flanges in the drainage system by means of a threaded
outside pipe edges.
connection. Install caulk-type closet flanges in accordance with
X1.5.3 Cleaning Joining Surfaces —Wipe off all dust, dirt, the procedure outlined in X1.6.6.
and moisture from surfaces to be cemented with a clean, dry
rag or paper towel. Remove gloss and any oily film from the X1.6.4 Connection to Nonplastic Pipe—When connecting
pipe and mating socket with clean steel wool, fine abrasive plastic pipe to other types of piping use only approved types of
paper, chemical cleaner, or primer. In case of conflicting fittings and adapters, designed for the specific transition
solvent cementing instructions, the instructions of the cement intended.
manufacturer should be followed. X1.6.5 Thread Tightness—Where a threaded joint is made,
X1.5.4 Application of Cement—Use a natural bristle or obtain tightness by maximum hand tightening plus additional
nylon brush of adequate size (usually at least 1⁄2 the pipe tightening with a strap wrench not to exceed one full turn.

7
 D2949 − 10
X1.6.6 Transition to Bell-and-Spigot Pipe—Make connec- methods. Support but do not rigidly restrain piping at branches
tions or transitions to bell-and-spigot cast iron soil pipe and or changes of direction. Do not anchor pipe rigidly in walls.
fittings, and to bell-and-spigot pipe and fittings of other Holes through framing members should be adequately sized to
materials, with approved mechanical compression joints de- allow for free movement. Thermal expansion for installations
signed for this use, or caulked joints made in an approved subject to temperature changes may be determined from Table
manner. In caulking, pack the joint with oakum or hemp and fill X1.1 and Table X1.2. The linear expansion shown is indepen-
with molten lead to a depth of not less than 1 in. (25 mm). dent of the diameter of the pipe. Buried piping or piping
Allow a period of 4 min for cooling then, caulk the lead at the installed in the crawl space under a building is normally subject
inside and outside edges of the joint. Do not overheat lead. to less than the ambient temperature change. Do not install
Heat lead to melting point only. piping except vent piping through roofs, so as to be exposed to
direct sunlight after installation.
X1.7 Alignment and Grade—Align all piping system com-
ponents properly without strain. Do not bend or pull pipe into X1.10 Building Drains Under Floor Slabs—Make trench
position after being solvent-welded. Grade of horizontal drain- bottoms smooth and of uniform grade with either undisturbed
age and vent piping shall be as specified for other materials in soil or a layer of selected and compacted backfill so that no
the applicable code. settlement will be encountered. Pipe must bear on this material
throughout the entire length of its barrel.
X1.8 Supports and Spacing—Hangers and straps should not
compress, distort, cut, or abrade the piping and should allow X1.11 Exposed Piping—Provide adequate support where
free movement of pipe. Support horizontal piping at intervals piping is exposed to wind, snow, and ice loading. Where
of not more than 4 ft (1.2 m) at end of branches, and at changes surface temperatures exceed 140°F (60°C) piping shall be
of direction or elevation. Supports should allow free move- protected by means of shielding or some type of light weight
ment. Maintain vertical piping in straight alignment with insulation.
supports at each floor level or at 10-ft (3.1-m) intervals,
whichever is less. Support trap arms longer than 3 ft (0.9 m) in X1.12 Antifreeze Protection—When necessary to protect
length as close as possible to the trap. Securely fasten closet traps and fixtures from freezing do not use petroleum products.
rings to the floor with corrosion-resistant fasteners with top Use only approved plastic pipe antifreeze packaged for this
surface 1⁄4 in. (6.4 mm) above the finish floor level. Stabilize purpose or one of the following solutions:
the closet bends or stubs against all horizontal or vertical X1.12.1 A 60 weight % of glycerin in water mixed at 73°F
movement. Protect the pipe exposed to damage by sharp (23°C).
surfaces with grommets or sleeves of rubber or plastic.
X1.12.2 A 22 weight % of magnesium chloride in water.
X1.9 Thermal Expansion—Allow for thermal expansion Strong solutions of common table salt (sodium chloride) may
and movement in all piping installations by the use of approved also be used.

TABLE X1.1 Thermal Expansion Table for PVC Plastic Pipe and Fittings (Metric)
Temperature Change,°C
Length, m 20 30 40 50
Length of Change, mm
10 3 4.5 6 7.5
20 6 9 12 15
30 9 13.5 18 22.5

8
 D2949 − 10
TABLE X1.2 Thermal Expansion Table for PVC Plastic Pipe and Fittings (Inch-pound)
Temperature Change, °F
Length, ft 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Length of Change, in.
20 0.28 0.35 0.42 0.49 0.56 0.63 0.70
40 0.56 0.70 0.84 0.97 1.11 1.25 1.39
60 0.84 1.04 1.25 1.46 1.67 1.88 2.09
80 1.13 1.39 1.67 1.95 2.23 2.51 2.78
100 1.39 1.74 2.09 2.44 2.78 3.13 3.48

SUMMARY OF CHANGES

Committee F17 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue
(D2949 – 01aε1) that may impact the use of this standard.

(1) 1.1 was revised. (3) Former 7.5 was deleted.

(2) Former 6.4 and Note 5 were deleted.

ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentioned
in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk
of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.

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