INTRODUCTION TO OPERATION MANAGEMENTS

(OPM 530)

Article Title:
SUSTAINABILITY CONSIDERATIONS IN MANUFACTURING AND
OPERATION MANAGEMENT

Prepared For:
DR. BAHIAH BINTI A MALEK

Prepared By:
NUR ANNISA BINTI SUFIAN
(2019872688)
BA2462A
1.1 Introduction

Researchers have been studying on how to improve environmental sustainability in

manufacturing industries. Sustainable manufacturing are not only about the products
produced but the entire manufacturing systems. Sustainability is development which meets
the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their
own need. Sustainable manufacturing is the creation of manufactured products that minimize
negative environmental impacts while conserving energy resources and also enhances
employee, community and safety. In 2010 the manufacturing sector consumed up to 50%
the entire energy in the world (Fang, Uhan, Zhao, & Sutherland, 2011). Moreover, the energy
efficiency of machine tools is below 30% as stated by (Hu, Liu, He, & Hu, 2012). It is
predominantly manufacturing released a huge unsustainable impacts from its operational
sector which include pollution and waste and also indisputable that it generates more power
which leads to over-consumption. In consequence, many companies trying to develop an
environmentally friendly technology in the most cost-effective way.

1.2 The Problem Statement

Current issues or the basic problems in sustainable manufacturing is over-consumption,

resource utilization, pollution and over population. Nowadays the population is increasing
where there will be more product produced or services to meet the customer demands. The
issues is becoming difficult to deal with or to find the long term solution. Many will be
affected by the adverse effects of this problems if sustainable manufacturing process is not
implemented such as massive losses of oil in the sea, toxic emissions from industrial or the
shortages in the availability of strategic raw materials which this will lead to bigger problems
in the future. Machine tools used in manufacturing system utilized enormous amount of
energy (He, Liu, Zhang, Gao, & Liu, 2012). Lamented that strategy for global sustainability
would require full understanding of the total life-cycle effects involving innovative methods
for products, processes and systems of manufacturing (Jawahir, Badurdeen, & Rouch, 2011).
To make manufacturing more sustainable, sustainability issues at all relevant levels of
product, process, and system must also consider (Jayal, Badurdeen, Dillon, & Jawahir,
2010).

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2.1 Literature Review
2.1.1 Development of Sustainable Manufacturing

As stated by (Nyaribo, Ogoro, & Osiemo, 2014) the Triple Bottom Line (TBL) concepts
that brings three important dimensions: the economic, the social and the environmental are
crucial in addressing sustainability in business operations. In addition, other researchers
consider that technology plays an important role as component of sustainable manufacturing
model. Technology has the ability to influence social, environmental and economic
components of sustainable manufacturing in a positive ways nevertheless (Jawahir,
Badurdeen, & Rouch, 2011) restate that sustainable manufacturing must be based on the
strength of partnership among the major participants. Thus, with this strategic partnership in
terms of society, environmentally and economically value can be achieve. Technology and
education is a vital connection to generate sustainable value. (Fang, Uhan, Zhao, &
Sutherland, 2011) Argue that knowledge and skills to facilitate sustainable manufacturing
need to be spread not only in developing country but also in developed regions. According
to (Molamohamadi & Ismail, 2013) ethical and accountability also essential to
environmental progress and sustainability. To make manufacturing more sustainable, full
understanding of the total life-cycle effects from the products, processes and systems must
also be consider.

2.1.2 Strategies for Sustainable Manufacturing

First and foremost, to design sustainable product company must contemplate the
functionality, cost, how much it impacts to the environment and societal, product
remanufacturing capabilities and the raw materials utilization. Product designer needs to
come out with product design that sustainable and pertain to the whole process. Therefore,
SPSD (Sustainable Product and Service Development) is implemented. In addition, despite
been sustainable, to produce successful products, cultural and belief aspects, and fashion and
trends should also be given priority as they give an influence on the market.

2.1.3 Underpinning Theory

The product designer remanufacturing the products by revamping the already used products
and produce a new products with equal quality or better. This remanufacturing process least
the carbon footprint emission and also preserves the nature. It is called eco-efficiency design
or design for environment. This design utilize the materials with low environmental impact,
better waste management, using the energy efficiency, and designing for reuse and recycling.

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3.1 Research Methodology

This article is using both qualitative method and quantitative method to gather deep
understanding about the issues and to find the solutions. Qualitative approach use in this
research is through analysis of other articles and journal. The purpose of this study is to
achieve maximum sustainability in manufacturing from the raw materials selection to the
phase of product disposal. The study focusing on the innovation on developing more
sustainable manufacturing with the most cost-effective way. Along with it to gain a proper
balance between economic and social aims. (Jawahir, Badurdeen, & Rouch, 2011) Proposed
a methodology for producing sustainable products from sustainable process.

3.1.1 Conceptual Framework

The conceptual framework for this article shows the relationship between independent
variables (environmental impacts, personal health and safety, and manufacturing cost) with
dependent variables (sustainable environment, employee welfare, and sustainable economy).
Figure 3.1 shows the conceptual framework.

Sustainable Manufacturing Sustainable Manufacturing

Process Impact
 Environmental impacts  Sustainable environment
 Personal health and safety  Employee welfare
 Manufacturing cost  Sustainable economy

Independent Variables Dependent Variables

Figure 3.1: Conceptual Framework

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4.1 Conclusion

As a developing country, population growth keep rising which lead to the demand of the
products or services increase. The issue of sustainability quite distressing. Mostly, the main
contributor to the issue is from the factory where products are manufactured. Hence, to
minimize the impact on the environment and to ensure health and safety along with the
economic a lot of research needs to be done to achieve maximum sustainability. To achieve
the goal the most important is to spread the knowledge of sustainability and to get the
support. Understand the cultural and trends also crucial because a successful sustainable
product must gain user satisfaction. Improving manufacturer to be more sustainable requires
education on the product life cycle, the selection of raw materials, the energy consumption,
and understanding the trends.

5.1 Research Plan

This research plan based on article to be summarize. Table 5.1 shown the flow of the Gantt
chart by weekly.

Tasks Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4

Find Article
Introduction
Literature Review
Research Methodology
Conclusion
Research Plan
Table 5.1: Gantt chart by Weekly

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 REFERENCES
Fang, K., Uhan, N., Zhao, F., & Sutherland, J. W. (2011). A new approach to scheduling in
manufacturing for power consumption and carbon footprint reduction. Journal of
Manufacturing System, 234-240.

He, Y., Liu, B., Zhang, X., Gao, H., & Liu, X. (2012). A modeling method of task-oriented
energy consumption for machining manufacturing system. Journal of Cleaner
Production, 167-174.

Hu, S., Liu, F., He, Y., & Hu, T. (2012). An on-line approach for energy efficiency
monitoring of machine tools. Journal of Cleaner Production, 133-140.

Jawahir, I. S., Badurdeen, F., & Rouch, K. E. (2011). Innovation in sustainable

manufacturing education. Global Conference on Sustainable Manufacturing. Berlin.

Jayal, A. D., Badurdeen, F., Dillon, O. W., & Jawahir, I. S. (2010). Sustainable
manufacturing: Modeling and optimization challenges at the product, process and
system levels. CIRP Journal of Manufacturing Science and Technology, 144-152.

Molamohamadi, Z., & Ismail, N. (2013). Developing a New Scheme for Sustainable
Manufacturing. International Journal of Materials, Mechanics and Manufacturing,
1-5.

Nyaribo, N. F., Ogoro, O. T., & Osiemo, K. E. (2014). The triple Bottom Line and Strategic
Sourcing Decisions among Commercial Banks in Kenya. European Journal of
Business and Management, 163-171.