Q1. Consider an adiabatic process where the change in internal energy is -33J for 3 moles of gas.

What
would be the work done on the gas in such a scenario ?

(a) 30 J

(b) 33 J

(c) 11 J

(d) 15 J

Ans: b
Solution: WE know for the case of adiabatic system 𝛿𝑄 = 0

Apply 1st law of thermodynamics

𝛿𝑄 = 𝑑𝑈 + 𝛿𝑊

𝛿𝑊 = −𝑑𝑈

𝛿𝑊 = 33𝐽

Q2. Calculate the compressibility factor of a real gas at 500 K and 250 MPa if the gas occupies a volume
of 0.2 𝑚 3 /𝑚𝑜𝑙. What would be the factor if the gas was ideal ?

(a) 105 /8.314 𝑎𝑛𝑑 1

(b) 106 /8.314 𝑎𝑛𝑑 1

(c) 105 /8.314 𝑎𝑛𝑑 0

(d) 106 /8.314 𝑎𝑛𝑑 0

Ans: a
Solution: Given

T = 500K
P = 250 MPa
V = 0.2 𝑚 3 /𝑚𝑜𝑙
R = 8.324 kJ/kgK

𝑃𝑉 250×10−3 ×0.2
Z = 𝑅𝑇 = 8.314×500

105
𝑍 = 8.314

Q3. Calculate the temperature in Kelvin if the room thermometer measured the temperature to be
250 𝐶.
(a) 200 K

(b) 275 K

(c) 298 K

(d) 300 K

Ans: c
Solution: K = 273 + 25 = 298 K

Q4. What is the efficiency of a heat engine, given that the heat energy taken from the source is 950 J
and the engine gives out 570 J to the sink at the end of the cycle?

(a) 0.4%

(b) 0.6%

(c) 40%

(d) 60%

Ans: c
Solution: Given

𝑄1 = 950 𝑘𝐽

𝑄2 = 570𝐾
𝑄
𝜂 = 1 − 𝑄2
1

570
𝜂 = 1 − 950 = 0.4

𝜂 = 40%

Q5. Air enters a 28 cm diameter pipe steadily at 200 kPa and 20℃ with a velocity of 5 m/s. Air is heated
as it flows, and leaves the pipe at 180 kPa and 40℃. The mass flow rate of air is (take Gas constant, R,
for air, as 0.287 kJ/kg.K )

(a) 10.727 kg/s

(b) 7.318 kg/s

(c) 0.3079 kg/s

(d) 0.7318 kg/s

Ans: d
Solution: Given

D = 28 cm
P1 = 200 kPa
T = 20 + 273 = 293 K
v = 5 m/s
P2 = 180 kPa
T2 = 40 + 273 = 313 K
R = 0.287 kJ/kg.K

̇
𝑚̇ = 𝜌 × 𝑉𝑜𝑙
Volume flow rate(𝑉̇) = 𝐴 × 𝑣 =

For ideal gas : 𝑃 = 𝜌𝑅𝑇

𝑃
𝑚̇ = 𝑅𝑇 × 𝐴 × 𝑣

200 𝜋
𝑚̇ = 0.287×293 × 4 × 0.282 × 5

𝑚̇ = 0.7322 𝑘𝑔/𝑠

Q6. A gas is compressed from V1 = 0.3 𝑚 3, 𝑝1 = 1 𝑏𝑎𝑟 to V2 = 0.1 m3, p2 = 3 bar. Pressure and volume
are related linearly during the process. For the gas, the work, in kJ is:

(a) -40 J

(b) 40 kJ

(c) 40 J

(d) -40 kJ

Ans: d
Solution: Given

V1 = 0.3 m3
p1 = 1 bar
V2 = 0.1 m3
p2 = 3 bar

As given in the question that pressure and volume are related linearly during the process:

p = a + bV

If you apply 1st condition to above equation:

100 = 𝑎 + 𝑏 × 0.3

From 2nd condition

300 = 𝑎 + 𝑏 × 0.1

From 1st and 2nd condn

a = 4 ; b = 10

Hence the relation comes after putting the values of a and (b) will be ↴

p = 4 - 10× 𝑉

As we know :
𝑓 0.1
𝑊 = ∫𝑖 𝑃𝑑𝑉 = ∫0.3 [4 − 10𝑉] 𝑑𝑉

10
= [((4) × (0.1 − 0.3)) − ( 2 × (0.01 − 0.09))]

= [(4 × (−0.2) − 5 × (−0.08))]

= [ 0.2 – 0.4 ] × 100

= -40 kJ

Q7. A pressure gauge on a 1 m3 oxygen tank reads 500 kPa. If the temperature is 270 𝐶 and the
atmospheric pressure is 100 kPa, then the mass of oxygen in the tank ____kg. (Take R = 250 J/kg-k for
oxygen)

(a) 8

(b) 6.66

(c) 0.008

(d) 0.00666

Ans: a
Solution: Given

𝑃𝑔𝑎𝑢𝑔𝑒 = 500𝑘𝑃𝑎
𝑉 = 1𝑚 3
𝑇 = 27 + 273 = 300 K
𝑃𝑎𝑡𝑚 = 100𝑘𝑃𝑎
𝑅 = 250𝐽/𝑘𝑔𝐾

𝑃𝑎𝑏𝑠 = 500 + 100 = 600𝑘𝑃𝑎

Using relation :

𝑃𝑉 = 𝑚𝑅𝑇

600 × 103 × 1 = 𝑚 × 250 × 300

𝑚 = 8𝑘𝑔

Q8. Consider the following two processes:

1. A heat source at 1200 K loses 2500 kJ of heat to a sink at 800 K

2. A heat source at 800 K loses 2000 kJ of heat to a sink at 500 K

Which of the following statement is then true?

(a) process 1 is more irreversible than process 2.

(b) process 2 is more irreversible than process 1.

(c) irreversibility associated with both the processes is equal.

(d) both the processes are reversible.

Ans: b

Solution: As we all know

𝑑𝑄
For reversible cycle : ∮ 𝑇
=0

𝑑𝑄
For irreversible cycle : ∮ 𝑇
<0

𝑑𝑄
For Impossible cycle: ∮ 𝑇
>0

1st case

Given

𝑇1 = 1200 𝐾 ; 𝑄 = 2500 𝑘𝐽

𝑇2 = 800 𝐾
𝑑𝑄 𝑄 𝑄 2500 2500
∮ 𝑇
= 𝑇 − 𝑇 = 1200 − 800
− 1.041 𝑘𝐽/𝐾
1 2

dQ
∮ = −1.041 kJ/K
T

2nd Case
Given

𝑇1 = 800𝐾 ; 𝑄 = 2000 𝑘𝐽 ; 𝑇2 = 500 𝐾

dQ Q Q 2000 2000
∮ T
=T −T = 800
− 500
= −1.5 kJ/K
1 2

𝑑𝑄 𝑑𝑄
(∮ ) > (∮ )
𝑇 𝑎 𝑇 𝑏

So process b is more irreversible than A.

Q9. A heat engine working on carnot cycle receives heat at the rate of 40 kW from a source at 1200 K
rejects to a sink at 300K. The heat rejected is______

(a) 5 kW

(b) 10 kW

(c) 20kW

(d) 30 kW

Ans: b
Solution: Given

𝑄1 = 40 𝑘𝑊
𝑇1 = 1200𝐾
𝑇2 = 300𝐾

Efficiency of carnot engine is given by

𝑇 𝑄
𝜂 = 1 − 𝑇2 = 1 − 𝑄2
1 1

300 𝑄2
=
1200 40

𝑄2 = 10 𝑘𝑊

Q10. A perfect engine works on the carnot cycle between 7270 𝐶 𝑎𝑛𝑑 1270 𝐶. The efficiency of the
engine is _____

(a) 40%

(b) 70%

(c) 60%

(d) 50%
Ans: c
Solution: Given

𝑇1 = 727℃ = 1000 𝐾

𝑇2 = 127℃ = 400 𝐾
𝑇
𝜂 = 1 − 𝑇2
1

400
𝜂 = 1 − 1000 = 0.6

𝜂 = 60%

Q11. A cyclic heat engine operates between a source temperature of 8000C and sink temperature of
300(c) What is the maximum efficiency of the engine?

(a) 39.2%

(b) 71.8%

(c) 96.2%

(d) 28.2%

Ans: b
Solution: As we know that maximum efficiency for carnot engine

Given

T1 = 800℃ = 1073 K
T2 = 30 ℃ = 303 𝐾
𝑇 303
η = 1- 𝑇2 = 1 − 1073 = 0.7176
1

𝜂 = 71.8 %

Q12. In an internal combustion engine, during the compression stroke, the heat rejected to the cooling
water is 80 kJ/kg and the work input is 200 kJ/kg. The change in internal energy of the working fluid is

(a) 280 kJ/kg

(b) 120 kJ/kg

(c) -120 kJ/kg

(d) -280 kJ/kg

Ans: b
Solution: Given

Heat rejected (𝛿𝑄) = −80 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔

Work input (𝛿𝑊) = -200 kJ/kg

As we all know that

𝛿𝑄 = 𝑑𝑈 + 𝛿𝑊

-80 = dU + (-200)

dU = 120 kJ/kg

Q13. On the PV diagram, two processes ‘acb’ and ‘adb’ are drawn as shown in the given diagram. For
path acb, if Q (heat given to the gas) = 200 j, then W (work done) = 80 J. for path adb, if Q = 144 J, then
find the work done.

(a) 120 J

(b) 24 J

(c) 56 J

(d) 64 J

Ans: b
Solution: Given

For path acb

Q = 200J
W = 80 J

For path adb

Q = 144 J

Then applying 1st law ofthermodynmaics for path acb

δQ = dU + δW

dU = 200 − 80 = 120 J

For path adb

δQ = dU + δW

144 = 120 + δW

δW = 24J

Q14. If heat engine is operating between 9270 𝐶 and 270 𝐶 what is the maximum possible
efficiency________

(a) 75%

(b) 55%

(c) 35%

(d) 25%

Ans: a
Solution: Given

𝑇1 = 927 + 273 = 1200 𝐾

𝑇2 = 27 + 273 = 300𝐾
𝑇 300
𝜂 = 1 − 𝑇2 = 1 − 1200
1

𝜂 = 75%

Q15. Consider equation 𝑡 = 𝑎𝑝 + 𝑏 if pressure at ice point and steam point is 2 bar and 4 bar
respectively then calculate t at p=3.5 bar, where t is temperature p is pressure and a, b are constant

(a) 1000 𝐶

(b) 750 𝐶

(c) 200 𝐶

(d) 00 𝐶

Ans: b
Solution: Given relation

𝑡 = 𝑎𝑝 + 𝑏
At 2 bar
0 = 𝑎 × 2 + 𝑏 (at ice point) ……. Eq-1

At 4 bar
100 = 𝑎 × 4 + 𝑏 (at boiling point)……Eq-2

On solving both equations

a = 50 ; b = -100

Put these values in above relation

𝑡 = 50 × 3.5 − 100

𝑡 = 75℃

Q16. In I.C Engine if work supplied to the system is 100 kJ and heat rejected from the system is 50 kJ
then change in internal energy is equal to______

(a) 150 kJ

(b) – 50 kJ

(c) 50 kJ

(d) -150 kJ

Ans: c
Solution: Given

𝛿𝑊 = −100 𝑘𝐽
𝛿𝑄 = −50 𝑘𝐽

Apply relation

𝛿𝑄 = 𝑑𝑈 + 𝛿𝑊

-50 = dU +(-100)

dU = 50 kJ

Q17. Choose the option that most accurately represents the following statement
A heat engine absorbs 1800 kJ of heat from a hot body and rejects 600 kJ of heat to a cold sink. What is
the engine’s efficiency?

(a) 33.37

(b) 66.67

(c) 100
(d) 50

Ans: b

Solution: Given

Q1 = 1800 kJ
Q2 = 600 kJ
𝑄2
η=1−
𝑄1

1200
η= 1 − 1800 = 0.66

𝜂 = 66.67%

Q18.A Carnot cycle refrigerator operates between250k and 300k. Its coefficient of performance is

(a) 6

(b) 5

(c) 1.2

(d) 0.8

Ans: b
Solution: 𝑇𝐿 = 250 𝐾

𝑇𝐻 = 300 𝐾
𝑇𝐿 250
(𝐶𝑂𝑃 )𝑅𝑒𝑓 = = =5
𝑇𝐻 −𝑇𝐿 300−250

Q19. A heat engine is supplied with 800 kJ/s of heat at 600K, and heat rejection takes place at 300 K.
which of the following results report a reversible cycle?

(a) 200 kJ/s are rejected

(b) 400kJ/s are rejected

(c) 100kJ/s are rejected

(d) 500 kJ/s are rejected

Ans: b
Solution: Given
Q1 = 800 kJ/s
Q2 = ?
T1 = 600 K
T2 = 300K

For a reversible cycle

𝑄 𝑇
1 − 𝑄2 = 1 − 𝑇2
1 1

𝑄2 300
800
= 600

Q2 = 400 kJ/s

Q20. A Carnot refrigeration cycle absorbs heat at 270 K and rejects it at 300 K. Calculate the C.O.P of this
refrigeration cycle

(a) 9

(b) 10

(c) 0.11

(d) 0.1

Ans: a
Solution: Given

T1 = 300 K

T2 = 270 K

COP = T2 / (T1 – T2)

COP = 270/ (300-270)

COP = 9

Q21. What will be the volume of air at 327 °C if its volume at 27 °C is 1.5 𝑚 3?

(a) 3 𝑚 3

(b) 1.5 𝑚 3

(c) 6 𝑚 3

(d) 10 𝑚 3

Ans: a
Solution:
Here
 T1= 327℃ = 600 𝐾
T2 = 27℃ = 300 𝐾
V2 = 1.5 𝑚 3
V1 V2
Using Relation =
T1 T2

𝑉1 1.5
600
= 300

V1 = 3m3

Q22. If a heat pump cycle operates between the condenser temperature of +27 °C and evaporator
temperature of – 23 °C, then the Carnot COP will be

(a) 0.2

(b) 1.2

(c) 5

(d) 6

Ans: d
Solution: Given

T1 = 27℃ +273 = 300 K

T2 = -23℃ + 273 = 250 K

Carnot COP of heat pump

T1 300
COPH.P(carnot) = T = 300−250 = 6
1 −T2

Q23. The COP of a domestic refrigerator

(a) is less than 1

(b) is more than 1

(c) is equal to 1

(d) depends upon atmospheric conditions

Ans: b

Solution: The COP of a domestic refrigerator is the ratio of the refrigeration capacity to the energy
supplied to the compressor.

The COP of a domestic refrigerator Is more than 1

Q24. Fill in the blank with an appropriate option:

As per the second law of thermodynamics , entropy of the universe is _______ over the time.

(a) increasing

(b) decreasing

(c) remaining constant

(d) first increasing and then decreasing

Ans: a
Solution: Always remember : Entropy of universe will never decrease.
correct answer is option a .

Q25. Which of the following statements do NOT explicitly describe the second law of thermodynamics?

(a) Every actual spontaneous process is irreversible

(b) The entropy of a perfect crystal at absolute zero temperature is exactly equal to zero

(c) Heat cannot pass spontaneously from a body of lower temperature to a body of higher temperature
without external effort

(d) It is impossible to build a perpetual motion machine of the second kind

Ans: b
Solution: Option b is the statement of the third law of thermodynamics which states that the entropy of
a perfect crystal at a temperature of zero Kelvin (absolute zero) is equal to zero.

Q26. The term R in ideal gas equation PV=RT is known as which of the following?

(a) Reynolds number

(b) Universal gas constant

(c) Characteristics gas constant

(d) Molecular weight

Ans: c
Solution: Ideal gas equation

PV = mRT
where
P = Pressure
V = Volume
m = mass
R = Characteristic gas constant

Q27. At certain point on the phase diagram of a substance, the liquid and vapor phases become
indistinguishable. What is this point called?

(a) Saturation Point

(b) Triple point

(c) Critical Point

(d) Limiting Point

Ans: c
Solution: The critical point is the temperature and pressure at which the distinction between liquid and
gas can no longer be made.

Q28. For a given pure substance, what quantity of the material remains constant while measuring the
saturation pressure?

(a) Volume

(b) Molality

(c) Temperature

(d) Molarity

Ans: c
Solution: You can see below diagram .Here temperature remains constant while measuring saturation
pressure.
Q29. For a steady state calculations, when can be ignore the kinetic energy ?

(a) Very low velocities

(b) Very high velocities

(c) Very low temperatures

(d) Very high temperatures

Ans: a
Solution: In steady flow energy equation, we can neglect the small changes in kinetic energy of the fluid
due to very low velocities. Therefore, we will have ∆KE =0.

Q30. Internal energy is a property of the system that can be calculated using which of the following laws
of thermodynamics?

(a) 2nd

(b) 3rd

(c) 1st

(d) Zeroth

Ans: c
Solution: The first law of thermodynamics states that the change in internal energy of a system equals
the net heat transfer into the system minus the net work done by the system. In equation form, the first
law of thermodynamics is ΔU = Q − W. Here ΔU is the change in internal energy U of the system.
Q31. While calculating the specific enthalpy of wet steam , which of the following quantities is no use to
us?

(a) Dryness Fraction

(b) Specific volume of Saturated Steam

(c) Specific Enthalpy of Saturated Water

(d) Specific Enthalpy of Saturated Steam

Ans: b
Solution: ℎ1 = ℎ𝑓 + 𝑥(ℎ𝑔 − ℎ𝑓 )

Q32. From the options given below, which of these boilers are at a greater risk of bursting ?

(a) Lancashire

(b) Cochran

(c) Cornish

(d) Babcock

Ans: d
Solution: Babcock Wilcox boiler is a high pressure boiler.

Q33. Which of the following equations accurately describe the first law of thermodynamics?

(U-Internal energy, Q-heat supplied to the system, W-workdone by the system)

(a) ∆𝑈 = 𝑄 − 𝑊

(b) ∆𝑊 = 𝑈 − 𝑄

(c) 𝑈 = 𝑄 + 𝑊

(d) 𝑄 = 𝑊 − 𝑈

Ans: a
Solution: ∆𝑈 = 𝑄 − 𝑊

Q34. Consider the given Pressure – Temperature graph. What is the slope made by the Fusion curve?
(a) positivity

(b) close to infinity

(c) zero

(d) negative

Ans: d
Solution: Fusion curve for water is negative.

Q35. What is the percentage of dryness for the following?

i. Saturated steam

ii. Saturated water

(a) 0%, 100%

(b) 10%, 90%

(c) 90%, 10%

(d) 100%, 0%

Ans: d
Solution: Percentage of dryness :

For saturated steam – 100%

For saturated water -0%

Q36. In the P-V diagram of a pure substance, which of the following regions are NOT formed?

(a) Compressed Liquid Region

(b) Supercooled Vapor Region

(c) Saturated Liquid – Vapor Region

(d) Superheated Vapor Region

Ans: b
Solution: Super cooled vapor region is not formed in P-V diagram

Q37. X is a device that has to be used if one wants to generate a steam that is almost fully dry. What is
X?

(a) An unvented-furnace

(b) A boiler

(c) A superheater

(d) A wooden burning stove

Ans: c
Solution: A superheater is a device used to convert saturated steam or wet steam into superheated
steam or dry steam.

Q38. Fill in the blank with the CORRECT option

The amount of heat required to convert 1 unit of substance from its solid phase to its liquid phase
without any change in temperature is called _______ of the substance

(a) latent heat of fusion

(b) latent heat of vaporization

(c) change in enthalpy

(d) change in entropy

Ans: a
Solution: Latent heat of fusion: The amount of heat required to convert 1 unit of substance from its solid
phase to its liquid phase without any change in temperature.

Q39. For the total energy of a system to remain constant, which one of the following conditions is to be
fulfilled?

(a) The system should be an open system

(b) The system should be isolated

(c) The temperature variation must be steady

(d) The pressure variation must be steady

Ans: b
Solution: Isolated system is the system in which there is neither transfer of mass nor energy.

Q40. X is a reversible process with no heat loss. X can be which of the following processes?

(a) Isothermal

(b) Isobaric

(c) Isentropic

(d) Isochoric

Ans: c
Solution: Isentropic process has no heat transfer.

Q41. Which one of the following represents the polytropic index of an isochoric process?

(a) 1.4

(b) 1

(c) Infinity

(d) Zero

Ans: c
Solution:
Q42. Mass dependent property in thermodynamics is known as which of the following options ?

(a) Stagnation

(b) Intensive

(c) Extensive

(d)

Ans: c
Solution: Extensive properties are mass dependent.

Q43. Identify the CORRECT statement with respect to the magnitudes of different quantities for
different thermodynamic processes

(a) Heat loss and work done for isentropic process is same

(b) Heat loss and work done for isothermal process is same

(c) Heat loss and work done for isobaric process is same

(d) Heat loss and work done for isochoric process is same

Ans: b
Solution: For isothermal process, the change in internal energy is zero. So the Heat loss is equal to the
work done.

Q44. The first law of thermodynamics fails to explain which of the following aspects, which led to the
development of the second law of thermodynamics?

(a) The direction of heat energy

(b) The conservation of energy

(c) The work done by the system

(d) The work done on the system

Ans: a
Solution: The limitation of the first law of thermodynamics is that it does not say anything about the
direction of flow of heat. It does not say anything whether the process is a spontaneous process or not.

Q45. Fill in the blanks with an appropriate option:

In a typical heat pump, the process of ____ makes the working fluid hotter.

(a) Expansion

(b) Compression

(c) Absorption

(d) Condensation

Ans: b
Solution: The temperature of the air is directly proportional to the mean kinetic energy of these
molecules. Compressing the air makes the molecules move more rapidly, which increases the
temperature.

Q46. Identify the reservoir that will be maintained at ambient temperature in the following cases:

i. Refrigerator
ii. Heat pump

(a) i. Hot Reservoir

ii. Hot Reservoir

(b) i. Hot Reservoir

ii. Cold Reservoir

(c) i. Cold Reservoir

ii. Hot Reservoir

(d) i. Cold Reservoir

ii. Cold Reservoir

Ans: b
Solution: For Refrigerator : Hot Reservoir
For Heat pump : Cold Reservoir

Q47. For a close system, identify the processes where the following quantities are zero.

1. Heat
2. Work done
3. Internal energy
(a) 1. Isothermal
2. Isobaric
3. Adiabatic

(b) 1. Isobaric
2. Adiabatic
3. Isochoric

(c) 1. Adiabatic
2. Isochoric
3. Isothermal

(d) 1. Isochoric
2. Isothermal
3. Isobaric

Ans: c
Solution: Workdone is zero in isochoric process and free expansion process.
Heat supplied is zero in Adiabatic process.
Internal energy is zero in Isothermal process

Q48. The temperature to which moist air must be cooled at constant pressure before condensation of
moisture takes place is called______

(a) Ambient temperature

(b) Wet bulb temperature

(c) Dry bulb temperature

(d) Dew point temperature

Ans: d
Solution: The dew point is the temperature below which the water vapour in a volume of air at a
constant pressure will condense into liquid water. It is the temperature at which the air is saturated with
moisture.

Q49. The second Law of Thermodynamics, for a single constant temperature system, can be represented
as:

(a) ∮ 𝛿𝑊 > 0

(b) ∮ 𝛿𝑊 ≤ 0

(c) ∮ 𝛿𝑊 ≥ 0

(d) ∮ 𝛿𝑊 = 0
Ans: b
Solution: SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS

I. Kelvin-Plank Statement

“ It is impossible to construct a device which works on the single source of heat”

OR

“ It is impossible to construct an engine working on cyclic process whose sole purpose is to convert all
the heat energy supplied it to an equivalent amount of mechanical work”.

II. Clausius Statement

“It is impossible to construct a device which transfer heat from low temperature reservoir to the high
temperature reservoir without any aid of an external source”.

The second Law of Thermodynamics, for a single constant temperature system, can be represented as

∮ 𝛿𝑊 ≤ 0

Q50. The thermodynamic state of a simple compressible system is completely specified by ________

(a) one independent, intensive properties

(b) two independent, extensive properties

(c) one independent, extensive properties

(d) two independent, intensive properties

Ans: d
Solution: The state of a simple compressible system is completely specified by two independent,
intensive properties.
“Simple” = no electrical, magnetic, kinetic, gravity, or surface tension effects. If any of these must be
considered, then one additional property must be known for each added effect. Example: for motion
(kinetic) effects, velocity must be known. “Compressible” = volume not fixed “Independent” = one
property of a pair can be changed without affecting the other. Example:
I. temperature and specific volume (density ) are always independent.
II. Temperature and pressure are sometimes independent (in a single-phase system) but not in a system
undergoing phase change. Temperature at which water boils varies with pressure (100 °C at sea level, -
93 C in Boulder). “
“Intensive” = the value of the property is not dependent on that amount of material in the system.

Q51. When an isolated thermodynamic system executes a process

(a) both, heat and work interactions occur

(b) heat is transferred but there is no work interaction

(c) work is done but there is no heat interaction

(d) no heat and work interaction occur

Ans: d
Solution: An isolated system is special type of closed system that does not even transfer energy across
the boundary. There will be no interactions with the surroundings.

Q52. Which parameter remains constant during Joule - Thomson expansion?

(a) Temperature

(b) Pressure

(c) Enthalpy

(d) Volume

Ans: c
Solution: The Joule–Thomson expansion refers to a method of expansion in which a gas or liquid at
pressure P1, without a considerable change in kinetic energy, flows into a region of lower pressure P 2.
The expansion is certainly inherently irreversible. During such an expansion, there would be no change
in enthalpy.

Q53. The enthalpy of vaporization is minimum at

(a) Absolute zero

(b) 373 K

(c) Triple point

(d) Critical temperature

Ans: d
Solution: At a critical point, the liquid is directly converted into vapor without having a two-phase
transition. So, enthalpy of vaporization at a critical point is zero.

Q54. Consider the following properties

1. pressure

2. specific heat at constant volume

3. internal energy

4. entropy
which of these properties of a system are extensive?

(a) 1, 3 and 4

(b) 3 and 4

(c) 1 and 3

(d) 1, 2 and 3

Ans: b

Solution: Intensive properties : these are mass independent property.

Ex: pressure, temperature, density, viscosity et(c)

Extensive property : These properties are mass dependent property.

Ex: volume, energy, enthalpy, entropy etc
Extensive property
Specific property = mass

*All specific properties are intensive properties.

Q55. Mark the statement / formulation which is wrong:

(a) 1st law is application to reversible as well as irreversible process.

(b) quartz clock works continuously and thus constitutes a perpetual machine of first kind.

(c) ∮ 𝛿𝑄 = ∮ 𝛿𝑊

(d) (𝛿𝑄 − 𝛿𝑊) is an exact differential even through 𝛿𝑄 and 𝛿𝑊 are inexactdifferential

Ans: b

Solution: A machine, which can supply mechanical work continuously without consumption of any
energy termed as Perpetual Motion Machine of first kind (PMM1).
In this question all options are correct except option (b) because the input for the quartz clock is
electrical energy which is given by the battery and this energy is then converted into mechanical energy
which is shown by the movement of the hands of a clock.

Q56. The efficiency of Carnot engine depends on

(a) speed of the engine

(b) working fluid, whether gas or vapour

(c) temperature at which heat is supplied and that at which it is rejected

(d) temperature of ambient air

Ans: c

Solution: We all know it clearly that the efficiency of carnot engine is totally depends on the
temperature of sink and source.
𝑇𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑘
𝜂𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑛𝑜𝑡 = 1 −
𝑇𝑠𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑐𝑒

Q57. Match List-I(Terms) with List-II (Relations) and select the correct answer using the codes given
below the lists:

List-I (Terms) List-II (Relations)

A. Specific heat at 1. 1 𝜕𝑣
( )
constant 𝑣 𝜕𝑇 𝑝
volume(𝐶𝑣 )
B. Isothermal 2. 𝜕𝑝 𝜕𝑣 2
compressibility 𝐾𝑇 𝑇( ) ( )
𝜕𝑣 𝑇 𝜕𝑇 𝑝
C. Volume Expansivity 3. 𝜕𝑠
T(𝜕𝑇 )
𝛽 𝑣

(d) difference between 4. 1 𝜕𝑣

− ( )
specific heats at 𝑣 𝜕𝑝 𝑇
constant volume
𝐶𝑝 − 𝐶𝑣 )

Codes

A B C D

(a) 3 4 2 1

(b) 4 1 3 2

(c) 3 4 1 2
(d) 4 1 2 3

Ans: c

Solution: A-B-C-D = 3-4-1-2

Q58. Consider the following two processes:

1. A heat source at 1200 K loses 2500 kJ of heat to a sink at 800 K

2. A heat source at 800 K loses 2000 kJ of heat to a sink at 500 K

Which of the following statement is then true?

(a) process 1 is more irreversible than process 2.

(b) process 2 is more irreversible than process 1.

(c) irreversibility associated with both the processes is equal.

(d) both the processes are reversible.

Ans: b

Solution: As we all know

𝑑𝑄
For reversible cycle : ∮ 𝑇
=0

𝑑𝑄
For irreversible cycle : ∮ <0
𝑇

𝑑𝑄
For Impossible cycle: ∮ 𝑇
>0

1st case

Given

𝑇1 = 1200 𝐾 ; 𝑄 = 2500 𝑘𝐽

𝑇2 = 800 𝐾
𝑑𝑄 𝑄 𝑄 2500 2500
∮ 𝑇
= 𝑇 − 𝑇 = 1200 − 800
− 1.041 𝑘𝐽/𝐾
1 2

dQ
∮ = −1.041 kJ/K
T

2nd Case

Given
𝑇1 = 800𝐾 ; 𝑄 = 2000 𝑘𝐽 ; 𝑇2 = 500 𝐾
dQ Q Q 2000 2000
∮ = − = − = −1.5 kJ/K
T T1 T2 800 500

𝑑𝑄 𝑑𝑄
(∮ ) > (∮ )
𝑇 𝑎 𝑇 𝑏

So process b is more irreversible than a.

Q59. Mollier diagram is a plot of

(a) temperature and entropy

(b) temperature and enthalpy

(c) pressure and enthalpy

(d) enthalpy and entropy

Ans: d

Solution:

The Mollier diagram, also called the enthalpy (h) – entropy (s) chart or h-s chart, is a graphical
representation of thermodynamic properties of materials. In general, it is a relationship between
enthalpy (measure of the energy of a thermodynamic system), air temperature, and moisture content.

Q60. In thermodynamic cycles, the area under the temperature entropy diagram is called______

(a) total entropy generated

(b) work done during the cycle

(c) heat transferred during the cycle

(d) difference of work and heat

Ans: c
Solution: In thermodynamic cycles, the area under the T–s curve of a process is the heat transferred to
the system during that process.

Q61. The point that connects the saturated liquid line to the saturated vapour line is called_____

(a) Saturated point

(b) Triple point

(c) Superheated point

(d) Critical point

Ans: d
Solution:

The point at the very top of the dome is called the critical point. This point is where the saturated liquid
and saturated vapor lines meet.

Q62. A closed thermodynamic system manifests, when

(a) there is transfer of both mass and energy across the system boundaries

(b) there is only transfer of mass, but no heat and work energy are transferred

(c) there is absolutely no interaction of the system with surroundings across its boundaries

(d) matter is not allowed to cross the boundaries but energy transfer does occur across the boundary

Ans: d
Solution: Open system : both mass and energy can transfer across the boundary.
Closed system :only energy can transfer but mass can’t.
Isolated system : Neither mass nor energy can cross the boundary.
Q63. Availability of a system at any given state is –

(a) the total energy of the system

(b) the maximum useful work obtainable as the system goes to dead state

(c) the maximum work obtainable as the system goes to dead state

(d) a property of the system

Ans: b
Solution: The availability of a given system is defined as the maximum useful work that can be obtained
in a process in which the system comes to equilibrium with the surroundings or attains the dead state.

Q64. If a closed system is undergoing an irreversible process, the entropy of the system:

(a) must increase

(b) always remains constant

(c) must decrease

(d) can increase, decrease or remain constant

Ans: d
Solution: Key points:
i. For a system entropy may increase, decrease or constant.
ii. Entropy for universe never decreases.
iii. For irreversible process , entropy always increase due to friction.
iv. Entropy generation always positive.
v. Entropy generation is a path function.

Q65. The first law of thermodynamics explains which of the following?

I) Amount of energy lost

II) Information about internal energy

III) Work done

(a) I and II

(b) II & III

(c) I & III

(d) I, II & III

Ans: d
Solution: Always kept below statement of First law of thermodynamics in your mind is that: The first
law of thermodynamics, also known as Law of Conservation of Energy, states that energy can neither be
created nor destroyed; energy can only be transferred or changed from one form to another.

𝜕𝑄 = 𝑑𝑈 + 𝜕𝑊

This law also says that there are two kinds of processes, heat and work, that can lead to a change in the
internal energy of a system.

Q66. Which of the following is an example of a reversed Carnot cycle?

(a) Power generation cycle

(b) Refrigeration cycle

(c) Rankine cycle

(d) Diesel cycle

Ans: b

Solution: Carnot cycle is a totally reversible cycle which consists of two reversible isothermal processes
and two isentropic processes.

It has the maximum efficiency for a given temperature limit.

Since it is a reversible cycle, all four processes can be reverse(d) This will reverse the direction of heat
and work interactions, therefore producing a refrigeration cycle.

Q67. What does it mean when a system has a ‘particular property’?

(a) Extensive properties per unit mass

(b) Extensive properties

(c) Physical properties

(d) Path dependent properties

Ans: c

Solution: Every system has certain characteristics by which its physical conditions may be describe(d)
Pressure, temperature and volume are measurable properties and they are also known as physical
properties (also known as macroscopic properties)..

Q68. Any change in entropy could be achieved by changing_______.

(a) heat
(b) acceleration

(c) velocity

(d) mass

Ans: a

Q69. Define thermodynamics.

(a) It deals with dynamics under thermal conditions.

(b) It is a science which deals with work done.

(c) It is a science which deals with the relation between work and properties of systems.

(d) It is a science which deals with the relation between heat, work and properties of systems.

Ans: d

Solution:

Q70. If Value of dryness fraction is 0, it indicates that working fluid is at _____.

(a) saturated liquid

(b) saturated vapour

(c) superheated vapour

(d) compressed Liquid

Ans: a

Solution:

Q71. Internal energy associated with kinetic energy of molecules is ______.

(a) nuclear energy

(b) chemical energy

(c) sensible energy

(d) latent energy

Ans: c

Solution:
Q72. Which of the following statements is correct with reference to perpetual motion machines of the
first kind?

(a) It violates the second law of thermodynamics

(b) It is a reversible process.

(c) It produces work without receiving work input.

(d) It produces work without receiving heat.

Ans: d

Solution:

Q73. ________ states that “pressure of a gas mixture is equal to the sum of the pressure each gas
would exert if it existed alone at the mixture temperature and volume”.

(a) Amagat’s law of additive volumes

(b) Hooke’s law

(c) Dalton’s law of additive pressures

(d) Ideal gas law

Ans: c

Solution:

Q74. Which of the following statement is INCORRECT with reference to the first law of thermodynamics?

(a) Work done by a system on its surroundings is a positive quantity

(b) Energy transfer to a system from its surroundings is a positive quantity

(c) Heat interaction is a path function

(d) Energy transfer is a point function

Ans: d

Solution:

Q75. With respect to the first law of thermodynamics, which of the following statements is the most
relevant?

(a) There is a natural tendency for any system to degenerate into a disordered state

(b) Energy can be created or destroyed depending on the source of input

(c) At process that involves transfer of heat energy is irreversible

(d) Energy is always conserved

Ans: d

Solution:

Q76. In the context of moving control volume, which of the following statement is more relevant?

(a) Absolute velocity of fluid carries fluid across the control volume

(b) Control volume is considered as a fixed volume in space

(c) Relative velocity of fluid carries fluid across the control surface of moving control volume

(d) Difference between absolute and relative velocities of fluid is the velocity across moving control
volume

Ans: c

Solution:

Q77. Enthalpy is:

(a) internal energy × pressure volume product

(b) internal energy / pressure volume product

(c) internal energy - pressure volume product

(d) internal energy + pressure volume product

Ans: d

Solution:

Q78. When is a perfect vacuum obtained?

(a) When both absolute pressure and molecular momentum are zero

(b) When gauge pressure is zero

(c) When molecular momentum is unity and atmospheric pressure is zero

(d) When atmospheric pressure is zero

Ans: a

Solution:
Q79. Specific internal energy of a perfect gas is a function of:

(a) differential pressure

(b) absolute volume

(c) absolute pressure

(d) absolute temperature

Ans: d

Solution:

Q80. Which of the following is NOT a property of a pure substance?

(a) Heterogeneous in chemical aggregation

(b) Invariable in chemical aggregation

(c) Homogenous in composition

(d) homogenous in chemical aggregation

Ans: a

Solution:

Q81. In a constant volume process, the reversible moving boundary work associated with closed system
(in kJ/kg) is:

(a) 0

(b) 0.5

(c) 1

(d) 1.5

Ans: a

Solution:

Q82. Following relationship defines the Gibb’s free energy G

(a) G=H+TS

(b) G=H-TS

(c) G=U+TS
(d) F=U-TS

Ans: b

Solution:

Q83. Triple point

(a) occurs in a mixture of two or more gases

(b) is the point, where three phases exists together

(c) occurs in sublimation

(d) none of these

Ans: b

Solution:

Q84. The increase in pressure

(a) lowers the boiling point of a liquid

(b) raise the boiling point of a liquid

(c) does not effect the boiling point of a liquid

(d) reduces its volume

Ans: b

Solution:

Solution: As the pressure applied to the liquid surface is increased , the energy needed for the liquid
molecules to expand to gas phase also increases. Hence , a higher temperature is required to change
liquid to gas phase. So, boiling point of liquid rises on increasing pressure.

Q85. When the chemical potentials of two system are same, then they are said to be in what type
equilibrium?

(a) thermal

(b) mechanical

(c) diffusive

(d) none of these

Ans: c
Solution:

Q86. Which one of the following fluid flow conditions has high heat transfer coefficient

(a) free convection in air

(b) forced convection in air

(c) free convection in water

(d) condensation of steam

Ans: d

Solution:

Q87. Large body of finite heat capacity is known as

(a) thermal energy reservoir(TER)

(b) mechanical energy reservoir(MER)

(c) thermometer

(d) heat pump

Ans: a

Solution:

Q88. The temperature of a gas is a measure of

(a) average distance between gas molecules

(b) average kinetic energy of gas molecules

(c) average potential energy of gas molecules

(d) none of these

Ans: b

Solution: The temperature of a gas is a measure of the average translational kinetic energy of the
molecules. In a hot gas , the molecules move faster than in a cold gas, the mass remains the same , but
the kinetic energy , and hence the temperature , is greater because of the increased velocity of the
molecules.

Q89. According to kinetic theory of heat

(a) temperature should rise during boiling

(b) temperature should fall during freezing

(c) at low temperature all bodies are in solid state

(d) at absolute zero there is absolutely no vibration of molecules

Ans: d

Solution:

Q90. Which of the following statement is correct

(a) the slope of vapourisation curve is always negative

(b) the slope of vapourisation curve is always positive

(c) the slope of sublimation curve is negative for all pure substances

(d) the slope of fusion curve is positive for all pure substances

Ans: a

Solution:

Q91. Internal latent heat is given by

pvg
(a) hfg −
J

pvg
(b) hg − J

pvf
(c) h_ sup −
J

pvg
(d) hfg + J

Ans: a

Solution:

Q92. In reversible polytropic process

(a) true heat transfer occurs

(b) the entropy remains constant

(c) the enthalpy remains constant

(d) the internal energy remains constant

Ans: a

Solution:

Q93. If a process can be stopped at any stage and reversed so that the system and surroundings are
exactly restored to their initial states, it is known as

(a) adiabatic process

(b) isothermal process

(c) ideal process

(d) frictionless process

Ans: c

Solution:

Q94. For any reversible process the net entropy change is

(a) zero

(b) positive

(c) negative infinite

(d) infinite

Ans: b

Solution:

Q95. The entropy may be expressed as a function of

(a) pressure and temperature

(b) temperature and volume

(c) heat and work

(d) all of the above

Ans: a

Solution:

Q96. Availability function is expressed as

(a) a = (u + p0 v − T0 s)
(b) a = (u + p0 dv + T0 ds)

(c) a = (du + p0 dv − T0 ds )

(d) a = (u + p0 v + T0 s)

Ans: a

Solution:

Q97. Mole fraction of a component of gas mixture is equal to

Here f = volume fraction
p =pressure of the mixture

(a) 1/f

(b) f 2

(c) f

(d) f/p

Ans: c

Solution:

Q98. An analysis which includes the steam in the exhaust is called

(a) dry analysis

(b) wet analysis

(c) dry and wet analysis

(d) none of the above

Ans: b

Solution:

Q99. Enthalpy of formation is defined as enthalpy of compounds at

(a) 250 𝐶 and 10 atmospheres

(b) 250 𝐶 and 1 atmospheres

(c) 0𝐶 and 1atmospheres

(d) 100 𝐶 and 1 atmospheres

Ans: b

Solution:

Q100. For which of the following cases the law 𝑝𝑣 𝛾 is not applicable ?

(a) adiabatic compression of air

(b) adiabatic expansion of steam in turbine

(c) free expansion of an ideal gas

(d) idea compression of air

Ans: c

Solution: