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Residues and Cauchy's Residue Theorem

This document provides an overview of residues and the residue theorem. It defines the residue of a function at an isolated singularity as the coefficient of the z^-1 term in the Laurent series. It gives examples of calculating residues. It then introduces the Cauchy residue theorem, which states that the integral of an analytic function over a closed contour equals 2πi times the sum of the residues of the poles enclosed by the contour. It provides an example problem applying the residue theorem to evaluate a contour integral. Finally, it lists practice problems from a complex analysis textbook.

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Anirudh Parole Preeth
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455 views3 pages

Residues and Cauchy's Residue Theorem

This document provides an overview of residues and the residue theorem. It defines the residue of a function at an isolated singularity as the coefficient of the z^-1 term in the Laurent series. It gives examples of calculating residues. It then introduces the Cauchy residue theorem, which states that the integral of an analytic function over a closed contour equals 2πi times the sum of the residues of the poles enclosed by the contour. It provides an example problem applying the residue theorem to evaluate a contour integral. Finally, it lists practice problems from a complex analysis textbook.

Uploaded by

Anirudh Parole Preeth
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Module II: Series and Residues

Topic 5: Residues and Residue Theorem


Lecturer: Prof Komala B
September 2020

1 Residue
1
• The coefficient of a−1 of in Laurent’s series is called the residue of the
z − z0
function f at the isolated singularity z0 denoted by Res(f (z), z0 ).

• If f has a pole of order n at z ="z0 , then


dn−1
#
1 n
Res(f (z), z0 ) = limz→z0 [(z − z0 ) f (z)]
(n − 1)! dz n−1

1
EXAMPLE: 1.1. Find the residue at each pole for the function f (z) =
+ z 3 − 2z 2
z4
Soln:
Factorizing the denominator we get z 2 (z − 1)(z + 2).
clearly, z = 0 is a pole of order n = 2, z = 1 is a pole of order n = 1 and z = −2 is a
pole of order n = 1.
" " ##
1 d2−1 2 1
Res(f (z), 0) = lim (z − 0)
(2 − 1)! z→0 dz 2−1 z 2 (z − 1)(z + 2)
d 1
= lim
z→0 dz (z − 1)(z + 2)
−1
= lim
z→0 [(z − 1)(z + 2)]2
−1
=
4

EXAMPLE: 1.2. Find the residue of the function f (z) = secz


Soln:
1
secz =
cosz
(2n + 1)π
z= , where n = 0, ±1, ±2, ...
2

1
are the poles of order n = 1 for f (z). 
π π 1 0
Res(f (z), ) = lim π (z − ) f orm
2 z→ 2 cosz 0
2
using L’Hospital’s Rule, we have
π 1
Res(f (z), ) = lim π = −1.
2 z→ −sinz
2
−π
Similarly, we get Res(f (z), )=1
2
3π
Res(f (z), ) = −1
2
−3π
Res(f (z), )=1
2
π
and so on. Thus Res(f (z), (2n + 1) ) = (−1)(n+1)
2

2 Residue Theorem
Cauchy’s Residue Theorem:
Let D be a simply connected domain and C a simple closed contour lying entirely
within D. If a function f is analytic on and within C, except at a finite number of
isolated singularities z1 , z2 , z3 , ...zn within C, then
H Pn
C f (z)dz = 2πi k=1 Res(f (z), zk )

H 1
Evaluate the integral C dz using Cauchy’s residue theorem along the
(z − 1)(z + 2)2
contour i) |z| = 1/2 ii) |z| = 3/2 iii) |z| = 3.

Soln:
z = 1 is a simple pole and z = −2 is a pole of order n = 2.

i)
I
1
dz = 0
C (z − 1)(z + 2)2

Since both the poles lie outside the contour |z| = 1/2.

2
ii) |z| = 3/2 contains the pole z = 1 and not the pole z = −2.
Thus,
I
1
dz = 2πi [Res[f (z), 1]]
C (z − 1)(z + 2)2
(z − 1) 1
Res[f (z), 1] = lim =
z→1 (z − 1)(z + 2)2 9
I
1 2πi
dz = 2(1/9) =
C (z − 1)(z + 2)2 9

iii) |z| = 3/2 contains the both the poles z = 1 and z = −2. Thus

I
1
dz = 2πi [Res[f (z), 1] + Res[f (z), −2]]
C (z − 1)(z + 2)2
1 −1
 
= 2πi +
9 9
=0

PRACTICE PROBLEMS:

Text Book: A First Course in Complex Analysis with Applications


Dennis G. Zill and Partick D. Shanahan
Jones and Bartlett Publishers, 2003

Page No. 300, Exercise 6.5: Question Numbers 7-30

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