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P & C Lecture 5

This document contains 10 questions related to counting principles and number theory concepts like number of ways of selecting objects, number of divisors of a number, and sum of divisors. The questions involve counting the number of ways to select objects from available sets in different arrangements like circular seating, arranging letters or selecting stations on a train line. The document also provides some notes on counting principles like the number of ways of selecting zero or more objects from a set and the formula to find the number of divisors of a number when it is expressed as a product of prime factors.

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Sonalika Shaw
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29 views

P & C Lecture 5

This document contains 10 questions related to counting principles and number theory concepts like number of ways of selecting objects, number of divisors of a number, and sum of divisors. The questions involve counting the number of ways to select objects from available sets in different arrangements like circular seating, arranging letters or selecting stations on a train line. The document also provides some notes on counting principles like the number of ways of selecting zero or more objects from a set and the formula to find the number of divisors of a number when it is expressed as a product of prime factors.

Uploaded by

Sonalika Shaw
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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No of ways of selecting two chairs out of 4 chairs in a round table =

Q1. Find the number of ways 5 students and one teacher


be seated around a circular discussion table with 9 chairs
i. Without restriction

ii. If seats adjacent to teacher must not remain empty


Q2. In how many ways letters of the words ALLAHABAD can be arranged in a circle

Q3. There are 10 intermediate stations on a railway line from on terminus to another.
In how many ways can a train stop at three of these intermediate stations if

i. All three stations are consecutive

ii. Atleast two stations are consecutive


iii. No stations are consecutive
Q4. There are 10 different things arranged in a circle. In how many ways can three objects be
selected if
i. All the 3 objects are consecutive

ii. Atleast two objects are consecutive


iii. No two objects are consecutive
Q5. How many hexagons can be constructed by joining vertices of a quindecagon (15 sided
polygon) if none of the sides of hexagon is also the sides of quindecagon.
TOTAL NUMBER OF SELECTION
Ex: No of ways of selecting one apple out of 5 identical apples is 1

Q6. Find the no. of ways of selecting zero or more toys from available 3 toys if these toys are
i. All different

ii. All identical


Note:
I. Number of ways of selecting zero or more objects from available n different objects is
𝑛𝐶0 + 𝑛𝐶1 + 𝑛𝐶2 + ⋯ + 𝑛𝐶𝑛 = 2𝑛

II. No. of ways of selecting zero or more objects from available n identical objects is
1 + 1 + 1 + ⋯ + 1 = (𝑛 + 1) ways
Q7. Find the number of ways of selecting zero or more fruits from 3 identical apples & 2
identical bananas
Q8. Find the no of ways of selecting one or more toys from available 3 toys if these
toys are
i. All different = 23 − 1 = 7 ways
ii. All identical = (3 + 1) − 1 = 3 ways
Q9. There are 4 Apples, 3 Mangoes, 2 Bananas. Find the no of ways of selecting (i)
atleast one fruit (ii) atleast one fruit of each kind if
a) Fruits of same species are different
b) Fruits of same species are alike
Q10. Find the number of ways of selecting one or more letters from the letters of
word “AAAABBCCCDEF”

Note: No of ways of to select one or more out of (𝑝 + 𝑞 + 𝑟) objects where p are alike of 1st
kind, q are alike of 2nd kind and remaining r are different Is (𝑝 + 1)(𝑞 + 1)2𝑟 − 1
NUMBER OF DIVISORS
Every natural number N can be expressed as exponents of primes
𝛼 𝛼 𝛼
𝑁 = 𝑝1 1 𝑝2 2 ⋯ 𝑝𝑛 𝑛 where p1, p2, … are primes. Now consider
i. No of divisors of N = no of terms in above expansion = (𝛼1 + 1)(𝛼2 + 1) ⋯ (𝛼𝑛 + 1)
𝛼 +1 𝛼 +1
𝑝1 1 −1 𝑝2 2 −1
ii. Sum of divisors is …
𝑝1 −1 𝑝2 −1

iii. Number of ways N can be resolved as product of two natural numbers is


1
a. (𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑜 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑜𝑟𝑠) if N is not a perfect square
2
1
b. (𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑜 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑜𝑟𝑠 + 1) if N is a perfect square
2

Q. Consider the no. 𝑁 = 25 34 57 72 . Find the


i. Total no of divisors
ii. No of proper divisors

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