Section One: Structure 1

SECTION ONE

Structure and Written Expression

This section is designed to measure your ability to recognize language that is appropriate for
standard written English. There are two types of questions in this section, with special directions
for each type.
Part One: Structure (20 items)

Directions: Questions 1-20 are incomplete sentences. Beneath each sentence you will see four words or
phrases, marked (A), (B), (C), and (D). Choose the ONE word or phrase that best
completes the sentence. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and
fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen.
Look at the following example.
Example I Sample Answer
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Geysers have often been compared to volcanoes ---------
they both emit hot liquids from below the Earth's surface.
(A) due to
(B) because
(C) in spite of
(D) regardless of

The sentence should read, "Geysers have often been compared to volcanoes because they both
emit hot liquids from below the Earth's surface." Therefore, you should choose (B).

Now start doing the following 20 questions.

5. The criminals are said -------- in the forest.
1. It is sometimes impossible --------- in these A. to be hiding
days. B. hidden
A. for optimistic remaining C. are hidden
B. to remain optimistic D. hiding
C. for an optimistic person remain
D. remaining a person optimistic 6. The professor asked the students -------
give a speech.
2. Having collected their data sets, -----------. A. not only to write a report and
A. the researchers began data analysis B. neither to write a report or
B. their data analysis was begun C. either to write a report but
C. its researchers began the analysis D. either to write a report or
D. the data analysis was begun
7. During the Period of Enlightenment, most
philosophers -------- learning truth by
3. Several different------- techniques are used reasoning.
for students who have problems in their
A. stressing
learning and remembering.
B. were stressed
A. to instruction
C. have been stressed
B. instruction
D. stressed
C. instructional
D. has instructed 8. The first use of advertising is believed to
be signs, -------- above the doors of
4. Several demonstrations were held, ------- commercial businesses.
the police a lot of problems. A. which were posted
A. caused B. having posted
B. that was caused C. which posted
C. causing D. posting
D. and cause
 Section one: structure, written expression 2

9. Mercury differs from other industrial 15. Because of the technical problems, the
metals ------ it is a liquid. technician made the researcher feel ---------
A. whereas
B. in that -over the last month.
C. because of A. real unhappily
D. consequently B. really unhappy
C. unhappy really
10. Most of ---------archaeologists know D. unhappily really
about prehistoric cultures is based on
studies of material remains. 16. A: “Where should I put the used papers?”
A. these B: “The papers-------- are next to the
B. what door.”
C. which
D. their A. have discarded
B. to be discarded
11. Some great discoveries such as producing C. will discard
electricity by magnetism --------- D. are discarding
A. and by accident
B. was an accident 17. A: “What’s the answer to those problems?”
C. were made by accident
D. were accident B: “I don’t know, and ------ I wouldn’t tell you.”
A. I did so
12. Both students --------- professors co- B. even if I did
operate with other to promote the C. if I do to
university. D. I did actually
A. except
B. but
C. instead 18. A: “Are you doing that assignment because
D. and you like it?”
13. The chief food eaten in any country B: “Of course not! The professor ------”
depends largely on ---------- bet in its A. made us do them.
climate and soil. B. told us to do it.
A. it grows C. did himself.
B. what grows D. asked for us.
C. des is grow
D. what does it grow 19. A: “I hope we are able to catch the train.”
B: If we want to get there on time,
14. Sometimes --------- to place physics and we --------- be very quick.”
chemistry into separate categories. A. have to
A. that difficulty is B. had to
B. is difficulty C. will
C. it is difficult D. might
D. that it is difficult
20. A: “The professor really looks
unhappy to be here.”
B: “I think he ------- working in this
department.”
A. is not interested in
B. is not interesting
C. has not been interesting
D. does not have interests
 Section One: Written Expression 3

Part Two: Written Expression

Directions: In questions 21-30 each sentence has four underlined words or phrases. The four
underlined parts of the sentence are marked (A), (B), (C), and (D). Identify the one
underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct.
Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in space that
corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen.

Example Sample Answer

(A) (B) (C) (D)
Guppies are sometimes call rainbow fish because of the males' bright colours.
A B C D
The sentence should read, “Guppies are sometimes called rainbow fish because of the males'
bright colours.” Therefore, you should choose (A).
Now start doing the following 15 items.

21. In my opinion, the more beautiful place in Tehran is Vali Asr Avenue.
A B C D
22. You had disobeyed me; moreover, I will not help you again.
A B C D
23. Computers are often used to control, adjustment, and correct complex industrial operations
A B C D

24. Islamic science refers to the science developing under the Islamic civilisation between
A B C D
the 7th and 16th centuries.

25. The first years of one's educational are thought to provide the bases of one's ability to learn
A B C
in later years.
D
26. Many of the computing patterns used today in elementary arithmetic, such as those for performing
A B
long multiplications and divisions, were developed as late as the fifteenth centuries.
C D

27. The boiled point of any liquid is determined by the press of the surrounding gases.
A B C D

28. Industrial buyer are responsible for supplying the goods and services that an organization
A B C
required for its operations.
D
29. Researchers at the University of Tehran are investigating a series of indicators that could help
A B C
themselves to predict earthquakes.

30. Iran is an example of countries that has made considerable advances through education and training.
A B C D
 Section One: Grammar and Vocabulary in context 4

Part Three: Grammar and Vocabulary in Context (Questions 31-40)

Directions: In the following passage, ten words have been removed. Four choices have been suggested
for each gap. Choose one choice, (A), (B), (C), or (D) that you think is the most
appropriate choice for the gap. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the
question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter you have chosen.

Muslim scholars paid great attention to 31.

A. original B. origin
geography. In fact, the Muslims' great concern for
C. originated D. originally
geography ---31--- with their religion. The Quran
encourages people ---32--- throughout the earth to 32.
A. travel B. to travel
see God's signs and patterns everywhere. Islam also
C. travelled D. travelling for
---33--- each Muslim to have at least enough ---34---
geography to know the direction of the Qiblah (the 33.
position of the Ka'bah in Makkah) in order to pray A. requires B. will require
C. required D. is required
five times a day. Muslims were also used ---35---
long journeys to conduct trade as well as to make the 34.
Hajj and spread their religion. The far-flung Islamic A. knowledgeable B. with knowledge
C. knowledge D. knowledge of
empire enabled scholar-explorers to compile large
amounts of geographical and climatic information 35.
from the Atlantic to the Pacific. A. for taking B. took
C. to taking D. taking

After the Second World War, most Islamic

36.
lands became independent once again, but the A. frustration B. dominance
scars of long colonial rule remained. These are C. fragmentation D. development
evident in the further---36--- of Islamic and
37.
Arabic countries into smaller states, in the A. inclined B. inflicted
injustice and oppression ---37--- against the C. intended D. inscribed
Palestinians, in the ---38--- invasion of Iraq, in
38.
the renewed activities to strengthen the cultural A. destructive B. constructive
barrier between the West and Islam and to ---39-- C. desired D. coordinated
- the image of Islam, in the current sectarian and
39.
ethnic feuds and ---40--- civil wars within some A. accept B. distinguish
countries, in the economic and political C. direct D. distort
dominance of foreign powers, and in the cultural
40.
domination exemplified in the use of foreign A. decorating B. demanding
rather than national languages in higher C. devastating D. designing
education.
 Section two: Vocabulary 5

SECTION TWO:
VOCABULARY
Part One: Vocabulary in sentences: Questions 41-55
Directions: In the following sentences, some words or phrases have been underlined. Four
choices, marked (A), (B), (C), and (D), have been suggested as their synonyms. Choose
one of these choices that you think is the most appropriate synonym for the underlined
word. Then, mark the correspondent number on your answer sheet.

41. The fourth research group was a 48. Self-consciousness is one of the things that
homogeneous group of university distinguish men from animals.
students. A. distract
A. uniform B. differentiate
B. dreary C. divert
D. discharge
C. unrelated 49. The evidence that the researcher
D. distinguishable provided was not convincing.
A. support
42. The spy used a fictitious name while B. mark
dealing with the enemy. C. paper
A. funny D. proof
B. false 50. The steady cooperation among staff in our
C. real department motivated postgraduate students.
D. foreign A. terrible
B. continuous
43. The storm caused irreparable damage to C. constructive
the Northern part of Iran. D. tense
51. Being only a chemist hampered him to
A. irresolute
provide what the doctor had prescribed.
B. irregular A. urged
C. irresponsible B. obliged
D. irrecoverable C. enabled
44. The professor’s spacious new office is D. hindered
wide enough for his own classes. 52. This is only a tentative draft of the new plan,
A. quiet which can be changed if thee are any
B. colourful suggestions.
A. permanent
C. roomy B. anonymous
D. comfortable C. provisional
D. unacceptable
45. The flowers on the table were a a 53. Travel agents will confirm your reservations
demonstration of the child`s love for for you free.
his mother. A. purchase
A. a demonstration
B. an infestation B. verify
C. a combination C. propose
D. a satisfaction D. visit
46. Before the earthquake hit Ardabil, many 54. Governments retained salt trade as monopoly
minor tremors were felt. in the Middle Ages.
A. spasms
B. noises A. reserved
C. vibrations B. refused
D. crumblings C. regarded
D. reacted
47. The students’ unabashed behaviour 55. The professor purported that he was
caused great concern among their involved in the project while he did not
teachers. know anything about it at all.
A. unembarrassed A. proposed
B. cowardly B. pretended
C. terrible C. preserved
D. unforgivable D. predominated
 Section Two: Vocabulary 6

Part Two: Questions 56-70

Directions: One word or phrase is removed from questions 56-70. Four choices have
been suggested for it. Choose one choice, (A), (B), (C), or (D) that you think
best completes the sentence. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of
the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter you have chosen.

56. Magnetisms that is ------- by an electronic 63. In a teacher training course, the participants
current is known as electromagnetism. are suggested to visit schools for the ---------
A. encouraged of lessons.
B. endured A. inspection
C. induced B. investigation
D. integrated C. observation
57. The date of our exam has been ------ D. obligation
postponed; therefore, we do not know when 64. If you cannot solve a problem using one
it will be held or if it will be held at all. method it may be necessary to --------- a
A. indefinitely different one.
B. infinitively A. abate
C. identically B. adopt
D. identifiably C. abandon
D. acclaim
58. The efforts of the government to educate the 65. Although we were emotionally incompatible, our
citizens would be ------ if parents did not common interest made us ---------- friends.
cooperate with the authorities. A. indifferent
A. unlimited B. detached
B. nullified C. hostile
C. notified D. Intimate
D. nominated 66. Exposure to media information on family
59. The unusual behaviour of the laser beam is planning may have positive ------- on
produced ------ by its high degree of behaviour.
coherence.. A. infection
A. Emotionally B. infusion
C. inference
B. Apparently D. influence
C. Exclusively 67. Most living things can -------- certain features of
D. objectively their environment for their own comfort
60. The scientists proved that the ------ of light is A. alter
much greater than that of sound. B. afford
A. volume C. allude
D. advocate
B. velocity 68. He showed no --------- to object to my points of view.
C. density A. investigation
D. development B. instruction
61. My friend and I --------- on all of our papers. C. perfection
He suggests the idea and I collect the data. D. inclination
Then we write them together. 69. The company's profits have been steadily falling and
A. study the new manager is trying to --------- this trend.
B. collaborate A. demoralize
C. discuss B. depart
D. divide C. reverse
62. Income tax rates are --------- to one’s annual D. revolt
income. 70. Some people never look after themselves, so it is
A. related -------- that one day they will be seriously ill.
B. dependent A. inevitable
C. associated B. inappropriate
D. based C. impressive
D. indispensable
 Section Three: Reading Comprehension 7

SECTION THREE
READING COMPREHENSION

Directions: In this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by several questions
about it. For questions 71-100, you are to choose the one best answer, (A), (B), (C), or
(D), to each question. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and
fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen.
Passage One: Questions 71- 77
A number of factors related to the voice reveal the personality of the speaker. The first is the
broad area of communication, which includes imparting information by use of language,
communicating with a group or an individual, and specialized communication through performance.
line A person conveys thoughts and ideas through choice of words, by a tone of voice that is pleasant or
05 unpleasant, gentle or harsh, by the rhythm that is inherent within the language itself, and by speech
rhythms that are flowing and regular or uneven and hesitant, and finally, by the pitch and melody
of the utterance. When speaking before a group, a person's tone may indicate unsureness or fright,
confidence or calm. At interpersonal levels, the tone may reflect ideas and feelings over and
above the words chosen, or may belie them. Here the conversants’ tone can consciously or
10 unconsciously reflect intuitive sympathy or antipathy, lack of concern or interest, fatigue, anxiety,
enthusiasm or excitement, all of which are usually discernible by the acute listener. Public
performance is a manner of communication that is highly specialized with its own techniques for
obtaining effects by voice and /or gesture. The motivation derived from the text, and in the case of
singing, the music, in combination with the performer's skills, personality, and ability to create
15 empathy will determine the success of artistic, political, or pedagogic communication. Second, the
voice gives psychological clues to a person's self-image, perception of others, and emotional health.
Self-image can be indicated by a tone of voice that is confident, pretentious, shy, aggressive,
outgoing, or exuberant, to name only a few personality traits. Also the sound may give a clue to the
facade or mask of that person, for example, a shy person hiding behind an overconfident front. How
20 a speaker perceives the listener's receptiveness, interest, or sympathy in any given conversation can
drastically alter the tone of presentation, by encouraging or discouraging the speaker. Emotional
health is evidenced in the voice by free and melodic sounds of the happy, by constricted and harsh
sound of the angry, and by dull and lethargic qualities of the depressed.

C. To contrast them to singing

71. What does the passage mainly discuss? D. To introduce the idea of self-image
A. The function of the voice in 75. What does the author mean by staring that, "At
performance interpersonal levels, tone may reflect ideas and
B. The connection between voice feelings over and above the words chosen"?
and personality A. Feelings are expressed with different
C. Communication styles words than ideas are.
D. The production of speech B. The tone of voice can carry information
72. The word "Here" in line 9 refers to -----. beyond the meaning of words.
A. interpersonal interactions C. A high tone of voice reflects an emotional
B. the tone communication.
C. ideas and feelings D. Feelings are more difficult to express than
D. words chosen ideas.
73. According to the passage, an 76. According to the passage, an exuberant tone of
overconfident front may hide -----. voice, may be an indication of a person's ------.
A. hostility friendliness A. general physical health
B. shyness D strength B. personality
74. Why does the author mention "artistic, C. ability to communicate
political, or pedagogic communication" in D. vocal quality
line15? 77. According to the passage, what does a
A. As examples of public performance constricted and harsh voice indicate?
B. As examples of basic styles of A. Lethargy C. Depression
communication B. Boredom D. Anger
 Section Three: Reading Comprehension 8

Passage Two: Questions 78- 87

The stylistic innovation in paining known as Impressionism began in the1870’s. The Impressionists
wanted to depict what they saw in nature, but they were inspired to portray fragmentary moments by the
increasingly fast pace of modern life. They concentrated on the play of light over objects, people, and
line nature, breaking up seemingly solid surfaces, stressing vivid contrast between colours in sunlight and
05 shade, and depiction reflected light in all of its possibilities. Unlike earlier artists, they did not want to
observe the world from indoors. They abandoned the studio, painting in the open air and recording
spontaneous Impressions of their subjects instead of making outside sketches and then moving indoors to
complete the work form memory.
Some of the Impressionists’ painting methods were affected by technological advances. For example,
10 the shift from the studio to the open air was made possible in part by the advent of cheap rail travel, which
permitted easy and quick access to the countryside or seashore, as well as by newly developed chemical
dyes and oils that led to collapsible paint tubes, which enabled artists to finish their paintings on the spot.
Impressionism acquired its name not from supporters but from angry art lovers who felt threatened by
the new painting. The term “Impressionism” was born in1874, when a group of artists who had been
15 working together organized an exhibition of their paintings in order to draw public attention to their work.
Reaction from the public and press was immediate, and derisive. Among the 165 paintings exhibited was
one called Impression: Sunrise, by Claude Monet (1840-1926), Viewed through hostile eyes, Monet’s
painting of a rising sun over a misty, watery scene seemed messy, slapdash, and an affront to good taste.
Borrowing Monet’s title, art critics extended the term “Impressionism” to the entire exhibit. In response,
20 Monet and his 29 fellow artists in the exhibit adopted the same name as a badge of their unity, despite
individual differences. From then until 1886 Impressionism had all the zeal of a “church”, as the
painter Renoir put it. Monet was faithful to the Impressionist creed until his death, although many of the
others moved on to new styles.

78. What aspect of painting in the nineteenth century 83. The exhibition of paintings organized in 1874 resulted in
does the passage mainly discuss? all of the following EXCEPT -----.
A. The impact of some artists’ resistance to the A. attracting attention from the public
fast pace of life B. a negative reaction from the press
B. The differences between two major styles of C. an immediate demand for the paintings exhibited
art D. creating a name for a new style of painting
C. A technological advance in the materials used 84. Which of the following is a significant way in which
by artists Impressionists were different from the artists that
D. A group of artists with a new technique and preceded them?
approach to art A. They began by making sketches of their subjects
79. The word “depict” in line 2 is closest in meaning B. They painted their subjects out-of-doors
to -------. C. They preferred to paint from memory
A. reorganize C. deform D. They used subjects drawn from modern life
B. represent D. justify 85. The rejection of the Impressionist exhibition by critics
80. The word “advent” in line 12 is closest in meaning was caused by which of the following?
to -------. A. The small number of paintings on display
A. achievement C. acceptance B. Lack of interest in exhibitions by young artists
B. arrival D. advantage C. The similarity between all the paintings exhibited
81. According to the passage, which of the following D. Anger about seemingly poorly painted art
was one of the distinguishing characteristics of 86. The author mentions Renoir in line 22 to give an
Impressionist painting? example of an artist who ------.
A. The emphasis on people rather than nature A. became as famous as Monet
scenes B. was consistently praised by art critics
B. The way the subjects were presented from C. described the enthusiasm of the Impressionists
multiple angles for their work
C. The focus on small solid objects D. was in favour of a traditional style of painting
D. The depiction of the effects of light and 87. The word “others” in line 23 refers to ----.
colour A. art critics C. fellow artists
82. The word “affront” in line 18 is closest in meaning B. new style D. differences individual
to ------. .
A. insult C. return
B. encouragement D. credit
 Section Three: Reading Comprehension 9

Passage Three: Questions 88-92

line A recent investigation by scientists at the U.S. Geological Survey shows that strange
animal behaviour might help predict future earthquakes. Investigators found such occurrences
in a ten-kilometre radius of the epicentre of a fairly recent quake. Some birds screeched and
flew about wildly: dogs yelped and ran around uncontrollably. Scientists believe the animals
05 can perceive these environmental changes as early as several days before the mishap. In 1976
after observing animal behaviour, the Chinese were able to predict a devastating quake.
Although hundreds of thousands of people were killed, the government was able to evacuate
millions of other people and thus keep the death toll at a lower level.

88. What prediction may be made by observing 91. Why can animals perceive these changes when
animal behaviour? humans cannot?
A. the ten-kilometre radius of the A. Animals have certain instincts that humans
epicentre don`s possess
B. an impending earthquake B. Animals are smarter than humans
C. the number of people who will die C. By running around the house, they can fell
D. environmental changes the vibrations
89. The word “evacuate” most nearly means ---. D. Humans don`t know where to look
A. remove C. Exile 92. Which of the following is not true?
B. destroy D. emaciate A. Some animals nay be able to sense an
90. If scientists can accurately predict approaching earthquake
earthquakes, there will be -----. B. By observing animal behaviour scientists
A. fewer animals going crazy perhaps can predict earthquakes
B. a lower death rate C. The Chinese have successfully predicted an
C. fewer people evacuated earthquake and saved many lives.
D. fewer environmental changes D. All birds and dogs in a ten-kilometre radius
of the epicenter went wild before the quake.

Passage Four: Questions 93-95

As far back as 700 d.c., man has talked about children being cared for by wolves.
Romulus and Remus, the legendary twin founders of Rome, were purported to have been
cared for by wolves. It is believed that when a she-wolf loses her litter, she seeks a human
line child to take its place. The seemingly preposterous idea did not become credible until the
05 late nineteenth century when a French doctor actually found a naked ten-year-old boy
wandering in the woods. He did not walk erect, could not speak intelligibly, nor could he
relate to people. He only growled and stared at them. Finally the doctor won the boy`s
confidence and began to work with him. After many long years of devoted and patient
instruction, the doctor was able to get the boy to clothe and feed himself, recognize and utter
a number of words, as well as write letters and form words.
93. The French doctor found the boy -----
A. wandering in the woods 95. Which of the following statements is not true?
B. at his doorstep A. Examples of wolves` caring for human children
C. growling at him can be found only in the nineteenth century.
D. speaking intelligibly B. She-wolves have been said to substitute human
94. The doctor was able to work with the boy children for their lost litters.
because C. The French doctor succeeded in domesticating
A. the boy was highly intelligent the boy somewhat.
B. the boy trusted him D. The young boy never was able to speak
C. the boy liked to dress up perfectly
D. the boy was dedicated and patient
 Section Three: Reading Comprehension 10

Passage Five: Questions 96-100

Most people can remember a phone number for up to thirty seconds. When this short amount of
time elapses, however, the numbers are erased from the memory. How did the information get there in
the first place? Information that makes its way to the short term memory (STM) does so via the sensory
line storage area. The brain has a filter which only allows stimuli that is of immediate interest to pass on to
05 the STM, also known as the working memory.
There is much debate about the capacity and duration of the short term memory. The most
accepted theory comes from George A. Miller, a cognitive psychologist who suggested that humans can
remember approximately seven chunks of information. A chunk is defined as a meaningful unit of
information, such as a word or name rather than just a letter or number. Modern theorists suggest that
10 one can increase the capacity of the short term memory by chunking, or classifying similar information
together. By organizing information, one can optimize the STM, and improve the chances of a memory
being passed on to long term storage.
When making a conscious effort to memorize something, such as information for an exam, many
people engage in "rote rehearsal". By repeating something over and over again, we are able to keep a
15 memory alive. Unfortunately, this type of memory maintenance only succeeds if there are no
interruptions. As soon as a person stops rehearsing the information, it has the tendency to disappear.
When a pen and paper are not handy, you might attempt to remember a phone number by repeating it
aloud. If the doorbell rings or the dog barks to come in before you get the opportunity to make your
phone call, you will forget the number instantly. Therefore, rote rehearsal is not an efficient way to pass
20 information from the short term to long term memory. A better way is to practice "elaborate rehearsal".
This involves assigning semantic meaning to a piece of information so that it can be filed along with
other pre-existing long term memories.
Encoding information semantically also makes it more retrievable. Retrieving information can be
done by recognition or recall. Humans can recall memories that are stored in the long term memory and
25 used often. However, if a memory seems to be forgotten, it may eventually be retrieved by prompting.
The more cues a person is given (such as pictures), the more likely a memory can be retrieved. This is
why multiple choice tests are often used for subjects that require a lot of memorization.

96. According to the passage, how do B. By repeating it

memories get transferred to the C. By giving it a name
STM? D. By drawing it
A. They revert from the long
term memory. 99. The author believes that rote rotation is------
B. They are filtered from the A. the best way to remember
sensory storage area. something
C. They get chunked when they B. more efficient than chunking
enter the brain C. ineffective in the long run
D. They enter via the nervous D. an unnecessary interruption
system.
100. Which of the following is NOT
97. All of the following are mentioned supported by the passage?
as places in which memories are A. The working memory is the same as
stored EXCEPT the -------. the short term memory.
A. STM B. A memory is kept alive through
B. long term memory constant repetition.
C. sensory storage area C. Cues help people to recognize
D. maintenance area information.
D. Multiple choice exams are the most
98. How do theorists believe a person difficult.
can remember more information in a Good Luck!
short time?
A. By organizing it