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ENGLISH
First Quarter – Module 1

SDO TAGUIG CITY AND PATEROS

Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
This module was collaboratively designed, developed and evaluated by the Development
and Quality Assurance Teams of SDO TAPAT to assist you in helping the learners meet
the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social,
and economic constraints in schooling.
As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You
also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their
own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as
they do the tasks included in the module.
For the learner:
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.
The following are some reminders in using this module:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer Let’s Try before moving on to the other activities included
in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.

If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate
to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

Let’s Learn

This module focuses on how to supply words or expressions that complete

an analogy

After your successful completion of this material, you are expected to:
1. Show understanding of and identify word relationships
2. Create analogies based on given relationships
3. Enhance your vocabulary through forming analogies
4. Demonstrate literary and communicative competence through your
understanding of the given text
5. Express through writing how Philippine narratives reflect the
uniqueness and cultural identity of Filipinos

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 Let’s Try
DIRECTIONS: Choose the letter of the pair of words that shows the same
relationship. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

1. heart: cardiovascular system :: :

a. water: ocean c. fish: swim
b. ice: cold d. exhausted: take a break
2. deforestation : erosion:: :
a. resilience : flexibility c. smoke belching : pollution
b. chef : cook d. north pole : cold
3. bus : driver :: :
a. practice : improve c. fighter : soldier
b. overindulgence to food: stomach upset d. whiteboard : teacher
4. shortage : conservation :: :
a. illiteracy : education c. grateful : appreciative
b. sugary : sweet d. compassionate:unmerciful
5. winter : summer :: ::
a. trunk : tree c. crooner : sing
b. dry : wet d. elevator : lift

Let’s Explore
About the Author

Damiana Ligon Eugenio (September 27, 1921 – October 10,

2014) was a Filipino female author and professor who was known as
the Mother of Philippine Folklore, a title she received in 1986. Apart from
teaching at the University of the Philippines, she has several publications
in the field of Philippine folklore, among them a series of seven books
which she compiled and edited. She was the recipient of a lifetime
achievement award from the Philippine Board on Books for Young People
(PPBY Awards) for her significant contributions to the growth of literacy for
children in 1991.

Retrieved from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damiana_Eugenio

Read the story with some members of your family and discover how the
world was created from the point of view of the Maranaos. Use the While
Reading Spinner below for a more meaningful reading experience. Be creative.
Use any object symbolic of the story for spinning. Then on the space provided,
write the question you answered best and your response to it.

While Reading
SPINNER

Could
this story
be true?

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Question:
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________

My Answer:
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
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The Origin of This World (Maranao)

from the Anthology of Philippine Myths by Damiana L. Eugenio

According to Maranaw folklore, this world was created by a great Being.

It is not known, however, who exactly is this great Being. Or how many days
it took him to create this world.

This world is divided into seven layers. The earth has also seven
layers. Each layer is inhabited by a different kind of being. The uppermost
layer, for example, is the place we are inhabiting. The second layer is being
inhabited by dwarfs. These dwarfs are short, plump, and long-haired. They
are locally known as Karibanga. The Karibanga are said to possess magical
powers. They are usually invisible to the human eye. The third layer of the
earth which is found under the sea or lake is inhabited by nymphs.
These nymphs also possess certain magical powers. It is stated in the story
of Rajah Indarapatra that he met and fell in love with the princess nymph
with whom he had a child.

The sky also consists of seven layers. Each layer has a door which is
guarded day and night by huge mythical birds called garoda. The seventh
layer of the sky is the seat of heaven which is also divided into seven layers.
Every layer in the sky is inhabited by angels. Maranaws believe that angels
do not need food. They all possess wings with which they fly.

Heaven which is found on the seventh layer of the sky is where good
people‘s spirits go after death. Saints are assigned to the seventh layer while
persons who ―barely made it are confined to the lower most layer which is
found at the bottom of heaven.

It is in heaven where we find the tree-of-life. On each leaf of the tree-of-

life is written the name of every person living on earth. As soon as a leaf ripens
or dries and falls, the person whose name it carries also dies.

The soul of every person is found in tightly covered jars kept in one
section of heaven. This particular section of heaven is closely guarded by a
monster with a thousand eyes, named Walo. Walo, in addition to his
thousand eyes, has also eight hairy heads. The epic Darangan speaks of
Madale, Bantugan‘s brother and, Mabaning, Husband of Lawanen,
entering this section and retrieving the soul of Bantugan.

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1. How is this version of creation different from the version that you already
know?
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2. Who, according to this selection, is the creator of the world?
________________________________________________________________________________
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3. Is the number seven a significant element in this story of creation? Why or
Why not?
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4. What is the significance of the tree of life in the story?
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5. Do sinners have a place in heaven? Which part of the story explains this?
________________________________________________________________________________
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6. What does the retrieval of Bantugan’s soul strongly say about the
Maranao’s belief about life and death?
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________

Let’s Elaborate

Analogies show relationships between words. Their etymology is the

Greek word analogia, which is a combination of the affixes ana (upon, again
or back) and logos (ratio, word, or speech). When these two are combined, the
word means something similar to “proportion.” Their function is to describe
or explain one thing by examining its similarities with another thing.
Take a look at the example below. Do you see any relationship
between each pair of words? What is it?

high : low :: smooth : rough

The double colon divides the analogy into two parts. The first part
is the left- hand side of the double colon, “high : low,” and the second part
is the right-hand side, “smooth : rough.” Remember that the relationship
that occurs between the first part is exactly the same as the relationship
that is present between the word in the second part. One is likely to read
this analogy as, “High is the opposite of low, just as smooth is the
opposite of rough.”

Practice reading the following analogies:

Oven : hot :: refrigerator : cold

Knife : cut :: shovel : dig
Artist : creative :: speaker : eloquent
Architect : design :: engineer : build
Insomnia : avoid caffeine :: muscle soreness : massage

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Below are some examples of analogy relationships.

Part to whole Cause to effect

Antonyms Synonyms
Performer and Action Noun to closely related adjective
Problem to Solution Category example
Object to Function Object to its User
Part to whole
In this analogy, the first word is a part of the second word and the third
word is part of the fourth word.
Example: SD card : cellphone :: objective lens :: microscope.

Antonyms
This is an analogy of words that are opposite in meaning.
Example: Cheerful : gloomy :: excited : undisturbed
Performer and action Analogy
In this type of analogy, both the performer and action are stated.
Example: seamstress : sew

Problem to solution
Every problem has a solution. In this type of analogy, two words related to
each other are used.
Example: weak and rest

Object to Function
This is a type of analogy in which one word is object and another is the
related function.
Example: Key and unlock

Cause to effect
This analogy shows how one thing causes
another.
Example: Heavy rains causes torrential flooding

Synonyms
One way analogies are set up is by using synonyms or words that mean
the same.
Example: radiant : glowing :: organized : prepared

Noun to closely related adjective

In this type, the first term is a noun and the second term an adjective which
describes it and the same pattern applies to the right-hand part of the
analogy.
Example: Lawyer : objective :: journalist : inquisitive

Category example
This type of analogy shows umbrella words or large topics and their
examples.
Example: Adverb : consequently :: Adjective : adamant

Object to its User

Another way analogies are presented is through Object to its User where
the first term is usually the object or tool and the next term is the person
that utilizes it. The same pattern applies to the right-hand part of the
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 analogy.
Example: Pen : writer :: ladel : cook

Analogies are also used in literature and pop culture. Study the given
examples below:

In Literature…

Example 1
What gun powder did for war, the printing press has done for the mind.
(Wendell Phillips, Public Opinion on the Abolition Question)
Explanation: Gun powder revolutionized war and brought down old hierarchies
and strategies - after the introduction of the gun, war would never be the same.
Similarly, the invention of the printing press allowed books and newspapers to
reach vast audiences that otherwise had no access to the written word. This
revolutionized education and made possible an era of widespread literacy
and democratic thought.

Example 2
Evolution is a blind giant who rolls a snowball down a hill. The ball is
made of flakes—circumstances. They contribute to the mass without
knowing it. They adhere without intention, and without foreseeing what is
to result. When they see the result, they marvel at the monster ball and
wonder how the contriving of it came to be originally thought out and
planned. Whereas there was no such planning, there was only a law: the
ball once started, all the circumstances that happened to lie in its path
would help to build it, in spite of themselves.” (Mark Twain, Tales of
Wonder)
Explanation: Here, Twain uses an analogy to speak about evolution,
comparing it to a giant rolling a snowball down the hill–the results are quite
unpredictable, but inevitable.

In Popular Culture…

Example 1
My mother always said “life is like a box of chocolates – you never know
what you’re going to get!” (Forrest Gump)
Explanation: Here, Forrest Gump shares a very memorable analogy,
beginning with the simile “life was like a box of chocolates.” But this is an
analogy because it gives further support and explanation for the
comparison, showing that life has many choices and surprises, just like a
box of chocolate.

Example 2
People are like stained-glass windows. They sparkle and shine when
the sun is out, but when the darkness sets in, their true beauty is revealed
only if there is a light from within. (Quote by Elisabeth Kübler-Ross in The
Leader’s Digest by Jim Clemmer, 2003)
Explanation: In this quote, the groundbreaking psychiatrist Elizabeth
Kübler-Ross (well-known for her 5 Stages of Grief) gives an analogy about
the human condition, saying that people, like stained-glass, work differently
in situations of light and dark.
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 Let’s Dig In

DIRECTIONS: Pick any words of your choice from the Maranao’s version
of creation then use them to create examples for two types of analogies
given on the table below.

Let’s Remember

DIRECTIONS: Use these sentences starters to write what you have

learned about analogies.
1. This week, I have learned that analogies…
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
2. My favorite t y p e o f a n a l o g y i s … (write t h e a n a l o g y t y p e t h e n
s t a t e your reason)
____________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
3. Because of this lesson, I was able to…
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
4. I find this lesson useful because…
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

Let’s Apply

DIRECTIONS: Create a sample pop culture analogy about the present

condition of our country as a result of the pandemic. Take a picture,
screenshot or draw an image that matches your analogy. You may ask a
family member to help you. Paste your picture/drawing and write your
analogy on a separate sheet of paper.

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 Let’s Evaluate
DIRECTIONS: The given sets of analogies contain wrong words. These
words are already identified. Choose and write on the blank before each
number the word that correctly completes it.
1. horse : burrow :: bird : nest
rabbit pig sparrow
2. tiger : carnivore :: goat : omnivore
squirrel horse cow

3. farmer : ploughs :: peddler : models

begs designs sells

4. snow : flake :: rain : blow

droplet liquid stones

5. doctors: hospitals :: modiste : site

nurse engineer dentist

Let’s Extend

COLLIDING CHARACTERS
Combine two characters from the creation story you just read to invent a new
one. Draw this character inside the circle.

In the box below, write a short story about your new character. Find words inthe given
analogy examples which you do not currently use, then use these words in writing your
story. Give your story a title
__________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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References

http://www.literarydevices.com/analogy/

https://www.google.com/search?q=canva+app&oq=canva&aqs=chrome.1.0l7j5.439
4j0j9&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8

https://englishlinx.com/

https://www.softschools.com/quizzes/language_arts/part_whole_analogies/quiz47
1.html

https://www.varsitytutors.com/ssat_middle_level_verbal-help/determining-
meaning-from-type-of-relationship/analogies/part-whole-part-part-example-
category-and-cause-effect

Development Team of the Module

Writer: APHOL F. VILLANUEVA

Editor: DEBBIE S. RELLOSA
Reviewer: NOEL T. BALUBAL
Illustrator: BERNARD MARC CODILLO
Layout Artist: LEILA A. HIPOLITO
ABIGAIL R. SADANG
Content Validators: NIDA C. GUMANGAN, JOB MARTIN S. VILLAFUERTE
MARICEL C. UNTALAN AND HAROLD K. TAGUBA
Management Team: DR. MARGARITO B. MATERUM, SDS
DR. GEORGE P. TIZON, SGOD-Chief
DR. ELLERY G. QUINTIA, CID Chief
MR. NOEL T. BALUBAL, EPS English
DR. DAISY L. MATAAC, EPS – LRMS/ALS

Management Team: Dr. Margarito B. Materum, SDS

Dr. George P. Tizon, SGOD – Chief
For inquiries, please write or call:
Dr. Ellery G. Quintia, CID Chief
Mr. Noel
Schools Division of Taguig T. and
city Balubal, EPS-
Pateros English
Upper Bicutan Taguig City

Telefax: 8384251 Dr. Daisy L. Mataac, EPS- LRMS/ALS

Email Address: sdo.tapat@deped.gov.ph

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