DNV Os C102
DNV Os C102
DNV-OS-C102 Edition July 2021
Structural design of offshore ship-shaped
and cylindrical units
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are any inconsistencies between the PDF version and any other available version, the PDF version shall prevail.
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FOREWORD
DNV offshore standards contain technical requirements, principles and acceptance criteria related
to classification of offshore units.
© DNV AS July 2021
Any comments may be sent by e-mail to rules@dnv.com
This service document has been prepared based on available knowledge, technology and/or information at the time of issuance of this
document. The use of this document by other parties than DNV is at the user's sole risk. DNV does not accept any liability or responsibility
for loss or damages resulting from any use of this document.
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CHANGES – CURRENT
Changes - current
This document supersedes the July 2020 edition of DNVGL-OS-C102.
The numbering and/or title of items containing changes is highlighted in red.
Changes July 2021
Ch.2 Sec.3 [5.2.2] Aligned guidance note with requirement in Ch.2 Sec.1 [5.4.2].
Ch.2 Sec.4 Table 3, Updated example are for non-accessible structure.
Ch.3 Sec.1 Table 5
Ch.2 Sec.4 Table 4 Updated description for row no. 10.
Ch.2 Sec.5 [5] Updated reference to ship rule and modified guidance note.
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Topic Reference Description
Changes - current
New voluntary class notation Ch.3 Sec.1 [2.4] New voluntary class notation for hull girder strength. Additional
Hull(+) strength hull girder capacity checks to be carried out. The
additional strength checks are considered to cover the hull
girder strength capacity requirements given in NORSOK
N-004 Annex C not covered by the basic requirements in this
standard.
Editorial corrections
In addition to the above stated changes, editorial corrections may have been made.
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CONTENTS
Contents
Changes – current............................................................ 3
Chapter 1 Introduction..................................................... 7
Section 1 General................................................................................................................ 7
1 General.................................................................................................................7
Chapter 2 Technical provisions....................................... 13
Section 1 Design principles............................................................................................... 13
1 General...............................................................................................................13
2 Design conditions...............................................................................................14
3 Design conditions and design load scenarios..................................................... 16
4 Arrangements.....................................................................................................17
5 Material selection and inspection principles...................................................... 18
6 Net scantling and corrosion protection.............................................................. 23
Section 2 Design loads...................................................................................................... 26
1 General...............................................................................................................26
2 Static loads........................................................................................................ 27
3 Dynamic loads....................................................................................................28
4 Design load scenarios and design loading conditions........................................ 43
Section 3 Strength assessment......................................................................................... 44
1 General...............................................................................................................44
2 Hull girder nominal strength check....................................................................44
3 Hull local scantling.............................................................................................45
4 Finite element analyses..................................................................................... 46
5 Weld and bolt connections.................................................................................48
Section 4 Fatigue............................................................................................................... 49
1 Principles and methodology............................................................................... 49
Section 5 Hull equipment, supporting structures and appendages.................................... 58
1 Anchoring, mooring and towing equipment....................................................... 58
2 Support structure of deck fittings for mooring and towing................................ 58
3 Support structure for permanent mooring systems........................................... 59
4 Support of heavy equipment, winches and pulling accessories.......................... 62
5 Support of topside stools...................................................................................62
6 Support structure for inboard cranes, davits and lifting masts.......................... 62
7 Support of offshore cranes................................................................................ 63
8 Bulwarks, protection of crew and appendages.................................................. 70
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Section 6 Topside structures requirements....................................................................... 73
Contents
1 Application......................................................................................................... 73
2 Material and inspection principles..................................................................... 73
3 Design principles................................................................................................73
4 Design loads...................................................................................................... 73
5 Local design requirements................................................................................. 75
6 Primary supporting members.............................................................................77
Section 7 Special provisions for unit types, conversions, redeployments and lifetime
extensions..................................................................................................................... 81
1 General...............................................................................................................81
2 Drilling units...................................................................................................... 82
3 Well intervention units...................................................................................... 85
4 Floating production and storage units............................................................... 86
5 Cylindrical units................................................................................................. 99
6 Conversion of units.......................................................................................... 107
7 Life time extension.......................................................................................... 110
8 Redeployment of units..................................................................................... 111
Chapter 3 Classification and certification......................112
Section 1 Classification and certification requirements................................................... 112
1 General.............................................................................................................112
2 Additional class notations - structural strength............................................... 115
Changes – historic........................................................126
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CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
Chapter 1 Section 1
SECTION 1 GENERAL
1 General
1.1 Introduction
The requirements given in this standard give supplementary requirements above the basic hull strength
requirements in the rules for classification of ships, DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3.
For requirements not specifically given in this standard, the requirements in DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 apply.
1.2 Objectives
The objectives of this standard are to:
— provide an internationally acceptable standard for design of offshore ship-shaped units
— serve as a technical reference document in contractual matters between purchaser and manufacturer
— serve as a guideline for designers, purchaser, contractors and regulators
— provide, as far as possible, consistent loads for both topside and hull design.
1.3 Scope
1.3.1 This standard cover structural requirements of ship-shape and cylindrical units for world wide
operation, and units permanently moored at a site specific location. The standard is based on the working
stress design (WSD) principle and cover the following limit states:
— ultimate limit states (ULS)
— fatigue limit states (FLS)
— accidental limit states (ALS)
and the following structural items are covered:
— material selection and inspection principles
— design conditions and design loads
— hull strength assessment
— fatigue requirements
— topside structure
— topside and turret interface to hull structure
— unit specific requirements
— procedures and requirements for units subject to classification services.
The following structural items are not covered in this standard:
— serviceability (SLS) condition
— flag and shelf state requirements.
Guidance note:
Governmental regulations may include requirements in excess of the provisions of this standard depending on the type,
location and intended service of the offshore unit or installation.
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Chapter 1 Section 1
1.3.2 For novel designs, or unproven applications where limited experience is available, increased scope
such as global FE-analyses and model tests may be required to demonstrate the unit's strength and fatigue
capacities.
1.4 Application
1.4.1 This standard can be applied to the following types of ship-shape and cylindrical units constructed in
steel:
— production and storage (FPSO/FLNG/FSO)
— drilling
— well intervention
— other types of ship-shaped or cylindrical units
1.4.2 In case of conflicts between requirements given in this standard and other DNV standards, the
requirements given in this standard prevail.
1.4.3 For application of this standard as technical basis for classification, see Ch.3 Sec.1.
1.5 References
1.5.1 DNV references
Table 1 lists DNV references used in this document.
Table 1 DNV references
Document code Title
DNV-OS-C101 Design of offshore steel structure, general - LRFD method
DNV-RP-C205 Environmental conditions and environmental loads
DNV-OS-C401 Fabrication and testing of offshore structures
DNV-CG-0127 Finite element analysis
DNV-CG-0128 Buckling
DNV-CG-0129 Fatigue assessment of ship structures
DNV-OS-C301 Stability and watertight integrity
DNV-OS-E401 Helicopter decks
DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Hull
DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.2 Materials and welding
DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.6 Ch.6 Cold climate
DNV-ST-0378 Offshore and platform lifting appliances
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Chapter 1 Section 1
1.6 Definitions and abbreviations
1.6.1 Definition of verbal forms
The verbal forms defined in Table 2 are used in this document.
Table 2 Definition of verbal forms
Term Definition
shall verbal form used to indicate requirements strictly to be followed in order to conform to the document
should verbal form used to indicate that among several possibilities one is recommended as particularly
suitable, without mentioning or excluding others
may verbal form used to indicate a course of action permissible within the limits of the document
1.6.2 Definition of terms
The terms defined in Table 3 are used in this document.
Table 3 Definition of terms
Term Definition
accidental limit state limit where the structure no longer resists accidental loads and maintain structural integrity due
to local damage
cylindrical unit unit with circular shape
The unit is typically dynamic positioned, or permanently moored at one location using a spread
mooring system.
design life defined period the unit is designed to operate
design temperature reference temperature in air for assessing areas where the unit can be transported, installed
and operated
drilling unit unit used for drilling in connection with exploration and/or exploitation of oil and gas
The unit is generally operating on the same location for a limited period of time and is normally
equipped with dynamic positioning system with several thrusters.
design fatigue life design life × design fatigue factor (DFF)
fatigue limit state limit where the structure not longer satisfy the requirement related to damage from cyclic
loading
floating liquid natural unit for processing hydrocarbons and refrigerate gas to produce liquefied gas, storage and
gas offloading
The unit is typically permanently moored, and equipped with a side by side offloading system.
floating storage and unit used for storage of oil with arrangement for offloading to a shuttle tanker
offloading unit The unit is typically permanently moored at one location using a turret or spread mooring
system.
floating production, unit used for production and storage of crude oil, with arrangement for offloading to a shuttle
storage and offloading tanker
unit The unit is typically permanently moored at one location using a turret or spread mooring
system.
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Term Definition
Chapter 1 Section 1
serviceability limit state limit where the structure no longer satisfy the criteria related to normal use or durability
Society DNV AS and its affiliates carrying out classification and statutory certification.
temporary mooring anchoring in sheltered waters or harbours exposed to moderate environmental loads
turret device providing a connection point between the unit and the combined riser- and mooring-
systems, allowing the unit to freely rotate (weather vane) without twisting the risers and
mooring lines
ultimate limit state limit related to the maximum load carrying resistance of the structure
1.6.3 Symbols
Unless otherwise specified, the symbols listed in Table 4, Table 5, Table 6 and Table 7 and their unit are used
in this standard. General symbols applicable for all ships are given in DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.1 Sec.4 [2].
Table 4 Primary symbols
L rule length as defined in DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.1 Sec.4 m
LPP length between perpendiculars m
Table 5 Symbols for material
Table 6 Symbols for loads
φ pitch angle deg
θ roll angle deg
2
aX envelope longitudinal acceleration m/s
2
asurge-uls/fls longitudinal acceleration due to surge motion related to ULS or FLS m/s
2
aY envelope transverse acceleration m/s
2
asway-uls/fls transverse accelerations due to sway motion related to ULS or FLS m/s
2
aZ envelope vertical acceleration m/s
2
aheave-uls/fls vertical acceleration due to heave motion related to ULS or FLS m/s
2
apitch-uls/fls pitch accelerations related to ULS or FLS rad/s
2
aroll-uls/fls roll accelerations related to ULS or FLS rad/s
Hs significant wave height m
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Symbol Definition Units
Chapter 1 Section 1
Mwh horizontal rule wave bending moment according to DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.4 Sec.4 [3.1] KNm
Qwv vertical rule wave shear force according to DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.4 Sec.4 [3.2] KN
Table 7 Symbols for scantlings
t net required thickness mm
tc corrosion addition mm
tgr gross thickness mm
tres reserve thickness mm
3
Z hull section modulus m
1.6.4 Abbreviations
The abbreviations described in Table 8 are used in this document.
Table 8 Abbreviations
Abbreviation Description
ALS accidental limit state
AP after perpendicular
CL centreline
COG centre of gravity
DFF design fatigue factor
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Abbreviation Description
Chapter 1 Section 1
DP dynamic positioning
EDW equivalent design wave
FE finite element
FLNG floating liquid natural gas
FLS fatigue limit state
FP fore perpendicular
FPSO floating production, storage and offloading unit
FSO floating storage and offloading unit
GM meta-centric height
KL keel line
KB vertical centre of buoyancy
LC loading condition
LCB longitudinal centre of buoyancy
LMDAT lowest mean daily average temperature in air
MBL minimum breaking load
MPM most probably maximum
MT magnetic particle testing, see DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.2 Ch.4 Sec.7
NDT non-destructive testing, see DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.2 Ch.4 Sec.7
PSM primary supporting member
PT penetrant testing, see DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.2 Ch.4 Sec.7
RT radiographic testing, see DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.2 Ch.4 Sec.7
SCF stress concentration factor
SLS serviceability limit state
ULS ultimate limit state
UT ultrasonic testing, see DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.2 Ch.4 Sec.7
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CHAPTER 2 TECHNICAL PROVISIONS
Chapter 2 Section 1
SECTION 1 DESIGN PRINCIPLES
1 General
1.1 Limit state design
1.1.1 The standard is based on the principles of limit state design. Limit state design is a systematic
approach where each structural element is evaluated with respect to possible failure modes related to
relevant design load scenarios. For each retained failure mode, one or more limit states may be relevant. By
consideration all relevant limit states, the limit load of structural elements are the limit load considering all
relevant limit states.
1.1.2 The limit states are divided into the four categories:
- serviceability limit states (SLS)
- ultimate limit states (ULS)
- fatigue limit states (FLS)
- accidental limit states (ALS).
Guidance note:
Requirements related to SLS condition are not given in this standard as stated in Ch.1 Sec.1 [1.3.1]. However, for high or slender
structures like high crane pedestals, boom rest structure, etc. deflections should be considered.
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1.2 Design methods
1.2.1 Working stress design method
In the working stress design (WSD) method, also known as the allowable stress method, the target safety
level is achieved by comparing the calculated design loads (W) with the characteristic structural capacity (R),
including a permissible utilization factor (η) as following:
W ≤ η ∙R
The calculated response (W) contains static and dynamic loads as found applicable, and (R) represents the
limit states defined in [1.1.2].
The η factor is based on actual design load scenario and criteria considered.
WSD method is used as the design method in this standard.
1.2.2 Partial safety factor (load and resistance factor design) method
In the partial safety factor (PSF) method, also known as load and resistance factor design method (LRFD),
the target safety level is obtained by applying the load with a load factor, together with a material factor.
The design load (W) is found by multiply the permanent static loads (Wstat) and dynamic loads (Wdyn), with
given partial load factors (γ). The design load (W) is then compared with the characteristic structural capacity
(R), including a material factor (γR).
γstat ∙Wstat + γdyn ∙Wdyn ≤ R/γR
The PSF design method is only used for the hull girder ultimate strength control as described in Sec.3 [2.3].
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2 Design conditions
Chapter 2 Section 1
2.1 General
2.1.1 The following design conditions shall be considered:
— transit condition
— operating condition
— survival condition
— inspection and maintenance condition
— single transit to location
— accidental condition.
2.2 Transit condition
2.2.1 Unrestricted transit
Unrestricted transit is defined as a condition when the unit moves, using own propulsion, between any
geographical location, except in polar areas. Design loads shall be based on prescriptive rule loads given in
-8
DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.4. Prescriptive rule loads are given at a probability level of 10 , which corresponds to
-4
25-years response level. However, for sloshing loads a 10 probability level is used, see DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3
Ch.1 Sec.2 [5.3.2].
Topside accelerations may alternatively be based on direct analysis according to the principles in Sec.2 [3.9].
2.2.2 Restricted transit
Restricted transit is defined as a condition when the unit using own propulsion is limited to move within
specific geographical locations. Design loads shall be based on site specific information (scatter diagrams)
used for transit, according to the principles given in Sec.2 [3.9]. The 10-year response level may be applied.
Guidance note:
Limitations related to restricted transit will be listed in the appendix to class certificate.
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2.3 Operating condition
Operating condition is defined as a condition where the unit is operating at location for the purpose the unit
is built for (e.g. drilling). The unit will normally have limitations of how it can operate when at location(s).
There will typically be a maximum sea state (Hs) to which the unit has to suspend normal operations,
as motions or forces exceed the operational design limits. The maximum design sea state (Hs) for the
operational condition shall reflect a minimum 1-year response level. See Sec.2 [3.9] for direct calculation of
loads.
Relevant combination of environmental wave and wind loads, and operational loads, shall be considered
as applicable. Operational limitations shall be clearly specified in the design basis documentation, see Ch.3
Sec.1 [1.4].
2.4 Survival condition
2.4.1 Survival condition is defined as the condition for the most severe environmental loads the unit is
exposed to at location, and is related to the 100-year response level. The survival condition shall be based
on direct calculations as described in Sec.2 [3.9]. The location may be site specific, or world wide. For units
intended to operate in benign waters, the prescriptive rule loads may alternatively be used.
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Guidance note:
Chapter 2 Section 1
Benign waters are defined as environmental areas where the unit's 100-year vertical linear wave bending moment, excluding non-
linear effect, at the midship section Mwv-Dir is less than the rule wave bending moment Mwv, i.e when:
Mwv-Dir < Mwv
The criteria is normally satisfied when the significant 100-year wave height Hs-100 year at location is less than 8.0 m - 10.0 m,
depending on the unit's length Lpp.
Table 1 Benign waters criteria
100 ≤ Lpp ≤ 200 m Lpp > 200 m
Hs-100 year ≤ 8.0 m Hs-100 year ≤ 10.0 m
Harsh environments are defined as environmental areas where the unit's 100-year vertical linear wave bending moment at the
midship section Mwv-Dir, excluding non-linear effect, is greater than the rule wave bending moment Mwv, i.e when:
Mwv-Dir > Mwv
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2.4.2 For units designed to leave location in case of an extreme weather condition (e.g. forewarned
hurricanes, icebergs, etc.), a system/procedure for disconnection and re-connection shall be prepared. The
design loads should normally not be taken lower than the prescriptive rule loads defined in [2.2.1], but the
principles in [2.2.2] may be applied if properly documented.
The disconnection criteria for leaving location and seek of port or sheltered waters in case of extreme
weather condition shall be agreed and accepted by all parties in the project, and specified in the design basis
documentation, see Ch.3 Sec.1 [1.4].
2.5 Inspection and maintenance conditions
Due to small dynamic loads, inspection and maintenance conditions are defined as static conditions. These
conditions are normally carried out in connection with special tank fillings configurations defined by the
project, in sheltered waters or in restricted weather condition, as applicable.
It is assumed that the significant wave height of 2 metres is used as a limit for inspection or maintenance.
In case inspection and maintenance are planed to be carried out in a sea state above 2 metres, the dynamic
loads shall be applied, and these conditions shall be checked for the design load criteria 'static + dynamic'
similar to the survival condition.
2.6 Single transit to location
Single transit to location is defined as a single voyage within a defined towing/transit route, typically from the
shipyard to a specific location where the unit shall operate. The hull structural requirements may be based on
1-year response level for the actual towing/transit route.
For the single transit to location the cargo tanks are assumed empty. A specified ballast condition may be
considered, as applicable.
Guidance note:
Single transit to location is defined to have short duration (normally within 30 days). For units wet towed, the towing execution
itself is not covered in the standard class scope, but is normally covered by the requirement of Marine Warranty.
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2.7 Accidental condition
2.7.1 Accidental condition are events caused by abnormal operation or technical failure. The relevant
accidental loads depend on the unit's function, arrangements, operational procedures, safety systems, etc.
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The accidental loads shall normally be based on a risk assessment study. Generic design accidental loads
Chapter 2 Section 1
are specified in DNV-OS-A101. Unit specific loads shall be considered when relevant, e.g. for non-standard
designs or applications.
Environmental events applicable for the hull structure are covered by the conditions given in [2.2] to [2.6].
For units moored at hurricane exposed areas or in ice exposed/polar areas, extreme environmental events
shall be considered.
Dropped objects are applicable in areas where a potential object may lead to critical failure or damage to the
unit's process or safety systems. Safety critical equipment shall be protected from dropped objects, and the
protecting structure shall resist the actual impact energy.
Guidance note:
Statutory authorities may have requirements in excess of the design accidental loads and safety principles given in DNV-OS-A101.
Collision with supply boat is normally not considered governing for the structural integrity as long as the unit complies with
damage stability requirements from national or international bodies.
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2.7.2 For accidental events found applicable for the unit, the acceptance criteria for FE-analyses yield control
(DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.7) and buckling (DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.8) shall be based on criteria AC-III defined
in DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.1 Sec.2 [5.4]. All relevant failure modes (e.g. strain rate, local buckling, joint
overloading) shall be considered.
Non-linear FE analyses may be applied for the strength calculations. Local overloading of the structure is
acceptable, provided redistribution of forces is possible.
3 Design conditions and design load scenarios
The design conditions and design load scenarios, as applicable for the unit, shall be considered as given in
Table 2.
Table 2 Design conditions and design load scenarios
Design load Acceptance
Limit state Design load scenario Load type 1)
condition criteria
Load scenario 1: static
Load scenario 2: normal operation - transit seagoing or site specific
operation
Load scenario 3: flow through ballast water exchange
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ULS Transit or Static + dynamic Static and dynamic loads from transit condition AC-II
Chapter 2 Section 1
3)
survival or survival condition, as applicable.
Load scenario 4: overfilling of ballast water tanks and testing
Load scenario 5: flooding
2)
ALS Accidental Maximum loads on watertight bulkheads. AC-III
Load scenario 6: special operations stillwater
Load scenario 7: special operations
1) See DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.1 Sec.2 [5.4] for applicable acceptance criteria.
2) For collision bulkhead, acceptance criteria AC-I shall be used.
3) Transit or site specific condition, as governing.
4 Arrangements
4.1 General
4.1.1 The requirements to arrangements of bulkheads and compartments shall follow the requirements given
in DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.2 Sec.2 and DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.2 Sec.3, unless otherwise is specific agreed by
the class.
4.1.2 The overall principles are based on the following:
— Safety of the structure can be demonstrated by addressing the potential structural failure mode(s) when
the unit is subjected to loads scenarios encountered during transit, operation and in harbour.
— Structural requirements are based on a consistent set of loads that represent typical worst possible
loading scenarios.
— The unit has inherent redundancy. The unit’s structure works in a hierarchical manner and as such, failure
of structural elements lower down in the hierarchy should not result in immediate consequential failure of
elements higher up in the hierarchy.
— Structural continuity is ensured. The hull structure should have uniform ductility.
4.2 Access arrangements
4.2.1 Permanent means of access (PMA) is related to means of safe access for service and periodic surveys,
in order to ensure that the unit is maintained within applicable requirements throughout its operational life.
4.2.2 The requirements for access arrangement are given in DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.2 Sec.4.
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Guidance note:
Chapter 2 Section 1
Relevant parts of the PMA requirements should be embedded in the early design phase, considering:
— Access arrangement and structural arrangement of stairs, ladders, platforms and handrails.
— Number of openings, accessibility, types, sizes and positions related to fatigue sensitive areas.
— Location of horizontal stiffeners, girders and stringers such that they may be used as access platforms.
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4.2.3 All spaces shall be accessible for easy inspection, see DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.2 Sec.4 [2].
Guidance note:
PMA requirements are also specified in SOLAS Regulation II-1/3-6 for oil tankers and bulk carriers, and in the MODU code Ch.2
[2.2], and are applicable for the unit as required by the flag. An access manual plan showing the means of access for the unit
should normally be prepared, see Ch.3 Sec.1 [1.4].
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4.3 Structural arrangements and detail design
4.3.1 The requirements to structural arrangements shall follow DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.3 Sec.5.
4.3.2 The requirements to detail design including requirements for openings, drain holes and scallops are
given in DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.3 Sec.6.
The requirements to structural idealization of members are given in DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.3 Sec.7.
4.3.3 Documentation using direct strength calculation as alternative to the strength requirements given in
DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.3 Sec.5, DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.3 Sec.6 and DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.3 Sec.7 may be
accepted, using the criteria given in Sec.3.
5 Material selection and inspection principles
5.1 General
5.1.1 This subsection describes the application of structural materials and inspection principles to be applied
for hull structure including superstructure and deckhouses.
5.1.2 Requirements to fabrication, testing, qualification of welders, welding procedures etc. are covered in
DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.2 Ch.4.
5.1.3 Topside structure contributing to the hull global strength of the unit, typically drillfloor structure, shall
follow the requirements in this subsection. Otherwise, topside structure is covered in Sec.6.
Guidance note:
Material for topside structure may be selected according to e.g. DNV-OS-E101 for drilling plant, and DNV-OS-E201 for topside
processing system.
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5.1.4 The materials shall be suitable for their intended purpose and have adequate properties in all relevant
design conditions.
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Chapter 2 Section 1
5.2 Design temperature
5.2.1 Design temperature is the lowest mean daily average temperature in air (LMDAT), and is the reference
temperature for the area where the unit may be transported, installed or operated. For seasonal restricted
operations, LMDAT for actual season may be applied.
5.2.2 For design temperature (LMDAT) above and including -10°C, the material grade shall be selected
according to the DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.3 Sec.1, see also DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.1 Sec.2 [3.5.4].
5.2.3 For design temperatures (LMDAT) below (colder) than -10°C, the requirements to material class are
given in DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.6 Ch.6 Sec.6.
Guidance note:
Design temperature below -10°C is mainly applicable for units operating in polar regions. The external structure below lowest
ballast waterline, permanently heated areas, oil storage tanks, and internal structure 0.6 m from shell plating are normally
assumed to be exposed to temperatures above -10°C and selection of materials in these areas may follow DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.3
Sec.1.
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5.2.4 Structure in areas where the temperature is locally reduced, e.g. by localised cryogenic or other
cooling conditions, shall be specially considered using the actual local temperature.
5.3 Material class and grades
5.3.1 Material class and grades are defined for different structural strength members based on the capability
to resist brittle fracture failure by improved mechanical properties. Hull strength member category with
corresponding material class and grades are given DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.3 Sec.1 [2] and shall be complied.
5.3.2 Additional offshore specific strength member category with corresponding material class are given in
Table 3, and shall follow the material grade requirements given in DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.3 Sec.1 Table 9.
Structural members not listed in Table 3 shall be specially considered, and selection of material grade shall be
based on the consequence of brittle fracture failure.
Guidance note:
The members listed in Table 3 cover structural elements that are part of the main structure class scope.
For guidance on use of equivalent materials for attachment of outfitting steel, see Ch.3 Sec.1 [1.5.3].
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Table 3 Material classes applicable for offshore specific members
Material
Structural member Material class
category
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Material
Structural member Material class
Chapter 2 Section 1
category
Area for the support structures should as a minimum extend 0.5 m surrounding the connection, but it may be required to
be extended, based on girder arrangement or stress level.
5.4 Through thickness properties
5.4.1 In structural cross-joints of tee or cruciform weld connections where the plate material is subjected
to tensile stress in a direction perpendicular to the rolled surfaces, consideration shall be given to the use of
material with specified through thickness properties, in accordance with DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.2. These materials
shall be designated on the plans submitted for approval with the required material grade followed by the
letter Z (e.g. NV E36Z).
5.4.2 Z-quality material is typically required for critical intersections and complex joints of heavy supporting
structure such as, but not limit to, drillfloors, turret support, flare towers, fairleads and crane pedestal. For
non-critical and non-complex connections, the requirement to Z-quality material may be waived provided the
stress level is less than 50% of the yield stress of the member exposed to laminar tensile stress.
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Guidance note:
Chapter 2 Section 1
Quality class Z25 is general accepted. Where required, the Z-quality material should extend approximately 500 mm each side of
the cross-joint, see crane pedestal example in Figure 1.
Figure 1 Crane pedestal through thickness properties extension area
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5.5 Inspection principles
The requirements to fabrication and testing are given in DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.2 Ch.4. Requirements to non-
destructive testing (NDT) are given in Table 4, and are based on the principles given in DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.2
Ch.4 Sec.7. For members not listed in Table 4, the NDT requirements given in DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.2 Ch.4 Sec.7
prevail.
Inspection categories specified in Table 4 provide requirements for the minimum extent of required
inspection. Complex connections with limited or difficult fabrication access shall be considered with respect to
non-destructive testing methods and its abilities of the methods to detect defects likely to occur. Such areas
shall be inspected during fabrication according to inspection category I and shall be readily shown on the
inspection category plan, see Ch.3 Sec.1 [1.4].
Welds in areas not accessible or not planned to be inspected in service, shall follow the NDT requirements for
the inspection category I.
All welds are generally subject to 100% visual inspection by the builder's qualified personal and shall be
accepted before NDT is applied.
The weld connection between members of different category shall be assigned the NDT extent according to
the strictest category.
Guidance note:
— The NDT scope should focus of fatigue critical details (calculated fatigue damage > 0.5), where welding assembly may be
challenging (block joints), and welds performed using specific required welding methods.
— Newbuilding of storage and/or production units operating at harsh environment area, see [2.4.2], will be assessed the
additional class notation FAB. See Ch.3 Sec.1 [2.3] for details.
— DNV-OS-C401 or other international standards (e.g. NORSOK) may be accepted as alternative standards, but should be
accepted by all involved parties in the project (typically owner/operator, yard and the Society).
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Table 4 NDT scope for hull and offshore interface structure
Chapter 2 Section 1
1)
Inspection Test method
Inspection member Weld connection
category MT/PT RT/UT
II — sheer strake at strength deck within 0.4 L amidship Butt and T-joints, full pen. 5% 5%
— stringer plate in strength deck within 0.4 L amidship T-joints, partly pen. 5% -
— deck strake at longitudinal bulkhead within 0.4 L amidship Fillet welds. - -
— bilge strake within 0.6 L amidship
— watertight transverse bulkhead connections to hull
longitudinal main members, typically sheer strake,
girders, stringers, bilge strake, minimum 500 mm of
lower and uppermost part of longitudinal bulkheads at the
intersections, within 0.4 L amidship.
— side shell longitudinal connections to transverse frames and
bulkheads in a region of 0.05 × D above full load draft to
0.05 × D below ballast draught, within 0.8 L amidship.
— shipboard crane pedestal
— hull structure support of equipment where the operational
weight > 10 ton
— main structures in drillfloor
— main supporting structures (substructure) for helideck
pancake
— mating ring for STL/STP structure
— riser balcony and pull in structure
— shipboard crane pedestal supports
— offshore crane pedestal (for vertical welds the extent may
be reduced to 50%)
— hull support structures of heavy machinery and equipment
typically: thrusters, gantry and rails, winches, davits,
towing brackets, hawser winch, etc.
— davits and support of appliances for lifesaving equipments
— topside support stools and main supporting structures
— bulkhead intersections to strength deck plate, bottom
plate, lower and uppermost part of longitudinal bulkheads,
covering minimum 1000 mm of welds to deck plate
and minimum 500 mm of lower and uppermost part of
longitudinal bulkheads.
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I — areas where the likelihood of occurrence of detrimental Butt and T-joints, full pen. 20% 20%
Chapter 2 Section 1
2)
defects are considered to be extra high T-joints, partly pen. 20% -
— hopper knuckle weld connections of transverse frames Fillet welds. 20% -
— moonpool deck and bottom plates. 500 mm of welds
stating/ending in moonpool opening, measured from
end/starting point. For rectangular moonpool, the corner
strengthening plates weld connections shall also be
considered.
— foundations and main supporting structures for offshore
crane pedestals
— foundations and main supporting structures for flare tower,
anchor line fairleads and chain stoppers, riser fairleads
— main supporting structures for turret
— supporting structures for derrick and drillfloor
— bilge keel longitudinal terminations, and support brackets
welded to hull plate, see figures inSec.5 [8.2]
1) See DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.2 Ch.4 Sec.7 for specifications.
2) Welds produced by yards with limit experience of required welding method, or welds produced by high heat input (>
50 KJ/cm).
6 Net scantling and corrosion protection
6.1 Net scantling approach
6.1.1 The net scantling approach follow the principles in DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.3 Sec.2, using corrosion
additions as given in DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.3 Sec.3.
Guidance note:
The corrosion addition given in DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.3 Sec.3 accounts for corrosion that is likely to occur during the unit's basic
design life time of 25 years. For projects where the design life is more than 25 years, additional corrosion margin should be
considered, but is not required by the Society.
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Gross scantling: tgr = t + tc
where:
t = net required thickness in mm
tc = tc1 +tc2 + tres
tc1,tc2 = corrosion addition in mm, for each side, depending on actual compartment type
tres = 0.5 mm and is a minimum value independent on the compartment type.
6.1.2 Depending on the structural assessment, the corrosion addition, tc, shall be considered as specified in
Table 5.
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Table 5 Corrosion addition to be applied for structural assessments
Chapter 2 Section 1
Corrosion
Structural requirements Analysis type Reference
addition part of tc
Sectional properties Sec.3 [3.1] 0
Proportions of web and flange, buckling Sec.3 [3.1] tc
capacity
Cargo hold/midship FE model Sec.3 [4.3] 0
Buckling control Sec.3 [3.2] tc
Local fine mesh model Sec.3 [4.4] 0
Buckling control Sec.3 [2.2] tc
FE stress analysis (hot spot stress analysis) Sec.4 [1.2] 0
Full stochastic analysis Sec.4 [1.2] 0
6.2 Corrosion additions
6.2.1 The requirement to corrosion addition (tc1, tc2) for one side of structural member is given in DNV-RU-
SHIP Pt.3 Ch.3 Sec.3.
6.2.2 Project specific corrosion margin based on information of the tank content properties (sourness), may
be used, provided documented.
6.2.3 Moonpool shell plating follow the corrosion addition as for the side shell.
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Chapter 2 Section 1
6.3 Corrosion protection
Corrosion protection shall be according to DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.3 Sec.4.
For production and storage units, see Sec.7 [4], the requirements for mounting of sacrificial anodes in DNV-
RU-SHIP Pt.5 Ch.5 Sec.3 [9.3] apply.
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SECTION 2 DESIGN LOADS
Chapter 2 Section 2
1 General
1.1 Application
1.1.1 General
This section provides the design loads for strength and fatigue assessments. The concept of design load
scenarios as described in [4] are used to specify consistent design load sets, which cover the appropriate
operating modes of the unit in question.
1.1.2 Equivalent design wave
The dynamic loads associated with each dynamic load case are based on the equivalent design wave (EDW)
concept, and is a consistent set of dynamic loads to the unit such that the specified dominant load response
is equivalent to the required long term response value.
1.1.3 Dynamic load cases and load combination factors
All dynamic load components for each dynamic load case are applied as simultaneously, using the load
combination factors for strength and fatigue assessment as given in DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.4 Sec.2.
Figure 1 Dynamic load cases for strength and fatigue assessment
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Chapter 2 Section 2
1.1.4 Specific loads for offshore units
Units operating at harsh environment areas shall be based on direct site specific loads, while units operating
at benign waters may follow the prescriptive rule based loads as given in DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.4. Direct
calculated loads shall be according to the principles given in [3.2].
2 Static loads
2.1 General
2.1.1 The still water loads consists of the permanent and variable functional loads.
Permanent functional loads includes:
— Mass of the steel of the unit including permanently installed modules and equipment, such as
accommodation, helicopter deck, cranes, drilling equipment, flare and production equipment.
— Mass of mooring lines and risers.
Variable functional loads are loads that may vary in magnitude, position and direction for different design
conditions, typically:
— hydrostatic pressures resulting from buoyancy
— crude oil, fuel oil and ballast water
— mud, brine and drill water
— consumables and personnel
— general cargo
— riser tension and mooring forces.
2.1.2 The variable functional loads utilised in structural design shall normally be taken as either the lower or
upper design value, whichever gives the most unfavourable effect.
2.2 Still water hull girder loads
2.2.1 All relevant still water load conditions shall be defined and permissible limit curves for hull girder
bending moments and shear forces shall be established. Different permissible limit curves for different design
conditions may be applied, but for practical purpose the set of limit curves should be minimised.
2.2.2 The permissible limits for hull girder stillwater bending moments and hull girder still water shear forces
shall be specified, at least at each transverse bulkhead position. The limit curves shall be reflected in the
unit's loading manual. Limits for both stillwater sagging and hogging moments, together with positive and
negative stillwater shear forces shall be included.
Guidance note:
Preliminary stillwater hull girder loads values and distribution should be based on the preliminary loading manual. The stillwater
distribution given in DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.4 Sec.4 [2] may alternatively be used, if a preliminary loading manual not is available.
An extra margin of 5% -10% for uncertainly of mass distribution and possible additional loading conditions should then be
considered.
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2.2.3 For units permanently moored with a turret system, the static pre-tension loads in the mooring lines
and weight from risers shall be considered.
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Chapter 2 Section 2
2.3 Hydrostatic sea pressure and tank pressure
2.3.1 Hydrostatic sea pressure shall be based on actual draft as specified in DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.4 Sec.5
[1.2].
2.3.2 Static pressure due to liquid in the tanks includes requirements for overfilling, tank testing and flooding
based on tank filling height and density of the liquid, and shall be based on DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.4 Sec.6
[1.2].
3 Dynamic loads
3.1 Introduction
Environmental loads that shall be considered are:
— wave induced loads
— wind loads
— current loads, on mooring system and risers, see DNV-OS-E301
— snow and ice loads, when relevant
— green sea on deck
— sloshing in tanks
— slamming and bow impact loads.
3.2 Dynamic loads related to design conditions
3.2.1 Dynamic global and local loads for different design conditions for strength assessment (ULS) are given
in Table 1. All relevant design conditions shall be checked.
Table 1 Dynamic loads for different design conditions for strength assessment (ULS)
Design condition
Transit Offshore condition at site
Design load
Survival
2)
Unrestricted Restricted Operation
Harsh Benign
DNV-RU-SHIP
Inertia loads DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.4
Pt.3 Ch.4 Sec.3,
from motion and Table 3 Table 3 Sec.3, or according to
or according
accelerations 1) Table 3
to Table 3
Wave bending DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3
DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3
moments and shear Table 4 Table 4 Ch.4 Sec.4 [3], or
Ch.4 Sec.4 [3]
force according to Table 4
DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.4
External sea DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3
Table 5 Sec.5 [1.3], or according
pressure Ch.4 Sec.5 [1.3]
to Table 5
Green sea pressure [3.5.2]
Slamming and bow
[3.5.3]
impact pressure
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Design condition
Chapter 2 Section 2
Transit Offshore condition at site
Design load
Survival
2)
Unrestricted Restricted Operation
Harsh Benign
Dynamic tank
[3.6.1]
pressure
Tank sloshing and
[3.6.2]
liquid impact
1) Directly calculated values may be applied.
2) For single transit to location, see Sec.1 [2.6].
3.2.2 Dynamic global and local loads for different design conditions for fatigue assessment (FLS) are given in
Table 2. All relevant design conditions shall be checked. The calculation methods for fatigue are described in
Sec.4 [1.2].
Table 2 Dynamic loads for fatigue assessment (FLS)
2)
Design condition
DNV-RU-SHIP
DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.4
Motion and Pt.3 Ch.4 Sec.3,
Table 3 Table 3 Sec.3, or according to
accelerations or according
1) Table 3
to Table 3
Wave bending DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.4
DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3
moments and shear Table 4 Table 4 Sec.4 [3], or according to
Ch.4 Sec.4 [3]
force Table 4
DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.4
DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3
External sea pressure Table 5 Table 5 Sec.5 [1.4], or according
Ch.4 Sec.5 [1.4]
to Table 5
Dynamic tank pressure [3.6.1]
1) Directly calculated values may be applied.
2) See Sec.7 for fatigue contribution in transit and operation for the different unit types.
3.3 Ship motion and accelerations
3.3.1 When direct calculated values are requested as specified in [3.2], the principles given in [3.9] shall be
applied.
Both loaded and ballast conditions for the relevant design conditions shall be considered. The direct
calculated values of motion and accelerations shall be calculated at the unit's centre of gravity, see DNV-RU-
SHIP Pt.3 Ch.4 Sec.3 [2.2].
For intermediate drafts used in the load combinations for FE analyses defined in Sec.7, interpolation of
acceleration values between full load and ballast condition may be applied.
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Table 3 Accelerations and motion angles for direct load assessment
Chapter 2 Section 2
Load component Description
2
asurge-uls/fls longitudinal acceleration due to surge motion in m/s
2
asway-uls/fls transverse accelerations due to sway motion in m/s
2
aheave-uls/fls vertical acceleration due to heave motion in m/s
2
apitch-uls/fls pitch accelerations in rad/s
φuls/fls pitch angle in degree
2
aroll-uls/fls roll accelerations in rad/s
θuls/fls roll angle in degree
3.4 Dynamic hull girder loads
3.4.1 When direct calculated values are requested as specified in [3.2], the principles given in [3.9] shall be
applied. The prescriptive rule values shall be replaced or adjusted based on direct load calculations as given
in Table 4, and are applicable at any longitudinal position for loaded and ballast conditions.
Table 4 Dynamic hull girder loads for direct load assessment
Mwv = Vertical rule wave bending moment for sagging and hogging condition, for strength and
fatigue assessment as defined in DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.4 Sec.4 [3.1].
Mwv-Dir-uls = Direct calculated characteristic vertical wave bending moment for loaded (sagging) and
ballast (hogging) according to [3.9.2], considering non-linear effects given in [3.9.3], as
applicable.
Mwv-Dir-fls = Direct calculated linear vertical wave bending moment for fatigue assessment based on
[3.9.4].
Qwv-Dir-uls = Direct calculated characteristic vertical wave shear force according to [3.9.2], considering
non-linear effects given in [3.9.3], as applicable.
Qwv = Vertical rule wave shear force for sagging and hogging condition for strength and fatigue
assessment as defined in DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.4 Sec.4 [3.2].
Qwv-Dir-fls = Direct calculated vertical wave shear force for fatigue assessment based on [3.9.4].
Mwh* fwv-uls/fls = Horizontal wave bending moment for sagging and hogging condition for strength and
fatigue assessment. Need not to be taken larger than rule values defined in DNV-RU-SHIP
Pt.3 Ch.4 Sec.4 [3.3].
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Mwt * fwv-uls/fls = Torsional wave moment for strength and fatigue assessment. Need not to be taken larger
Chapter 2 Section 2
than rule values defined in DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.4 Sec.4 [3.4].
fwv-uls = Coefficient for strength assessment.
fwv-fls = Coefficient for fatigue assessment.
3.4.2 For units operating in harsh environment areas, see Sec.1 [5.5], the dynamic hull girder loads shall not
be less than the prescriptive ship rule values for Mwv and Qwv given in DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.4 Sec.4 [3].
For units operating in benign waters, see Sec.1 [2.4.1], with restricted transit, see Sec.1 [2.2.2], the
dynamic hull girder loads shall not be less than 50% of the prescriptive ship rule values for Mwv and Qwv, i.e.
rule fr factor of 0.5.
3.5 External dynamic pressure
3.5.1 Sea pressure
When direct calculated values are requested as specified in [3.2], the dynamic external sea pressure shall
be calculated at the midship waterline according to the principles given in [3.9] for the loaded and ballast
conditions. The prescriptive rule sea pressure shall be replaced and adjusted based on the direct values when
requested as given in Table 5.
Table 5 Dynamic sea pressure for direct load assessment
Coefficient for strength assessment based on relation between direct
calculated wave pressure for strength assessment and rule wave
fP-uls = pressure for the beam sea scenario at the actual waterline.
For units operating in harsh environment areas, see Sec.1 [2.4.1], fP-
uls shall not be taken less than 1.0.
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Coefficient for fatigue assessment based on relation between direct
Chapter 2 Section 2
wave pressure for fatigue assessment, and rule wave pressure for the
fP-fls = beam sea scenario at the actual waterline.
For units operating in harsh environment areas, see Sec.1 [2.4.1], fP-
fls shall not be taken less than 1.0.
Direct calculated dynamic sea pressure in water line at midship according to [3.9.2] for
full load and ballast condition, as applicable.
PDir-WL-uls = For intermediate drafts used in the load combinations for FE analyses defined in Sec.7,
dynamic sea pressure may be based on interpolation between full load and ballast
condition.
Direct calculated dynamic sea pressure in water line at midship according to [3.9.4] for
full load and ballast condition, as applicable.
PDir-WL-fls = For intermediate drafts used in the load combinations for FE analyses defined in Sec.7,
dynamic sea pressure may be based on interpolation between full load and ballast
condition.
Rule wave pressure for maximum sea pressure in waterline at midship given in DNV-RU-
PW-BSP =
SHIP Pt.3 Ch.4 Sec.5 [1.3.6] for the actual draught considered.
Rule wave pressure given in DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.4 Sec.5 [1.3] and DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3
PW =
Ch.4 Sec.5 [1.4].
Figure 2 Typical dynamic sea pressure distribution rule and direct values for HSM, HSA and FSM
3.5.2 Green sea pressure
Green sea is a solid body of water from waves breaking over the bow or bulwark in severe wave conditions.
The forward part of the deck and areas aft of midship will be particularly exposed to green sea. Green sea
pressure is considered as a local load. The green sea pressure load of exposed decks shall be according to
DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.4 Sec.5 [2.2]. For production and storage units, see specific requirement given in
Sec.7 [4.2]. The green sea pressure shall be considered for topside structure, see Sec.6 [4.1.3].
Reduction of green sea pressure due to shadow effects from green water protection panels, wave breakers,
or other structure is not accepted for the hull scantling control. For topside structure and equipment,
reduction of the green sea pressure from protection arrangement are accepted, provided that the pressure
reduction effect from the protection arrangement are adequately documented.
For units operating at benign waters, see Sec.1 [2.4.1], and with restricted transit, see Sec.1 [2.2.2],
the external pressure values PSI and PA given in DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.4 Sec.5 [3] for superstructure and
deckhouses, may be reduced with wave factors fSI-uls and fA-uls = fwv-uls.
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Guidance note:
Chapter 2 Section 2
Appropriate measures should be considered to avoid or minimise the green sea effects on the hull structure, accommodation,
deckhouses, topside modules and equipment. These measures include bow shape design, bow flare, bulwarks and other protective
structure. Adequate drainage arrangements shall be provided.
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3.5.3 Slamming and impact pressure
Slamming and impact pressure loads are considered as local loads, and shall be based on the prescriptive
rule pressure given in DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.10. For production and storage units, see specific requirement
given in Sec.7 [4.2].
For units operating in benign waters, see Sec.1 [2.4], with restricted transit, see Sec.1 [2.2.2], the pressure
values for bow impact given in DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.10 Sec.1 [2] and stern slamming as given in DNV-RU-
SHIP Pt.3 Ch.10 Sec.3 [2], may be reduced with wave factors ( fFB-uls and fSS-uls = fwv-uls).
The input to service speed V given in formulas in DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.10 Sec.1 shall be minimum 8 knots.
3.5.4 Pressure inside moonpool area
For circular moonpool openings, the dynamic sea pressure inside the moonpool opening shall be based on
the external dynamic sea pressure taken at the bottom centre of the moonpool. For rectangular moonpool
openings, the dynamic moonpool pressure shall be based on the sea pressure taken at the bottom centre
line at the longitudinal positions. The moonpool pressure shall be combined according with the load cases
specified in DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.4 Sec.5 [1.3].
Above the actual draught considered, a quasi-static assumption up to main deck level may be used for each
EDW load case, see Figure 3 below. Static sea pressure shall be according to [2.3.1].
Figure 3 Static and dynamic sea pressure inside moonpool structure
3.6 Internal dynamic pressures
3.6.1 Dynamic liquid pressures
Dynamic pressure due to liquid in the tanks shall be based on the principles given in DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.4
Sec.6 [1.3], using the accelerations as specified in [3.3].
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Chapter 2 Section 2
3.6.2 Sloshing and impact loads in tanks
Sloshing and impact pressure loads are local loads due to partly filled tanks. Factors relevant for the
occurrence of sloshing are:
— tank dimensions
— tank filling level
— structural arrangements inside the tank (wash bulkheads, web frames etc.)
— transverse and longitudinal metacentric height (GM)
— draught
— natural periods of unit and cargo in roll (transverse) and pitch (longitudinal) modes.
Sloshing and impact pressure loads shall be based on the prescriptive rule values given in DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3
Ch.10 Sec.4 [2].
3.7 Design density of fluids
3.7.1 The following minimum design density of fluids in tanks shall be used for the strength and fatigue
analyses, unless otherwise is agreed:
3
— liquid mud: 2.5 t/m
3
— brine: 2.2 t/m
3
— urea: 1.35 t/m
3
— ballast water: 1.025 t/m (seawater)
3
— glycol (MEG): 1.1 t/m
3
— drill water/fresh water/potable water/black water/drain: 1.0 t/m
3
— base oil/cargo oil/fuel oil/diesel oil: 0.9 t/m .
For global strength analyses, see Sec.3 [4.2], and global fatigue analyses, see Sec.4 [1.2.3], the actual
density of the fluid in the tanks as specified in the unit's trim and stability manual may be applied.
3.7.2 Higher design densities than given above shall be used if specified by the project, and shall be
specified on the tank plan drawing.
3.7.3 For tank testing design load scenario, see DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.4 Sec.7 [2], the density of seawater
3 3
1.025 t/m shall be used for all tanks with density lower than 1.025 t/m .
3.8 Wind loads
3.8.1 Wind loads are applicable for the topside and topside support structure. The mean wind speed over
1 minute period at actual position above the sea level shall be used as basis. The wind profiles are given in
2
DNV-RP-C205, but minimum wind pressure should not be less than 2.5 kN/m .
For slender member, e.g. helideck substructure and members in a flare tower structure, Vortex-Shedding
shall be considered according to the principles in DNV-RP-C205.
3.8.2 The following wind velocity for the design conditions shall be used, unless otherwise documented:
— Transit condition: v1min10m = 36 m/s (1 minute period at 10 m above sea level, corresponds to a
-8
probability level of 10 ).
— Operation conditions: site specific defined by the project, but v1min10m =36 m/s (1 minute period at 10 m
above sea level) will generally cover world wide operation.
— Survival condition: site specific.
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Guidance note:
Chapter 2 Section 2
For units intended for world wide operation (unrestricted service) winds speed of v1min10m = 51.5 m/s for the survival condition
(100 year) will cover most locations. Typical wind speed values for other locations are given in DNV-OS-E301 Ch.2 Sec.1 [2.3].
Correlation between different average time for the wind speed and elevation above sea level are as following:
Elevation above
Average time [sec]
sea level (z)
Wind spectra as defined in DNV-RP-C205 may alternatively be used.
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3.9 Direct calculation of wave load responses
3.9.1 When dynamic site specific load calculations are required as specified in [3.2], a direct wave load
analysis using three dimensional sink source (diffraction) formulation shall be performed.
The following effects shall be considered for the survival condition:
— for motion and acceleration response calculations, free surface effect (FSE) of tank liquids.
— for moored units, the contribution from dynamic riser and mooring loads shall be considered for the hull
girder response, i.e. vertical wave bending moments and vertical wave shear forces.
Guidance note:
Correction of FSE is mostly relevant for wide tanks (loaded cargo tanks), and may be accounted for in the wave load analyses by
using the corrected KG-values from the trim and stability calculation.
The contribution from the dynamic riser and mooring loads may be considered by including the dynamic restoring loads (force and
moment) from the mooring and riser loads at the turret position into the stability calculations as additional separate conditions.
The vertical bending moment and shear force distribution due to the riser and mooring loads from the stability calculations may
then be added to the characteristic wave load response from the hydrodynamic wave load analyses.
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3.9.2 Ultimate limit state
3.9.2.1 Direct calculations of wave load responses shall be based on a long term response analysis where
actual site specific scatter diagram is used, or a short term response analysis where defined sea states (Hs)
are specified. Further details are given in e.g. DNV-CG-0130.
Vertical wave bending moment and shear force ( Mwv-Dir , Qwv-Dir) shall be calculated at 20-25 positions
evenly distributed along the unit's length. All responses shall be calculated at the vertical centre of gravity
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(COG) for the section considered, except the dynamic sea pressure, where the response shall be calculated
Chapter 2 Section 2
at the waterline.
3.9.2.2 Long term response analysis
The basis for long term response analysis of hull strength assessments are given in Table 6.
Table 6 Design basis for linear long term response analysis - hull strength assessment (ULS)
Design condition
Transit Design conditions at site
Drillships and
Un-restricted Restricted Moored units (FPSOs)
Wave parameter well intervention
Survival
1)
Hull Topside Hull and topside Operation Survival Spread Turret
moored moored
Probability/annual of -8 6) 100-
- 10 10-year 1-year 9) 100-year
exceedance year
2) 2) 2)
Wave spectrum - PM PM Jonswap Jonswap
2 2 2 8)
Wave spreading - Cos Cos Cos /None
asurge-uls,
asway-uls, 60% in
Motion and aroll-uls, DNV- All headings 0° - 360°, head sea;
7) 30% in
accelerations aheave-uls, RU-SHIP equal probability
apitch-uls, Pt.3 Ch.4 All headings 0° - 360°, ± 15°
7)
φuls, θuls equal probability of head:
10% in
All headings 0° ± 30° of
Sea PW-Dir-WL- 7)
- - 360°, equal head
pressure uls 7)
probability
1) Optional when direct values of motion and accelerations for topside interface analyses are used, as substitute to the
accelerations given in the DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.4 Sec.3.
2) Other spectrum may be used if specified by the project, see e.g. DNV-RP-C205 for details.
3) For units intended for unrestricted service (world wide operation), North Atlantic scatter diagram shall be used.
4) Restriction for operation, typically a maximum significant wave height for a drilling operation, a stand-by condition,
etc. Restricted operation condition may be based on site specific scatter diagram, where all wave heights above the
restricted allowable wave height (Hs) are removed. The 1-year response level may be applied.
5) For restricted transit or single transit to location condition, see Sec.1 [2.6], actual scatter diagram for the restricted
transit areas shall be used.
6) For single transit to location condition, see Sec.1 [2.6], the 1-year condition is accepted.
7) Project specified heading profile may be applied, if documented.
2
8) No wave spreading for section loads calculation of Mvw and Qvw. Cos wave spreading for motion and accelerations,
and for sea pressure calculations.
9) For well intervention units that shall comply with the MODU code, 50-year condition may be applied.
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Chapter 2 Section 2
3.9.2.3 Short term response analysis
The basis for short term response analysis of hull strength assessments are given in Table 7. Significant wave
heights (Hs) with corresponding periods (T), normally according to the metocean contour line, should be
applied. The most probably maximum (MPM) value may be applied, unless otherwise specified in Table 7.
Table 7 Design basis for linear short term response analysis - hull strength assessment (ULS)
Design condition
Transit Design conditions at site
Drillships and
Un-restricted Restricted Moored units (FPSOs)
Wave parameter well intervention
Survival
1)
Hull Topside Hull and topside Operation Survival Spread Turret
moored moored
Probability/annual of -8 100-
- 10 10-year 1-year 7) 100-year
exceedance year
2) 2) 2)
Wave spectrum - PM PM Jonswap Jonswap
2 2 2 6)
Wave spreading - Cos Cos Cos /None
Section MWV-Dir, 8)
- Head sea condition Head sea condition Head sea condition
loads QWV-Dir
Highest
response Highest
considering response
asurge-uls,
Highest response actual from
asway-uls,
Highest response considering considering actual design Head
Motion and aroll-uls,
actual design waves for the design waves for waves sea 180°
accelerations aheave-uls, DNV-
relevant wave heading directions the relevant wave for the
apitch-uls, RU-SHIP +/- 15°
heading directions relevant
φuls, θuls Pt.3 Ch.4 +/- 30°
wave
heading of head
directions
Relevant
Relevant design design
Sea PW-Dir-WL- Relevant design +/- 30°
- wave from beam wave
pressure uls wave from beam sea of head
sea from
beam sea
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Design condition
Chapter 2 Section 2
Transit Design conditions at site
Drillships and
Un-restricted Restricted Moored units (FPSOs)
Wave parameter well intervention
Survival
1)
Hull Topside Hull and topside Operation Survival Spread Turret
moored moored
1) Optional when direct values of motion and accelerations for topside interface analyses are used, as substitute to the
accelerations given in the DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.4 Sec.3.
2) Other spectrum may be used if specified by the project, see e.g. DNV-RP-C205 for details.
3) For units intended for unrestricted service (world wide operation), Hs of 17.3 m for North Atlantic environment shall
be used.
4) Restriction for operation, typically a maximum sea state for a drilling operation, a stand-by condition, etc. The 1-
year response level may be applied.
5) For restricted transit or single transit to location condition, see Sec.1 [2.6], actual Hs for the restricted transit areas
shall be used.
2
6) No wave spreading for section loads calculation of Mvw and Qvw. Cos wave spreading for motion and accelerations,
and for sea pressure calculations.
7) For well intervention units that shall comply with the MODU code, Hs equal to 50-year condition may be applied.
8) 90% fractal value shall be used for units operating at harsh locations, see Sec.1 [2.4].
3.9.3 Non-linear effects
3.9.3.1 Non-linear effects due to Froude-Kriloff and restoring forces from wave elevation and hull shape form,
up to actual wetted surface, shall be considered for the vertical wave bending moments and the vertical wave
shear force for units operating at harsh locations. Particularly the unit's hull form e.g. bow flare in high sea
states, contributes to the non-linear responses.
Requirements for different unit types and environmental conditions are given in [3.9.3.2] to [3.9.3.4].
3.9.3.2 Well intervention and drilling units
Correction for non-linearity is not required for conventional designs.
For novel and un-conventional designs, the hull girder responses shall be specially evaluated.
3.9.3.3 Production and/or storage units operating in benign water areas
The rule values and distributions for the vertical wave bending moment, Mwv and vertical wave shear
forces, Qwv, given in DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.4 Sec.4 may be used, or site specific linear wave load responses
according to [3.9] may be used. I.e. correction for non-linearity is not required.
For novel and un-conventional designs, the hull girder responses shall be specially evaluated.
3.9.3.4 Production and/or storage units operating in harsh environment areas
The non-linear effects are more significant in higher waves. For production and/or storage units located in
harsh environment areas as defined in Sec.1 [2.4.1], the non-linear effects shall be calculated with respect to
both hull girder wave bending moments and wave shear forces if Mwv-Dir / Mwv > 1.0 at 0.5 L.
The non-linear response shall be established by one of the following methods:
Method 1): Perform a direct non-linear wave load analysis to find the non-linear wave bending moment
and wave shear force values, along the unit's length, for ballast and loaded conditions. The values and
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distributions calculated by a non-linear analysis shall be used directly in the strength checks without any
Chapter 2 Section 2
further corrections.
Method 2): Perform a direct linear wave load analysis for fully loaded and ballast conditions. The highest
linear response values of Mwv-Dir and Qwv-Dir from either fully loaded or ballast condition shall be multiplied
with non-linear factors as follows:
a) For the vertical wave bending moments, the non-linear factors fNLC-M given in Table 8 shall be multiplied
with the linear response values Mwv-Dir at midship 0.5 L. This defines the maximum value of the wave
bending moment curve between the knuckle points at 0.4 L and 0.65 L as shown in Figure 4. Figure 4
also include the corresponding non-linear wave bending moment curves using method 1), to show the
relationship between the different curves.
b) For the vertical wave shear forces, the non-linear factors fNLC-Q given in Table 8 shall be multiplied
with the linear response values Qwv-Dir at 0.25 L and at 0.75 L. This defines the maximum value of the
wave shear force curve respectively in the aftship between 0.15 L and 0.3 L/0.35 L, and in the foreship
between 0.7 L and 0.85 L/0.9 L. The wave shear values at midship, between 0.4 L and 0.6 L, shall be
reduced with a factor of 0.65 times the shear force values at 0.75 L. The knuckle points of the wave
shear force curves are also shown in Figure 5. Figure 5 also includes the corresponding non-linear wave
shear force curves using method 1), to show the relationship between the different curves.
For units operating in areas where:
— Mwv-Dir / Mwv > 1.3 at 0.5 L, the non-linear correction specified in Table 8 shall be used
— Qwv-Dir / Qwv > 1.5 at quarter lengths 0.25 L or 0.75 L, the non-linear correction specified in Table 8 shall
be used.
Between 1.0 and 1.3 for wave bending moment and between 1.0 and 1.5 for wave shear force, linear
interpolation shall be used.
Mwv = rule wave bending moment.
Qwv = rule wave shear force.
Guidance note:
The non-linear hydrodynamic wave load program 'WASIM' may be used for calculating the non-linear wave responses.
Method 2) may be used for preliminary design, prior to use method 1).
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Table 8 Non-linear correction moment factors (fNLC-M) and shear factors (fNLC-Q) for production
and storage units operating in harsh environment areas
fNLC-M fNLC-Q
Position
Sagging Hogging Negative Positive
0 - - - -
1.0 L - - - -
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Chapter 2 Section 2
Figure 4 Knuckle points of resulting wave bending moments using method 2)
Figure 5 Knuckle points of resulting wave shear forces using method 2)
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Chapter 2 Section 2
3.9.4 Fatigue limit state
The basis for using direct wave load analyses to calculate the dynamic loads to be applied for the fatigue
assessments is given in Table 9 for long-term response analyses, and in Table 10 for short-term response
analyses. Long-term response analyses are applicable for fatigue calculation method 2 and method 3 as
specified in Sec.4 [1.2], while short-term response analyses are only applicable for fatigue calculation
method 2.
For the short-term response analyses the MPM value are general accepted for all responses.
Table 9 Design basis for linear long term response analysis - fatigue assessment (FLS)
Design condition
Transit Design conditions at site
Wave parameter Moored units (FPSOs)
Drillships
Un-restricted Restricted and well Spread
intervention Turret moored
moored
1) 2)
Wave environment - Specified areas Site specific Site specific
Probability of -2 -2 -2
- 10 10 10
exceedance
4)
Wave spectrum - PM PM PM PM
2 2 2
Wave spreading - Cos Cos Cos
MWV-Dir-fls,
Section loads
QWV-Dir-fls
asurge-fls, 60% in head
asway-fls, All headings 0° sea; 30% in ±
DNV-RU- All headings 0° - 360°,
Motion and aroll-fls, - 360°, equal 3) 15° of head:
SHIP Pt.3 Ch.4 3) equal probability
accelerations aheave-fls, probability 10% in ± 30°
3)
apitch-fls, of head
φfls, θfls
Sea pressure PW-Dir-fls
1) For restricted transit, Hs for the restricted transit areas shall be applied.
2) Alternatively prescriptive rule loads given in DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.4 may be applied.
3) Project specified heading profile may be applied, if documented.
4) For units operating at harsh locations, the Jonswap wave spectrum should additionally be checked.
Table 10 Design basis for linear short term response analysis - fatigue assessment (FLS)
Design condition
Transit Design conditions at site
Wave parameter Moored units (FPSOs)
Drillships and
Un-restricted Restricted Spread Turret
well intervention
moored moored
Specified 2)
Wave environment - 1) Site specific Site specific
areas, Hs, T
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Design condition
Chapter 2 Section 2
Transit Design conditions at site
Wave parameter Moored units (FPSOs)
Drillships and
Un-restricted Restricted Spread Turret
well intervention
moored moored
-2 -2 -2
Probability of exceedance - 10 10 10
3)
Wave spectrum - PM PM PM PM
2 2 2
Wave spreading - Cos Cos Cos
MWV-Dir-fls, Head sea
Section loads Head sea condition
QWV-Dir-fls condition
Highest
response
asurge-fls,
Highest response from
asway-fls,
considering actual Highest response considering Head
Motion and aroll-fls,
DNV-RU- design waves for actual design waves for the sea 180°
accelerations aheave-fls,
SHIP Pt.3 Ch.4 the relevant wave relevant wave heading directions
apitch-fls, +/- 15°
heading directions
φfls, θfls +/- 30°
of head
Relevant design
+/- 30°
Sea pressure PW-Dir-fls wave from Relevant design wave from beam sea
of head
beam sea
1) For restricted transit, actual scatter diagram for the restricted transit areas shall be applied.
2) Alternatively prescriptive rule loads given in DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.4 may be applied.
3) For units operating at harsh locations, the Jonswap wave spectrum should additionally be checked.
3.10 Wheel loading
Wheel loads from cargo handling vehicles or other transporting vehicles shall follow DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.10
Sec.5.
3.11 Loads from topside structures
Topside loads shall be considered for all relevant design conditions as given in Sec.1 [2] by either:
1) Combine the inertia loads from topside modules, using the envelope accelerations at the modules centre
of gravity (COG) according to DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.4 Sec.3 [3.3], with hull global and local responses
considering the load combinations for the actual unit defined in Sec.7. Wind loads, as found applicable,
should additionally be considered in the same direction as the governing EDW direction, see[1.1.2]
2) Apply the topside envelope accelerations at the modules COG according to DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.4
Sec.3 [3.3], with hull girder loads, internal tank loads and wind loads according to Table 11. Fully loaded
(sagging) and ballast (hogging) conditions shall be considered.
3) Apply the topside restoring loads and moments, normally given by the topside designer, with hull
girder loads and internal tank loads according to Table 11. Fully loaded (sagging) and ballast (hogging)
conditions shall be considered. Wind loads are expected covered in the topside restoring loads and
moments, as applicable.
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Table 11 Combination of dynamic responses
Chapter 2 Section 2
Combination with fraction of responses
Topside restoring loads
Global hull girder loads Wind loads Tank pressure
[KN; KNm] 2
Load combination [kNm], [kN] 2 [kN] [kN/m ]
or envelope accelerations [m/s ]
Hull girder loads;
— Positive hull girder vertical bending moment (Ms, MWv) is hogging moment, and negative is sagging moment.
— Hull girder vertical shear force defined positive (absolute value).
When topside forces and moments are applied:
— FX longitudinal force
— Fy transverse force
— FZ vertical force
— My moment about transverse Y-axis
— MX moment about longitudinal X-axis
— MZ moment about vertical Z-axis.
When envelope accelerations are used:
1) az-env-pitch envelope longitudinal acceleration, see DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.4 Sec.3 [3.3.1]
2) az-env-roll envelope transverse accelerations, see DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.4 Sec.3 [3.3.2]
3) az-env envelope vertical accelerations, see DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.4 Sec.3 [3.3.3].
Wind and tank pressure:
a) The wind load act in the same direction as the relevant load combination, as applicable.
2
b) Internal tank pressure Pin shall be considered to top of tank plus an over-pressure P0 of 25 KN/m , unless otherwise
specified. The tank pressure shall be checked for both side of watertight bulkheads, as applicable.
4 Design load scenarios and design loading conditions
— The design loading conditions and design load scenarios as specified in Sec.1 Table 2 shall be considered
by following the principles given in DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.4 Sec.7.
— Loads from topside modules, drillfloor and turret structure shall be included, as found applicable.
— Design load combinations for the FE-analyses for the different unit types are specified in Sec.7.
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SECTION 3 STRENGTH ASSESSMENT
Chapter 2 Section 3
1 General
The strength assessments applicable for the various design conditions and relevant software tools are
presented in Table 1.
Table 1 Structural analysis applicable for design conditions and applicable software tools
Applicable for design condition
Limit curves
for still water
Sec.2 Stability analyses
bending X X X X X N/A
[2.2] calculations
moments and
1)
shear forces
Hull girder
section
[2.1] X N/A X N/A N/A N/A
modules
requirement
Hull girder
nominal yield Nauticus Hull rule check
[2.2] X N/A X N/A N/A N/A program, or similar
and buckling
check software tool
Hull girder
[2.3] X N/A X N/A N/A N/A
ultimate check
Hull local 5)
[3] X N/A X N/A N/A X
scantling
Finite element 3) 3) 3) 4) Sesam Genie or similar FE
[4] X X X X X N/A
analysis programs
1) The number of limit curves should be minimised, see Sec.2 [2.2.1].
2) See Sec.2 [3.2.1] for the applicable loads.
3) As found applicable, see Sec.1 [2.3], Sec.1 [2.5] and Sec.1 [2.6].
4) Normally not applicable, see Sec.1 [2.7].
5) Overfilling or flooding of tanks.
2 Hull girder nominal strength check
2.1 Minimum requirements to hull girder section
2.1.1 The requirements to the section modules Zgr as given in DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.5 Sec.2 [1.4], shall be
based on the vertical wave bending moment specified in Sec.2 [3.2].
2.1.2 The shear strength capacity requirements given in DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.5 Sec.2 [2], shall be based
on the wave shear force as specified in Sec.2 [3.2].
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Chapter 2 Section 3
2.1.3 The minimum requirement to the section modules at midship ZR-gr given in DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.5
Sec.2 [1.3] and the moment of inertia IyR-gr given in DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.5 Sec.2 [1.5], shall be complied
with.
The factor fr= fwv-ULS should not be taken larger than 1.0, but shall not be taken less than 0.5.
2.2 Hull girder longitudinal yield and buckling
The yield criteria given in DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.5 Sec.3 and the buckling criteria given in DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3
Ch.8 Sec.3, shall be based on the wave bending moment and wave shear force as specified in Sec.2 [3.2].
2.3 Hull girder ultimate strength
The hull girder strength criteria given in DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.5 Sec.4, shall be based on the vertical wave
bending moment as specified in Sec.2 [3.2] for both hogging and sagging condition, and applies at any
position within the unit's length.
2.4 Irregular hull forms
For units with irregular midship or novel design, where there are frequent changes in cross-sectional
properties, a FE-calculation as specified in [4] shall be performed. The requirements in [2.1], [2.2] and [2.3]
may then be waived and replaced by FE-calculation, as found applicable.
3 Hull local scantling
3.1 General
3.1.1 The design are specified in Sec.2.
3.1.2 Hull local scantlings and associated requirements shall follow DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.6 including:
— load application
— minimum thickness of plates, stiffeners and primary supporting members (PSM)
— plating, stiffeners, PSM and pillars
— intersection of stiffeners and PSM
— superstructure and deckhouse
— simple beam and grill analysis of stiffeners and girders.
3.1.3 Moonpool shall follow:
— the design load set SEA-1 and SEA-2 as defined in DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.6 Sec.2 Table 1 for the external
shell, considering the static and dynamic pressure as defined in Sec.2 [3.5.4].
— the minimum requirements to plating, stiffeners and primary supporting members similar to side shell
structure as defined in DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.6 Sec.3.
— the requirements to plating given in DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.6 Sec.4 [1].
— the requirements to stiffeners given in DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.6 Sec.5 [1].
— the requirements to PSM given in DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.6 Sec.6 [2].
3.1.4 In general plate thickness used in hull structure, superstructure, deckhouse, integrated ventilation
ducts, etc. shall not be less than 4.0 mm (net scantling).
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Chapter 2 Section 3
3.2 Buckling
3.2.1 Net scantlings shall be used for the buckling control.
3.2.2 Requirements to slenderness of plate, stiffeners, PSM, pillars, brackets and edge reinforcement in way
of openings shall be according to DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.8 Sec.2.
3.2.3 Prescriptive buckling requirements of plate and stiffeners shall be according to DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.8
Sec.3.
3.2.4 Buckling requirements based on stresses from FE-stress analyses of plate, stiffened panel, stiffeners,
pillars, struts, cross ties shall be according to DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.8 Sec.4.
3.2.5 Allowable buckling utilization factors for different design load scenario shall be according to DNV-RU-
SHIP Pt.3 Ch.8 Sec.1 [3.4].
3.3 Local strength of impact and slamming loads
Local impact and slamming loads as:
— bow impact given in Sec.2 [3.5.3]
— bottom and stern slamming given in Sec.2 [3.5.3]
— sloshing and liquid impact in tanks given in Sec.2 [3.6.2]
shall follow the strength requirements given in DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.10.
3.4 Special hull structure elements
Special hull structure elements such as plate stem, breast hooks, stern frames, propeller posts, sea chest,
thruster tunnels, machinery foundations, box coolers, berthing impact and tug contact and wave breakers
shall follow DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.10 Sec.6.
4 Finite element analyses
4.1 General
4.1.1 FE-analyses are here related to complex analyses for hull strength control by use of plate/shell
elements, or in combination with beam elements. Simple beam and grillage analyses are general only
accepted for local scantling controls as given in [3], or for simple topside modules as described in Sec.6.
4.1.2 The requirements to modelling principles, extension of model, boundary conditions, acceptance criteria
and reporting are given in DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.7 and in DNV-CG-0127.
4.1.3 The loads for finite element (FE) analyses are given in Sec.2.
4.1.4 Gross scantlings shall be applied.
4.1.5 Topside structures, e.g. drillfloor substructure and main support stools for topside process, which will
have significant impact of the hull girder stiffness, shall be part of the hull strength model.
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Chapter 2 Section 3
4.2 Global strength analyses
4.2.1 Global strength analyses are normally not required. For units with large discontinuities and torsional
sensitive structures, like large deck openings, a global FE model may be requested in order to evaluate the
stress distribution properly.
4.2.2 The following yield and buckling criteria shall be applied for the actual design conditions and scenarios
given in Sec.1 [3]:
— Von Mises yield check coarse mesh size using gross scantlings: DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.7 Sec.2 [4.2].
— Buckling check using net scantlings: DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.8 Sec.1 [3.4].
4.3 Part ship structural analyses
4.3.1 Part ship analyses (cargo hold analyses) shall be performed as part of the hull strength documentation
according to the requirements given in DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.7 Sec.3 [2], and the unit specific requirements
given in Sec.7.
4.3.2 All relevant tank filling configuration and topside loads shall be considered.
4.3.3 The following yield and buckling criteria shall be applied for the actual design conditions and scenarios
given in Sec.1 [3]:
— Von Mises yield check coarse mesh size using gross scantlings: DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.7 Sec.3 [4.2.4].
— Buckling check using net scantlings: DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.8 Sec.1 [3.4].
4.4 Local structural strength analyses
4.4.1 The purpose of a local fine mesh analysis is:
— to perform a local strength check of details where the stress results cannot be adequately represented
using normal coarse mesh size
— to find local hot spots relevant for fatigue assessments for details listed in Sec.4, when tabulated hot
spots not are available.
4.4.2 Where global stress concentrations are present due to discontinuities and large openings (e.g.
moonpool opening), local stresses shall be evaluated using local FE analyses.
4.4.3 Structural modelling shall follow the principles as given in DNV-CG-0127 Sec.4.
4.4.4 Local peak stress using the fine mesh criteria in DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.7 Sec.4 [4] should be used,
provided satisfactory redistribution of stresses to the adjacent structure is possible. Alternatively, non-linear
analysis using a recognized FE-program may be applied considering plastic strain criteria.
Where the peak stress is dominated by dynamic loads, fatigue isy governing and shall be documented.
Guidance note:
A local strain of maximum 5% may be accepted, provided redistribution of loads is possible.
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5 Weld and bolt connections
Chapter 2 Section 3
5.1 Welding - general
5.1.1 The technical requirements to welding and weld connections shall, as a minimum, comply with DNV-
RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.13.
5.1.2 For areas not specified in DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.13 Sec.1 [2.5], a fweld factor of 0.4 shall be used,
unless the weld connection is documented according to [5.3].
5.2 Full penetration welds
5.2.1 In addition to the requirements specified in DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.13 Sec.1 [2.4], full penetration
welds shall be used for the following connections:
— crane pedestal to deck plating
— topside support stools to main deck
— flare to hull structure
— drill floor support structure to main deck
— turret/yoke support structure to hull structure.
5.2.2 In structural parts where high tensile stress act through an abutting plate, full penetration weld shall
be used.
Guidance note:
Limit for high tensile stress is normally set to 50% of the material yield stress for the base material.
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5.3 Bolt connections
Requirements to bolt connections are given in DNV-OS-C101 Ch.2 Sec.11 [2].
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SECTION 4 FATIGUE
Chapter 2 Section 4
1 Principles and methodology
1.1 Assessment principles
1.1.1 DNV-CG-0129 Fatigue of ship structures shall be used for the fatigue evaluation.
1.1.2 Additional stress concentrations shall be considered when fabrication imperfections exceed the values
included in the design SN-curves.
1.1.3 Fatigue life shall be calculated combining global and local responses.
1.1.4 Repeated yield (low cycle fatigue) due to the repetitive loads from loading and unloading tanks shall
be considered according to principles given in DNV-CG-0129. Actual tank filling pattern and sequence during
loading and unloading may be accounted for in the calculation, as specified in the units design basis.
1.1.5 The accumulated fatigue damage from transit and location at site shall be calculated with appropriate
fraction of time in each loading condition, see also unit specific sub chapters in Sec.7.
1.1.6 Corrosion addition shall be considered for the fatigue assessment as described in Sec.1 [6.1].
1.1.7 Fatigue calculations using the principles given in DNV-CG-0129 assumes compliance with workmanship
requirements given in DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.9 Sec.3 [2].
Guidance note:
For the optional fabrication notation FAB(+) special requirements apply, see Ch.3 Sec.1 [2.3.2].
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1.1.8 The following principles are applicable for detail design:
— Special consideration shall be given to stress concentrations in way of cut-outs for door openings, hatch
coamings, windows, etc. and groups of such cut-outs. Corner radius in hull structure should not be less
than 100 mm, unless otherwise documented. Larger radius may be required based on actual stress level.
Multi cable transits (MCTs) shall be specially considered, and acceptance of use depends of the shape, size
and the actual position/stress level.
— Brackets exposed to high dynamic stress shall have soft toes, and preferably made stocky in order to
avoid buckling stiffeners (hot spots).
— Outfitting details connected to hull structure shall be such that stress concentrations are minimised, and
in highly stressed areas such connection shall be avoided. In general outfitting connections shall be placed
minimum 200 mm from bracket toes. Connection to top flange of girder/stiffener shall be avoided.
1.2 Fatigue calculation methods
1.2.1 Fatigue calculations shall be based on either prescriptive rule loads as given in DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.4,
or by direct loads as required in Sec.2 [3.2.2]. Load combination factors given in DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.4
Sec.2 [3] shall be applied, unless the load combinations are derived from a wave load analysis.
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Chapter 2 Section 4
1.2.2 Stress concentration factors (SCFs) of local details given in DNV-CG-0129 may be applied. For details
not covered in DNV-CG-0129, or documented in other recognised publications, a local FE analysis shall be
performed to determine actual SCFs.
Guidance note:
In order to account for stress concentrations from doublers, openings, cut-outs, penetrations, etc. it is recommended to design the
unit for an allowable SCF of 2.25 in the main deck together with S-N curve D.
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1.2.3 Fatigue calculation method 1 and 2 as listed in Table 1 shall be applied, unless project specific
requirements are given, or additional fatigue class notation is requested, see also DNV-CG-0129 for
description of the methods.
Table 1 Fatigue calculation methods
Combination Stress calc.
Method Description Applicable for Loads
of loads method
1)
1a Prescriptive Rule Beam model
Drillships for unrestricted transit Prescriptive (EDW)
1b analysis combination FE-analysis
2)
1)
2a Prescriptive Rule Beam model
Units for unrestricted or
4)
3a Component restricted transit and site Direct - Sec.2 [3.9.4] 1)
Beam model
stochastic specific operation Stochastic, wave
3b
4)
Full load analysis
3)
FE-analysis
stochastic
1) Beam model refers to use of 2-D cross section analyses as implemented in the DNV program Nauticus hull.
2) FE-analysis refers to part ship FE-analyses in combination with relevant local hot-spot factors.
3) FE-analysis normally refers to global FE-analyses in combination with relevant local hot-spot factors.
4) Method 3 is only required for the additional class notation FMS (fatigue methodology specification), see Ch.3 Sec.1
[2.1].
1.2.4 When a direct wave load analysis is carried out according to Sec.2 [3.9.4], a vibration factor, fvib, of
1.05 shall be added to the stress range as specified in DNV-CG-0129 Sec.3 [2.4].
1.2.5 Environmental factor
Prescriptive rule fatigue loads according to DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.4 may be applied for units operating in
benign waters as defined in Sec.1 [2.4], or for units trading (transit) in different locations. An environmental
factor, fe, as defined in DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.9 Sec.4 [4.2] may be considered for actual location(s).
For units world wide trading operation a fe-factor of 0.8 should be used. For units trading in North Atlantic or
in harsh environment areas, the fe-factor of 1.0 should be used.
The fe factor for different locations is presented in Figure 1 together with Table 2. For units trading in
different areas, weighing between the different areas may be assumed. Interpolation between the ship
lengths may be used.
When a direct wave load analysis is used to calculate the fatigue loads, the fe factor is 1.0.
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Chapter 2 Section 4
Figure 1 Nautical zones for estimation of fatigue reduction factors, fe
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Table 2 Environmental reduction factor fe related to unit length and nautical zones
Chapter 2 Section 4
LBP 300 m 200 m 100 m LBP 300 m 200 m 100 m
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LBP 300 m 200 m 100 m LBP 300 m 200 m 100 m
Chapter 2 Section 4
Zone no. fe- factor Zone no. fe- factor
1.3 Acceptance criteria
1.3.1 The design fatigue life TDF of new units shall be minimum 25 years. For conversions, see Sec.7 [6].
1.3.2 Design fatigue factors (DFF) given in Table 3 depending of the inspection interval, accessibility and
repair of any cracks, and shall be considered in the required design fatigue life TF as following: TF > TDF*DFF.
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Table 3 DFFs for structure areas depending on inspection and accessibility for inspection and
repairs
Chapter 2 Section 4
DFF when 5 yearly DFF when 5 yearly
Structure Example areas inspection is carried inspection is
out in dry docking carried out afloat
External structure, accessible Main deck plate, topside and
for regular inspection and repair equipments connections to main deck
1 1
in dry and clean conditions is plate.
possible.
External structure where access Side shell and bottom plate, including
for inspection is limited, and bilge keel, fairlead structure, riser
1 2
where repair in dry and clean tubes, deck moonpool corners, turret
conditions not is possible. interface structure
Internal structure, accessible and Transverse frames, transverse BHD,
not welded directly to submerged longitudinal BHD, stringers, cross ties. 1 1
part.
Internal structure, accessible and Longitudinal, transverse frames,
welded directly to the submerged transverse BHD’s welded to the
1 2
part. bottom plate or side shell plate below
the scantling draft.
Void spaces, sea chests, small
Non-accessible structure, not cofferdams, and topside supports
planned to be accessible for equipped with passive fire protection.
3 3
inspection and repairs during Structure that penetrates the bottom
operation. plate, e.g. caissons, bottom moonpool
corners.
Guidance note:
The DFFs are based on the principle that a fatigue crack in a ship-shaped structure is not critical, i.e. will not lead to substantiation
failure of the unit.
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Figure 2 Example of design fatigue factor in bottom area for units not intended for dry docking
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Chapter 2 Section 4
1.4 Details to be assessed
1.4.1 As a minimum the details as listed in Table 4 shall be documented with respect to fatigue. Additional
details may be required documented, based on the complexity and design.
Guidance note:
For units holding the additional class notation FMS (fatigue methodology specification), see Ch.3 Sec.1 [2.1].
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Table 4 Fatigue details to be checked for normal class scope
1 Bracket toe of typical
transverse web frame
2 Toe and heel of horizontal
stringer
3 Longitudinal stiffener end
connections to transverse
web frame and bulkhead.
Shell plate connection to
longitudinal stiffener and
transverse frames.
SCFs as defined in DNV-CG-0129 App.A may be applied.
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No. Hot spot detail Description
Chapter 2 Section 4
4 Hopper knuckles SCFs as defined in DNV-CG-0129 App.A may be applied.
5 Moonpool corners
6 Attachments, openings and Allowable stress concatenation factors (SCFs) at different longitudinal positions
penetrations in main deck should first be calculated. Then the actual penetration/opening SCFs shall be
controlled against allowable SCFs.
7 Crane pedestal connections
to hull structure
8 Turret or turret yoke
interface to hull structure
9 Topside interface to hull
structure
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No. Hot spot detail Description
Chapter 2 Section 4
10 Cut outs, penetrations and Cut out, penetrations and openings, typically passageways, access openings,
openings in; ventilation, pipe penetration and cable ducts, MCTs.
— Main deck structure. All relevant cut outs and openings shall be considered. Fine mesh analysis should
— Longitudinal bulkheads be performed according to the principles given in DNV-CG-0129 Sec.6 [2], unless
in structural transition actual SCF for the details can be found tabulated, e.g. DNV-CG-0129 App.A.
areas, typically in the Allowable SCF map should be performed for the different structural main elements
transition to fore and aft (deck, bottom, longitudinal bulkhead, etc.
ship structure, see also
Sec.7 Figure 2.
— Bottom plate, e.g.
caissons.
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SECTION 5 HULL EQUIPMENT, SUPPORTING STRUCTURES AND
Chapter 2 Section 5
APPENDAGES
1 Anchoring, mooring and towing equipment
1.1 General
1.1.1 The requirements for anchor, mooring and towing equipments and their arrangements are given in
DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.11 Sec.1.
1.1.2 The requirements for support of anchor mooring equipments, like chain stoppers and windlasses, are
given in DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.11 Sec.2 [2].
Guidance note:
Anchor equipments for temporary mooring may be excluded for units without propulsion intended for permanent mooring at site
specific location, or for units with redundant propulsion system, see specific requirements given in DNV-RU-OU-0101, DNV-RU-
OU-0102 and DNV-RU-OU-0103, as applicable.
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2 Support structure of deck fittings for mooring and towing
2.1 General
2.1.1 Design and construction of shipboard fittings and support structure for towing and quayside mooring
shall follow DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.11 Sec.2 [5].
2.1.2 A towing and quayside mooring arrangement plan for the fittings type, purpose (towing services,
quayside mooring), safe towing load (TOW) or safe working loads (SWL) with angles, etc. shall be submitted
as specified in DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.11 Sec.2 [5.7.3].
2.1.3 Calculation of the support structure for different towing services shall follow the safe towing load
(TOW) as given in Table 1.
Table 1 Towing services
Emergency towing Emergency towing in case of failure of
propulsion.
2.1.4 For quayside mooring the calculation of the support structure shall apply the following safe working
load (SWL) given in Table 2.
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Table 2 Quayside mooring equipments
Chapter 2 Section 5
Definition Safe working load (SWL)
Mooring at quay 1.15 times the minimum breaking strength of the mooring line, see DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.11
Sec.2 [5.5.1].
2.1.5 If a higher TOW or SWL specified on the fittings exceed the design loads given in [2.1.3] and [2.1.4],
the design loads for the support structure shall be increased accordingly.
2.1.6 Support of fittings intended for different purpose (normal towing, emergency towing, quayside
mooring) shall be dimensioned using the largest design load (TOW or SWL) according to [2.1.3] and [2.1.3].
2.1.7 The acceptance yield criteria shall follow DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.11 Sec.2 [5.6]. For buckling control the
utilization factors given for AC-III in DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.8 Sec.1 [3.4] shall be applied.
3 Support structure for permanent mooring systems
3.1 General
3.1.1 This standard covers supporting structure for the following mooring systems:
— An internal turret system using a cylinder or a submerged turret loading system installed inside the
forward part of the unit.
— An external turret system using a turret installed in front of the unit, i.e. mounted to external yoke
structure.
— Spread mooring system.
Figure 1 Turret systems
3.1.2 The DNV-OS-E301 shall be used as basis for the:
— requirements for the mooring components
— design reaction loads from the mooring system.
3.2 Design loads
3.2.1 Units with internal or external turret structure
For hull strength control, the extreme 100 years restoring loads from the turret as provided by the turret
designer, shall be combined with hull girder loads and local loads from tank and sea pressure as specified in
Sec.2.
As turret moored units weathervane, the turret loads may normally be determined on basis of analyses
o
carried out in a weather influx sector +/- 45 relative to the bow, see Figure 2.
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Chapter 2 Section 5
Figure 2 Main turret load and directions
Guidance note:
For the fatigue control, the dynamic load blocks and cycles related to a defined period (e.g. 1 year) may be applied. For oblique
sea conditions the resultant environmental loads acting 45° relative to the bow is normally considered sufficient. In areas of
dominating current and wind loads acting sideways or in ice affected areas that may drift the unit more sideways against the
dominating head sea wave direction, a 90° relative to the bow incoming waves should additionally be evaluated. For definition of
the EDW directions, see Sec.2 [1.1.3].
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3.2.2 Spread moored units
The minimum breaking load (MBL) shall be used, assuming the most unfavourable relative angle between the
unit and the anchor line, see Figure 3.
Loads from mooring shall be combined with global and local hull loads as found relevant.
Figure 3 Fairlead with vertical inlet angle (γ) and horizontal working angle (φ)
Guidance note:
— If the hull connection of the mooring lines are positioned aft of 0.1LPP from AP, or forward of 0.9LPP from AP, the contribution
from hull girder loads may be excluded in the support structure calculation.
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Chapter 2 Section 5
3.2.3 Mooring cluster
For a cluster of mooring lines, the minimum breaking load (MBL) for the mooring line shall be used for one
individual mooring line at a time. The remaining part of the cluster force (cluster force minus MBL of one
line) shall be distributed on the remaining lines in the cluster according to their direction relative to the total
cluster force for the ULS condition. The most unfavourable directions of the cluster forces shall be checked.
In addition, the accidental case (ALS) with one mooring line broken shall be checked. The cluster force shall
then be distributed on the remaining lines in the cluster. The most unfavourable directions of the cluster
forces shall be checked.
3.3 Strength assessment
Strength assessment of support structure for mooring devices shall normally be checked using FE-analysis
with corrosion addition as given in Sec.1 Table 5.
The permissible utilization factor for Von Mises coarse mesh yield check is: λyperm= 0.8.
The permissible utilization factor for buckling capacity is: ηall = 0.8
For an accidental event with one-line mooring broken, the permissible utilization factor for coarse mesh yield:
λyperm= 1.0, and buckling: ηall = 1.0
In case local fine mesh analysis is required (Sec.3 [4.4.1]), the requirements given in Sec.3 [4.4] apply.
3.4 Fatigue assessment
3.4.1 Units with internal or external turret structure
Fatigue damage for the turret support structure may be calculated using time simulation of the combined
stress process from the hull motions and the mooring loads. Alternatively, the fatigue damage from hull
motions and mooring may be calculated separately and combined using the following formula:
where:
D1 = calculated fatigue damage for the high cycle fatigue (hull motions)
D2 = calculated fatigue damage for the low cycle fatigue (mooring loads)
ν1 = mean zero up crossing frequency for the high cycle fatigue (hull motions)
ν2 = mean zero up crossing frequency for the low cycle fatigue (mooring loads)
m = negative inverse slope of the S-N curve.
Guidance note:
— The formula is based on use of one slope SN-curve for the fatigue damage calculations. If a two-slope SN-curve is used for the
fatigue calculations the strictest m-factor in the SN-curve (m = 5) should be used.
— ν1 is either to be calculated by wave load analysis or based on formula given in DNV-CG-0129 App.C [2.2].
— ν2 may be calculated by dividing number cycles for the mooring loads over the period.
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3.4.2 Spread mooring units
Fatigue documentation of supporting structures is not required, provided all the following criteria are fulfilled:
— the strength is in accordance with [3.3]
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— the area is accessible for inspection
Chapter 2 Section 5
— the material and inspection principles given in Sec.1 are complied with.
4 Support of heavy equipment, winches and pulling accessories
4.1 General
4.1.1 Equipment are generally defined as heavy when the equipment operational weight is above 10 ton, or
if static overturning moment exceeds 100 kNm. The strength requirements to support of heavy equipment
are given in DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.11 Sec.2 [3.1.2] to DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.11 Sec.2 [3.4]. Equipment shall
in general not land on unsupported plate fields, but shall be properly supported.
Winches and pulling accessories shall comply with the requirements given in DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.11 Sec.2
[3.3.2] to DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.11 Sec.2 [3.4.4] when the safe working load, SWL > 50 kN.
4.1.2 Hull strength support related to special equipment shall follow the load and acceptance criteria as listed
in Table 3.
Table 3 Design principles for support of special equipment
Thrusters DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.10 Sec.6 [6.3]
5 Support of topside stools
5.1 General
5.1.1 This subsection is applicable for the hull support, including hull connection, of topside stools. For
topside loads, see Sec.2 [3.11]. Green sea pressure should be considered for the topside module supports
according to Sec.2 [3.5.2], but may be considered as a separate load case.
Guidance note:
Topside module supports are normally stocky constructions, and green sea pressure is normally not governing for the strength.
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5.1.2 Topside supports shall be checked using FE-analyses according to Sec.3 [4].
Guidance note:
It is recommended that a contingency factor of 1.1 accounting for the uncertainty of topside weights is included in the feed phase
of a project.
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6 Support structure for inboard cranes, davits and lifting masts
6.1 General
6.1.1 Support structure for davits and lifting appliances where lifting is performed within the unit, shall follow
DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.11 Sec.2 [4].
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Chapter 2 Section 5
6.1.2 Design loads shall be provided by the equipment designer and shall consider the equipment self weight
and the working load, including corresponding dynamic factors as applicable.
6.1.3 Design loads for davits used for life saving appliances shall include an additional load factor of 2.2
times SWL as specified in DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.11 Sec.2 [4.5.2].
7 Support of offshore cranes
7.1 General
7.1.1 This subsection covers requirements to support structure of offshore cranes. An offshore crane is a
lifting appliance on board the unit intended for handling loads outside the unit while at sea.
Figure 4 Typical crane arrangement
Guidance note:
Supporting structure is here defined as the structure below the slewing bearing (slewing ring), as the slewing bearing normally
defines the boundary of scope between the crane designer and the hull designer/yard.
For crane mounted on high pedestals, deflection should be considered
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7.1.2 The strength requirements given to the crane pedestal and the crane pedestal support structure shall
be based on crane reaction loads, with corresponding load factors and dynamic factors as given in DNV-
ST-0378.
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Chapter 2 Section 5
7.1.3 For crane mounted on high pedestals, and where the crane operator is positioned above the
slewing ring, the SLS condition due to deflection from crane lifts should be evaluated in accordance with
requirements given in DNV-OS-C101 Ch.2 Sec.7.
7.2 Design conditions
7.2.1 The operational modes of the crane related to design conditions are given below. See Sec.2 [4] for
definition of design conditions.
Table 4 Design conditions for offshore cranes
Design condition
Operational mode
Operational Transit Survival
Crane in operation (in use) X
Crane in stowed position (parked in a cradle) X X
7.3 Crane working loads
The design crane reaction loads at the slewing bearing shall be based on DNV-ST-0378, and the crane
reaction loads listed below shall be provided by the crane designer, see Ch.3 Sec.1 [1.4].
— Working load (W) and dynamic factor Ψ used as basis for the design cases.
— In plane and vertical loads, and bending moment at the slewing ring considering wind and accelerations as
applicable.
— The wind speed, Vw.
— Crane dead weight, SG , including weight of the crane components and the centre of gravity in stowed
condition.
— Classification of the crane, including number of cycles, spectrum factor (load spectrum class), or lifting
cycles.
— Design loads at top of crane cradle in stowed condition.
The in-plane forces and moments of Y and X axis shall be according to relevant operation directions. The
design loads from the crane are forces (KN) and moments (KNm) as following:
See also Figure 5.
Fz = vertical force
Fxy = horizontal in-plane forces
Mxy = overturning moments
Mz = slewing moment.
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Chapter 2 Section 5
Figure 5 Crane working loads
Guidance note:
When crane operator cabin is located above the slewing bearing, additional safety factors shall be considered as specified in DNV-
ST-0378 [8.2.2.4].
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7.4 Hull girder deflection, δx
7.4.1 The hull girder deflection δx from vertical hull girder moment bending moment VBM shall be
considered.
Guidance note:
The δx may be estimated using the following simplified formula:
where:
σg = maximum hull girder stress at actual position for the given condition
Lm = longitudinal extent of the FE-model
E = Young’s modulus (taken as 210 GPa for steel
VBM = Msw + Mwv, = total vertical hull girder moment at position for actual design condition (loaded/ballast)
Z = section modulus of hull girder at deck level at the crane position.
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7.4.2 When the crane is in operation (in use), the hull girder deflection shall be considered using:
— Msw according to Sec.2 [2.2]
— Mwv according to Sec.2 [3.2] using specified operation limitation (Hs), or alternatively using 50% of the
Mwv as given in DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.4 Sec.4 [3.1].
7.4.3 When the crane is stowed in the cradle, the hull girder deflection shall be considered using:
— Msw according to Sec.2 [2.2]
— Mwv according to Sec.2 [3.2].
In Figure 6 the hull girder deformations are shown as prescribed deformation to the left and end moment at
right.
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Chapter 2 Section 5
Figure 6 Example hull girder deflection applied FE-models
7.5 Inertia loads, Fa
7.5.1 For use of the crane , the relevant operational hull motions shall be covered in the reaction forces
given in [7.3].
7.5.2 In stowed condition, the inertia loads Fa from ship motions (accelerations) shall be considered based
on the cranes self weight SG acting at the centre of gravity in stowed condition. The accelerations shall be
based on Sec.2 [3.3], and the combination of responses may be based on Sec.2 Table 11 , or directly from a
wave load analysis.
7.6 Wind (SW) and green sea pressure (PSI)
7.6.1 For use of the crane, the relevant operational wind loads shall be covered in reaction loads given in
[7.3].
7.6.2 In stowed condition, wind loads (SW) shall be considered based on actual wind speed and projected
crane pedestal wind area, see wind speeds given in Sec.2 [3.8].
7.6.3 Green sea pressure (PSI) as defined in Sec.2 [3.5.2] may be considered as a local load case in stowed
condition, when found relevant.
Guidance note:
Pedestals are normally stocky constructions, and green sea pressure is normally not governing for the strength
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7.7 Combination of loads
7.7.1 Combination of loads shall be considered for the strength and fatigue control according to Table 5.
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Table 5 Load combination for offshore crane pedestal and support structure
Chapter 2 Section 5
Crane reaction load
Hull deflection, inertia and wind loads
at the slewing ring
Load Limit
Design condition Fz Fxy Mxy Mz SG δx Fa SW PSI
comb. state
1)
1a ULS Operational condition, crane in x x x x x
use
1)
1b FLS Operational condition, crane in x x x x x
use
2) 3)
2a ULS Crane stowed - transit x x x x (x)
3)
2b Crane stowed - survival x x x x (x)
2)
3a FLS Crane stowed - transit x x
3b Crane stowed - survival x x
1) Minimum every 45 degree of the operating sector of the crane shall be checked. Hull deflection may be based on the
head sea condition for all operating sectors, or the hull deflection may account for each individual operating sector.
2) Based on unit restrictions, see Sec.2 [3.2], either transit or survival condition is governing.
3) May be applied as a separate load case, if relevant.
7.8 Finite element analyses
7.8.1 FE-analysis shall be carried out, and shall include the interaction with hull structure. A local FE-model
is acceptable, provided the boundary conditions do not influence of the stress results.
7.8.2 The hull deflection loads specified in [7.4] may be applied on the FE-model as prescribed deformation,
or applied as end moments. If prescribed deformations are applied, different boundary conditions shall be
considered for the prescribed deflection and the crane loads. Alternatively, the deflection may be considered
as applied bending moment on a larger FE-model as shown in [7.4.3].
7.8.3 The crane reaction loads and inertia loads shall be applied by a multiple point constraint at the slewing
ring, and the wind load on the pedestal may be applied as pressure or line load, see Figure 7.
Figure 7 Example crane and wind loads applied FE-models
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Chapter 2 Section 5
7.9 Yield and buckling control
7.9.1 Allowable usage factor is ηall = 0,75ReH for Von Mises yield criteria. For buckling control ηall = 0,75,
using DNV-CG-0128 in general, and DNV-RP-C202 for shell buckling, as applicable.
The usage factor (ηall = 0,75ReH) provides that load case II given in DNV-ST-0378 [4.2.3] is applied. When
other load cases (I or III) are found relevant, the allowable usage factors given in DNV-ST-0378 Table 4-2
shall be applied for yield and buckling control, provided the support structure consists of plated structure.
Else the usage factors given in DNV-ST-0378 Table 4-3 shall be used for the buckling control.
7.9.2 When local fine mesh analysis is applied, a 50 x 50 mm mesh size shall be used, together with the
acceptance criteria as given in DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.11 Sec.2 [4.6].
7.10 Fatigue
7.10.1 General
Fatigue capacity of the crane pedestal and its support structure depends on:
— The dynamic factor, number of load cycles and load spectrum due to lifting (hoisting), when the crane is in
use.
— Inertia loads from hull girder deflection and unit motion (accelerations) with corresponding cycles, when
the crane is in stowed position.
— The actual detail (hot spot) to be considered, including weld type.
— Relation between maximum and minimum stress range in a stress cycle.
Fatigue damage from crane operation DO, and fatigue damage when the crane is stowed DS, may be
assumed uncorrelated. I.e. total calculated fatigue damage DF is:
DF = DO + DS
7.10.2 Fatigue damage - crane operation
Cranes are subject to different design cycles (class of utilization, Ν) and load spectra (load spectrum class,
kp) depending on crane type and the intended operation. This information should be specified by the crane
designer.
Guidance for selection of these parameters is given in Table 6. Alternatively the crane specific spectrum may
be directly calculated as:
where the load spectrum is divided into successive blocks with particular load levels and where:
N = total number of design loads for the crane
ni = number of lifts in the block for the maximum load Li
Li = maximum load of all lifts in the block
LMax = maximum load of all cycles
m = slope of SN-curve.
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Guidance note:
Chapter 2 Section 5
Table 6 Typical cycles and load spectrum for common crane types
If the crane is categorized according to F.E.M. standard (Federal Europeenne de la Manutention), EN13001-3-1, the corresponding
upper bound of kp for the particular load spectrum class (Q1-Q4) may be used directly.
The number of cycles may be taken as the upper bound for the particular class of utilization (U0-U9).
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Based on the defined Ν and kp, the fatigue damage due to crane loads may be calculated
as:
where:
a1 = intercept of the applicable SN curve given in DNV-CG-0129
σmax = maximum stress range at the hotspot to be considered.
Guidance note:
o o
As the dominating turning angle for crane operation is normally limited to 130 (not 180 ) and that the reaction loads for lifting
normally consists of lifting load, crane boom weight and dynamic amplification factor, the hotspot stress from the crane loads given
in [7.3] may be applied as the stress range σmax in the fatigue calculations.
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7.10.3 Fatigue damage - crane stowed
Fatigue damage from the inertia loads due to ship motions and hull girder deflection may be calculated by
using a long term Weibull shape parameter of the stresses found from a wave load analysis. Alternatively
a Weibull shape parameter of 1.0 may be used. When assuming linear cumulative fatigue damage, the
expression for the fatigue damage is given as:
where:
Td = design life in seconds
a1 = intercept of SN curve as given in DNV-CG-0129
T0 = zero-crossing period, may be estimated assuming T0=4*LOG(L)
L = ship rule length
Δσ0 = maximum stress range (MPa) from n0 cycles
n0 = number of cycles for actual stress
m = slope of SN-curve, for most curves m = 3
Γ = gamma function, Γ(4) = 6.0.
For combination of inertia loads, see [7.5].
Fatigue damage contribution for the transit condition may be excluded if time in transit is expected to be less
than 5% of the total design fatigue time, see also Sec.7 [6.2].
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Chapter 2 Section 5
7.10.4 Calculation of hot spot stresses
The relevant hot spots may be based on tabulated values when applicable, or by local fine mesh FE analysis.
See DNV-CG-0129 for details.
Figure 8 Crane pedestal fine mesh for hot spot calculation
7.11 Crane boom rest structure
7.11.1 Crane cradle longitudinal, transverse and vertical loads shall be supplied by the crane designer. Wind
loads shall be considered as found applicable. The loads shall be applied simultaneously, unless otherwise
documented.
Guidance note:
If reaction forces not are specified by the crane designer, the wind speed as defined in Sec.2 [3.8], together with inertia loads from
accelerations on the crane boom as specified in Sec.2 [3.3] shall be considered. Using 0.35g in longitudinal (ax) and vertical (az)
direction, and 0.5g in transverse direction (ay) will normally be a conservative approach, when applied simultaneously.
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7.11.2 Inertia and wind loads acting on the boom rest support structure itself, and the hull girder deflection,
may normally be excluded.
7.11.3 Structural documentation of the crane boom rest including support structure shall be performed by a
FE or beam model, using the reaction loads provided by the crane designer.
7.11.4 Acceptance criteria are given in DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.6 Sec.6.
8 Bulwarks, protection of crew and appendages
8.1 Bulwark and protection of crew
8.1.1 Requirements to construction of bulwark are given in DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.11 Sec.3 [2].
8.1.2 Requirements to guard rails, gangways, walkways and passageways are given in DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3
Ch.11 Sec.3 [3], as found applicable.
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Chapter 2 Section 5
8.2 Bilge keel
8.2.1 The requirements to bilge keel are given in DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.11 Sec.4 [1].
The bilge keel should either be made using doubler plate, or welded directly to the hull plate with full
penetration weld. The bilge keel shall be made with soft end terminations, see Figure 9.
Figure 9 Bilge keel soft termination
8.2.2 When the bilge keel web height exceeds 500 mm, supporting brackets at each frame position should
be considered. Supporting brackets shall be of the same material class as the bilge strake, and soft details
should be used in order minimize fatigue critical hot spots. Full penetration weld should be used between the
bilge plate and the support bracket, and should also be provided for the welds inside the hull (between the
frame and the bilge plate).
Figure 10 Bilge keel with support brackets
8.3 Propeller nozzles, shaft brackets and stern tubes
Requirements are given in DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.11 Sec.4, as applicable.
8.4 Rudders and steering
Requirements are given in DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.14, as applicable.
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Chapter 2 Section 5
8.5 External platforms
Platforms connected to the hull (e.g. boat landing platforms) should be made with soft brackets and properly
supported. Welding details both for new and existing support structure shall be evaluated with respect to
strength and fatigue.
Platforms hanging over the units side should generally be avoided, due to risk of high impact loads from
waves (wave runup). In cases where overhang platform is necessary, it should be designed with due concern
to wave runup loads. Welding to the unit's deck sheer strake plate shall be avoided, see Figure 11.
Figure 11 Overhanging platform
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SECTION 6 TOPSIDE STRUCTURES REQUIREMENTS
Chapter 2 Section 6
1 Application
The requirements in this section may be applied for design selection of material, inspection principles, and
structural strength of topside structures.
Guidance note:
Topside structures are not part of DNV main class scope, but are part of additional class notations, e.g. DNV-OS-E101 for Drilling
plant, and DNV-OS-E201 for topside processing.
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2 Material and inspection principles
The requirements to material and NDT scope shall follow the principles given in Sec.1 [5].
Selection of material and inspection may alternatively be selected according to DNV-OS-C101 Ch.2 Sec.3
Table 5.
3 Design principles
The topside structures shall be designed to withstand the relevant design limit states as described in Sec.1
[1.1.2].
4 Design loads
4.1 General
4.1.1 Design loads for topside module structures shall in general follow the principles applicable for the hull
structure, see Table 1 below.
Table 1 Design loads for the different design conditions
Design condition
Transit Offshore condition at site
Design load
Survival
Normal Restricted Operating Accidental
Harsh Restricted
Hull girder deflection [4.3]
from vertical bending
moments
Green sea pressure Sec.2 [3.5.2]
Wind loads Sec.2 [3.8]
Internal deck loads [4.2]
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Chapter 2 Section 6
4.1.2 Simultaneous acting static loads (mass of modules), and correlation between responses as described in
Sec.2 [3.11] may be applied.
4.1.3 Topside structure exposed to green sea pressure shall be checked using the green sea pressure defined
in Sec.2 [3.5.2]. Green sea pressure is considered as a local load scenario.
4.1.4 Wind loads specified in Sec.2 [3.8] shall be included for large modules and equipments (e.g. flare
tower, derrick structure) in the strength control of primary support members (PSM), see [6].
4.1.5 Explosion and fire events shall be considered, see also Sec.1 [2.7].
4.2 Deck loads
4.2.1 Local static pressure distribution Pdl-s and static point load Fdl-s to be used for decks and platforms in
topside modules are given in Table 2 below.
Total distributed pressure loads Pdl on deck or platforms is given as following:
and the total point load Fdl is given as following:
where:
Pdl‐s = static pressure distribution
Fdl‐s = static point load
az = vertical acceleration for the position considered as given in Table 1 above.
Table 2 Static deck loads in topside modules
For local design (plates, stiffeners) For primary design
Decks (girders and columns), Pdl-s
Distributed load, Pdl-s Point load
2 2) 2
[KN/m ] , Fdl-s [KN] [KN/m ]
1)
Storage areas in modules Pdl-s 1.5 × Pdl-s Pdl-s
1) 3)
Lay down areas Pdl-s 1.5 × Pdl-s Pdl-s × f
3)
Area between equipment 5.0 5.0 5.0 × f
3)
Walkways, staircases and 4.0 4.0 4.0 × f
platforms, crew spaces
3)
Walkways and staircases for 3.0 3.0 3.0 × f
inspection only
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Chapter 2 Section 6
4.2.2 Wheel loads shall be added to the distributed loads Pdl-s when relevant. Individual wheel loads may be
applied over an area of 300 × 300 mm, if not otherwise specified.
4.2.3 If the deck is part of a tank boundary, the pressure from the tank shall be considered.
4.3 Hull girder deflection
The hull girder loads will impose horizontal and vertical deformation loads to the topside modules, and shall
be considered.
Guidance note:
The horizontal hull girder deformation may be estimated by using the following simplified formula:
where:
δ = longitudinal deformation between sections 1 and 2
M = design vertical bending moment at sections 1 and 2 for the design condition to be considered
Z = section modulus at the deck at the interface with topside structure
E = Young’s modulus of elasticity
l1 = distance between sections 1 and 2.
For topside support connections of sliding bearing type, the horizontal deformation may be excluded.
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5 Local design requirements
5.1 General
5.1.1 The following general symbols are used in this subsection.
k = material factor as defined in DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.3 Sec.1 [2.2]
lbdg = effective bending stiffener or girder span in mm as defined in DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.3 Sec.7
lshr = effective shear span or girder span in mm
Pdl = total pressure loads, including static and dynamic contribution
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2
PD = green sea pressure in KN/m
Chapter 2 Section 6
2
ReH = specified minimum yield stress of the material in N/mm
2
τeH = specified yield shear stress in N/mm , .
Guidance note:
For permanently manned areas like superstructure, the requirements given in DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.6 Sec.8 are applicable.
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5.1.2 The local requirements of intersections between stiffeners and primary support members are given in
DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.6 Sec.7.
5.2 Plates
5.2.1 The plate thickness [mm], including corrugated plates, should not to be less than:
5.2.2 The thickness of plating [mm], subjected to lateral pressure shall not be less than:
where:
b = breadth of plate panel in mm
ηall‐p = permissible usage factors for plate = 0.9
5.2.3 Plates exposed to green sea pressure shall be checked using the loads defined in Sec.2 [3.5.2]. The
plate thickness [mm] shall not be less than:
5.3 Stiffeners
5.3.1 The section modulus for longitudinals, beams, frames and other stiffeners subjected to lateral load
shall not be less than:
where:
fbdg = bending moment factor for stiffeners
— 12 for continues stiffeners fixed at both ends
— 8 for non-continues and continues stiffener, with one or both ends simply supported
fu = factor due to unsymmetrical profiles
— 1.0 for flat bars and symmetrical profiles (T-profiles)
— 1.03 for bulb profiles
— 1.15 for unsymmetrical profiles (L-profiles)
s = stiffener spacing in mm
ηall‐S = permissible usage factors for stiffeners = 0.8.
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Chapter 2 Section 6
5.3.2 Stiffeners with sniped ends may be accepted where dynamic stresses are low (< 30 MPa), provided
that the thickness of the plate supporting the stiffener is not less than:
5.3.3 Stiffeners exposed to green sea pressure shall be checked using the loads defined in Sec.2 [3.5.2] and
the section modulus shall not be less than:
6 Primary supporting members
6.1 Scantling requirements
6.1.1 The requirements in this subsection apply to simple PSM subject to lateral loads and concentrated
loads, and pillars subject to axial loads.
6.1.2 For PSM part of a complex grillage system, where boundary conditions for individual girders are not
predictable by using simple beam theory, a grillage analysis as explained in [6.2] shall be used.
6.1.3 The net thickness of web and flange of girders should not be less than 5.0 mm
6.1.4 The effective flange of girders is given in DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.3 Sec.7 [1.3].
6.1.5 The effects of cut outs and openings shall be considered.
6.1.6 Minimum section modulus of simple girders subject to lateral pressure shall not be less than:
6.1.7 Minimum web area after deduction of cut-outs:
where:
fbdg‐psm = bending moment factor for PSM as defined in DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.6 Sec.6 [2]
fshr‐psm = shear force factor for PSM as defined in DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.6 Sec.6 [2]
S = PSM spacing in m as defined in DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.6 Sec.7 [1.2]
ηall‐PSM = permissible usage factors for PSM = 0.8.
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Chapter 2 Section 6
6.2 Complex girder system
6.2.1 For large topside modules containing complex girder grillage system, beam or FE-analyse shall be
performed.
6.2.2 The model shall account for the actual support structure (boundary conditions). For modelling
techniques see DNV-CG-0127.
6.2.3 Equipment deck loads, wind loads and global hull deflections shall be included, assuming the most
severe combination of the loads.
6.2.4 Simultaneous acting static deck loads shall be considered, unless otherwise documented:
where:
M = static global weight of the module
Fs = total steel weight of the module
Fe = weight of equipment including tank loads when relevant
n = total number of equipments
K = 0.6, reduction factor to account for simultaneous acting weight, if Mdl-s is used for distributed weight
Mdl‐s = Pdl-s/g, evenly distributed design weight according to Table 2, unless otherwise is specified
m = total number of decks
A = loaded area of deck considered (area occupied by equipments shall not be included).
6.2.5 The global dynamic loads shall be based on the accelerations specified in Sec.2 [3.3].
6.2.6 Topside loads shall be combined with hull girder deformations for all relevant design conditions given in
Sec.1 [2] by either:
1) Combine the inertia loads from topside modules, using the envelope accelerations at the modules
centre of gravity (COG) according to DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.4 Sec.3 [3.3], with hull global deflections
considering the load combinations for the actual unit defined in Sec.7. Wind loads should additionally be
considered in the same direction as the governing EDW direction, see Sec.2 Figure 1.
2) Apply the topside envelope accelerations at the modules COG according to DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.4 Sec.3
[3.3], with hull girder defections and wind loads according to Table 3. Fully loaded (sagging) and ballast
(hogging) conditions shall be considered.
3) Apply the topside restoring loads and moments, normally given by the topside designer, with hull girder
deflections and wind loads according to Table 3. Fully loaded (sagging) and ballast (hogging) conditions
shall be considered.
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Table 3 Combination of dynamic responses
Chapter 2 Section 6
Combination with fraction of responses
Global Topside restoring loads
hull girder Wind loads
Load combination [KN; KNm]
deflection 2 [kN]
[m] or envelope accelerations [m/s ]
a)
δ Fx, My, ax-env FY, Mx, ay-env Fz, Mz, az-env Fw
1)
Head sea 1 1 +/- 1.0 0 +/- 1.0 1.0
1)
Head sea 2 -1 +/- 1.0 0 +/- 1.0 1.0
2)
Beam sea 1 0 0 +/- 1.0 +/-1.0 1.0
2)
Beam sea 2 0 0 +/- 1.0 +/-1.0 1.0
3)
Oblique sea 1 0.6 +/- 0.6 +/- 0.6 +/- 1.0 1.0
3)
Oblique sea 2 -0.6 +/- 0.6 +/- 0.6 +/- 1.0 1.0
When envelope accelerations are used:
1) az-env-pitch
2) az-env-roll
3) az-env.
Wind loads:
a) The wind load act in the same direction as the incoming wave direction.
Where:
δ hull girder deflection from vertical hull girder bending moment (static + dynamic) at the actual
position considered.
Positive defection is related to hogging condition
Negative defection is related to sagging condition
FX longitudinal force
My moment about transverse Y-axis
aX-env envelope longitudinal acceleration
Fy transverse force
MX moment about longitudinal X-axis
aY-env envelope transverse accelerations
FZ vertical force
MZ moment about vertical Z-axis
aZ-env envelope vertical accelerations
6.2.7 All relevant design conditions given in Sec.1 [2] shall be considered.
6.2.8 In-plane hull girder deformation may be excluded if sliding supports are used, but hull girder vertical
deformation shall be evaluated.
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Chapter 2 Section 6
6.3 Yield and buckling control
6.3.1 Permissible factor for yield control: ηall-yield = 0,8ReH, using Von Mises yield criteria.
6.3.2 Permissible usage factor for buckling control, ηall, shall follow the requirements given in DNV-RU-SHIP
Pt.3 Ch.8 Sec.1 [3.4].
6.4 Fatigue
6.4.1 Topside structures shall be evaluated for fatigue according to the principles given in Sec.4
6.4.2 Vortex induced vibrations shall be considered for slender members, e.g. flare tower and derrick
structure, see DNV-RP-C205 for details.
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SECTION 7 SPECIAL PROVISIONS FOR UNIT TYPES, CONVERSIONS,
Chapter 2 Section 7
REDEPLOYMENTS AND LIFETIME EXTENSIONS
1 General
This section specifies requirements specific for the different unit types, and requirements applicable for
conversions, redeployments and lifetime extensions.
1.1 Principles of finite element load combinations
1.1.1 Each design load combination consists of a tank loading pattern combined with sea pressures and hull
girder loads. Both static plus dynamic load scenario (S+D) and pure static load (S) scenario shall be checked
for all design load combinations.
Inspection and maintenance conditions shall be specially evaluated for each unit, as applicable. These
conditions are mainly relevant in restricted weather for static design load scenario (S), see also Sec.1 [2.5].
1.1.2 The following symbols are used within this section:
TSC =scantling draught in m
TLC =midship draught at considered loading condition as applicable in m
TBal =ballast draught at midship in m
Vertical stillwater bending moment Msw:
100%Msw =100% of the permissible vertical stillwater bending moment as defined in Sec.2 [2.2], for
details see DNV-CG-0127 Sec.3 [6.3.8] and DNV-CG-0127 Sec.3 [6.3.9]
50%Msw =50% of the permissible vertical stillwater bending moment as defined in Sec.2 [2.2], for
details see DNV-CG-0127 Sec.3 [6.3.8] and DNV-CG-0127 Sec.3 [6.3.9]
0%Msw =stillwater moment set to 0.
Vertical stillwater shear force Qsw:
100%Qsw =100% of the permissible target shear force value at forward and aft bulkhead position of the
actual mid-hold FE-model. For details see DNV-CG-0127 Sec.3 [6.3.5]
Qsw =actual shear force value for the relevant load combination. The vertical shear force value
should be adjusted down if the actual shear force value within the target result area for the FE-
analysis is higher than the permissible target value, for the actual load combination. For details
see DNV-CG-0127 Sec.3 [6.3.5]
75%Qsw =actual shear force value for the relevant load combination. The vertical shear force value
should be adjusted down if the actual shear force value within the target result area for the FE-
analysis is higher than 75% of the permissible target value, for the actual load combination. For
details see DNV-CG-0127 Sec.3 [6.3.5].
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2 Drilling units
Chapter 2 Section 7
2.1 Design conditions and design loads
2.1.1 Design conditions are specified in Sec.1 [2]. Any operational limitations shall be specified in the unit's
design basis/operation manual. E.g. wave scatter diagram for the operational locations, or restrictions in
wave height (Hs) and wind speed.
2.1.2 Design loads are given in Sec.2. The most severe design loads for the design conditions in transit,
operating and survival condition shall be used, see Sec.2 [3.2].
2.2 Design load scenarios and design loading combinations
2.2.1 Loading patterns for drilling units need to be specially considered for each individual unit, based
on the structural arrangement. In Table 1 typical design combinations are presented, but other design
combinations may also have to be considered depending of the unit's structural arrangement. Full load and
ballast condition should be considered with corresponding limit stillwater loads for the most severe tank filling
configurations. The design load scenarios and design load combinations shall be explained in the structural
design basis document. For symbols used in Table 1, see [1.1.2].
Table 1 Typical design load combinations for FE-analysis of drilling units
Stillwater loads Dynamic load cases
No. Shear
Draught Bending moment Head sea Beam sea Oblique sea Comment
force
Typical
normal loaded
condition. Full
A1 riser stack.
No filling in
double bottom
or double side
tanks.
A2
Full riser stack.
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Stillwater loads Dynamic load cases
Chapter 2 Section 7
No. Shear
Draught Bending moment Head sea Beam sea Oblique sea Comment
force
Typical normal
ballast condition.
Empty riser
A3 stack.
Typical normal
ballast condition.
No fuel tanks.
Empty riser
A4 stack.
2.3 Strength assessment
2.3.1 Part ship finite element analyses
To account for all heavy loads and variation in the structure arrangement, part ship FE-analyses for the areas
within the dotted lines shown in Figure 1 shall be considered.
Transition areas, shown in Figure 1, where there are structural changes in the main load bearing structure
arrangement, e.g. non-continues longitudinal bulkheads causing reduced hull girder shear capacity, change
from longitudinal to vertical stiffening, shall be covered in the FE-analyses.
Guidance note:
Additional cut-outs in the fore- and aft-ship areas due to cabling and piping are often made towards the end of the unit. Hence, it
is important at the design stage to have spare structural capacity to allow for additional cut-outs and openings.
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Chapter 2 Section 7
Figure 1 Typical drillship arrangement
2.3.2 Local finite element analyses
Local analyses of the topside interface areas as listed below are required. Other details may be required to be
analysed based on the topside arrangement and complexity.
— Drillfloor substructure and supporting structure to be included in part ship FE models.
— Topside stools and support for heavy topside structure.
— Crane pedestal foundation and support structure.
— Foundation and support structure for gantry crane rail.
The analyses may be performed using separate FE-models, where the loads from the topside structure are
combined with global hull girder stresses and local tank pressure as found relevant.
2.4 Fatigue assessment
2.4.1 Fatigue shall be documented in accordance with the principles given in Sec.4, and the results from
[2.3.1] and [2.3.2].
2.4.2 Full time operation at sea shall be considered, i.e. total fraction of time at sea, f0, of 1.0, where
fraction of time spent at sea between transit and operating shall be specified.
Guidance note:
Fraction of time should be 0.8 in operation and 0.2 in transit, if no other information is available.
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2.4.3 A design fatigue factor (DFF) of 1.0 is acceptable for all structural elements that follow 5-yearly
inspection intervals in dry-dock. For units not intended to be dry-docked, see Sec.4 Table 3.
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3 Well intervention units
Chapter 2 Section 7
3.1 Design conditions and design loads
3.1.1 Well intervention units shall follow the prescriptive ship rule loads given in DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.4,
including topside loads as found applicable.
3.1.2 Well intervention units that shall comply with the MODU code requirements shall use the design loads
in Sec.2 [3].
Guidance note:
The 100-year environmental loads may be replaced with 50 year environmental loads as defined in the MODU code.
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3.1.3 Design conditions are specified in Sec.1 [2]. Any operational limitations shall be specified in the unit's
design basis/operation manual. E.g. wave scatter diagram for the operational locations, or restrictions in
wave height (Hs) and wind speed.
3.2 Design load scenarios and design loading combinations
3.2.1 Full load and ballast conditions for the most severe tank filling configurations shall be considered
together with stillwater limit curves. All design scenarios and load combinations shall be clearly explained in
the structural design basis. See e.g. Table 1 used for drilling units, as reference.
3.3 Strength assessment
3.3.1 Part ship finite element analyses
In order to account for all heavy loads and variation of the structural arrangement over the unit length,
part ship FE-analyses considering the same areas as for drilling unit shall be considered, see Figure 1.
Transition areas, shown in Figure 1, where there are structural changes in the main load bearing structure
arrangement, e.g. non-continues longitudinal bulkheads causing reduced hull girder shear capacity, change
from longitudinal to vertical stiffening, shall be covered in the FE-analyses.
Guidance note:
Additional cut-outs in the fore- and aft-ship areas due to cabling and piping are often made toward the end of the project. Hence,
it is important at the design stage to have spare structural capacity to allow for additional cut-outs and openings.
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3.3.2 Local finite element analyses
Local analyses of the topside interface areas as listed below are required. Other details may be required to be
analysed based on the topside arrangement and complexity.
— drilltower substructure and supporting structure to be included in part ship FE-models
— topside stools and support for heavy topside structure
— crane pedestal foundation and support structure
— foundation and support structure for gantry crane rail.
The analyses may be performed using separate FE-models, where the loads from the topside structure are
combined with global hull girder stresses and local tank pressure as found relevant.
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Chapter 2 Section 7
3.4 Fatigue assessment
3.4.1 The fatigue assessment and the results from [3.3.1] and [3.3.2] shall be documented in accordance
with the principles given in Sec.4.
3.4.2 The fraction of time at sea, f0, of 0.85 may be considered, unless other information is applicable.
3.4.3 A design fatigue factor (DFF) of 1.0 is acceptable for all structural elements provided the unit follow 5-
year inspection interval for dry-docking. For units not intended to be dry-docked, Sec.4 Table 3.
4 Floating production and storage units
4.1 General
4.1.1 Floating production and storage units are here defined as:
— FPSO: floating production, storage and offloading units
— FSO: floating storage and offloading units
— FLNG: floating liquified natural gas units.
4.1.2 For FLNG/FSRU units the structural requirements to the LNG containment is given in DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.5
Ch.7 and in DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.5 Ch.8, as applicable. The strength requirements given in this standard cover
only the hull structure, excluding the LNG containment.
Guidance note:
FLNG units are normally moored in benign waters, see Sec.1 [2.4.1]. The hull strength requirements and accelerations used for
topside strength are then normally governed by the transit condition, see Sec.1 [2.2], or the single transit to location condition,
see Sec.1 [2.6].
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4.2 Design conditions and design loads
4.2.1 The applicable design conditions are given in Sec.2 [4].
Guidance note:
Operating condition as specified Sec.1 [2.3] is normally not considered applicable for conventional production and storage units,
as the survival condition will be the governing condition. For units intend to disconnect and move from location in case of extreme
weather like e.g. hurricanes, such operational condition shall be evaluated.
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4.2.2 Design loads are given in Sec.2 for the different design conditions. Non-linear correction as defined in
Sec.2 [3.9.3] shall be considered, as applicable.
4.2.3 Green sea pressure
For sides of superstructure and deckhouses structure the external pressure PSI as specified in DNV-RU-SHIP
Pt.3 Ch.4 Sec.5 [3.3.1], shall include a wave factor fSI-uls as follows:
fSI-uls= fwv-uls
For end bulkheads of superstructure and deckhouses structures the external pressure PA as specified in DNV-
RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.4 Sec.5 [3.4.1], shall include a wave factor fA-uls as follows:
— for fwv-uls< 1.0, fA-uls = fwv-uls
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— for 1.0 < fwv-uls< 1.2, fA-uls = 2.5fwv-uls-1.5
Chapter 2 Section 7
— for fwv-uls>1.2, fA-uls = 1.5
fwv-uls is given in Sec.2 [3.4.1].
For units operating at benign waters, see Sec.1 [2.4.1], with unrestricted transit, see Sec.1 [2.2.1], the PSL
and PA shall be according to DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.4 Sec.5 [3.3.1] and DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.4 Sec.5 [3.4.1]
respectively.
4.2.4 Slamming and impact pressure
Slamming and impact pressure loads shall be based on the prescriptive rule pressure requirements in DNV-
RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.10, with the following additional requirements:
— The bow impact pressure load given in the DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.10 Sec.1 [2] shall include a wave factor
fFB-uls as follows:
fFB-uls = fWv-uls, where fwv-uls is given in Sec.2 [3.4.1] for midship.
— The stern slamming pressure load given in the DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.10 Sec.3 [2] shall include a wave
factor fSS-uls as follows:
fSS-uls = fWv-uls, where fwv-uls is given in Sec.2 [3.4.1] for midship.
For units operating at benign waters, seeSec.1 [2.4.2], with unrestricted transit, see Sec.1 [2.2.1], the
values for bow impact pressure given in DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.10 Sec.1 [2] and stern slamming pressure
given in DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.10 Sec.3 [2] shall be used.
4.3 Design load scenarios and design load combinations
4.3.1 For FLNG units, the tank loading combinations shall be specially considered. For FPSOs typical hull
arrangement is present in Figure 2, with load combinations in Table 2 and Table 3, depending of actual tank
configuration. The turret system and topside structure arrangement shall be considered, and the loads from
these structures shall be considered in the FE-analyses, as applicable.
4.3.2 The inertia forces from topside structure and turret shall follow the dynamic EDW load cases similar to
those for the hull structure, and combined together with the dynamic load cases present in [4.3.3].
4.3.3 For units with two longitudinal oil tank bulkheads, the load cases that shall be checked are given in
Table 2. Both static + dynamic (S+D) and static (S) design load scenarios shall be checked for each load
combinations, except load conditions A8a and A8b which are static test conditions. For symbols used in the
tables, see [1.1.2].
For the load combinations where target vertical stillwater shear force, 100%Qsw, is required, the highest
value within the actual partship FE-area shall be applied.
Extreme tank filling configuration filling and/or with low draught and large trim related to inspection and
maintenance condition specified in Sec.1 [2.5] shall be analysed, if applicable.
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Table 2 Load combinations for FE analyses - oil storage units with two oil tight longitudinal
bulkheads - transit and survival conditions
Chapter 2 Section 7
Foremost area
No. Draft Aftmost area Midship area
Internal turret system No or external turret
Sagging
0.9
100%Msw Qsw 100%Msw Qsw 100%Msw Qsw 100%Msw Qsw
TSC
A1 1)
HSM-1, FSM-1,
HSM-1, FSM-1, HSM-1, FSM-1, BSP-1PS,
HSM-1, BSP-1PS BSP-1PS, BSR-1PS,
BSP-1PS BSR-1PS, OSA-2PS, OST-1PS
OSA-2PS, OST-1PS
Hogging
Sagging
0.9
TSC 100%Msw Qsw 100%Msw Qsw 100%Msw Qsw 100%Msw Qsw
A2 1)
HSM-1, FSM-1, HSM-1, BSR-1PS,
HSM-1, OSA-2PS HSM-1, OSA-2PS
BSR-1PS, OST-1PS BSP-1PS
Hogging
100%Msw Qsw
HSM-2, FSM-1,
HSM-2, FSM-2, N/A N/A
FSM-2, OSA-1PS
BSR-1PS, BSP-1PS
1)
For unit's where the lengths of cargo tanks are less than 0.15L, the draught of 1.0TSC should be used.
0.65
A3a N/A
TSC
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Foremost area
Chapter 2 Section 7
No. Draft Aftmost area Midship area
Internal turret system No or external turret
Sagging
Hogging
100%Msw 100%Qsw
N/A
HSM-2, FSM-2
Sagging
Hogging
0.6 Sagging
A4
TSC
100%Msw Qsw 100%Msw Qsw 50%Msw Qsw 50%Msw Qsw
HSM-1, BSR-1PS,
HSM-1, BSP-1PS N/A N/A
BSP-1PS, OSA-2PS
Hogging
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Foremost area
Chapter 2 Section 7
No. Draft Aftmost area Midship area
Internal turret system No or external turret
HSM-2, FSM-1,
FSM-1, BSP-1PS,
BSP-1PS, FSM-1, BSP-1PS, OSA-2PS
OSA-2PS
OSA-1PS, OSA-2PS
Sagging
HSM-1,
0.65 HSM-1 HSM-1 HSM-1
A5a HSM-2, FSM-1
TSC
100% Msw Qsw
N/A N/A N/A
BSP-1PS
Hogging
CBM-LC CSF-LC
Sagging
0.65 0%Msw 100%Qsw
A5b N/A
TSC
HSM-1, HSM-2
0%Msw Qsw
BSP-1PS, BSR-1PS
Hogging
100%Msw 100%Qsw
HSM-2, FSM-2
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Foremost area
Chapter 2 Section 7
No. Draft Aftmost area Midship area
Internal turret system No or external turret
0.6
A6
TSC Hogging
HSM-2, FSM-1,
HSM-2, BSR-1PS,
BSR-1PS, BSP-1PS, OSA-2PS OSA-1PS
BSP-1PS, OSA-1PS
OSA-1PS
Sagging
Hogging
HSM-2, FSM-1, HSM-2, FSM-2, BSR-1PS,
BSP-1PS, BSP-1PS, OST-2PS,
BSR-1PS, OSA-1PS OSA-1PS, OSA-2PS
Sagging
Hogging
HSM-2, FSM-1, HSM-2, FSM-2, BSR-1PS,
BSP-1PS, BSP-1PS, OST-2PS, N/A N/A
BSR-1PS, OSA-1PS OSA-1PS, OSA-2PS
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Foremost area
Chapter 2 Section 7
No. Draft Aftmost area Midship area
Internal turret system No or external turret
0.33
A8a
TSC
Tank test condition AC-III - No adjustment for stillwater bending moments and shear forces required
0.33
A8b
TSC
Tank test condition AC-III - No adjustment for stillwater bending moments and shear forces required
4.3.4 For units with one longitudinal centreline oil tank bulkhead, the load cases that shall be checked are
given in Table 3. Both static + dynamic (S+D) and static (S) design load scenarios shall be checked for each
load combinations, except load conditions B6a and B6b which are static test conditions. For symbols used in
the tables, see [1.1.2].
For the load combinations where target vertical stillwater shear force, 100%Qsw, is required, the highest
value within the actual partship FE-area shall be applied.
Extreme tank filling configuration filling and/or with low draught and large trim related to inspection and
maintenance condition specified in Sec.1 [2.5].
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Table 3 Load combinations for FE analyses - oil storage units with one centreline longitudinal oil
tight bulkhead
Chapter 2 Section 7
Permissible stillwater loads
Dynamic load cases (EDW)
No. Draft
Foremost area
Aftmost area Midship area
Internal turret system No or external turret
Sagging
0.9 TSC
1) 100%Msw Qsw 100%Msw Qsw 100%Msw Qsw 100%Msw Qsw
B1
HSM-1, FSM-1,
HSM-1, HSA-1, BSP-1PS HSM-1, BSP-1PS, OSA-2PS
BSP-1PS, BSR-1PS
Hogging
Sagging
Hogging
100%
Qsw 100% Msw Qsw
Msw
N/A N/A
HSM-2, BSP-1PS, HSM-2, FSM-2, BSR-1S,
OSA-1PS BSP-1S, OST-2S
1)
For unit's where the lengths of cargo tanks are less than 0.15L, the draught of 1.0TSC should be used.
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Permissible stillwater loads
Chapter 2 Section 7
Dynamic load cases (EDW)
No. Draft
Foremost area
Aftmost area Midship area
Internal turret system No or external turret
Sagging
2) 2)
100%Msw QswQsw 0%Msw 100%Qsw
N/A
HSM-1, FSM-1
0.9 TSC
1)
B3a 100%Msw Qsw 100%Msw Qsw
N/A
HSM-1, BSP-1S, OSA-2PS
Hogging
2) 2)
100%Msw 100%Qsw 100%Msw 100%Qsw
HSM-2 HSM-2, FSM-2
N/A
100%Msw Qsw 100%Msw Qsw
BSP-1PS
1)
For unit's where the lengths of cargo tanks are less than 0.15L, the draught of 1.0TSC should be used.
Sagging Sagging
2) 2)
100%Msw 100%Qsw 100%Msw 100%Qsw
HSM-1, FSM-1 HSM-1, FSM-1
0.9 TSC
1) 100%Msw Qsw N/A 100%Msw Qsw
B3b
BSP-1PS,
BSP-1PS
OST-1PS, OSA-2PS
Hogging Hogging
2) 2)
100%Msw 100%Qsw 0%Msw QswQsw
HSM-2, FSM-2 HSM-2
BSP-1PS, OSA-1PS BSP-1PS, OSA-2PS
1)
For unit's where the lengths of cargo tanks are less than 0.15L, the draught of 1.0TSC should be used.
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Permissible stillwater loads
Chapter 2 Section 7
Dynamic load cases (EDW)
No. Draft
Foremost area
Aftmost area Midship area
Internal turret system No or external turret
Sagging
B4 0.6 TSC
100%Msw 75%Qsw
N/A N/A
HSM-1, BSP-1P, OSA-2PS
Hogging
HSM-2, BSP-1PS, N/A
BSP-1PS, OSA-2PS
OSA-1PS
Sagging
B5 0.6 TSC
100%Msw 75%Qsw
N/A N/A
HSM-1, BSP-1S, OSA-2PS
Hogging
HSM-2, BSP-1PS, N/A
BSP-1PS, OSA-2PS
OSA-1PS
B6a 0.6 TSC
Sagging
100%Qsw 2) 2) 2)
0%Msw 2) 100%Msw 100%Qsw 0%Msw 100%Qsw 0%Msw 100%Qsw
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Permissible stillwater loads
Chapter 2 Section 7
Dynamic load cases (EDW)
No. Draft
Foremost area
Aftmost area Midship area
Internal turret system No or external turret
2)
100%Msw Qsw 100%Msw 100%Qsw 100%Msw Qsw
N/A
BSP-1PS OSA-2PS
Hogging
100%Qsw 2) 2) 2)
100%Msw 2) 0%Msw 100%Qsw 100%Msw 100%Qsw 100%Msw 100%Qsw
Sagging
2)
0%Msw 100%Qsw
B6b 0.6 TSC N/A
HSM-1
Hogging
2)
100%Msw 100%Qsw
HSM-2
100%Msw Qsw
HSA-2, BSR-1PS
0.33
B7a
TSC
Tank test condition AC-III - No adjustment for stillwater bending moments and shear forces required
0.33
B7b
TSC
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Permissible stillwater loads
Chapter 2 Section 7
Dynamic load cases (EDW)
No. Draft
Foremost area
Aftmost area Midship area
Internal turret system No or external turret
Tank test condition AC-III - No adjustment for stillwater bending moments and shear forces required
4.4 Strength assessment
4.4.1 Part ship FE-analyses for the areas shown within dotted boxes in Figure 2 are required, with load
combinations given in Table 2 and Table 3, as applicable.
Transition areas, i.e. areas where there are changes in main load bearing structure, e.g. reduction in
longitudinal bulkheads, change from longitudinal to vertical shell stiffening, shall be covered in the FE-
analyses.
In the fore - and aft-ship areas local loads as sea pressure, impact and green sea pressure, in addition to
hull girder shear force are governing. Hull girder moment is normally small and may be excluded, unless an
external turret is placed in front of the unit. The strength control shall be carried out using prescriptive rule
requirements given in DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.10, together with FE calculations as found relevant.
Guidance note:
Additional cut-outs in the fore- and aft-ship areas due to cabling and piping are often made toward end of the project. Hence, it is
important at the design stage to have spare structural capacity to allow for additional cut-outs and openings.
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Chapter 2 Section 7
Figure 2 Typical hull areas to be analysed for production and storage units
4.4.2 The shear force correction should be considered for units (FPSO/FSO) with conventional tank
arrangement as following:
QR = total vertical hull girder shear force capacity in KN
-1
qvi‐gr = unit shear flow for hull girder vertical shear force, in mm , for the plate i based on gross
thickness ti-gr, in mm
ti‐gr‐eff = effective gross thickness of plate i, in mm, accounting for tsfi-gr and tsti-gr
tsfi‐gr = effective gross plate thickness accounting for shear force correction from the bottom structure
according to CSR rules for bulk carriers and oil tankers Ch.5 Sec.1 [3.4.1], where net scantlings
used in the formulas to be replaced with gross thickness
tsti‐gr = effective gross plate thickness accounting for shear force correction due to loads from transverse
bulkhead stringers according to CSR rules for bulk carriers and oil tankers Ch.5 Sec.1 [2.4.1],
where net scantlings used in the formulas to be replaced with gross thickness
τi‐perm = permissible hull girder shear stress for plate given in CSR rules for bulk carriers and oil tankers
Ch.5 Sec.1, to be replaced with permissible gross shear stress for plate according to DNV-RU-
SHIP Pt.3 Ch.5 Sec.2, i.e τi-perm= 110/k.
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All parameters used for shear force correction calculation in CSR rules for bulk carriers and oil tankers should
Chapter 2 Section 7
be based on gross scantlings.
Guidance note:
The prescriptive requirements may be omitted provided part ship element analysis including all loading conditions given in [4.3.3]
are considered, and strength capacity documented.
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4.4.3 Limit curves for harbour conditions as given in DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.5 Sec.2 [1.7] and DNV-RU-SHIP
Pt.3 Ch.5 Sec.2 [2.3] may be omitted, but relevant limit curves for inspection and maintenance conditions
may be applicable.
4.4.4 Local finite element analyses
Local analyses for the topside interface areas as listed below are normally required. Other details may be
required to be analysed based on the topside arrangement and complexity.
— topside stools and support for heavy topside structure
— turret support and interface structure, see also Sec.2 [3.11]
— crane pedestal foundation and flare tower support structure, see Sec.5 [7.8]
— riser interface and fairlead support structure.
The analyses may be performed using separate FE-models, where the loads from the topside structure are
combined with global hull girder stresses and local tank pressure as found relevant.
4.5 Fatigue assessment
4.5.1 Adequate fatigue capacity shall be documented in accordance with the principles given in Sec.4.
4.5.2 Full time operation at location shall be considered, i.e. total fraction of time at sea, f0, of 1.0. The
fraction of time in transit condition may be omitted if the estimated time in transit is lower than 5% of the
unit's design life time.
Guidance note:
Fraction of time of 0.5 in fully loaded condition and 0.5 in ballast condition may be considered for the fatigue calculations, unless
otherwise documented. A partial loaded condition should be considered if the difference in the drafts between fully loaded condition
and ballast condition exceed 8 m, where the fraction of time at each draft of 0.33 may be applied unless otherwise documented.
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5 Cylindrical units
5.1 Basic strength requirements
5.1.1 General
Cylindrical units shall follow the principles for ship-shaped units given in this standard with considerations
given in this subsection, or alternatively DNV-OS-C101.
5.1.2 Definition of terms for a cylindrical unit
Specific terms used for cylindrical units are given in Table 4, and shown in Figure 3.
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Table 4 Definition of terms for a cylindrical unit
Chapter 2 Section 7
Term Definition
bilge box damping box structure arrangement extended outside side shell to reduce the units motion
response
Figure 3 Definitions of structural elements for a typical cylindrical FPSO unit
5.1.3 Design conditions and design scenarios
Design conditions and design scenarios given in Sec.1 [3], using the working stress design method design
method as specified in Sec.1 [1.2.1], shall be used.
5.1.4 Arrangement
The requirements to arrangement are given in Sec.1 [4], as applicable.
5.1.5 Material and inspection principles
The requirements to material class for structural members are given in Table 5.
The requirements to inspection and NDT scope for structural members are given in Table 6.
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Guidance note:
Chapter 2 Section 7
For unconventional designs the material class and inspection category plans may deviate from Table 5 and Table 6.
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Table 5 Material class for typical structural members relevant for cylindrical units
Material
Structural member Material class
category
Area for the support structures shall as a minimum extend 0.5 m surrounding the connection, but it may be required to
be extended, based on girder arrangement or stress level.
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Table 6 NDT scope for hull and offshore interface structure relevant for cylindrical units
Chapter 2 Section 7
1)
Inspection Test method
Inspection member
category MT/PT RT/UT
II — Radial and transverse bulkhead intersections to strength Butt and T-joints, full 5% 5%
deck plate, bottom plate, stringers. pen. 5% -
— Stiffeners in side shell connected to radial frames and T-joints, partly pen. - -
bulkheads in a region of 0.05 D above full load draft to 0.05 Fillet welds.
D below ballast draught.
— Shipboard crane pedestal.
— Hull structure support where the weight of equipment > 10
ton.
— Main structures in drillfloor
— Main supporting structures (substructure) for helideck
pancake.
— Riser balcony and pull in structure.
— Shipboard crane pedestal supports.
— offshore crane pedestal (for vertical welds the extent may be
reduced to 50%).
— Hull support structures of heavy machinery and equipment
typically thrusters, gantry and rails, winches, davits, towing
brackets, hawser winch, etc.
— Davits and support of appliances for lifesaving equipments.
— Topside support stools and main supporting structures.
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Chapter 2 Section 7
5.1.6 Net scantling and corrosion protection
The net scantling approach and corrosion addition shall follow the principles described in Sec.1 [6]
5.1.7 Design loads
The relevant static and dynamic loads are specified below:
5.1.7.1 Static loads
The relevant permanent and variable functional static loads are:
— mass of the steel of the unit including permanently installed modules and equipment, such as
accommodation, helicopter deck, cranes, drilling equipment, flare and production equipment
— hydrostatic pressures resulting from buoyancy
— crude oil, fuel oil and ballast water
— mud, brine and drill water
— consumables and personnel
— general cargo
— riser tension and mooring forces.
Hydrostatic sea pressure shall be based on actual drafts for ballast and fully loaded conditions.
Static pressure due to liquid in the tanks includes, considering overfilling and tank testings shall be
considered. Actual cargo tank liquid density may be used for normal operations, while the density of water ρL
3
of 1.025 t/m shall be used for the tank testing.
5.1.7.2 Dynamic loads
Relevant dynamic loads are:
— External dynamic sea pressure shall be calculated using linear wave load analyses based on the principles
given in Sec.2 [3.9]. The wave heading profiles and wave directions should be specially evaluated for each
project.
— Additional drag loads on damping box shall be calculated using drag elements in the linear wave load
analyses. The forces shall be calibrated and verified by model tests.
— Motion and accelerations shall be calculated using linear wave load analyses. Additional damping shall be
specially evaluated and calibrated from model tests.
— Internal tank pressure considering:
— Dynamic tank pressure:
—
where
— ρL is the density of tank liquid
— aZ is the vertical acceleration in the centre of the tank considered
— ztop is the z coordinate of the highest point of tank, see DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.4 Sec.6 [1]
— z is the height of the from tank bottom to the load point considered
— Sloshing and liquid impact of loads shall be based on the formulas given in DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.10
Sec.4.
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— Local bow impact and green sea pressure shall be based on model tests.
Chapter 2 Section 7
Guidance note:
— Model test specification should be made in ample time prior to the model test campaign. All relevant aspects should be
addressed, e.g. purpose of the test(s), test set up, selection of sea states and number of tests for each sea condition.
— The model test report should include the same information as the specification. Deviations from the specification should be
addressed. Possible uncertainties and sources of errors should be included and discussed when presenting the results.
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5.1.8 Combination of loads
— Hydrostatic sea pressure and external sea dynamic sea pressure shall be combined for ballast and full
load conditions, and combined with internal tank pressure. The external sea pressure shall be calculated
for waves at different directions and positions, as found relevant. E.g. maximum dynamic sea pressure at
front side and zero at back side, and maximum sea pressure at the centre (bottom).
— Internal tank pressure shall consider static and dynamic tank pressure, including dynamic over pressure.
All relevant internal tank filling configurations shall be considered and combined with external design
waves at different wave directions, and for different wave positions.
— Loads from topside shall additionally be included, as applicable.
Figure 4 Example design waves and design wave directions combined with internal tank filling for
a cylindrical storage unit
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Chapter 2 Section 7
5.1.9 Design conditions and design load scenarios
The design conditions and design load scenarios are given in Table 7.
Table 7 Design conditions and design load scenarios for a cylindrical storage unit
Design load Acceptance
Limit state Design load scenario Load type 1)
condition criteria
Load scenario 1: static
Transit and
survival
Maximum static loads without any dynamic
ULS Inspection Static AC-I
loads.
and
maintenance
Load scenario 2: normal operation - transit seagoing or site specific
operation
Transit or Static and dynamic loads from transit condition
ULS 2) Static + dynamic AC-II
survival or survival condition, as applicable.
Transit or
ULS 2) Impact Impact loads like slamming or bow impact. AC-IV
survival
Transit or
ULS 2) Sloshing Sloshing in tanks for seagoing condition. AC-I
survival
Transit and
FLS Fatigue Fatigue design load scenario. -
survival
Load scenario 3: flow through ballast water exchange
Transit or Static and dynamic loads from transit condition
ULS 2) Static + dynamic AC-II
survival or survival condition, as applicable.
Load scenario 4: overfilling of ballast water tanks and testing
3)
ALS Accidental Accidental Overfilling of ballast tanks through air pipe. AC-III
3)
ALS Accidental Testing Tank testing of liquid tanks. AC-III
Load scenario 5: flooding
Load scenario 6: special operations
Special operation at location as described in
ULS Operation Static AC-I
Sec.1 [2.3], considering static loads.
Load scenario 7: special operations
Special operation at location as described in
ULS Operation Static + dynamic Sec.1 [2.3], considering static and dynamic AC-II
loads.
Single defined transit route from shipyard to
ULS Single transit Static + dynamic specified operation location as described in AC-II
Sec.1 [2.6].
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1) See DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.1 Sec.2 [5.4] for applicable acceptance criteria.
Chapter 2 Section 7
2) Transit or site specific condition, as governing.
3) In case auto-pump cut-off systems is installed (high level and high-high level with automatic stop of pumps), the
pressure height may be taken to the cut-out pressure head.
5.1.10 Hull local scantling
5.1.10.1 General
The requirements to hull local scantlings are given in Sec.3 [3].
The hull girder longitudinal stress σhg in the formulas for the permissible plate and bending coefficients Ca
and Cs in DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.6, shall be replaced with nominal equivalent stress (von Mises stress) from
the global strength analyses in [5.1.11].
Guidance note:
In an early design phase the σhg of 100 MPa may be used.
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The coefficients for plate and stiffeners to be used for cylindrical units in the formulas in DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3
Ch.6 are given in Table 8 and Table 9.
Table 8 Plates, definition of βa, αa and Ca-max
Table 9 Stiffeners, definition of βs, αs and Cs-max
5.1.10.2 Structural elements exposed to bow impact pressure
Plate, stiffeners and primary supporting members exposed to impact pressure shall follow the strength
requirements given in DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.10 Sec.1 [3].
5.1.10.3 Structural elements in tanks exposed to sloshing and liquid impact
Structural members in tanks exposed to sloshing and bow impact shall follow the strength requirements
given in DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.10 Sec.4 [3].
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Chapter 2 Section 7
5.1.11 Global strength
The global strength check shall be based on finite element strength analyses according to the principles given
in Sec.3 [4.2] and Sec.3 [4.4].
5.1.12 Fatigue assessment
Fatigue shall follow the principles given in Sec.4. Stochastic fatigue analyses using wave loads from
fully loaded and ballast draft conditions shall be carried out, see method 3b given in Sec.4 Table 1, with
acceptance criteria given in Sec.4 [1.3].
Global fatigue screening using a stress concentration factor (SCF) of 1.6 with S-N curve D, or alternatively
screening using S-N curve F3. In addition local FE fatigue analyses shall be carried out for the interface
connections between side shell and bilge box structure.
6 Conversion of units
6.1 Scope
6.1.1 Conversion is defined as a modification that substantially alters the main dimensions, watertight
subdivision, carrying capacity, engine power or changes of unit type.
6.1.2 The principles given in DNV-CG-0156 shall in general be used, together with the requirements listed
below.
6.1.3 The unit for conversion shall have been designed, built and surveyed according to the requirements of
a recognized classification society.
6.1.4 Prior to conversion the unit shall be surveyed to:
— identify steel wastage by thickness measurements
— identify fatigue cracks or damages
— evaluate general structural condition of the unit.
Any findings shall be taken into account in the design appraisal.
6.1.5 Major changes of the unit's main parameters such as e.g. lengthening or conversion to another unit
type, will normally require new global and local scantling checks.
6.1.6 New permissible stillwater bending and shear force limit curves for all operational modes shall be
provided as part of an updated loading manual, and the loading instrument when relevant.
6.2 Material, extent of non-destructive testing and tank testing
6.2.1 Renewed structural materials shall be replaced with the material of same or greater scantling with the
same or higher material grade.
6.2.2 All new structures shall as a minimum comply with the requirements given in Sec.1. Inspection of
welds of new load bearing structure to existing structure, e.g. hull reinforcements, shall as a minimum be
carried out according to inspection category II, see Sec.1 [5.1.1].
6.2.3 Tank testing of existing tanks which have undergone minor modifications, may be omitted on a case by
case evaluation.
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Chapter 2 Section 7
6.3 Hull strength
6.3.1 Existing hull structure prior to conversion is accepted as is, provided any steel wastage from corrosion
is within the minimum thickness list provided as a tanker (net scantling), and possible fatigue cracks or any
other hull defects are repaired.
If existing loading conditions do not cover all new loading configurations, or tanks are filled with liquid of
higher density than used as basis for the original strength approval, the structure shall be checked according
to the strength requirements in Sec.3 [3].
6.3.2 For units intended for operation at harsh environment areas, see Sec.1 [2.4.2], additional nominal hull
girder strength check according to Sec.3 [2] shall be performed.
6.3.3 All new structure and existing hull structure supporting new equipment, shall comply with the
requirement in this standard. This will typically include, but is not limited to:
— new bulkheads
— installation of turret or mooring arrangement
— modification of super-structure
— installation of topside modules and equipments
— installation of helideck, lifeboat davits, cranes, etc.
6.4 Topside and topside interface to hull structure
6.4.1 Topside structure shall be calculated according to Sec.6.
6.4.2 Topside interface to hull structure shall be calculated according to Sec.2 [3.11].
6.4.3 The following approach should be taken to evaluate the suitability of the hull structure for the expected
topside loads:
— Determine the condition of the unit with respect to corrosion and cracks.
— Identify the weight of the topside loads.
— Identify positions of topside modules and strength of hull support structure.
— Uplift of the topside structure may introduce high tensile stresses perpendicular to the plate of the deck
plate and replacing existing plate with z-quality steel may be required.
— Due to increase of stress level and fatigue, existing fillet welds between transverse frame/bulkhead and
deck plate may need to be increased, or replaced with full penetration welds, when topside support
structure is mounted.
6.5 Fatigue calculation
6.5.1 General
Accumulated and future fatigue damage shall be evaluated in accordance with Sec.4. The following shall be
taken into account:
— results from survey and previous repair history
— service history of the unit
— duration and environmental conditions for the new site specific location.
Previous repair and crack damage history should be considered in the total fatigue evaluation, in order to
minimized potential fatigue failures in future operation.
The fatigue calculation methods described in Sec.4 [1.2] shall be used for the fatigue calculation.
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The corrosion addition principles as given in Sec.1 [6.1.1] shall be applied for the fatigue calculations.
Chapter 2 Section 7
6.5.2 Previous trading
Fatigue damage calculation from historical trading (D1) shall be calculated, using trading route history, or
using world wide scatter diagram if the tanker trading history not is available.
Design fatigue factor (DFF1)=1 may be applied for the previous trading phase, provided the that all areas
have been inspected in the past trading or inspected during the conversion. Otherwise, the DFFs as specified
in Sec.4 [1.3.2] shall be applied.
Gross scantlings and SN curves for air may be applied for the past trading period (no time in corrosive
environment), provided the paint and corrosion protection system is intact.
For structure that is renewed and inspected (NDT), the historical fatigue damage may be excluded, and only
the fatigue damage calculation for future operation shall be considered.
6.5.3 Future operation
Minimum 10 years fatigue life should be applied for the future operation (TDO).
Design fatigue factors (DFF2) as specified in Sec.4 [1.3.2] shall be used in the fatigue damage calculation for
future operation (D2). The time in corrosive environment (TC) shall be calculated according to the principles
given in DNV-CG-0129 Sec.3 [3.6], where:
Design fatigue life TDF = Previous trading time (TDT) + future operation time (TDO). TD = 25 years.
TC,25 according to DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.9 Sec.4 [4.4].
6.5.4 Areas to be calculated
Fatigue sensitive details in existing hull structure and new structures shall be documented to validate
sufficient fatigue strength. Details given in Sec.4 [1.4] to be considered.
Guidance note:
For conversion of tankers to production and/or storage units intended to operate in harsh environment areas, the ratio between
side shell plate thickness and the stiffener spacing should not be less than 1/46 due to plate fatigue.
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6.5.5 Design fatigue factors and acceptable fatigue damage
Fatigue damage considering relevant DFF for previous trading and future operation are given in Table 10.
Table 10 Design fatigue factors for past trading and future operation phases
The calculated total fatigue damage should be less than 1.0. However, upon special consideration larger
fatigue damage may be accepted providing the following is considered:
Items relevant for total fatigue evaluation Explanation
None or few fatigue cracks are reported for the past trading Conservative assumptions used in the fatigue calculation
history. method.
Calculated fatigue damage for future operation is low. Dynamic loads are small for new location compared with
dynamic loads used as basis for the past tanker trading.
Low possibility for future cracks at location.
Inspection program is created or extended. Details in areas with fatigue damage > 1 are inspected
more frequently. Possible fatigue cracks will be discovered
and stooped before found critical.
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Criticality of possible cracks is low. Possible cracks appear in areas not found critical for hull
Chapter 2 Section 7
strength, not lead to leakage, and will likely not continue
further crack propagation after initiation is discovered.
7 Life time extension
7.1 Scope
7.1.1 This subsection describes life time fatigue calculations for units intended to continue operation at the
existing location, above the basic original design fatigue life.
7.1.2 For units that shall operate at a new location, the requirements given in [8] apply.
7.1.3 Any new structures or modifications shall comply with the requirements given in given in [6].
7.1.4 Renewal of steels shall be of same or greater scantlings as existing, and of the same or higher material
grade.
7.1.5 Prior to the life time extension the unit should be surveyed to:
— identify steel wastage by thickness measurements
— identify fatigue cracks or damages
— evaluate general structural condition of the unit.
Any findings shall be taken into account in the life time extension appraisal.
7.2 Fatigue calculations
7.2.1 The calculated fatigue damage (D1) for past trading, the fatigue damage for past time in operation
(D2) and the fatigue damage for future operation (D3) at the specific location shall be added together. World
wide scatter diagram may be used for the historical trading history, if no other information is available.
7.2.2 The fatigue calculation methods described in Sec.4 [1.2] shall be used for the fatigue calculation.
7.2.3 Gross scantlings and SN curves for air may be applied for the past trading and the past operation
phases, provided the paint and corrosion protection system is intact. For structures that are renewed and
inspected (NDT), the historical fatigue damage may be excluded, and only the fatigue damage calculation
from future operation shall be considered.
7.2.4 The time in corrosive environment (TC) shall be calculated according to the principles given in DNV-
CG-0129 Sec.3 [4], where:
Design fatigue life TDF = Previous trading/operation time (TDT) + future operation time (TDO).
TD = 25 years, and TC,25 according to DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.9 Sec.4 [4.4].
7.2.5 Fatigue sensitive details given in Sec.4 [1.4] shall be evaluated with respect to fatigue.
7.2.6 For historical trading and operation prior to the life time extension, design fatigue factors (DFF1, DFF2)
of 1.0 may be applied, provided all areas have been inspected in the past trading/operation, or inspected
during the life time extension. Otherwise, the DFFs as specified in Sec.4 [1.3.2] shall be applied. For the
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extended operation (DFF3), the DFFs specified in Sec.4 [1.3.2] are applicable. For evaluation of details where
Chapter 2 Section 7
calculated total fatigue damage is below 1.0, see [6.5.5].
Table 11 Design fatigue factors for trading, past operation and future operation
Operation phase
Previous trade Total fatigue damage
Past operation Future operation
8 Redeployment of units
For redeployment of a unit where the new location is more severe than the existing location, a hull strength
assessment according to Sec.3, and an assessment of support of topside modules and heavy equipment
according to Sec.2 [3.11] and Sec.5 [4] shall be carried out.
The principles for fatigue shall follow the requirements given for lifetime extension in [7].
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CHAPTER 3 CLASSIFICATION AND CERTIFICATION
Chapter 3 Section 1
SECTION 1 CLASSIFICATION AND CERTIFICATION REQUIREMENTS
1 General
1.1 Introduction
1.1.1 As well as representing the Society’s recommendations on safe engineering practice for general use by
the offshore industry, the offshore standards also provide the technical basis for the Society's classification,
certification and verification services.
1.1.2 This section specifies the design documentation, certification, fabrication and survey requirements to
be applied when using this standard for certification and classification purposes.
1.1.3 The requirements to stability and watertight integrity are given in DNV-OS-C301.
1.1.4 A complete description of principles, procedures, applicable class notations and technical basis for
offshore classification is given by the DNV rules for classification of offshore units as listed in Table 1.
Table 1 DNV rules for classification - offshore units
Document code Title
DNV-RU-OU-0101 Offshore drilling and support units
DNV-RU-OU-0102 Floating production, storage and loading units
DNV-RU-OU-0103 Floating LNG/LPG production, storage and loading units
1.2 Application
1.2.1 The Society may accept alternative solutions found to represent an overall safety level equivalent to
the requirements given in Ch.2 of this standard.
1.2.2 Any deviations and exceptions to the design codes and standards given as recognised reference codes
shall be approved by the Society.
1.2.3 Conversions shall follow the specifications given in Ch.2 Sec.7 [6].
1.3 Basic hull classification scope
1.3.1 The basic classification requirements for the hull strength are given in Ch.2 of this standard.
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Guidance note:
Chapter 3 Section 1
The following is not covered by the scope of classification unless specially agreed.
— Topside structures, derrick structure, offloading equipment, pipe rack structure, independent tanks, etc. These structures
are part of the Society class scope when additional class notations are requested (e.g. PROD, DRILL), see DNV rules for
classification of offshore units as listed in [1.1.4] for description of class notations.
— Railways and trolley beams for transport of equipment.
— Access platforms, stairs and ladders.
— Lifting lugs.
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1.4 Documentation requirements
1.4.1 The documentation for structure that shall be submitted to the Society for the main class notation 1A
and OI are given in DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.1 Sec.3 [2.2]. In addition, the documentation specified in Table
2 shall be submitted. For each project a project specific documentation list will be prepared by the Society
in collaboration with the designer and/or owner, and that list may deviate from the generic lists provided in
DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.1 Sec.3 [2.2] and Table 2.
For cylindrical units the documentation requirement list shall be prepared for each unit.
The following status codes are used in Table 2,Table 3, Table 6, and Table 8 :
TA = type approval
AP = for approval
FI = for information.
Descriptions and definitions of the documentation types are given in DNV-CG-0550.
Table 2 Additional documentation to be submitted for offshore ship-shaped units - hull part
Documentation
Function code Object Description/comments Info
type
Z030 - AP
Arrangement plan
C030 - Detailed Fastening of anodes in ballast tanks. AP
drawing
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Documentation
Function code Object Description/comments Info
Chapter 3 Section 1
type
H080 - Structural Aft ship. FI
analysis
H080 - Strength Part ship analysis as requested for the unit types. FI
analysis For details, see Ch.2 Sec.7.
H082 - Longitudinal Scantlings of longitudinal plate and stiffeners. FI
strength analysis
H085 - Fatigue For details, see Ch.2 Sec.4. FI
analysis
H050 - Structural Drawing of support structure including surrounding AP
drawing structure.
H080 - Structural Structural documentation report according to Ch.2 Sec.2 FI
analysis [3.11].
H080 - Structural FI
analysis
H080 - Structural For details, see Ch.2 Sec.5 [7]. FI
analysis
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Chapter 3 Section 1
1.5 Certification requirements
1.5.1 Certification requirements for anchors, anchor windlass, chain stoppers and anchor equipments are
specified in DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.1 Sec.3 [3.1.2].
Guidance note:
Anchor equipment for temporary mooring may be omitted for units without propulsion intended for permanent mooring at site
specific location, or for units with redundant propulsion system, see DNV rules for classification of offshore units listed in [1.1.4]
for details.
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1.5.2 Certification requirements to watertight and weathertight doors and hatches are given in DNV-OS-
C301 Ch.3 Sec.1 [3].
1.5.3 Certification of materials and welding are given in DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.2.
Guidance note:
For doublers used for mounting of outfitting steel to hull structure:
— the material of the doubler when welded to the material category secondary, may be accepted without DNV material
certificates.
— the material of the doubler when welded to the material category primary, non DNV certified material may be accepted upon
special consideration. The material shall then be equivalent to the material it is welded to, and shall be delivered with a 3.1
material certificate.
— the material of the doubler when welded to the material category special, or plates forming boundary to sea, shall be certified
by the Society.
Ladders, grating platform, rails for travelling cranes, etc. are generally accepted without DNV material certificate.
For definitions of material categories, see Ch.2 Sec.1 [5.3].
For definition of material certificates, see e.g. ISO 10474 or NS-EN 10204.
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1.5.4 Descriptions and definitions of the certification requirements are given in DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.1 Ch.3.
1.5.5 For certification requirements of bolts, see DNV-OS-C101 Ch.3 Sec.1 [1.3.3].
2 Additional class notations - structural strength
2.1 Fatigue methodology specification
2.1.1 General
The technical requirements given in this subsection represent extended fatigue specification applicable for the
additional class notation FMS(Y), where Y is the design life in number of years specified for the unit.
The FMS notation is intended for the hull structure including topside and turret interface to hull. The notation
is most relevant for units permanently moored at a specific location, where inspection and possible repairs at
location are more cumbersome compared to units intended for docking.
The calculated fatigue damages give the basis for the quantitative risk based inspection (RBI) evaluation as
part of the class in-service inspection program (IIP) for the unit. For details related to class requirements for
RBI periodical survey requirements, see DNV-RU-OU-0300 Ch.3 Sec.1 [1.2].
2.1.2 Documentation requirements
The following documents shall be submitted for the FMS notation.
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Table 3 Documentation requirements - FMS
Chapter 3 Section 1
Functional
Object Documentation type Description/comments Info
code
H085 - Fatigue analysis See [2.1.3] - [2.1.6]. FI
H080 - Design analysis Documentation report or drawing summing up calculated
fatigue damage results.
H050 - Structural
Allowable SCF map shall be performed for the different FI
drawing
structural main elements (deck, bottom, longitudinal
bulkhead, etc.).
2.1.3 Calculation methods and principles
Stochastic fatigue analysis methodology as described in DNV-CG-0129 Sec.5 shall be applied for the FMS
notation. Either a full stochastic method, a component stochastic method, or a combination of full and
component stochastic methods, see method 3a) and 3b) given in Ch.2 Sec.4 Table 1 shall be used.
The dynamic loads shall be based on direct loads from a linear wave load analysis as described in Ch.2 Sec.2
[3.9.4]. Correction for splash zone according to DNV-CG-0129 Sec.5 [3.4] shall be considered.
Combination of high cyclic wave loads, and slow varying cyclic loads like tank loading, riser loads, mooring
loads, may be performed according to DNV-CG-0129 App.H [7]. For turret interface to hull structure, see
Ch.2 Sec.5 [3.4].
The local dynamic stress range shall be calculated using a fine mesh analysis as described in Ch.2 Sec.3
[4.4]. Selection of positions and number of local stress analyse needed, should be based on a screening
process as described in [2.1.4].
Fraction of time in loaded and ballast condition, time in transit and operation, are given in Ch.2 Sec.7.
2.1.4 Initial screening process
Initial screening process with relevant stress concentration factors (SCFs), using stochastic fatigue methods
specified in Ch.2 Sec.4 Table 1 to identify fatigue critical areas, shall be performed.
The required DFFs given in Table 5 shall be considered during the fatigue screening. The fatigue screening
shall cover the whole cargo hold area, including the turret area, and the transition areas to fore and aft ship
structure. See Ch.2 Sec.7 Figure 2.
Guidance note:
A SCF of 2.25 together with S-N curve D for the screening process, will cover most details.
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2.1.5 Details to be analysed
The details listed in Table 4, in addition to the details listed in Ch.2 Sec.4 Table 4, shall be analysed. The
whole cargo hold area, including the turret area, and the transition areas to fore and aft ship structure shall
be covered, see Ch.2 Sec.7.
Guidance note:
Additional details may be requested to be checked, e.g. areas where the structure is complex, or areas with changes in continuity
of longitudinal members (typically in the fore - and aft ship).
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Table 4 Additional details to be analysed for FMS notation
Chapter 3 Section 1
No Hot spot detail Description
10 Cut outs, penetrations and Cut out, penetrations and openings, typically passageways, access openings,
openings in; ventilation, pipe penetration and cable ducts, MCTs.
— main deck structure Fatigue documentation shall be based on stochastic fatigue method specified in Ch.2
— longitudinal bulkheads Sec.4 Table 1. All relevant cut outs and openings shall be considered. Fine mesh
in structural transition analysis should be performed according to the principles given in DNV-CG-0129 Sec.6
areas, typically in the [2], unless actual SCF for the details can be found tabulated, e.g. DNV-CG-0129
transition to fore and aft App.A
ship structure, see also Allowable SCF map shall be performed for the different structural main elements,
Ch.2 Sec.7 Figure 2 (deck, bottom, longitudinal bulkhead, etc.
— bottom plate, e.g.
caissons
11 Connection of longitudinal As a minimum the following number of stiffener-frame/BHD connections should be
stiffeners to transverse analysed within each area:
frames/BHDs located in the
— 1 detail connection at the main deck
deck, bottom, inner bottom,
— 2 detail connection at the bottom
side and inner side including
connected web stiffener, cut — 2-3 details connections at the side close to full load and ballast drafts
out and collar plate — 2 details connections at each longitudinal bulkheads.
The SCFs defined in DNV-CG-0152 App.A may be applied.
12 Bilge keel Longitudinal end connections shall be analysed. In addition, in case support brackets
are required, see Ch.2 Sec.5 [8.2.1], these shall also be analysed.
SCFs defined in DNV-CG-0129 App.A may be applied.
Hull girder loads, local loads from sea pressure, and drag loads from roll and heave
motion shall be considered.
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Chapter 3 Section 1
2.1.6 Design fatigue factors
Design fatigue factors for the FMS notation are stricter than the generic DFFs as defined in Ch.2 Sec.4
[1.3.2]. Other DFFs than given in Table 5 may be accepted on a case by case evaluation, but shall not be
taken lower than the values given Ch.2 Sec.4 [1.3.2]. Using lower DFF than given in Table 5 for the project
shall be accepted by all involved parties, typically owner, operator and the Society, and will be stated in the
unit's appendix to class certificate.
Table 5 DFFs for structure areas based on inspections and accessibility for inspection and repairs
DFFs when 5-
DFFs when 5-
yearly inspection
Structure Example yearly inspection is
is carried out
carried out afloat.
in dry docking
External structure, accessible for Main deck plate, topside and equipments
regular inspection and repair in dry connections to main deck plate. 2 2
and clean conditions is possible.
External structure where access Side shell and bottom plate, including
for inspection is limited, and where bilge keel, fairlead structure, riser tubes,
2 3
repair in dry and clean conditions deck moonpool corners, turret interface
not is possible. structure.
Internal structure, accessible and Transverse frames, transverse BHD,
not welded directly to submerged longitudinal BHD, stringers, cross ties. 2 2
part.
Internal structure, accessible and Longitudinal, transverse frames,
welded directly to the submerged transverse BHD’s welded to the bottom
2 3
part. plate or side shell plate below the
scantling draft.
Void spaces, sea chests, small
Non-accessible structure, not
cofferdams, and topside supports
planned to be accessible for 1) 1)
with passive fire protection. Structure 5 5
inspection and repairs during
penetrating bottom of the unit, e.g.
operation.
caissons, bottom moonpool corner.
1) Conventional ship-shaped hull structure is normally considered to be redundant, i.e. the structure does not contain
single members or member connections of which failure will have substantial consequences. Novel or unconventional
design may require redundancy evaluation or other justification to demonstrate the consequence of failure.
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Chapter 3 Section 1
Figure 1 Example of DFFs in bottom area for unit with FMS notation and not intended for dry
docking
2.2 FIELD - field specific design
2.2.1 Units designed for one specific location holding the main class notion OI, will be given the class
notation FIELD(qualifier), where the qualifier gives the specific location (field). The field location is the
basis for the dynamic loads as specified in Ch.2 Sec.2 [3.2].
2.2.2 Relevant field location information for the project shall be explained in the following document:
Table 6 Documentation requirements - FIELD
Functional
Object Documentation type Description/comments Info
code
2.3 FAB - fabrication specification
2.3.1 For oil storage and production units permanently moored at harsh environment areas, the FAB
notation is mandatory. The FAB notation may also voluntary be assigned for storage and production units
operating in benign waters, and other ship-shaped unit types.
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The objective of the FAB is to reduce the risk of downtime for the unit due to repairs of weld defects from
Chapter 3 Section 1
the fabrication stage, by increasing the non-destructive testing (NDT) scope during fabrication of the hull
structure. The requirements to NDT given in Table 7 shall be complied with.
2.3.2 The FAB may be further increased by the qualifier +, i.e. FAB(+). The NDT scope shall follow the
column in Table 7 for FAB(+). In addition the fabrication tolerances given in DNV-OS-C401 Ch.2 Sec.6 [11]
shall then be complied with.
Table 7 NDT scope for hull and offshore interface structure - FAB and FAB(+)
1)
Testing method
Inspection
Inspection member Weld connection FAB FAB(+)
category
MT/PT RT/UT MT/PT RT/UT
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1)
Testing method
Chapter 3 Section 1
Inspection
Inspection member Weld connection FAB FAB(+)
category
MT/PT RT/UT MT/PT RT/UT
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1)
Testing method
Chapter 3 Section 1
Inspection
Inspection member Weld connection FAB FAB(+)
category
MT/PT RT/UT MT/PT RT/UT
3)
I — areas where the likelihood of occurrence of — butt and T- 40% 40% 100% 100%
detrimental defects are considered to be joints, full 40% - 100% -
2)
extra high pen
40% - 100% -
— hopper knuckle weld connections of — T-joints,
transverse frames partly pen
— moonpool deck and bottom plates. — fillet welds
500 mm of welds stating/ending in
moonpool opening, measured from end/
starting point. For rectangular moonpool,
the corner strengthening plates weld
connections shall be included.
— foundations and main supporting
structures for offshore crane pedestals
— foundations and main supporting
structures for flare tower, anchor line
fairleads and chain stoppers, riser
fairleads
— main supporting structures for turret
— supporting structures for derrick and
drillfloor
— bilge keel longitudinal terminations, and
support brackets welded to hull plate, see
figures in Ch.2 Sec.5 [8.2]
1) See DNV-RU-SHIP Pt.2 Ch.4 Sec.7 for specifications.
- MT testing shall be applied for ferro-magnetic materials.
2) Welds produced by yards with limit experience of required welding method, or welds produced by high heat input (>
50 KJ/cm).
3) Weld connections within inspection category I shall comply with the following acceptance criteria:
— VT: ISO 5817 level B
— RT: ISO 10675 level 1
— UT: ISO 11666 level 2
— Welds in aluminium: ISO 10042 level C in general. For critical joint connections, ISO 10042 level B may be
required by the Society.
2.3.3 The extended NDT requirements to the FAB and FAB(+) notations shall be reflected in the following
documents:
Table 8 Documentation requirements - FAB and FAB(+)
Functional
Object Documentation type Description/comments Info
code
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Functional
Object Documentation type Description/comments Info
Chapter 3 Section 1
code
2.4 Additional hull girder capacity, Hull(+)
2.4.1 Hull(+) is a voluntary class notation intended for oil storage and production units, requiring additional
longitudinal hull girder capacity control to be carried out for the survival condition.
2.4.2 For the hull strength control in survival condition the 100-year wave loads shall be calculated either
using long-term response analysis given Ch.2 Sec.2 [3.9.2.2], or short term response analysis given Ch.2
Sec.2 [3.9.2.3] with 90% fractal value for all responses. Non-linear effect of vertical wave girder moments
and vertical wave shear forces shall be calculated from a non-linear wave load analysis given in Ch.2 Sec.2
[3.9.3.4], method 1).
2.4.3 Yield and buckling control for the hull girder structural elements, i.e. deck, bottom, inner bottom, side
shell, longitudinal bulkheads, etc., shall be carried out for the full load and ballast conditions as given in Table
10 and Table 11, and in accordance with the unit's tank arrangement. The yield and buckling control shall be
carried out using part ship FE-analyses for the areas as described in Ch.2 Sec.7 [4.3].
The load and acceptance criteria shall be based on the partial safety factor design method described in Ch.2
Sec.1 [1.2.2], using the values given in Table 9 as follow:
where:
Msw‐U and Qsw‐U = the permissible stillwater bending moment and still water shear force at the
transverse section considered for the full load and ballast condition, see Ch.2
Sec.2 [2.2]
Mwv‐Dir‐Uls and Qwv‐Dir‐Uls = direct calculated vertical wave moment and wave shear forces at the transverse
section considered, see Ch.2 Sec.2 [3.4]
PS and PW‐Dir‐ULS = hydrostatic and direct calculated external dynamic sea pressure at the transverse
section considered, see Ch.2 Sec.2 [2.3] and Ch.2 Sec.2 [3.5.1]
PlS and Pld‐Dir‐ULS = static liquid tank pressure and direct calculated dynamic liquid tank pressure at
the transverse section considered, see Ch.2 Sec.2 [2.3] and Ch.2 Sec.2 [3.6]
RS and Rd‐Dir‐ULS = static and dynamic topside reaction loads acting at the hull structure at the
transverse section considered, see Ch.2 Sec.2 [3.11].
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Table 9 Load and utilisation factors for the Hull(+) notation
Chapter 3 Section 1
Load factor
Static load Dynamic load
Limit Design load component component Allowable utilisation
Description
state condition factor, ηall and λyperm
Msw, Qsw Mvw-Dir-ULS, Qvw-Dir-ULS
PS, PlS PW-Dir-ULS, Pld-Dir-ULS
RS Rd-Dir-ULS
Guidance note:
Compliance with the main class scope of this standard together with the addition class notation Hull(+) is considered to cover the
hull girder strength capacity requirements given in NORSOK-N004 Annex C.
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Table 10 Additional load combinations for FE analyses for Hull(+) notation - units with two oil
tight longitudinal bulkheads
Foremost area
No. Draft Aftmost area Midship area
Internal turret system No or external turret
1.0
A0a
TSC
Sagging
A0b TBal
Hogging
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Table 11 Additional load combinations for FE analyses - units with one centreline longitudinal oil
tight bulkhead
Chapter 3 Section 1
Foremost area
No. Draft Aftmost area Midship area
Internal turret system No or external turret
1.0
A0a
TSC
Sagging
A0b TBal
Hogging
2.4.4 The additional strength checks considering the additional requirements for Hull(+) notation shall be
reflected in the following documentation in Table 12:
Table 12 Documentation requirements - Hull(+)
Functional
Object Documentation type Description/comments Info
code
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CHANGES – HISTORIC
Changes – historic
July 2020 edition
Changes July 2020
Topic Reference Description
Ch.2 Sec.1 [6.3] Added requirement for placement of sacrificial anodes for
production and storage units.
Ch.2 Sec.5 Table 3 Updated footnote in table.
Ch.2 Sec.6 [2] Added alternative material selection option.
Ch.2 Sec.1 [2.4] Updated guidance note and descriptions for survival conditions.
Ch.2 Sec.1 [2.5] Updated text and removed guidance note for harbour,
inspection and maintenance conditions.
Ch.2 Sec.1 [2.6] Updated text and added assumption that cargo tanks are empty
during single transit voyage.
Ch.2 Sec.1 [2.7.1] Updated and clarified what shall be included in accidental
condition calculations.
Ch.2 Sec.2 Table 6 Updated table to reflect the 10-year response level.
Ch.2 Sec.1 [2] Deleted Table 1.
Ch.2 Sec.1 [2.4.2] Added allowance of restricted transit for units intended to
disconnect in case extreme weather.
Ch.2 Sec.1 [2.5] Deleted requirement to 1-year environmental loads.
Ch.2 Sec.2 [2.1.1] Clarified how variable functional loads are relevant for different
design conditions.
Ch.2 Sec.2 [3.1] Guidance note deleted.
Ch.2 Sec.2 [3.2.1] Clarified that all relevant design conditions shall be checked for
dynamic loads.
Ch.2 Sec.2 Table 1 Updated footnotes in table, and remove footnote for operation
condition.
Ch.2 Sec.2 [3.3.1] Added clarification on how to treat intermediate drafts used in
load combinations for FE analyses. Clarified Table 3.
Ch.2 Sec.2 Table 5 Updated and clarified definitions.
Ch.2 Sec.2 [3.5.4] Clarified requirements for moonpool pressures.
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Topic Reference Description
Changes – historic
Ch.2 Sec.2 [3.7.1] Added clarification for fluid density in tanks that can be used in
global strength analyses.
Ch.2 Sec.2 [3.9.4] Updated tables for wave load analyses for fatigue loads.
Added new table for short-term response analysis.
Ch.2 Sec.4 Table 1 Updated table with foot notes.
Ch.2 Sec.4 [1.2.4] Updated requirements for vibration factors.
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Topic Reference Description
Changes – historic
Support structure for Ch.2 Sec.5 [3.2.1] Updated guidance note.
permanent mooring systems
Ch.2 Sec.5 [3.2.3] Updated text to clarify requirements for mooring clusters.
Ch.2 Sec.5 Figure 5 Added figure number to figure for crane working loads.
Ch.2 Sec.5 [7.4.1] Corrected wave bending moment to hull girder moment.
Ch.2 Sec.5 Figure 6 Added figure number for figure for example hull girder
deflection applied FE-models.
Ch.2 Sec.7 [2.4.2] Aligned with DNVGL-RU-SHIP Pt.3 Ch.9.
Ch.2 Sec.7 [3.4.2]
Ch.2 Sec.7 [4.5.2]
Ch.2 Sec.7 Figure 2 Updated figure.
Ch.2 Sec.7 [3.3.3] Updated for clarity.
Ch.2 Sec.7 [4.3.2] Added additional items that shall be considered in design.
Ch.2 Sec.7 [4.4.3] Added clarification related to shear force correction calculation
in CSR rules.
Ch.2 Sec.7 [5.1.4] Added requirement for evaluation of structural condition
evaluation.
Ch.2 Sec.7 [6.1.5] Updated requirements for surveys prior to life time extensions.
Ch.3 Sec.1 [2.1.6] Updated and clarified requirements for design fatigue factors.
Ch.3 Sec.1 Table 7 Added requirement for environmental information for
temperatures, wind and current as applicable.
July 2019 edition
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Changes – historic
Changes July 2019
Topic Reference Description
Ch.2 Sec.1 [2.4] Subsection Survival condition updated.
Previously [2.4.2] deleted. Other harsh
and benign criteria moved to guidance
note.
Ch.2 Sec.1 [2.6] Rename heading from Wet tow to
Single transit to location, and add
single transit route in text.
Ch.2 Sec.1 [4.3.2] Requirements to detail design added
with cross refrence to DNVGL-RU-SHIP.
Ch.2 Sec.1 [5.3.2] Guidance note added with respect
to main class scope and outfitting
material.
Ch.2 Sec.1 [5.4.1] Guidance note added with respect to
limit for high tensile stress.
Ch.2 Sec.1 [5.5] Class scope included in list item under
guidance note.
Ch.2 Sec.1 Table 3 and Ch.2 Sec.1 Item for hull structure support above
Table 4 50 ton for other deck supports
removed from primary and secondary
category and inspection category
II and III. Limit changed to 20 ton.
Helideck structure removed from
tables as not part of main class scope.
Ch.2 Sec.1 Table 5 Corrosion addition updated for hull
girder strength.
Ch.2 Sec.2 [2.2.2] Removed correlation of still water limit
curves in guidance note.
Ch.2 Sec.2 [3.4.1] Correction for horizontal wave bending
moment and wave torsion moment,
not to be taken larger than rule values.
Ch.2 Sec.2 [3.5.1] Information of intermediate draft
pressures and minimum value for
operation in harsh locations included.
Ch.2 Sec.2 Table 6 Include list item 8). wave spreading for
motion and accelerations.
Ch.2 Sec.2 [3.9.2] Include list item 8) for use of wave
spreading.
Ch.2 Sec.3 [4.4.4] Clarify use of peak stress criteria.
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Topic Reference Description
Changes – historic
Ch.2 Sec.3 [5.2] Location for full penetration weld
updated. A guidance note added for
high tensile stress.
Ch.2 Sec.4 [1.1.7] Requirements to workmanship
specified.
Ch.2 Sec.4 [1.1.8] Introduced design principles for detail
design.
Ch.2 Sec.4 [1.2.4] Specification of the operational factor,
fR, the vibration factor, fvib and the
fatigue coefficient, ffa when direct wave
load analyse is carried out.
Ch.2 Sec.4 Table 3 Include new item no.10 for cut outs
and openings in the fatigue check list.
Ch.2 Sec.5 [3.2.3] New subsection Mooring cluster.
Ch.2 Sec.5 [8.5] Requirements for external platforms
added.
Ch.2 Sec.6 Table 1 The weight limit is changed from 50
ton to 20 ton.
Ch.2 Sec.7 [2.3.2] and Ch.2 Sec.7 New guidance note related to fore and
[3.3.2] aftship room included as part of the
FE-analysis scope.
Ch.2 Sec.7 [4.4.2] Requirements to part ship FE-analysis
extended considering transition areas.
Ch.2 Sec.7 [6.2.6] Design fatigue factors (DFF) added for
life time extensions
Ch.3 Sec.1 [1.5.3] Guidance note for material certification
requirements for doublers added.
Ch.3 Sec.1 [1.5.5] Certification requirements to bolts
included.
Ch.3 Sec.1 [1.5.3] Guidance note for material certification
requirements for doublers added.
Ch.3 Sec.1 Table 8 Include acceptance criteria for weld
connections in-line with DNVGL-OS-
C401.
Ch.3 Sec.1 Table 8 Limit for weight changed from 50 ton
to 20 ton.
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July 2018 edition
Changes – historic
Changes July 2018
Topic Reference Description
Ch.3 Sec.1 [2.4] New additional class notation FAB to cover extended NDT scope
for new building FSO/FPSOs operating in harsh locations.
Ch.2 Sec.1 [2.2] Updated content of section and terms, abbreviations and
symbols in line with DNVGL-RU-SHIP Pt.3.
Ch.2 Sec.2 Design loads in line with the equivalent design wave (EDW)
principle in DNVGL-RU-SHIP Pt.3.
Additionally input of direct site specific loads included,
according to design conditions given in Ch.2 Sec.1.
Ch.2 Sec.3 Strength assessments in line with DNVGL-RU-SHIP Pt.3, based
on the site specific loads given in Ch.2 Sec.2 and with reference
to DNVGL-CG-0128 Buckling, and DNVGL-CG-0127 Finite
element analysis.
Ch.2 Sec.4 Design fatigue principles in line with DNVGL-RU-SHIP Pt.3 and
with reference to DNVGL-CG-0129.
Ch.2 Sec.5 Hull equipments and supporting structure in line with DNVGL-
RU-SHIP Pt.3.
Specific new subsections:
- support for permanently moored units
- support of offshore cranes.
Ch.2 Sec.6 Topside structure modified, in line with the structural principles
in DNVGL-RU-SHIP Pt.3.
Ch.2 Sec.7 Special unit provisions:
— update and included loading conditions for the different unit
types
— FLNG and well intervention units included
— conversion and lifetime extensions moved from previous
appendixes, and modified.
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July 2015 edition
Changes – historic
Main changes July 2015
• General
The revision of this document is part of the DNV GL merger, updating the previous DNV standard into a DNV
GL format including updated nomenclature and document reference numbering, e.g.:
— Main class identification 1A1 becomes 1A.
— DNV replaced by DNV GL.
— DNV-RP-A201 to DNVGL-CG-0168. A complete listing with updated reference numbers can be found on
DNV GL's internet.
To complete your understanding, observe that the entire DNV GL update process will be implemented
sequentially. Hence, for some of the references, still the legacy DNV documents apply and are explicitly
indicated as such, e.g.: Rules for Ships has become DNV Rules for Ships.
• Ch.2 Sec.1 Material selection and fabrication principles
— Sec.1 [3.2.6] Included specification of length for topside module.
• Ch.2 Sec.2 Design principles
— Sec.2 [1.1.3]: A reference to arrangement of water tight bulkheads given in DNV Rules for ships Pt.3 Ch.1
Sec.3 A is included
— Sec.2 [2.6] New guidance note clarifying benign waters criteria wrt use of characteristic wave bending
moment.
• Ch.2 Sec.3 Design loads
— Sec.3 [3.8] Including definitions of sagging and hogging in guidance note.
• Ch.2 Sec.4 Strength of hull structure
— Sec.4 [2.2.8] Rewritten clause in line with original intention.
— Sec.4 [5.5.5] Rewritten clause in line with original intention.
— Sec.4 Table 7: Permissible peak stress for the LRFD method limited to the material tensile stress.
• Ch.2 Sec.5 Strength of topside structures
— Sec.5 Table 3 Removed previous column c) as ALS is not a required design condition for topside structure.
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