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Activity 3.pmd

This laboratory manual provides instructions for an experiment to study how the resistance of a light dependent resistor (LDR) varies with the intensity of light. The experiment involves setting up a circuit with an LDR, power supplies, meters and a lamp. Students will record voltage and current readings at different distances between the LDR and lamp. They are expected to observe that the resistance of the LDR increases as the distance and intensity of light decreases. The manual also discusses applications of LDRs and suggests additional experiments to further explore the light-resistance relationship.

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83 views3 pages

Activity 3.pmd

This laboratory manual provides instructions for an experiment to study how the resistance of a light dependent resistor (LDR) varies with the intensity of light. The experiment involves setting up a circuit with an LDR, power supplies, meters and a lamp. Students will record voltage and current readings at different distances between the LDR and lamp. They are expected to observe that the resistance of the LDR increases as the distance and intensity of light decreases. The manual also discusses applications of LDRs and suggests additional experiments to further explore the light-resistance relationship.

Uploaded by

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Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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LABORATORY MANUAL

ACTIVITY 7
AIM
To study the effect of intensity of light (by varying distance of the
source) on a LDR (Light Dependent Resistor).

APPARATUS AND MATERIAL REQUIRED


LDR, two power supplies (12 V each), key, milliammeter (0-500mA),
voltmeter (0-10V), a resistance of 47 Ω, a 12 V lamp, connecting
wires.

PRINCIPLE
Light dependent resistor or a
photoresistor is a device that is sensitive
to light. Its resistance varies according to
the intensity of light incident on it. It is
made from a semiconductor material with
light resistors to have light sensitive
properties, one such materials is,
cadmium sulphide. Snake–like tracks are
made of cadmium sulphide on thin metal
films [Fig. A 7.1]. LDR has a high
Fig. A 7.1 A Light Dependent resistance due to the fact that majority of
Resistance (LDR). electrons are locked into the crystal lattice
and not free to move. As light falls on the
lattice, some of the electrons get sufficient energy to break free the
crystal lattice to conduct electricity. A typical LDR has a resistance
of 1 MΩ in total darkness and a few hundred ohm resistance in
bright light.

P ROCEDURE
1. Assemble the circuit as shown in Fig. A 7.2.
2. First keep the lamp switched off. Plug in the key K.
3. Observe and record voltmeter and milliammeter readings.
164

24/04/2018
ACTIVITY 7

4. Calculate the reference measurement of LDR resistance R′.


5. Add this value of resistance to
all further measurements. This
ensures that background
illumination has been taken
into account.
6. Set up a 12 V lamp on a fixed stand
in vertical position facing LDR.
Adjust LDR normally below the
lamp at about 10 cm (say).
7. Observe milliammeter and
voltmeter readings.
8. Changing the distance between
Fig. A 7.2 Circuit to study the effect of
lamp and LDR by 15 cm (say)
intensity of light on a LDR.
repeat step 7. Record your
observation and calculate
resistance of LDR at different
distances of the lamp.

O BSERVATIONS AND CALCULATIONS


Range of voltmeter = 0 V to ...V
Least count of voltmeter = ...V
Range of milliammeter = 0 mA to ...mA
Least count of milliammeter = ...mA
Table A 7.1 : Variation in resistance of LDR with distance

Sl. No. Distance Voltmeter milliammeter V Actual value of


between Reading Reading R= Ω resistance
I
LDR and V (V) I (mA) (R + R′) Ω
the source
d cm

1
2
--
5

R
ESULT
As distance increases, intensity of incident light decreases and resist-
ance of LDR increases.
165
LABORATORY MANUAL

P RECAUTIONS
1. LDR is placed normally to the light source so that angle of inci-
dence of light rays remain constant and normal throughout the
experiment.
2. All the connections should be made tight.

S OURCES OF ERROR
Background illumination is a source of error in this activity.

D ISCUSSION
1. Calculate the product R.d2 in each case. What do you infer?
2. LDRs are used especially in light or dark sensor circuit. It is used
in automatic lighting, street light, smoke alarm etc.
3. A suitable resistance is connected in series with LDR to prevent it
from damage.

S ELF ASSESSMENT
Why does the resistance of LDR not remain constant?

SUGGESTED ADDITIONAL EXPERIMENTS/ACTIVITIES

1. Perform the above activity in totally dark room. Compare and discuss the
result with that obtained with normal light in the laboratory.
2. Study the effect of intensity of light on an LDR by using bulbs of different
power, keeping the distance same.
3. Provide variable voltage values to power up the light bulb and observe
variations in resistance with intensity keeping the distance between LDR
and bulb same.
4. Study the effect of intensity of light on LDR of different specifications.

166

24/04/2018

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