Faculty of Engineering

Department of Food and Process

Engineering
EEE3030 - Technology of Electrical and Electronic
Laboratory
Title: HALF-WAVE AND FULL-WAVE RECTIFIER
Group
NAME MATRIC NO
MUHAMMAD FAUZAN BIN RAMLI 212374
MOHAMAD HAZIQ BIN A HALIM 213112

Lecturer : Dr. Nor Mohd Haziq Bin Norsahperi

Lab Technician : Mr. Shiva
Demonstrator : 1) Mr Farizal Muzammil Abd Wahab
2) Mr Ruddy Abdullah
1. OBJECTIVE

1. To investigate the operation of half-wave rectifier

2. To investigate the operation of full wave rectifier
2. EQUIPMENT
1. Diode NI 4001.
2. Resistor 1k ohm.
3. Digital multimeter.
4. Signal generator
5. Breadboard.
6. Capacitors
7. Connecting wires and probe.
3.INTRODUCTION
The power utilities such as the Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB) or any other
Integrated Power Provider (IPP) will distribute the AC power instead of the DC
power to the consumers due to the fact that this method of electrical power
distribution is more efficient and economical. However, electronic devices
require DC voltage and current to operate, so it is necessary to convert AC
signals into DC by a process called rectification. Rectifier diodes are the diodes
used to convert AC signals to DC. There are two different rectification circuits,
known as half-wave and full-wave rectifiers.
Half- and Full-Wave Rectifiers
A single rectifier diode which as connected in Figure 8.1 serves as a halfwave
rectifier; in which only one alternation of the AC waveform is applied to the
load. When two rectifier diodes are used as displayed by Figure 8.2 (a), we
have fullwave rectification. Here, the two alternations of the input sine wave
are processed alternately by diodes D1 and D2. In Figure 8.2 (b), another
example of full-wave rectifier using bridge arrangement is shown. The
waveforms for both half- and wave rectifications appear to be unidirectional
current pulses, which the difference between the two is illustrated in Figure
8.3.
A bridge rectifier makes use of four diodes in a bridge arrangement to achieve
fullwave rectification. This is a widely used configuration, both with individual
diodes wired as shown in Figure 8.4.
During positive half cycle, there is a positive potential at point A and a negative
potential at point B. The positive potential at point A will forward bias D2 and
reverse bias D1. The negative potential at point B will forward bias D3 and
reverse bias D4. At this time D2 and D3 are forward biased and will allow
current flow to pass through them; D1 and D4 are reverse biased and will block
current flow. The path for current flow is as indicated from the direction of the
arrows. When changed to negative half cycle, point A becomes negative and
point B positive. This time, diodes D1 and D4 are forward biased and D2 and
D3 are reversed biased.

4. PROCEDURE
Half-Wave Rectifier Circuit
1. The power supply is switch on and circuit are connected as in figure 8.5
2. Vin(channel 1) and Vout(channel 2) is determined by using oscilloscope.
3. Vin , input waveform and Vout, output waveform are sketched. The Vpp
values are recorded.
4. Vin and Vout are recorded and measured by using digital multimeter(DMM)
DC and AC mode of DMM are measured.
5. Result are discussed.

Full-Wave Bridge Rectifier Circuit

1. Circuit is connected as shown in figure 8.6. Polarization of the diode are
checked before the circuit are switch on.
2. Vin(channel 1) and Vout(channel 2) are determined by using
oscilloscope.
3. Vin, input waveform and Vout, output waveform are sketch and vpp
value are recorded for both waveform.
4. Capacitor in parallel are connected to the load resistor as in figure 8.7.
Input waveform and output waveform are sketch.
5. Step 5 are repeated with a different value of capacitor. Input waveform
and output waveform are sketched.
6. Result are discussed.
4. RESULT
HALF-WAVE RECTIFIER CIRCUIT

Figure 1 Oscilloscope on half-wave rectifier circuit

FULL-WAVE RECTIFIER CIRCUIT

Figure 2 Oscilloscope on full-wave rectifier

Figure 3 Oscilloscope on the full-wave rectifier
5. DISCUSSION
Half-wave rectifiers and full-wave rectifiers are both types of circuits that are
used to convert alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC).
The objective of a half-wave rectifier is to allow only one half of the AC
waveform to pass through to the output, resulting in a DC output that is a
pulsating waveform. Half-wave rectifiers are relatively simple circuits and are
often used in low-power applications, such as supplying power to a small
electronic device.
The objective of a full-wave rectifier is to rectify both the positive and negative
halves of the AC waveform, resulting in a DC output that is a smoother
waveform. Full-wave rectifiers are more complex circuits than half-wave
rectifiers and are often used in higher-power applications, such as supplying
power to a motor or other high-power loads.
Both half-wave and full-wave rectifiers have their own advantages and
disadvantages. Half-wave rectifiers are simpler and cheaper to build, but the
resulting DC output is pulsating and not as smooth as that of a full-wave
rectifier. Full-wave rectifiers produce a smoother DC output, but they are more
complex and more expensive to build.
Half-Wave Rectifiers:
• A half-wave rectifier consists of a single diode and a load resistor. When
the AC input is applied, the diode allows current to flow through the
circuit during the positive half-cycle of the AC waveform. During the
negative half-cycle, the diode blocks the current flow, resulting in a
pulsating DC output.
• The output of a half-wave rectifier is a pulsating DC waveform that is the
same shape as the positive half of the AC input waveform. The average
value of the output waveform is equal to approximately half of the peak
value of the AC input waveform.
• The efficiency of a half-wave rectifier is relatively low because only one
half of the AC waveform is utilized.
Full-Wave Rectifiers:
• There are two main types of full-wave rectifiers: center-tap and bridge. A
center-tap rectifier consists of two diodes and a center-tap transformer,
while a bridge rectifier consists of four diodes arranged in a bridge
configuration.
• A full-wave rectifier allows both the positive and negative halves of the
AC waveform to pass through to the output, resulting in a smoother DC
waveform. The average value of the output waveform is equal to the
peak value of the AC input waveform, so the efficiency of a full-wave
rectifier is higher than that of a half-wave rectifier.
• Full-wave rectifiers are more complex and more expensive to build than
half-wave rectifiers, but they are often used in higher-power
applications because they produce a smoother DC output.
7. CONCLUSION
Overall, we were able to know on how the half-wave rectifier operation.
By using one diode, half-wave rectifier can be achieved which it will
convert from AC to DC by passing either positive or negative half-cycle of
the waveform and blocking the others. For the half-wave rectifier, it is less
efficient than full-wave rectifier.
We were also able to identify the operation of full-wave rectifier. In full-
wave rectifier, it consists of four diodes in which there are two diodes for
the positive cycle and the other two for the negative cycle to operate. It
helps on converting the AC circuit to DC circuit It is more efficient than the
half-wave rectifier because both cycles were used and get the
positive output for both positive and negative cycle.

8. GROUP MEMBERS CONTRIBUTION

NAME MATRIC NO CONTRIBUTION
MUHAMMAD FAUZAN BIN RAMLI 212374 50%
MOHAMAD HAZIQ BIN A HALIM 213112 50%