GRAMMAR SUMMARY

TENSES

TENSE OR FORM USE

STRUCTURE AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE QUESTION FOR …
Present simple The Earth orbits the Sun. The Sun doesn't orbit the Earth. Does the Sun orbit the Earth? • hecho, realidad o estado
She goes to school. She doesn't go to school. Does she go to school? • hábito, acción que se repite
I like football. I don't like football. Do you like football? • verbos de no acción

Present continuous I am working now. I'm not working now. Are you working now? • acción está pasando ahora
He is working this week. He isn't working this week. Is he working this week? • situación temporal
They are working tomorrow. They aren't working tomorrow. Are they working tomorrow? • plan o preparativo para un
futuro cercano

Present perfect I have written this note. I haven't written this note. Have you written this note? • acciones pasadas que aún
simple He has lived here all his life. He hasn't lived here all his life. Has he lived here all his life? continúan o influyen
He has already tried octopus. He hasn't tried octopus yet. Have you ever tried octopus? • experiencias pasadas
I have seen him today. I haven't seen him today. Have you seen him today? • acciones pasadas sin
expresiones de pasado

Present perfect I have been working all day

I haven't been working all day. Have you been working all day? • énfasis en la actividad,
continuous ... and I have finished. no en el resultado
... but I haven't finished.

Past simple I watched a film yesterday. I didn't watch a film yesterday. Did you watch a film yesterday? • acciones acabadas en el
I went to a private school I didn't go to a private school Did you go to a private school pasado
when I was young. when I was young. when you were young? • acciones que se repetían
I liked vegetables as a child. I didn't like vegetables as a Did you like vegetables as a en el pasado
child. child? • estados en el pasado

Past continuous Yesterday at 10 pm I Yesterday at 10 pm I wasn't What were you doing • acciones en progreso en
was watching the news. watching a film. yesterday at 10 pm ? un momento del pasado
I was working when my I wasn't working when my Were you working when your • acción larga interrumpida
friend phoned. friend phoned. friend phoned? por otra corta

Past perfect simple When I arrived home, When I arrived home, Had your parents left • una acción pasada
my parents had left. my parents hadn't left. when you arrived home? anterior a otra acción
pasada

Past perfect They had been waiting for They hadn't been waiting Had they been waiting long • acción pasada que había
continuous an hour before the bus long before the bus arrived. before the bus arrived? estado sucediendo antes
arrived. de otra acción pasada

used to They used to do sport. • hábitos en pasado

They didn't use to do sport. Did they use to do sport?
"solía"

will for future use • predicciones basadas

I think he will win the prize. I'm sure he won't win. Do you think he will win? en nuestra opinión
Wait! I will go with you. I won't go with you. • decisión espontánea
I will keep your secret. I won't tell your secret. Will you keep my secret? • promesa

be going to for Look at those clouds! It is Look at the sun! It isn't Look out of the window. Is it • predicciones basadas en
future use going to rain today. going to rain today. going to rain today? evidencia
Next year I am going to Next year I am not going What are you going to do • planes
study baccalaureate. to study at university. next year?

Future continuous This time next year I will be This time next year I won't be What will you be doing • acción larga que estará
studying at university. studying at college. this time next year? teniendo lugar en el
futuro.

Future perfect By 11 o'cIock the football By 9 o'cIock the football match Will the football match have • acción que se habrá
completado en un
simple match will have finished. still won't have finished. finished by 11 o'cIock? momento del futuro.