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Worksheet 1 VectorSpaces

This document contains 16 exercises related to vector spaces and linear algebra concepts such as basis, dimension, linear independence/dependence, and direct sums. The exercises involve determining whether sets of vectors or polynomials form vector spaces, bases, or subspaces and performing operations such as finding coordinates with respect to given bases.

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113 views2 pages

Worksheet 1 VectorSpaces

This document contains 16 exercises related to vector spaces and linear algebra concepts such as basis, dimension, linear independence/dependence, and direct sums. The exercises involve determining whether sets of vectors or polynomials form vector spaces, bases, or subspaces and performing operations such as finding coordinates with respect to given bases.

Uploaded by

Nor Yakine
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ENSIA Academic year 2021-2022

Linear Algebra Second Academic Semester

Worksheet 1 : Vector Spaces

Exercise 1 We define on R∗+ the binary operation ⊕ by

a ⊕ b = ab, ∀a, b ∈ R∗+ ,

and the multiplication by a scalar ⊗ by

λ ⊗ a = aλ , ∀λ ∈ R, ∀a ∈ R∗+ .

Show that E = (R∗+ , ⊕, ⊗) is an R-vector space.

Exercise 2 Consider the set R2 equipped with the usual addition and the multiplication by a
scalar given by
∀λ ∈ R, ∀(x, y) ∈ R2 , λ(x, y) = (λx, y).
Is it an R-vector space ?

Exercise 3 Determine which of the following subsets are vector subspaces of R3 :


E1 = {(x, y, z) ∈ R3 ; x + y − z = x + y + z = 0},
E2 = {(x, y, z) ∈ R3 ; x2 − z 2 = 0},
E3 = {(x, y, z) ∈ R3 ; ex ey = 0},
E4 = {(x, y, z) ∈ R3 ; z(x2 + y 2 ) = 0}.

Exercise 4 Let a be a real number. Which of the following are vector subspaces ?
E1 = {(x, y, z) ∈ R3 : x + y + a = 0, and x + 3az = 0},
E2 = {f ∈ F(R, R) : f (1) = 0},
E3 = {f ∈ F(R, R) : f (0) = 1},
E4 = {P ∈ Rn [X] : P ′ = 3},
E5 = {(x, y) ∈ R2 : x + ay + 1 ⩾ 0}.

Exercise 5 Let K be a field and let V be a K-vector space.


1. Let F and G be two vector subspaces of V . Show that

F ∪ G is a vector subspace of V ⇐⇒ F ⊂ G or G ⊂ F.

2. Let H be a third vector subspace of V . Prove that

G ⊂ F ⇒ F ∩ (G + H) = G + (F ∩ H).

Exercise 6 Consider in R4 the vectors v1 = (1, 2, 3, 4) and v2 = (1, −2, 3, −4). Can we deter-
mine two real numbers x and y so that (x, 1, y, 1) ∈ ⟨v1 , v2 ⟩ ? And so that (x, 1, 1, y) ∈ ⟨v1 , v2 ⟩ ?

Exercise 7 Which of the following are linearly independent vectors ?

1
1. v1 = (1, 0, 1), v2 = (0, 2, 2) and v3 = (3, 7, 1) in R3 .
2. v1 = (1, 0, 0), v2 = (0, 1, 1) and v3 = (1, 1, 1) in R3 .
3. v1 = (1, 2, 1, 2, 1), v2 = (2, 1, 2, 1, 2), v3 = (1, 0, 1, 1, 0) and v4 = (0, 1, 0, 0, 1) in R5 .
4. v1 = (2, 4, 3, −1, −2, 1), v2 = (1, 1, 2, 1, 3, 1) and v3 = (0, −1, 0, 3, 6, 2) in R6 .
5. v1 = (2, 1, 3, −1, 4, −1), v2 = (−1, 1, −2, 2, −3, 3) and v3 = (1, 5, 0, 4, −1, 7) in R6 .

Exercise 8 Find a basis of the subspace D = {(x, y, z) ∈ R3 : x + y = 0, x − y + z = 0}.

Exercise 9 Let V = R3 , and let

S = {v1 = (1, 1, 1), v2 = (1, 1, 2), v3 = (1, 2, 3)} .

1. Show that S is a basis of V .


2. Determine the coordinates of v = (5, 7, 12) with respect to the basis S.

Exercise 10 Let R3 [X] be the vector space of polynomials of degree ⩽ 3. Show that the
following sets are bases of R3 [X] : B1 = {1, X, X 2 , X 3 }, B2 = {1, 1 − X, X − X 2 , X 2 − X 3 },
B3 = {1, 1 + X, 1 + X + X 2 , 1 + X + X 2 + X 3 }.

Exercise 11 Determine the values of t ∈ R for which the polynomials X 2 + t/2 , X − t , (X +


t + 1)2 form a basis of R2 [X].

Exercise 12 Consider in R4 the vectors v1 = (1, 2, 3, 4), v2 = (2, 2, 2, 6), v3 = (0, 2, 4, 4), v4 =
(1, 0, −1, 2) and v5 = (2, 3, 0, 1). Let F = ⟨v1 , v2 , v3 ⟩ and G = ⟨v4 , v5 ⟩. Determine a basis of each
of the subspaces F ∩ G, F, G and F + G.

Exercise 13 .
1. Give an example of a set of linearly independent vectors in R3 which does not span R3 .
2. Give an example of a set of vectors in R3 which spans R3 , but is linearly dependent.

Exercise 14 Let U and V be the vector subspaces of R3 defined as follows :

U = (x, y, z) ∈ R3 , x + y − 2z = 0 ,


V = ⟨(2, −1, 0), (−4, 2, 0)⟩ .


1. Determine a basis and the dimension of each subspace.
2. Is R3 = U ⊕ V ?

Exercise 15 Let U and V be the vector subspaces of R3 given by U = ⟨(2, 3, −1), (1, −1, −2)⟩
and V = ⟨(3, 7, 0), (5, 0, −7)⟩. Show that U = V .

Exercise 16
√ √ √
1. Consider in R2 the vectors u1 = (3 + 5, 2 + 3 5) and u2 = (4, 7 5 − 9). Show that u1
and u2 are linearly independent over Q, but linearly dependent over R.
2. Consider the vectors v1 = (1 − i, i) and v2 = (2, −1 + i) in C2 .
(a) Show that the vectors v1 and v2 are linearly independent over R, but linearly de-
pendent over C.
(b) Show that the set S = {(1, 0), (i, 0), (0, 1), (0, i)} is a basis of the R-vector space C2 .
Determine the coordinates of the vectors v1 and v2 with respect to this basis.

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