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Experiment No 5

The experiment aims to analyze how isentropic efficiency varies with overall pressure ratio using a two-stage air compressor test set. The apparatus consists of a two-stage air compressor that is air cooled. Measurements are taken of pressure, temperature, flow rate, and power input at various pressure ratios. Isentropic efficiency is calculated as the ratio of actual isentropic power to brake input power. The isentropic process is defined as an ideal, reversible, adiabatic process where no heat or work is transferred.

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Muhammad Zohaib Shahid
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46 views5 pages

Experiment No 5

The experiment aims to analyze how isentropic efficiency varies with overall pressure ratio using a two-stage air compressor test set. The apparatus consists of a two-stage air compressor that is air cooled. Measurements are taken of pressure, temperature, flow rate, and power input at various pressure ratios. Isentropic efficiency is calculated as the ratio of actual isentropic power to brake input power. The isentropic process is defined as an ideal, reversible, adiabatic process where no heat or work is transferred.

Uploaded by

Muhammad Zohaib Shahid
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Experiment No.

05
Objective:
To Analyse the variation in isentropic efficiency with overall pressure ratio

Apparatus:
Two stage air compressor test set, air cooled

Figure:

Figure 1-Two stage air compressor test set, air cooled

Theory:
Isentropic Compression process
In thermodynamics, an isentropic process is an idealized thermodynamic process that
is adiabatic and in which the work transfers of the system are frictionless; there is no transfer of
heat or of matter and the process is reversible. Such an idealized process is useful in
engineering as a model of and basis of comparison for real processes.
The word 'isentropic' is occasionally, though not customarily, interpreted in another way,
reading it as if its meaning were deducible from its etymology. This is contrary to its original and
customarily used definition. In this occasional reading, it means a process in which the entropy
of the system remains unchanged, for example because work done on the system includes
friction internal to the system, and heat is withdrawn from the system, in just the right amount
to compensate for the internal friction, so as to leave the entropy unchanged.

Isentropic power (Isen P)

This is the theoretical power from the theory of isentropic compression process (reversible
adiabatic process).

Procedure:

1. Put the plug in socket and switch ON the Electrical power , Start the Motor from
advance inverter
2. Start the compressor by pushing up ELCB & CB
3. Make sure, receiver discharge valve is closed
4. When 2nd stage pressure reached at 1 kg/cm2 then open the discharge valve to main the 2nd
stage pressure (Flow rate in become equal to flow rate out) to note down the readings
5. Record the motor speed (N1), Compressor speed (N2), Power Input (W), Water manometer
pressure drop (∆𝑃), 1st stage (P2) and 2nd stage (P3) guage pressures, All the temperature
(𝑇1, 𝑇2, 𝑇3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑇4) and Ampere(I)
6. Repeat the “step 5” for 2nd stage pressures increment at 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 kg/cm2
7. Shut down the compressor by pushing down ELCB & CB
8. Discharge all compressed air from receiver discharge valve
9. Switch OFF the Electrical power and Remove the plug out of the socket
10. Let the compressor cool down for some time before covering up the compressor

Useful Relations:

Isentropic power (Isen P)


𝑘−1 𝑘−1
𝑃2 𝑘 𝑃3 𝑘
𝐼𝑠𝑒𝑛. 𝑃 = 𝑞𝑚𝐶𝑝𝑇1 [ − 1] + 𝑞𝑚𝐶𝑝𝑇2 [ − 1]
𝑃 1 𝑃2
Where,
𝐶𝑝
𝑘=
𝐶𝑣
𝑞𝑚 is actual mass flow rate

𝐶𝑝 is specific heat at constant pressure


System efficiency

Isentropic efficiency = 𝐼𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟


× 100
𝐵𝑟𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟

Observation and calculations:


Stage 1st: Bore 80 mm, Stroke 65 mm Stage2nd: Bore 65 mm, Stroke 65 mm
Air box orifice, 15 mm Air box diameter 300
mm Atmospheric Pressure, 𝑃𝑢

Item 1 2 3 4 5 6
Motor Speed, N1(rpm)

Compressor Speed, N2(rpm)

Power input (Watts)

Ambient Temperature, T1 (C0)

Temperature after Stage1, T2 (C0)

Temperature after Stage2, T3 (C0)

Temperature after Stage3, T4 (C0)

Pressure after Stage 1st, P2 (kg/cm2)

Pressure after Stage 2nd,P3 (kg/cm2)

Pressure in receiver, P4(kg/cm2)

Air box manometer, Δp (mm)


Flow rate, 𝑉1 = 𝑄𝑣 (m3/s)

Iso P (W)

Isentropic Efficiency (%)


𝑃3
Overall Pressure ratio,
𝑃1
Table 1- Experimental data to find the isentropic efficiency
Specimen Calculations:

Graph:

Comments:
Quiz:
1. What is isentropic process

2. What is Adiabatic process

3. How the Friction affect the Isentropic Process

4. Write the Applications of the air Compressors

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