Chapter 5 Evolution and Biodiversity Test IB SL

1. What is the highest level of taxa for Acacia tortilis?

A. Acacia

B. Tortilis

C. Fabaceae

D. Angiospermophyta

2. Darwin described evolution as “descent with modification”. What would make evolution less probable?

A. Stable environment

B. Migration

C. Variation in offspring

D. Random mutation

3. What is the biological definition of the term evolution?

A. The changes shown by fossils over millions of years

B. The transmission of favorable variations to offspring

C. The cumulative change in the heritable characteristics of a population

D. The promotion of variation in a species by sexual reproduction

4. Which example provides evidence of evolution?

A. White wings of a peppered moth turn black in industrial areas.

B. Antibiotic resistant bacteria replace non-resistant bacteria over time.

C. Some Galapagos finches’ beaks become smaller during dry years.

D. Polar bears are found in warmer latitudes following global warming.

5. The photograph shows an animal of the species Eisenia fetida.

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 Which phylum does it belong to?

A. Cnidaria

B. Platyhelminthes

C. Annelida

D. Arthropoda

6.Which example provides evidence of evolution?

A. White wings of a peppered moth turn black in industrial areas.

B. Antibiotic resistant bacteria replace non-resistant bacteria over time.

C. Some Galapagos finches’ beaks become smaller during dry years.

D. Polar bears are found in warmer latitudes following global warming.

7. What promotes natural selection?

I. Overpopulation

II. Competition

III. Variation

A. I and II only

B. I and III only

C. II and III only

D. I, II and III

8. What causes heritable variation in a species?

I. Muscle development through exercise

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 II. Increased rainfall in the ecosystem

III. Changes in the genome of the species

A. I and III only

B. II only

C. III only

D. I, II and III

9.Which phylum includes plants with rhizoids, spores that are produced in a capsule and a height below 0.5
metres?

A. Angiospermophyta

B. Bryophyta

C. Coniferophyta

D. Filicinophyta

10. What is accepted by scientists as evidence for evolution?

I. Similarities in bone structure between the wings of a bat and the fins of a porpoise

II. Changes in dog breeds caused by artificial selection

III. Extinction of dinosaurs

A. I only

B. I and II only

C. I and III only

D. I, II and III

11. The long-term exposure of bacteria to antibiotics has led to the spread of resistant strains (for example, of
Clostridium difficile). What is this an example of?

A. Convergent evolution

B. Immunity

C. Natural selection

D. Dominance

12. To which phylum do organisms with exoskeleton, jointed appendages and segmented bodies belong?

A. Mollusca

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 B. Porifera

C. Arthropoda

D. Annelida

13.Ranunculus repens and Hypericum repens both have yellow flowers. Which statement is true?

A. They are angiospermophytes.

B. They are coniferophytes.

C. They are members of the same species.

D. They are members of the same genus.

14.What distinguishes Annelida from Platyhelminthes?

A. Platyhelminthes have a segmented body but Annelida do not.

B. Platyhelminthes reproduce sexually but Annelida do not.

C. Platyhelminthes have radial symmetry but Annelida have bilateral symmetry.

D. Annelida have both a mouth and an anus but Platyhelminthes do not.

15. What features occur in all species of Angiospermophyta and Coniferophyta?

A. Seeds

B. Bark

C. Cones

D. Flowers

16. A biologist exploring an uninhabited island came across an unknown plant. She made the following notes:

• grows in a damp and shady corner of the island

• has large feathery leaves with spore cases (sporangia) arranged on the underside

• young leaves are tightly rolled up

•has roots.

In what phylum should she classify this plant?

A. Angiospermophyta

B. Bryophyta

C. Coniferophyta

D. Filicinophyta
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17. What characteristics describe homologous structures?

A. They have the same ancestral origin but may have different functions.

B. They have the same ancestral origin and always have the same function.

C. They have different ancestral origins and may have different functions.

D. They have different ancestral origins but always have the same function.

18. Based on binomial nomenclature, which two species are most closely related?

I. Common barberry (Berberis vulgaris)

II. Canadian bunchberry (Cornus canadensis)

III. Smooth blackberry (Rubus canadensis)

IV. Canadian barberry (Berberis canadensis)

A. I and IV

B. II and III

C. II and IV

D. III and IV

19. Based on binomial nomenclature, which two species are most closely related?

I. Common barberry (Berberis vulgaris)

II. Canadian bunchberry (Cornus canadensis)

III. Smooth blackberry (Rubus canadensis)

IV. Canadian barberry (Berberis canadensis)

A. I and IV

B. II and III

C. II and IV

D. III and IV

20. Which organisms have flowers?

A. Bryophyta

B. Porifera

C. Angiospermophyta

D. Cnidaria
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21. The following diagrams (not to scale) represent the fossilized forelimbs of three horses living at different
times, none of which are alive today.

The diagrams provide evidence for which of the following?

A. Pentadactyl limb

B. Domestication of animals

C. Homologous structures

D. Change in the characteristics of species

22. What is evolution?

A. A measure of the relative survival and reproductive success of an individual

B. A cumulative change in the genetically controlled characteristics of a population

C. A physical change during an organism’s life that is inherited by its offspring

D. A random change in the proportions of alleles from generation to generation

23. Two different trees have been classified as Pinus pinea and Pinus nigra. Which of the following statements
is correct?

A. Both trees belong to the same class but a different genus.

B. Both trees belong to the same family and same genus.

C. The species name of both trees is Pinus.

D. The family names are pinea and nigra.

24. A collection of four animal specimens is observed and a dichotomous key is applied. Which specimen is an
arthropod?

1.

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 Non-segmented body ..............................go to 2

Segmented body .....................................go to 3

2.

Body is not symmetrical...............................specimen A

Body is symmetrical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . specimen B

3.

Jointed appendages present........................specimen C

Jointed appendages absent ........................specimen D

A. Specimen A

B. Specimen B

C. Specimen C

D. Specimen D

25. Which of the following represent homologous features?

A. Wings in birds and insects

B. The appendix in humans and horses

C. Fins in fish and wings in birds

D. The striped coat of the zebra and the tiger

26. Which of the following are used as evidence for evolution?

I. Homologous structures

II. Selective breeding of domesticated animals

III. Overproduction of offspring

A. I and II only

B. I and III only

C. II and III only

D. I, II and III

27. A poodle and a chihuahua are both dogs and classified as Canis familiaris. What conclusion can be made?

A. They belong to the same genus but not the same species.

B. They are the same species but not the same genus.
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 C. They are different species but can interbreed.

D. They belong to the same genus and are the same species

28. Which phylum does the plant below belong to?

A. Angiospermophyta

B. Bryophyta

C. Coniferophyta

D. Filicinophyta

29. An animal has radial symmetry, a sac-like body with only one opening and tentacles with stinging
structures. To which phylum does this animal belong?

A. Annelida

B. Cnidaria

C. Mollusca

D. Porifera

30. Charles Darwin used domesticated animals to provide evidence for evolution by natural selection. What is
this evidence?

A. Differences between breeds show that selection can cause species to change.

B. The ancestors of domesticated animals can be found in the fossil record.

C. Some domesticated animals die because the environment cannot support them all.

D. Variation in domesticated animals is due to sexual reproduction.

31. Ants, bees and wasps are classified in the same order. What can be deduced about these animals?

A. They are classified in the same class.

B. They are classified in different phyla.

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C. They are classified in the same family.

D. They are classified in different kingdoms.

32. Pseudolarix amabilis produces seeds but not flowers. Physcomitrella patens has leaves but not roots. To
which groups do they belong?

33. Which process tends to reduce variety within a population?

A. Natural selection

B. Random fertilization

C. Independent assortment

D. Crossing over

34. What is the mechanism of natural selection?

A. Any individuals in a population can be selected entirely by chance.

B. After a change in the environment a species will evolve adaptations to the new conditions.

C. If an adaptation to the environment is useful, an individual will develop it and pass it on to its offspring.
D. Variations amongst individuals of a population are selected by a changing environment.

35. Which of the organisms A–D, identified by the key below, represents an Annelid?

36. To which group do sponges belong?

A. Cnidaria
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 B. Filicinophyta

C. Porifera

D. Mollusca

37a. Outline how fossil records can provide evidence for evolution.

37b. Outline a structural difference between the chromosomes of Helicobacter pylori and Homo sapiens.

37c. Deduce the percentage of adenine in Oryza sativa if the proportion of guanine in that organism is 30 %.

37d.Describe ABO blood groups as an example of codominance.

38. Outline the difference in infant mass relative to mother mass in extinct hominids and modern humans.

39. Suggest one disadvantage of infants being born with a relatively large size in humans.

40b. Compare the mass of human organs with the mass of other primate organs.

40c. Using information from the table and the graph, identify the human organ which uses the greatest amount
of energy per kilogram of body tissue.

41a. Explain the differences between the organ size of humans and other primates in terms of trends in human
evolution and their causes.

42a. On the cladogram, label with the letter C the point that shows the most recent common ancestor of
Pambdelurion and Fuxianhuia.

42b.Identify which two species evolved most recently.

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43. State the relationship between brain mass and maximum life span.

44. The table shows certain characteristics present (+) or absent (–) in six organisms.

Using the data, label the cladogram with the names of the organisms.

45. Explain the biochemical evidence for the common ancestry of organisms on Earth.

46a. List two factors that could cause an increase in the size of an animal population.

46b. Outline how overpopulation of a species in a given environment may lead to evolution.

47.Parts of a dichotomous key to organisms A, B, C and D are shown. Design missing parts of the key using
features visible in the following diagrams.

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 1.

Body with tentacles ................................................A

Body without tentacles ......................................... go to 2

2.

................................................................B

............................................................go to 3

.................................................................C

................................................................D

48. Using the mammalian pentadactyl limb as an example, outline the process of adaptive radiation.

49a. Outline two possible consequences of global warming for organisms living in arctic ecosystems.

49b.The changes that result from global warming may lead to evolution. Define evolution.

50. Discuss the definition of the term species and speciation.

51. Distinguish between innate and learned behaviour.

52. Distinguish between analogous and homologous structures.

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53a. Compare the trends in relative beak size of G. fortis and G. scandens.

53b. Outline possible reasons for the trends in relative beak size in finches.

54a. Define the term clade.

54b. Distinguish between analogous and homologous structures, giving an example of each.

54c. The table below lists five animals along with four morphological characteristics. A plus sign (+) indicates that
the animal has this characteristic while a minus sign (–) indicates that the characteristic is absent.

Based on the features above, a student constructed a cladogram. State the names of the organisms missing
in the following cladogram.

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55a. Distinguish between Archaea and Eukarya.

55b. Label the parts of the cell walls in Gram-positive Eubacteria and Gram-negative Eubacteria shown below.

56a. Outline how variations in specific molecules can lead to phylogeny.

56b. Outline the value of classifying organisms.

57. Explain the biochemical evidence for the common ancestry of living organisms.

58. Explain how gene pooling led to the appearance of new species.

59. Outline the difference between the 3 domains of life.

60. Elaborate on the 3 evidence of evolution.

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