Scribd
Upload
47 views4 pages

2 Sets-Operations

This document discusses different set operations: union, intersection, complement, and Cartesian product. [1] The union of sets A and B contains all elements that are in A, B, or both. [2] The intersection of A and B contains only the elements that are common to both sets. [3] The complement of a set A contains all elements in the universal set that are not in A.

Uploaded by

Ofelia Aljade Ramos
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
47 views4 pages

2 Sets-Operations

This document discusses different set operations: union, intersection, complement, and Cartesian product. [1] The union of sets A and B contains all elements that are in A, B, or both. [2] The intersection of A and B contains only the elements that are common to both sets. [3] The complement of a set A contains all elements in the universal set that are not in A.

Uploaded by

Ofelia Aljade Ramos
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

[2] SETS OPERATIONS

Recall: In arithmetic, we perform the four basic operations: addition, subtraction, multiplication,
and division. Operations are processes performed on two or more numbers to obtain another
number.

With sets, we can also perform operations to obtain another set. The common operations
involving sets are the union, intersection, complement, and Cartesian product.

Union of sets

The union of sets A and B, written as A ∪ B and read as “A union B”, is the set of elements that
belong to either A or B, or to both.

A ∪ B={x ∨x ϵA ∨x ϵ B }

Using Venn diagram to illustrate A ∪ B .


For sets that are not disjoint

A B

For disjoint sets.

A B

Illustration 12.
A={ 2,3,4 }
B= {3,4,5 }

A ∪B= {2,3,4,5 } .

Note that A ∪ B=B ∪ A . [in words, union of sets is commutative.]

Intersection of sets
The intersection of sets A and B, written A ∪B and read as “A intersection B”, is formed by
getting the elements that are common to both A and B.
A ∩ B={ x∨x ϵ A∧x ϵ B }
Using Venn diagram to illustrate A ∩ B.
For sets that are not disjoint

Example 8.
U ={ x|x is a positive integer }
A={1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 }
B={2,4,6,8,10}
C={ x|x is a prime number less than10 }
D={x∨x is an odd number }

A ∩ B= {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 } ∩ { 2,4,6,8,10 }= {2,4,6,8,10 }∨B


A ∩C={ 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,1O } ∩ { x|x is a prime number less than10 }={ 2,3,5,7 )
A ∩ D={1,3,5,7,9}
B∩ C={2 }
B∩ D=∅
C ∩ D={ 3,5,7 }

Illustration 13.
A={2,3,4 }
B={3,4,5}

A ∩ B= {3,4 } .
Note that A ∩ B=B ∩ A . [in words, intersection of sets is commutative.]

Universal Set

:the set consisting of all the elements under consideration, denoted by U

Complement of a set

The complement of a set A, written as A’ and read as “A complement”, is the set of elements in
the universal set U that do not belong to set A.

'
A −{ x∨x ϵ U∧x ∉ A }

Illustration 14.

U ={1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10}

A={1,3,5 , 7,9}

B={1,2,3,4,5}

A' ={2,4,6,8,10}

'
B ={6,7,8,9,10 }

Cartesian Product for Product Set)


The Cartesian Product of two sets A and B, written as A x B, is the set or ordered pairs (a, b)
where a is an element of set A and b is an element of set B”.

A x B is also read as “A cross B”.

A x B= { ( a , b )|a ∈ A∧b ∈ B }

Illustration 15.

A={2,3,4 }

B={3,4,5}

A x B={( 2,3 ) , (2,4 ) , (2,5 ) , ( 3,3 ) , ( 3,4 ) , ( 3,5 ) , ( 4,3 ) , ( 4,4 ) , ( 4,5 ) }

B x A={(3,2) ,(4,2),(5,2) ,(3,3) ,(4,3),(5,3) ,(3,4),(4,4 ),(5,4 )}

n ( A x B )=9

Note that A x B=B x A . [in words, cross product is not commutative.]

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy