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Grade 8 Typhoon

Tropical cyclones that develop in the northwest Pacific Ocean between 180° and 100°E are called typhoons. In the Philippines, they are referred to as bagyo. Typhoons are categorized into 5 categories based on wind speed, with Category 5 being the strongest with winds exceeding 249 km/h. The Philippines experiences its highest typhoon activity from July to October. Some of the most destructive typhoons to hit the Philippines include Typhoon Yolanda in 2013 and Typhoon Odette in 2021. Typhoons can have devastating impacts through strong winds and heavy rainfall, damaging homes, infrastructure, and agriculture, and also causing loss of life.

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182 views2 pages

Grade 8 Typhoon

Tropical cyclones that develop in the northwest Pacific Ocean between 180° and 100°E are called typhoons. In the Philippines, they are referred to as bagyo. Typhoons are categorized into 5 categories based on wind speed, with Category 5 being the strongest with winds exceeding 249 km/h. The Philippines experiences its highest typhoon activity from July to October. Some of the most destructive typhoons to hit the Philippines include Typhoon Yolanda in 2013 and Typhoon Odette in 2021. Typhoons can have devastating impacts through strong winds and heavy rainfall, damaging homes, infrastructure, and agriculture, and also causing loss of life.

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Ghen Hipolito
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What is Typhoon?

 
Tropical Cyclones develop in the north-western part of the Pacific Ocean between 180° and 100°E. • In the
Philippines, tropical cyclones (typhoons) are called bagyo.
The term bagyo, a Filipino word meaning typhoon arose after a 1911 storm in the city of Baguio had a record rainfall
of 46 inches within a 24-hour period.

Typhoons are categorized into five: 


Category 1 - Tropical Depression -sustains winds between 119 and 153 km/hour (km/h). It is the first notable stage in
the formation of a hurricane. (Morakot)
Category 2 - Tropical Storm (TS) - has winds between 154 and 177 km/h. -a tropical storm is a system of intense
thunderstorms that progressively intensifies.
Category 3 - Strong Typhoon -A strong typhoon is a system of low pressure and intense winds (between 178 and 209
km/h) (Maemi-South Korea)
Category 4 - Intense Typhoon (or Hurricane) -An intense typhoon sustains high winds of 210 to 249 km/h and is
classified as a category-5 storm, which carries the highest element of risk.
Category 5 - Violent Typhoon -A violent typhoon is characterized by winds exceeding 249 km/h.

Variability in Activity 
On an annual time scale, activity reaches a minimum in February, before increasing steadily through June, and spiking
from July through October, with September being the most active month for tropical cyclones in the Philippines.
Activity falls off significantly in November.

List of Philippine Typhoon


These are the ff. typhoons hits in the Philippines (2012) • AMBO • BUTCHOY • COSME • DINDO • ENTENG •
FRANK • GENER • HELEN • IGME • SIONY • TONYO • YOYONG • ZOSIMO • JULIAN • KAREN • LAWIN •
MARCE • NINA • OFEL • PABLO • QUINTA • ROLLY • ULYSSES • VICKY • WARREN
1. Typhoon Yolanda (International Name: Haiyan)
 Year: 2013
 Wind speed: 315 km/h
 Rainfall: 281.9 mm
 Death toll: 6,300
 Damage: ₱95.5 billion
2. Typhoon Odette (International Name: Rai)
 Year: 2021
 Wind speed: 280 km/h
 Rainfall: 272.1 mm
 Death toll: 409
 Damage: ₱51.8 billion

CAUSES OF TYPHOON TRANSFORMATION 


PRE-CONDITIONS OF TYPHOON FORMATION MONSOON TROUGH This is an extension of the Inter-
Tropical Convergence Zone where cyclonic spin has developed. The ITCZ is a trough is of low pressure created by the
convergence of the northeast and southeast trade winds.

TROPICAL UPPER TROPOSPHERIC TROUGH The typical low-pressure center that forms a typhoon starts at
the lower levels and is warm compared to its environment.
(high to low low to high pressure)
FRONT Stall over tropical water. A front has a cyclonic spin associated with it. If winds aloft become favorable with
little wind shear, showers and storms could become more numerous and cause a typhoon to form.
MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE SYSTEM These organized clusters of storms can move off a continental landmass
and drift over warm waters. If they already contain a small vortex in the cluster, this may make to region even more
favorable for tropical cyclone development.
(Convective clouds or cumuliform clouds (Cu) look like stacks of cotton balls. They form when warm humid air rises
through cooler surrounding air in the atmosphere. The buoyancy (tendency of objects to sink or rise due to density
differences with their surroundings) associated with the warm air drives strong updrafts.)

7 BASINS WHERE TROPICAL CYCLONE DEVELOPS 


NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN June 1- November 30. The most active period runs from about mid August through the
latter part of October. ( Caribbean, Bermuda, Central America etc.)
EASTERN NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN May 15 - November 30. This is the second most active region for tropical
cyclones in the world. These storms mostly move into the open eastern Pacific Ocean but can affect western Mexico
and sometimes after developing, Hawaii.
ARABIAN SEA ( Severe Cyclonic Storm) April 1 - December 30. This basin has a double maximum because the
monsoon trough moves through at two different times of the year.
SOUTHWEST PACIFIC OCEAN (STC) October 15 - May 1. These tropical cyclones may affect eastern Australia.
NORTHWEST PACIFIC OCEAN(Typhoon) All year. This is the most active basin in the world. Most typhoons form
between July through November. The tropical cyclones that form here can affect the Philippines, Southeast Asia,
China, Taiwan, and Japan.
SOUTHEAST INDEAN OCEAN ( STC) October 15 - May. These tropical cyclones may affect northern and western
Australia. This basin has a double maximum in mid January, and mid February through early March.
SOUTHWEST INDIAN OCEAN ( TC) October 15 - May 15. These tropical cyclones may affect Madagascar and
south-eastern Africa. A double maximum occurs in mid January and mid February through early March.

THE FOUR STAGES OF THE LIFE OF A TYPHOON mostly happens about 6 days
FORMATIVE STAGE 
IMMATURE STAGE
MATURE STAGE
DECAYING STAGE

EFFECTS OF TYPHOON
BUILDINGS AND INFRASTRUCTURE The two most destructive forces associated with typhoons are wind and
rain. According to the Green Fun website, typhoon winds can affect buildings and other structures in two ways:
through direct force and through projectiles. The heavy and persistent rainfall that typhoons bring can also have
devastating effects. In addition to making homes uninhabitable, the flooding associated with typhoons can make roads
impassable, which can cripple rescue and aid efforts.
TREES AND VEGETATION
WATERCRAFT AND WATER OPERATIONS
L I F E
ECONOMICAL EFFECTS • Different countries experience different types of natural calamities. US are known for
experiencing devastating hurricanes while Japan is prone to earthquakes and tsunamis. The Philippines, on the other
hand, has had its fair share of typhoons and tropical storms. Aside from Ondoy, our country has experienced several
devastating typhoons. In the table below, we summarize some of the most financially-damaging typhoons that our
country has dealt with
EFFECT ON THE STOCK MARKET • Aside from the economic effects of typhoons and floods, we also want to
show the effect of natural disasters on the stock market. A few days after typhoons Milenyo and Ondoy, the PSE Index
was slightly down compared to where it was before the typhoons occurred. Similarly, the PSE Index is down 0.4
percent, on lethargic trading, three days after the peak of the recent rains and floods.

POLICIES Suspension of Classes, Work and Activities during Typhoons


DepEd Order No. 28 series of 2005: GUIDELINES ON THE SUSPENSION OF CLASSES WHEN TYPHOONS
AND OTHER CALAMITIES OCCUR.
DEPED Order No. 50 s. 2007 with NDCC Memorandum No.7 s. 2006.  Philippine Storm SIGNAL WARNINGS
(PSWS) • Know your enemy: hazards and their effects • Identifying which these are–the elements most at risk–
indicates priorities for mitigation. • Vulnerability • Tools, powers and budgets. • PRECAUTIONARY MEASURES •
Natural Disaster Reduction Assessment

CONCLUSION/RECOMMENDATION • Natural disasters, both natural and manmade, can and will occur, often
with little or no warning. It has tremendous effect not only physically but also on the mental aspect of an individual
especially the younger ones.  Disasters often strike without warning and cause damages that limit or prevent an
adequate response. We have to commit ourselves to understanding these hazards and to applying techniques that
reduce our vulnerability. We need to explore the feasibility of concerted scientific and engineering efforts in reducing
the loss of life and property through programs of public education and of effective early warning system. The
development of warning systems with adequate range of monitoring instruments for the purpose of collecting
necessary data and information for disaster evaluation is necessary for establishing relative potential risks.

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