Binalonan, Pangasinan

MODULE 7: Sexual Aspect of Self

Course Title: Understanding the Self
Course Code: GE 1

Name: __________________________________________________________
Course and Year: _________________________________________________
Contact Number/E -mail Address: _____________________________________
Date and Time Allotment: ___________________________________________

Introduction
Talking about sex should be deemed normal for there is a need for people to learn more about their
sexuality. Academic institutions are the best space to educate people about sexuality and sexual behaviors
under the topic sex education. The goal of including sex education in the secondary level curriculum is to battle
ignorance of the youth on sex, sexuality, relationships, and sexual health and thus help them make more
informed decisions as they grow into sexually healthy adults. This topic is necessary for understanding sex in
different contexts and education has been regarded as the key to combat ignorance. Conservatism anchored
on religious belief may hinder full understanding of one’s sexual well-being.

I. Objectives
At the end of the end of this module, students should be able to:
1. Be familiar with the human reproductive system and the human sexual response, and behavior that
comprise the sexual aspect of the self.
2. Demonstrate reflective thought about different stages of love; and
3. Explain the various sexually transmitted diseases and infections and ways to prevent them through
methods of contraception.
II. Lectures
The Difference between Sex, Gender, and Sexuality
When filling out a document such as a job application or school registration form you are often asked to
provide your name, address, phone number, birth date, and sex. But have you ever been asked to provide
your gender? As with most people, it may not have occurred to you that sex and gender are not the same.
However, sociologists and most other social scientist view sex and gender as conceptually distinct.

Sex refers to physical or physiological differences between males and females, including both primary
sex characteristics (the reproductive system) and secondary characteristics with the aid of hormones. Gender
is a term that refers to social or cultural distinctions and roles associated with being male or female, although
gender comes in a wide spectrum. As gender is such a primary dimension of identity, socialization, institutional
participation, and life chances, sociologists refer to it as a core status.

The distinction between sex and gender is key to being able to examine gender and sexuality as social
variables rather than biological variables. Contrary to the common way of thinking about it, gender is not
determined by biology in any simple way. For example, the anthropologist Margaret Mead’s cross-cultural
research in New Guinea, in the 1930’s, was groundbreaking in its demonstration that cultures differ markedly in
the ways that they perceive the gender “temperaments” of men and women; i.e; their masculinity and
femininity (Mead, 1963). Unlike the qualities that defined masculinity and femininity in North America at the
time, she saw both genders among the Arapesh as sensitive, gentle, cooperative, and passive. Whereas
among the Mundugumor both genders were assertive, violent, jealous, and aggressive. Among the Tchambuli,
she described male and female temperaments as the opposite of those observed in North America. The
women appeared assertive, domineering, emotionally inexpressive, and managerial, while the men appeared
emotionally dependent, fragile, and less responsible.

The dichotomous view of gender (the notion that one is either male or female) is specific to certain
cultures and is not universal. In some cultures, gender is viewed as fluid. In the past, some anthropologists
used the term “berdache” or two-spirit person to refer to individuals who occasionally or permanently
dressed and lived as the opposite gender. The practice has been noted among certain Aboriginal groups
(Jacobs, Thomas, and Lang, 1997). Samoan culture accepts what they refer to as the “third gender”.
Fa’afafine, which translates as “the way of the woman” is a term used to describe individuals who are born
biologically male but embody both masculine and feminine traits. Fa’afafines are considered an important part
of Samoan culture. Individuals from other cultures may mislabel them as homosexuals because fa’afafines
have varied sexual life that may include men or women (Poasa, 1992).

Sexuality
Sexuality refers to a person’s capacity for sexual feelings and their emotional and sexual attraction to a
particular sex.
Types of Sexuality:
Sexuality or sexual orientation is typically divided into five categories:
 Asexual, no attraction to either sex.
 Bisexual, the attraction to individuals of either sex.
 Heterosexual, the attraction to individuals of the opposite sex
 Homosexual, the attraction to individuals of one’s own sex.
 Pansexual, attracted to people of any gender identity.

Heterosexuals and homosexuals may also be referred to informally as “straight” and “gay”, respectively.
North America is a heteronormative society, meaning it supports heterosexuality as the norm, (referred to as
heteronormative society, meaning it supports heterosexuality as the norm, (referred to as heteronormativity).
Consider that homosexuals are often asked, “When did you know you were gay?” but heterosexuals are rarely
asked, “When did you know that you were straight?” (Ryle, 2011).

According to current scientific understanding, individuals are usually aware of their sexual
orientation between middle childhood and early adolescence (American Psychological Association,
2008). They do not have to participate in sexual activity to be aware of these emotional, romantic, and physical
attractions; people can be celibate and still recognize their sexual orientation. Homosexual women (also
referred to as lesbians), homosexual men (also referred to as gays), and bisexuals of both genders may have
very different experiences of discovering and accepting their sexual orientation. At the point of puberty, some
may be able to claim their sexual orientations while others may be unready or unwilling to make their
homosexuality or bisexuality known since it goes against North American society’s historical norms (APA,
2008).

There is no scientific consensus regarding the exact reasons why an individual holds a heterosexual,
homosexual, or bisexual orientation. There has been research conducted to study the possible genetic,
hormonal, developmental, social, and cultural influences on sexual orientation, but there has been no
evidence that links sexual orientation to one factor (APA, 2008). Research, however, does present
evidence showing that homosexuals and bisexuals are treated differently than heterosexuals in schools, the
workplace, and the military. The 2009 Canadian Climate Survey reported that 59% of LGBT (lesbian, gay,
bisexual & transgender) high school students had been subject to verbal harassment at school compared to
7% of non-LGBT students; 25% had been subject to physical harassment compared to 8% of non-LGBT
students.

Sex, Gender, & Sexuality Summary

Sex refers to a person’s sexual anatomy (his or her sexual body parts). This pertains to a person’s sexual
physical and physiological aspects such as the sex organ, sex chromosomes, and hormonal make-ups. This
could be Male, Female, or Intersex.
Gender refers to how a person feels about himself as a boy/man or feels about herself as a girl/woman.
Gender Identity is the term for how a person self-identifies in terms of being a boy/man or a girl/woman.
Gender Role refers to social roles that are assigned by a society according to gender.
Sexual Orientation is the term we use to refer to a person’s sexual (erotic) feelings. So, when we talk about
person being heterosexual, homosexual, or bisexual, or gay, straight, or bi, we are talking about a person’s
sexual orientation in particular.
Development of Secondary Sex Characteristics and the Human Reproductive Organ
During adolescence, boys and girls develop their secondary sex characteristics along with other
physical changes they experience in this stage. In the stages of human growth and development, and
individual becomes physically mature upon reaching the stage of puberty. Physical changes during
adolescence are brought about by sex hormones from the testes and ovaries of males and females,
respectively. Usually, the increase in testosterone takes place at the age of 12 to 14 years for males while the
increase in estrogen and progesterone takes place at the age of 10 to 12 years for females. Rapid growth and
changes happen at the age of 16 to 17 years in males and 15 to 17 years for females.
For males, physical changes include rapid increase in height and weight, growth of Adam’s apple,
deepening of voice, widening of shoulders, appearance and growth of pubic hair, and underarm and facial hair,
among others. Whereas for females, changes include rapid increase in height and weight, onset of
menstruation, development of breasts and hips, among others.
Male Reproductive System
The main function of male reproductive system is for the production of sperm for the fertilization of the
ovum.
1.) Penis – the primary male sex organ. It has a long shaft and an enlarged tip called the glans penis.
2.) Testes or Testicles – responsible for the production of sperm cells and testosterone, the male sex
hormone.
3.) Vas deferens – the tube that connects the testes with the urethra. It serves as a passageway of the
sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory ducts for ejaculation.
4.) Scrotum – the sac of skin that carries and protects the testes.
5.) Sperm – the male sex cell. It is produced in the testes and mature epididymis and passes from the vas
deferens to the urethra. The sperm is released out of the male reproductive system through the semen,
the fluid that carries the sperm along with a range of organic and inorganic constituents.
6.) Prostate Gland – a gland that surrounds the upper part of the urethra just below the bladder. It
secretes fluids that nourish and protect the sperm.
7.) Epididymis – long-coiled tube located at the back of the testicle that sores and carries sperm.

SPERM CELL

Female Reproductive System

The function of the Female Reproductive System is for the production, transportation, and fertilization of
eggs and the production of sex hormones.
1.) Ovary - the female reproductive organ located in the pelvic cavity which produces ova/ovum (egg cell)
and secretes the female hormones, progesterone and estrogen
2.) Ovum – the egg cell, once matured unites with a male sperm to form a fertilized egg.
3.) Fallopian Tubes or Oviducts – extend from the uterus to the ovaries. The primary function of the
tubes is to carry the egg cell from the ovary to the uterus.
4.) Uterus – the thick-walled, pea- shaped muscular organ that lies above the urinary bladder. It nurtures
the fertilized ovum that develops into the fetus and it carries the baby until its birth.
5.) Cervix – the lower part of the uterus. It directs the sperm into the uterus during sexual intercourse.
6.) Vagina – the elastic passageway from the cervix to the outside of the female body. It receives the penis
during sexual intercourse and it is where the baby passes during childbirth.
7.) Vulva- the external genital organ of the female. It consists the labia minora, labia majora, mons pubis,
clitoris, vestibules, and the vaginal opening.
Erogenous Zones
An erogenous zone or “hot spots” is a part of the body that is highly sensitive and the stimulation of
which leads to sexual responses such as relaxations, fantasies, arousal, and orgasm. The stimulation of an
individual’s erogenous zone is considered an act of physical intimacy. These zones differ between male and
female bodies.

MALE BODY FEMALE BODY

Mouth Mouth
Lips Lips
Neck Neck
Ears Ears
Nipples Nipples
Scrotum Breasts
Perineum (the area between the anus and scrotum) Cervix (lower end of the uterus
Penis Vagina
Clitoris

Sexual Response Cycle

Sexual response cycle is a model that describes the physiological responses that occur during sexual
activity. This model was created by William Masters and Virginia Johnson. The cycle is divided into four
phases.
Phase 1: Excitement

General characteristics of the excitement phase, which can last from a few minutes to several hours, include
the following:

 Muscle tension increases.

 Heart rate quickens and breathing is accelerated.
 Skin may become flushed (blotches of redness appear on the chest and back).
 Nipples become hardened or erect.
 Blood flow to the genitals increases, resulting in swelling of the woman's clitoris and labia minora (inner
lips), and erection of the man's penis.
 Vaginal lubrication begins.
 The woman's breasts become fuller and the vaginal walls begin to swell.
 The man's testicles swell, his scrotum tightens, and he begins secreting a lubricating liquid.

Phase 2: Plateau

General characteristics of the plateau phase, which extends to the brink of orgasm, include the following:

 The changes begun in phase 1 are intensified.

 The vagina continues to swell from increased blood flow, and the vaginal walls turn a dark purple.
 The woman's clitoris becomes highly sensitive (may even be painful to touch) and retracts under the
clitoral hood to avoid direct stimulation from the penis.
 The man's testicles tighten.
 Breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure continue to increase.
 Muscle spasms may begin in the feet, face, and hands.
 Muscle tension increases.

Phase 3: Orgasm

The orgasm is the climax of the sexual response cycle. It is the shortest of the phases and generally lasts only
a few seconds. General characteristics of this phase include the following:

 Involuntary muscle contractions begin.
 Blood pressure, heart rate, and breathing are at their highest rates, with a rapid intake of oxygen.
 Muscles in the feet spasm.
 There is a sudden, forceful release of sexual tension.
 In women, the muscles of the vagina contract. The uterus also undergoes rhythmic contractions.
 In men, rhythmic contractions of the muscles at the base of the penis result in the ejaculation of semen.
 A rash, or "sex flush" may appear over the entire body.

Phase 4: Resolution

During resolution, the body slowly returns to its normal level of functioning, and swelled and erect body parts return
to their previous size and color. This phase is marked by a general sense of well-being, enhanced  intimacy and,
often, fatigue. Some women are capable of a rapid return to the orgasm phase with further sexual stimulation and
may experience multiple orgasms. Men need recovery time after orgasm, called a refractory period, during which
they cannot reach orgasm again. The duration of the refractory period varies among men and usually lengthens
with advancing age.
Understanding the Chemistry of Lust, Attraction, and Attachment
Lust (libido or sex drive) is characterized by the desire for sexual gratification which is inherent to
every living organism. For humans, this is associated with the sex hormones, testosterone (for males) and
estrogen (for females).
Attraction (passionate or obsessive love, infatuation) is characterized by intense attention given to
a desired partner. An individual with a high degree of attraction towards another person craves for emotional
union with that person. Sometimes when one is dominated by passion, one tends to do stupid and foolish acts.
This stage is driven by chemicals and hormones like adrenaline, dopamine, and serotonin.
1) Adrenaline – is released by the body for “fight” or “flight” response. For instance, after surprisingly
meeting one’s object of affection, this hormone will activate one’s stress response such as sweating
and drying of the mouth.
2.) Dopamine – ignites an intense rush of pleasure when released. High levels of neurotransmitter like
dopamine causes increased energy, less need for food and sleep, and focused attention to one’s desired
partner.
 3.) Serotonin - is attributed to “falling in love” as this hormone makes a person think of his or her desired
partner at most times.
Attachment (companionate love) is characterized by the desire of couple to stay together. A person who is
already attached feels comfort and security from his or her partner. This phase includes behaviors anchored on
long-term companionship. This stage is driven by two major hormones, namely oxytocin and vasopressin.
1.) Oxytocin (cuddle hormone) – is released during orgasm or when one is physical in-touched with
another body such as hugging or cuddling. The feeling of attachment becomes more intense after a
couple has as a sexual intercourse.

2.) Arginine Vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone) / (ADH) – is released after sexual intercourse.
Scientists discovered the role of vasopressin in attachment by studying prairie vole, small creatures
(like mice) that form monogamous bonds like humans. When male prairie voles were injected a drug
that suppresses vasopressin, they began neglecting their partners.

After orgasm, levels of vasopressin rise in men; levels of oxytocin rise in women. These hormones are
known to cause attachment, and probably contribute to the feeling of closeness after sexual
intercourse. (Fisher, 2000)

The Diversity of Sexual Behaviors

Sexual behaviors and/or activities may come in form of masturbation, premarital sex, extramarital sex,
heterosexuality, homosexuality, and bisexuality.
Masturbation is a sexual act of stimulating one’s own genitals done alone by an individual.
Premarital sex refers to the sexual activities people engage in outside of marriage. For certain religions, this is
considered unacceptable for there is a belief that it is only through marriage that man and woman could
partake in sexual activities.
Marital sex are the sexual activities that happen within the bounds of marriage.
Extramarital sex are sexual activities that married people engage in with people they are not married to.
Extramarital sex happens among people engaged in extramarital affairs. This is considered unlawful and
unacceptable in society for it is a practice of infidelity.
Heterosexuality is a sexual behavior and sexual attraction and activities between persons of the opposite sex.
Homosexuality is a sexual behavior and sexual attraction and activities between two persons of the same
sex.
Bisexuality refers to asexual behavior of one who engages in sexual acts with someone from the opposite or
same sex.
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) refer to heath conditions that are passed on from a person to
another person through sexual contact. STD can be contracted through having unprotected sex with someone
who has STD.
1.) Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
AIDS is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which is spread through unprotected sexual
intercourse with an infected person or through using a contaminated needle to inject drugs. It can also be
spread through intravenous drug use and much less commonly, blood, blood products, needles, or other sharp
instruments contaminated with infected body fluids or blood.

Upon entering the circulation, the HIV microorganisms abduct a type of white blood cell known as T-helper
lymphocytes (also known as CD4 cells, T cells or helper-Ts). In a person with a healthy immune system, T-
cells band together to help defend the body against diseases. But the hijacked T-cells are forced to mass-
produce copies of HIV. Left untreated, helper T cells mass produce large numbers of HIV, this further depletes
the number of normal helper-Ts in the blood stream, rendering the individual vulnerable to AIDS defining
illness.

Opportunistic illnesses pose minimal threat when the immune system is functioning properly, however when
the body’s defenses are down, as in AIDS, they seize the opportunity to create havoc.
 2.) Chlamydia
Chlamydia is the result of the Chlamydia trachomatis bacterium, which can infect the urethra (bladder opening)
and cervix (uterus opening). It is common in youngsters aged fifteen to nineteen. The disease is easily treated,
but like other sexually transmitted infections, chlamydia tends to be silent and therefore go undiagnosed until it
becomes more serious than in its early stages.

3.) Gonorrhea
Chlamydia infection is sometimes confused with gonorrhea, another bacterial infection transmitted through
vaginal and anal intercourse, and oral sex. Not only do they share many of the same symptoms, the two
diseases can occur together.

Gonorrhea usually begins in the urethra (bladder opening) or the cervix. However, the rapidly proliferating
Neisseria gonorrhea bacterium can migrate to the uterus and the fallopian tubes, giving rise to pelvic
inflammatory disease (PID). The infection, like chlamydia, may also involve the rectum.

4.) Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)

A number of different microorganisms can cause pelvic inflammatory disease of the upper female reproductive
tract. The two most common culprits are Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhea, which account for
four in five cases.

Sexually active girls aged fifteen to nineteen are the most vulnerable population, partly because they are more
likely than other age groups to have multiple sex partners.

PID from chlamydia infection typically produces mild symptoms or none at all, but should be treated promptly.
Otherwise, like other forms of PID, it can inflame and scar the ovaries and the fallopian tubes.

Because PID affects the fallopian tubes, where conception takes place, if the scarring is severe enough, the
male sperm may be prevented from reaching the female egg. In other words, sterility can be the final outcome
of PID.

5.) Genital Warts and Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

Scientists have identified more than one hundred types of this virus. A number of them are passed from one
person to another during unprotected sex and cause benign genital warts (condylomata acuminata). Other
human papillomaviruses are responsible for four in five cases of cervical cancer, in addition to several other
genital malignancies.

HPV is another, often silent, STI. According to the National Institute of AIDS and Infectious Diseases, almost
half the women harboring the virus exhibit no symptoms at all. Genital warts typically appear in clusters inside
and outside the vagina, the cervix and/or the anus. Male venereal warts, which are far less common, form on
the penis, the scrotum and/or around the anus. The pinkish or flesh-colored growths often vanish on their own.

The interventions for genital warts differ from those for other STIs. Most cases can be managed with topical
treatment of the warts, though the lesions tend to return. Large warts may have to be removed using one of
several surgical procedures: cryosurgery (freezing), electrocautery (burning) or laser surgery.

6.) Genital Herpes (HSV-1, HSV-2)

There are two types of herpes simplex viruses, the highly contagious virus that causes genital herpes. “Herpes
simplex 2 usually occurs on or around the vagina, the penis, the anus or on the buttocks and thighs,” says Dr.
Fisher, “whereas herpes simplex type 1 generally causes cold sores around the outside of the mouth, or
blisters on the gums or in the throat.” However, HSV-1 sometimes infects the genital-anal area, while both
types can be transmitted to the mouth via oral sex.

Because the virus permanently inhabits sensory nerves at the base of the spinal cord, genital herpes is a
chronic, lifelong condition. Most of the time, HSV lies dormant. But it is reactivated periodically and produces
sores or vesicles—most notably, clusters of tiny ulcers that resemble cold sores. These outbreaks, which
typically last about one week, should be taken as a warning that the disease is contagious. The virus travels up
the nerves that lead to the surface of the skin, where it proliferates, giving rise to new sores. (Initial symptoms
of genital herpes tend to be more severe and longer-lasting than subsequent episodes.) The disease can be
infectious even if no sores or lesions are present.

7.) Syphilis
Until the early 1940s, when the antibiotic penicillin entered into widespread commercial use, epidemics of
syphilis had been reported for centuries. Even today the onetime scourge can be fatal if left untreated. The
bacterium Treponema pallidum eventually slips into the bloodstream, which sends it to organs outside the
reproductive tract.

Since syphilis chancres aren’t painful and typically heal within four to six weeks, most boys don’t see a doctor.
They assume the mysterious sore is gone for good, but one-third of men and women exposed to primary
syphilis progress to a secondary infection. A few weeks after the chancre heals, they come down with a rash
on the palms of their hands and the soles of their feet. The reddish-brown spots, about the size of a penny, can
spread anywhere on the body. Other unwanted symptoms soon follow. Syphilis is still highly treatable at this
point. However, a pregnant woman with primary or secondary syphilis will almost certainly transmit the
bacterium to her fetus. Infection early in fetal life leads to death and abortion; infection later in pregnancy leads
to a variety of problems including anemia, bleeding, swollen glands and infection of the various organs, such
as the lungs, spleen and brain.

Methods of Contraception

Since there is no perfect method of contraception, one must take into consideration the following
factors in choosing a particular method.

1.) It should be safe enough. There should be no unwanted side-effect for every individual using the
contraceptive.
2.) It should be efficient in averting unwanted pregnancy.
3.) It should be simple and easy to use
4.) It should be available at any time

Reversible Methods of Birth Control

1. Intrauterine Contraception

a. Levonorgestrel intrauterine system (LNG IUD)—The LNG IUD is a small T-shaped device like the
Copper T IUD. It is placed inside the uterus by a doctor. It releases a small amount of progestin each
day to keep the woman from getting pregnant. The LNG IUD stays in the uterus for up to 3 to 6 years,
depending on the device. Typical use failure rate: 0.1-0.4%

b. Copper T intrauterine device (IUD)—This IUD is a small device that is shaped in the form of a “T.”
The doctor places it inside the uterus to prevent pregnancy. It can stay in the uterus for up to 10 years.
Typical use failure rate: 0.8%

2. Hormonal Methods

a. Implant—The implant is a single, thin rod that is inserted under the skin of a women’s upper arm. The
rod contains a progestin that is released into the body over 3 years. Typical use failure rate: 0.1%

b. Injection or “shot”—Women get shots of the hormone progestin in the buttocks or arm every three
months from their doctor. Typical use failure rate: 4%

c. Combined oral contraceptives—Also called “the pill,” combined oral contraceptives contain the
hormones estrogen and progestin. It is prescribed by a doctor. A pill is taken at the same time each
day. If you are older than 35 years and smoke, have a history of blood clots or breast cancer, your
doctor may advise you not to take the pill. Typical use failure rate: 7%

d. Progestin only pill—Unlike the combined pill, the progestin-only pill (sometimes called the mini-pill)
only has one hormone, progestin, instead of both estrogen and progestin. It is prescribed by a doctor. It
is taken at the same time each day. It may be a good option for women who can’t take estrogen.
Typical use failure rate: 7%

e. Patch—This skin patch is worn on the lower abdomen, buttocks, or upper body (but not on the
breasts). This method is prescribed by a doctor. It releases hormones progestin and estrogen into the
bloodstream. You put on a new patch once a week for three weeks. During the fourth week, you do not
wear a patch, so you can have a menstrual period. Typical use failure rate: 7%

f. Hormonal vaginal contraceptive ring—The ring releases the hormones progestin and estrogen. You
place the ring inside your vagina. You wear the ring for three weeks, take it out for the week you have
your period, and then put in a new ring. Typical use failure rate: 7%

3. Barrier Methods

a. Diaphragm or cervical cap—Each of these barrier methods are placed inside the vagina to cover the
cervix to block sperm. The diaphragm is shaped like a shallow cup. The cervical cap is a thimble-
shaped cup. Before sexual intercourse, you insert them with spermicide to block or kill sperm. Visit your
doctor for a proper fitting because diaphragms and cervical caps come in different sizes. Typical use
failure rate for the diaphragm: 17%
 b. Sponge—The contraceptive sponge contains spermicide and is placed in the vagina where it fits over
the cervix. The sponge works for up to 24 hours, and must be left in the vagina for at least 6 hours after
the last act of intercourse, at which time it is removed and discarded. Typical use failure rate: 14% for
women who have never had a baby and 27% for women who have had a baby

c. Male condom—Worn by the man, a male condom keeps sperm from getting into a woman’s body.
Latex condoms, the most common type, help prevent pregnancy, and HIV and other STDs, as do the
newer synthetic condoms. “Natural” or “lambskin” condoms also help prevent pregnancy, but may not
provide protection against STDs, including HIV. Typical use failure rate: 13%. 1 Condoms can only be
used once. You can buy condoms, KY jelly, or water-based lubricants at a drug store. Do not use oil-
based lubricants such as massage oils, baby oil, lotions, or petroleum jelly with latex condoms. They
will weaken the condom, causing it to tear or break.

d. Female condom—Worn by the woman, the female condom helps keeps sperm from getting into her
body. It is packaged with a lubricant and is available at drug stores. It can be inserted up to eight hours
before sexual intercourse. Typical use failure rate: 21%,1 and also may help prevent STDs.

e. Spermicides—These products work by killing sperm and come in several forms—foam, gel, cream,
film, suppository, or tablet. They are placed in the vagina no more than one hour before intercourse.
You leave them in place at least six to eight hours after intercourse. You can use a spermicide in
addition to a male condom, diaphragm, or cervical cap. They can be purchased at drug stores. Typical
use failure rate: 21%

Permanent Methods of Birth Control

1. Female Sterilization—Tubal ligation or “tying tubes”— A woman can have her fallopian tubes tied
(or closed) so that sperm and eggs cannot meet for fertilization. The procedure can be done in a
hospital or in an outpatient surgical center. You can go home the same day of the surgery and resume
your normal activities within a few days. This method is effective immediately. Typical use failure rate:
0.5%

2. Male Sterilization–Vasectomy—This operation is done to keep a man’s sperm from going to his
penis, so his ejaculate never has any sperm in it that can fertilize an egg. The procedure is typically
done at an outpatient surgical center. The man can go home the same day. Recovery time is less than
one week. After the operation, a man visits his doctor for tests to count his sperm and to make sure the
sperm count has dropped to zero; this takes about 12 weeks. Another form of birth control should be
used until the man’s sperm count has dropped to zero. Typical use failure rate: 0.15%

III. Activity

ACT. 7.1

The second stage of love is attraction. This is characterized by too much attention given to a
desired partner. Have you experienced being attracted to another person? Describe your feeling during
this stage of love. If you have not experienced being attracted to another person, what do you think is
the feeling of being attracted to another person?

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ACT. 7.2
a. It is natural to feel attracted to another person. What are the factors that “turn you on” to another
person? List down the physical and attitudinal or behavioral traits that you find appealing.
PHYSICAL TRAITS ATTITUDINAL/BEHAVIORAL TRAITS
b.) How important are these traits in selecting a partner or in entering into a relationship? Explain your
answer.
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IV. Assessment

Complete the table by listing 7 sexually transmitted diseases or infection and their causes and
symptoms.

STD/STI CAUSE SYMPTOMS

Prepared by:

REZZIE P. MENSALVAS, CHRA

Instructor

Submitted to:

RAYMOND N. CLARO, PhD.

Asst. Dean, College of Teacher Education