NUTRITION AND DIET THERAPY LABORATORY CSSYNNSRJ

COMPUTATION IN NUTRITION body's most basic (basal) functions, like

breathing, circulation and cell production. BMR is
Many modern nutrition plans give you most accurately measured in a lab setting under
macronutrient percentages to aim for – for very restrictive conditions.
example, 50 percent carbohydrates, 30 percent  Resting metabolic rate is a measurement of the
fats and 20 percent protein – instead of strict number of calories that your body burns at rest.
kilocalorie goals or grams. But most nutrition Resting metabolic rate is usually measured in the
labeling tells you your carbohydrate intake in terms morning before you eat or exercise and after a
of grams. A few simple calculations make it easy to full night of restful sleep.
reconcile your carbohydrate intake in grams with FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE YOUR BMR
your goal percentage of total kilocalories
 Some situations temporarily affect your BMR,
consumed.
such as eating spicy foods or going out in frigid
DETERMINING PERCENTAGE weather. But there are only a few things that can
 Carbohydrates provides 4 kilocalories of energy affect your BMR for the long term.
 Protein provides 4 kilocalories of energy  Age: BMR usually decreases with age, which
 Fats provides 9 kilocalories of energy means many people may need to adjust their diet
MULTIPLY GRAMS BY KILOCALORIES as they get older to avoid weight gain.
 So, if you consumed 275 grams of carbohydrates  Weight: Heavier individuals have a higher BMR.
today, that would be:  Height: The taller you are, the more mass you are
275 grams × 4 kilocalories/gram = 1100 likely to have, influencing BMR. Height compared
kilocalories to weight also helps determine how much fat-
free vs. fat mass you have, which also affects
 If you consumed 180 grams of protein today, BMR.
that would be:  Sex: Men typically have a higher BMR than
180 grams × 4 kilocalories/gram = 720 kilocalories women due to higher muscle mass and bone
density.
 If you consumed 150 grams of fats today, that  Genetics: Your genetics could influence your
would be: BMR. This is a factor that formulas cannot
150 grams × 9 kilocalories/gram = 1350 determine or account for.
kilocalories  Body composition: Muscle mass expends more
energy than fat mass. The higher your muscle
 By adding the kcal of carbohydrates, protein and mass, the higher your BMR can be, but this only
fats you will get the total kcal for today and to accounts for a small amount of your energy
get the percentage you will divide the expenditure.2
carbohydrates, protein and fats kcal for the total  Menopause: If you're going through it or have
kcal. been through it, you already know your BMR
 Carbohydrates has 1100 kilocalories usually goes down during this period of time,
 Protein has 720 kilocalories meaning you're burning fewer calories.
 Fats has 1350 kilocalories CALCULATE YOUR BMR
3170 kilocalories  The Harris-Benedict Equation is often used to
Carbohydrates 1100/3170 = 0.35 × 100 = 35% estimate basal metabolic rate.
of carbohydrates
Protein 720/3170 = 0.23 × 100 =  Men: BMR = 88.362 + (13.397 x weight in kg) +
23% of protein (4.799 x height in cm) - (5.677 x age in years)
Fats 1350/3170 = 0.43 × 100 = 43% of  Women: BMR = 447.593 + (9.247 x weight in kg)
fats + (3.098 x height in cm) - (4.330 x age in years)

BASAL METABOLISM  For example, a 42-year-old male who is 5 feet 8

 Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is the total number of inches (173 centimeters) tall and weighs 200
calories that your body needs to perform basic, pounds (91 kilograms) would use these numbers
life-sustaining functions. These basal functions in the equation:
include circulation, breathing, cell production,
nutrient processing, protein synthesis, and ion  (88.4 + 13.4 x 91) + (4.8 x 173) - (5.68 x 42) =
transport. _______calories burned each day just to keep the
 Some experts use the terms basal metabolic rate body alive.
(BMR) and resting metabolic rate (RMR) MIFFLIN-ST JEOR EQUATION
interchangeably. These two terms are very  The equations for males and females are:
similar. But there is a slight difference in the
definition of BMR and the definition of RMR that  Men: (10 × weight in kg) + (6.25 × height in cm) -
is helpful to understand. (5 × age in years) + 5
 Basal metabolic rate is a measurement of the  Women: (10 × weight in kg) + (6.25 × height in
number of calories needed to perform your cm) - (5 × age in years) - 161
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 NUTRITION AND DIET THERAPY LABORATORY CSSYNNSRJ
 As an example, for a 38-year old female, who BMI Category
stands 5’6” (167.6 cm) and weighs 145 pounds < 16.0 Severely Underweight
(65.9 kg)
16.0 - 18.4 Underweight
 Women: (10 × 65.9kg) + (6.25 × 167.6cm) - (5 ×
38) – 161 = ________or _______calories 18.5 - 24.9 Normal
COMPUTATION OF DBW 25.0 - 29.9 Overweight
By Tannhauser’s Method 30.0 - 34.9 Moderately Obese
35.0 - 39.9 Severely Obese
Height in cm – 100 cm
Take 10% of the remainder and subtract answer > 40.0 Morbidly Obese
from remainder

Example:
DBW of 45 years old male, 5’4 tall
Height = 5’4” = 64 inches = 162.56 cm
162.56cm – 100 cm = 62.56cm
10% of 62.56cm = 6.256
62.56kg – 6.256 = DBW kg
56.3 kg = DBW
56.3kg = 125lbs = DBW
Compute for DBW
35 years old female, 5’2” tall
BODY MASS INDEX
 Body mass index (BMI) is an estimate of body fat
based on height and weight. It doesn’t measure
body fat directly, but instead uses an equation to
make an approximation. BMI can help determine
whether a person is at an unhealthy or healthy
weight.
 A high BMI can be a sign of too much fat on the
body, while a low BMI can be a sign of too little
fat on the body. The higher a person’s BMI, the
greater their chances of developing certain
serious conditions, such as heart disease, high
blood pressure, and diabetes. A very low BMI can
also cause health problems, including bone loss,
decreased immune function, and anemia.
 While BMI can be useful in screening children and
adults for body weight problems, it does have its
limits. BMI may overestimate the amount of body
fat in athletes and other people with very
muscular bodies. It may also underestimate the
amount of body fat in older adults and other
people who have lost muscle mass.
BMI FORMULA BMI = weight (kg) ÷ height2 (m)
Matilda weighs 64 kg and is 1.9 meters tall. What
is her BMI?

BMI = w ÷ h2
BMI = 64 ÷ 1.9
BMI = 64 ÷ 3.61
BMI = 17.7

BMI WEIGHT STATUS

Below 18.5 Underweight
18.5-24.9 Normal
25.0-29.9 Overweight
30.0 ad above Obese
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