Class X Chapter 10 – Circles Maths

______________________________________________________________________________
Exercise – 10.1

1. Fill in the blanks

(i) The common point of tangent and the circle is called point of contact.
(ii) A circle may have two parallel tangents.
(iii) A tangent to a circle intersects it in one point.
(iv) A line intersecting a circle in two points A called a secant.
(v) The angle between tangent at a point P on circle and radius through the point is 90°.
Sol:

Point of contact
P
Tangent
90°

Secant

2. How many tangents can a circle have?

Sol:
Tangent: A line intersecting circle in one point is called a tangent.

As there are infinite number of points on the circle a circle has many (infinite) tangents.

3. O is the center of a circle of radius 8cm. The tangent at a point A on the circle cuts a line
through O at B such that AB = 15 cm. Find OB
Sol:
Consider a circle with center O and radius OA = 8cm = r, AB = 15 cm.
Class X Chapter 10 – Circles Maths
______________________________________________________________________________

O B

(AB) tangent is drawn at A (point of contact)

At point of contact, we know that radius and tangent are perpendicular.
In ∆OAB, ∠OAB = 90°, By Pythagoras theorem
𝑂𝐵 2 = 𝑂𝐴2 + 𝐴𝐵 2
𝑂𝐵 = √82 + 152
= √64 + 225 = √229 = 17 𝑐𝑚
∴ 𝑂𝐵 = 17 𝑐𝑚

4. If the tangent at point P to the circle with center O cuts a line through O at Q such that PQ
= 24cm and OQ = 25 cm. Find the radius of circle
Sol:
Given,
PQ = 24 cm
OQ = 25 cm
OP = radius = ?
P

O 25 cm Q

P is point of contact, At point of contact, tangent and radius are perpendicular to each other
∴ ∆POQ is right angled triangle ∠OPQ = 90°
By Pythagoras theorem,
𝑃𝑄 2 + 𝑂𝑃2 = 𝑂𝑄 2
⇒ 242 + 𝑂𝑃2 = 252
⇒ 𝑂𝑃 = √252 − 242 = √625 − 576
= √49 = 7𝑐𝑚
∴ 𝑂𝑃 = 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠 = 7𝑐𝑚
Class X Chapter 10 – Circles Maths
______________________________________________________________________________

Exercise – 10.2

1. If PT is a tangent at T to a circle whose center is O and OP = 17 cm, OT = 8 cm. Find the

length of tangent segment PT.
Sol:
OT = radius = 8cm
OP = 17cm
PT = length of tangent = ?
T

8 cm

O 17 cm P

T is point of contact. We know that at point of contact tangent and radius are perpendicular.
∴ OTP is right angled triangle ∠OTP = 90°, from Pythagoras theorem 𝑂𝑇 2 + 𝑃𝑇 2 = 𝑂𝑃2
82 + 𝑃𝑇 2 = 172
PT √172 − 82 = √289 − 64
= √225 = 15𝑐𝑚
∴ PT = length of tangent = 15 cm.

2. Find the length of a tangent drawn to a circle with radius 5cm, from a point 13 cm from the
center of the circle.
Sol:
Consider a circle with center O.
OP = radius = 5 cm.
A tangent is drawn at point P, such that line through O intersects it at Q, OB = 13cm.
Length of tangent PQ = ?
P

Q O

A + P, we know that tangent and radius are perpendicular.

∆𝑂𝑃𝑄 is right angled triangle, ∠OPQ = 90°
𝐵𝑦 𝑝𝑦𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑔𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚, 𝑂𝑄 2 = 𝑂𝑃2 + 𝑃𝑄 2
⇒ 132 = 52 + 𝑃𝑄 2
⇒ 𝑃𝑄 2 = 169 − 25 = 144
Class X Chapter 10 – Circles Maths
______________________________________________________________________________

⇒ PQ = √144 = 12𝑐𝑚
Length of tangent = 12 cm

3. A point P is 26 cm away from O of circle and the length PT of the tangent drawn from P to
the circle is 10 cm. Find the radius of the circle.
Sol:
Given OP = 26 cm
PT = length of tangent = 10cm
radius = OT = ?
10 T
P

26
O

At point of contact, radius and tangent are perpendicular ∠OTP = 90°, ∆OTP is right
angled triangle.
By Pythagoras theorem, 𝑂𝑃2 = 𝑂𝑇 2 + 𝑃𝑇 2
262 = 𝑂𝑇 2 + 102
𝑘
𝑂𝑇 𝑘 = (√676 − 100)
𝑂𝑇 = √576
= 24 cm
OT = length of tangent = 24 cm

4. If from any point on the common chord of two intersecting circles, tangents be drawn to
circles, prove that they are equal.
Sol:
Let the two circles intersect at points X and Y.
XY is the common chord.
Suppose ‘A’ is a point on the common chord and AM and AN be the tangents drawn A to
the circle
We need to show that AM = AN.

In order to prove the above relation, following property will be used.

Class X Chapter 10 – Circles Maths
______________________________________________________________________________
“Let PT be a tangent to the circle from an external point P and a secant to the circle through
P intersects the circle at points A and B, then 𝑃𝑇 2 = 𝑃𝐴 × 𝑃𝐵"
Now AM is the tangent and AXY is a secant ∴ 𝐴𝑀2 = 𝐴𝑋 × 𝐴𝑌 … . . (𝑖)
AN is a tangent and AXY is a secant ∴ 𝐴𝑁 2 = 𝐴𝑋 × 𝐴𝑌 … . . (𝑖𝑖)
From (i) & (ii), we have 𝐴𝑀2 = 𝐴𝑁 2
∴ AM = AN

5. If the quadrilateral sides touch the circle prove that sum of pair of opposite sides is equal to
the sum of other pair.
Sol:
Consider a quadrilateral ABCD touching circle with center O at points E, F, G and H as in
figure.

We know that
The tangents drawn from same external points to the circle are equal in length.
1. Consider tangents from point A [AM ⊥ AE]
AH = AE …. (i)
2. From point B [EB & BF]
BF = EB …. (ii)
3. From point C [CF & GC]
FC = CG …. (iii)
4. From point D [DG & DH]
DH = DG …. (iv)
Adding (i), (ii), (iii), & (iv)
(AH + BF + FC + DH) = [(AC + CB) + (CG + DG)]
⇒ (AH + DH) + (BF + FC) = (AE + EB) + (CG + DG)
⇒ AD + BC = AB + DC [from fig.]
Sum of one pair of opposite sides is equal to other.

6. If AB, AC, PQ are tangents in Fig. and AB = 5cm find the perimeter of ∆APQ.
Sol:
Perimeter of ∆APQ, (P) = AP + AQ + PQ
= AP + AQ + (PX + QX)
Class X Chapter 10 – Circles Maths
______________________________________________________________________________

We know that
The two tangents drawn from external point to the circle are equal in length from point A,
AB = AC = 5 cm
From point P, PX = PB
From point Q, QX = QC
Perimeter (P) = AP + AQ + (PB + QC)
= (AP + PB) + (AQ + QC)
= AB + AC = 5 + 5
= 10 cms.

7. Prove that the intercept of a tangent between two parallel tangents to a circle subtends a
right angle at center.
Sol:
Consider circle with center ‘O’ and has two parallel tangents through A & B at ends of
diameter.

Let tangents through M intersects the tangents parallel at P and Q required to prove is that
∠POQ = 90°.
From fig. it is clear that ABQP is a quadrilateral
∠A + ∠B = 90° + 90° = 180° [At point of contact tangent & radius are perpendicular]
∠A + ∠B + ∠P + ∠Q = 360° [Angle sum property]
∠P + ∠Q = 360°−180° = 180° …..(i)
1
At P & Q ∠APO = ∠OPQ = 2 ∠𝑃
1
∠BQO = ∠PQO = 2 ∠𝑄 in (i)
2∠OPQ + 2 ∠PQO = 180°
Class X Chapter 10 – Circles Maths
______________________________________________________________________________
∠OPQ + ∠PQO = 90° …. (ii)
In ∆OPQ, ∠OPQ + ∠PQO + ∠POQ = 180° [Angle sum property]
90° + ∠POQ = 180° [from (ii)]
∠POQ = 180° − 90° = 90°
∴ ∠POQ = 90°

8. In Fig below, PQ is tangent at point R of the circle with center O. If ∠TRQ = 30°. Find
∠PRS.

Sol:
Given ∠TRQ = 30°.
At point R, OR ⊥ RQ.
∠ORQ = 90°
⇒ ∠TRQ + ∠ORT = 90°
⇒ ∠ORT = 90° − 30° = 60°
ST is diameter, ∠SRT = 90° [∵ Angle in semicircle = 90°]
∠ORT + ∠ SRO = 90°
∠SRO + ∠PRS = 90°
∠PRS = 90° − 30° = 60°

9. If PA and PB are tangents from an outside point P. such that PA = 10 cm and ∠APB = 60°.
Find the length of chord AB.
Sol:
AP = 10 cm ∠APB = 60°
Represented in the figure
We know that

A line drawn from center to point from where external tangents are drawn divides or
1
bisects the angle made by tangents at that point ∠APO = ∠OPB = 2 × 60° = 30°
Class X Chapter 10 – Circles Maths
______________________________________________________________________________
The chord AB will be bisected perpendicularly
∴ AB = 2AM
In ∆AMP,
𝑜𝑝𝑝.𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝐴𝑀
sin 30° = ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 = 𝐴𝑃
AM = AP sin 30°
𝐴𝑃 10
= = = 5𝑐𝑚
2 2
AP = 2 AM = 10 cm ---- Method (i)
In ∆AMP, ∠AMP = 90°, ∠APM = 30°
∠AMP + ∠APM + ∠MAP = 180°
90° + 30° + ∠MAP = 180°
∠MAP = 180°
In ∆PAB, ∠MAP = ∠BAP = 60°, ∠APB = 60°
We also get, ∠PBA = 60°
∴∆PAB is equilateral triangle
AB = AP = 10 cm. -----Method (ii)

10. From an external point P, tangents PA and PB are drawn to the circle with centre O. If CD
is the tangent to the circle at point E and PA = 14 cm. Find the perimeter of ABCD.
Sol:
PA = 14 cm
Perimeter of ∆PCD = PC + PD + CD = PC + PD + CE + ED

We know that
The two tangents drawn from external point to the circle are equal in length.
From point P, PA = PB = 14cm
From point C, CE = CA
From point D, DB = ED
Perimeter = PC + PD + CA +DB
= (PC + CA) + (PD + DB)
= PA + PB = 14 + 14 = 28 cm.

11. In the fig. ABC is right triangle right angled at B such that BC = 6cm and AB = 8cm. Find
the radius of its in circle.
Sol:
Class X Chapter 10 – Circles Maths
______________________________________________________________________________
BC = 6cm AB = 8cm
As ABC is right angled triangle

By Pythagoras theorem
𝐴𝐶 2 = 𝐴𝐵 2 + 𝐵𝐶 2 = 62 + 82 = 100
𝐴𝐶 = 10 𝑐𝑚
Consider BQOP ∠B = 90°,
∠BPO = ∠OQB = 90° [At point of contact, radius is perpendicular to tangent]
All the angles = 90° & adjacent sides are equal
∴ BQOP is square BP = BQ = r
We know that
The tangents drawn from any external point are equal in length.
AP = AR = AB – PB = 8 – r
QC = RC = BC – BQ = 6 – r
AC = AR + RC ⇒ 10 = 8 – r + 6 – r
⇒ 10 = 14 – 2r
⇒ 2r = 4
⇒ Radius = 2cm

12. From a point P, two tangents PA and PB are drawn to a circle with center O. If OP =
diameter of the circle shows that ∆APB is equilateral.
Sol:
OP = 2r
Tangents drawn from external point to the circle are equal in length
PA = PB

At point of contact, tangent is perpendicular to radius.

𝑜𝑝𝑝.𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑟 1
In ∆AOP, sin 𝜃 = ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 = 2𝑟 = 2
𝜃 = 30°
Class X Chapter 10 – Circles Maths
______________________________________________________________________________
∠APB = 20 = 60°, as PA = PB ∠BAP = ∠ABP = x.
In ∆PAB, by angle sum property
∠APB + ∠BAP + ∠ABP = 180°
2x = 120° ⇒ x = 60°
In this triangle all angles are equal to 60°
∴ ∆APB is equilateral.

13. Two tangent segments PA and PB are drawn to a circle with center O such that ∠APB =
120°. Prove that OP = 2AP
Sol:
A+P
OP bisects ∠APB
1 1
∠APO = ∠OPB = ∠𝐴𝑃𝐵 = × 120° = 60°
2 2

At point A
OA ⊥ AP, ∠OAP = 90°
𝐴𝑃
In ∆PDA, cos 60° =
𝐷𝑃
1 𝐴𝑃
= 𝐷𝑃 ⇒ 𝐷𝑃 = 2𝐴𝑃
2

14. If ∆ABC is isosceles with AB = AC and C (0, 2) is the in circle of the ∆ABC touching BC
at L, prove that L, bisects BC.
Sol:
Given ∆ABC is isosceles AB = AC

We know that
The tangents from external point to circle are equal in length
From point A, AP = AQ
But AB = AC ⇒ AP + PB = AQ + QC
⇒ PB = PC …. (i)
Class X Chapter 10 – Circles Maths
______________________________________________________________________________
From B, PB = BL; ….(ii) from C, CL = CQ …..(iii)
From (i), (ii) & (iii)
BL = CL
∴ L bisects BC.

15. In fig. a circle touches all the four sides of quadrilateral ABCD with AB = 6cm, BC = 7cm,
CD = 4cm. Find AD.
Sol:
We know that the tangents drawn from any external point to circle are equal in length.

From A ⟶ AS = AP ….(i)
From B ⟶ QB = BP …. (ii)
From C ⟶ QC = RC …..(iii)
From D ⟶ DS = DR …. (iv)
Adding (i), (ii), (iii) & (iv)
(AS + QB + QC + DS) = (AB + BP + RC + OR)
(AS + DS) + (QB + QC) = (AP + BP) + (RC + DR)
AD + BC = AB + CD
⇒ AD + 7 = 6 + 4 AD = 3cm
⇒ AD = 10 – 7 = 3cm

16. Prove that the perpendicular at the point of contact to a circle passes through the centre of
the circle.
Sol:
We know that
Class X Chapter 10 – Circles Maths
______________________________________________________________________________
The at point of contact, the tangent is perpendicular to the radius. Radius is line from center
to point on circle. Therefore, perpendicular to tangent will pass through center of circle.

17. In fig.. O is the center of the circle and BCD is tangent to it at C. Prove that ∠BAC +
∠ACD = 90°
Sol:
Given
O is center of circle
BCD is tangent.

Required to prove: ∠BAC + ∠ACD = 90°

Proof: OA = OC [radius]
In ∆OAC, angles opposite to equal sides are equal.
∠OAC = ∠OCA …. (i)
∠OCD = 90° [tangent is radius are perpendicular at point of contact]
∠ACD + ∠OCA = 90°
∠ACD + ∠OAC = 90° [∵ ∠OAC = ∠BAC]
∠ACD + ∠BAC = 90° ⟶ Hence proved

18. Two circles touch externally at a point P. from a point T on the tangent at P, tangents TQ
and TR are drawn to the circles with points of contact Q and E respectively. Prove that TQ
= TR.
Sol:

Let the circles be represented by (i) & (ii) respectively

TQ, TP are tangents to (i)
TP, TR are tangents to (ii)
We know that
The tangents drawn from external point to the circle will be equal in length.
For circle (i), TQ = TP …. (i)
Class X Chapter 10 – Circles Maths
______________________________________________________________________________
For circle (ii), TP = TR …. (ii)
From (i) & (ii) TQ = TR

19. In the fig. a circle is inscribed in a quadrilateral ABCD in which ∠B = 90° if AD = 23cm,
AB = 29cm and DS = 5cm, find the radius of the circle.
Sol:
Given AD = 23 cm
AB = 29 cm
∠B = 90°
DS = 5cm

From fig in quadrilateral POQB

∠OPB = ∠OQB = 90° = ∠B = ∠POQ
and PO = OQ. ∴ POQB is a square PB = BQ = r
We know that
Tangents drawn from external point to circle are equal in length.
We know that
Tangents drawn from external point to circle are equal in length.
From A, AR = AQ …. (i)
From B, PB = QB …. (ii)
From C, PC = CS …. (iii)
From D, DR = DS …. (iv)
(i) + (ii) + (iv) ⇒ AR + DB + DR = AQ + QB + DS
⇒ (AR + DR) + r = (AQ + QB) + DS
AD + r = AB + DS
⇒ 23 + r = 29 + 5
⇒ r = 34 – 23 = 11 cm
∴ radius = 11 cm

20. In fig. there are two concentric circles with Centre O of radii 5cm and 3cm. From an
external point P, tangents PA and PB are drawn to these circles if AP = 12cm, find the
tangent length of BP.
Sol:
Class X Chapter 10 – Circles Maths
______________________________________________________________________________
Given

OA = 5 cm
OB = 3 cm
AP = 12 cm
BP = ?
We know that
At the point of contact, radius is perpendicular to tangent.
For circle 1, ∆OAP is right triangle
By Pythagoras theorem, 𝑂𝑃2 = 𝑂𝐴2 + 𝐴𝑃2
⇒ 𝑂𝑃2 = 52 + 122 = 25 + 144
= 169
⇒ OP = √169 = 13 𝑐𝑚
For circle 2, ∆OBP is right triangle by Pythagoras theorem,
𝑂𝑃2 = 𝑂𝐵 2 + 𝐵𝑃2
132 = 32 + 𝐵𝑃2
𝐵𝑃2 = 169 − 9 = 160
𝐵𝑃 = √160 = 4√10 𝑐𝑚

21. In fig. AB is chord of length 16cm of a circle of radius 10cm. The tangents at A and B
intersect at a point P. Find the length of PA.
Sol:
Given length of chord AB = 16cm.
Radius OB = OA = 10 cm.

Let line through Centre to point from where tangents are drawn be intersecting chord AB at
M. we know that the line joining Centre to point from where tangents are drawn be
intersecting chord AB at M. we know that
Class X Chapter 10 – Circles Maths
______________________________________________________________________________
The line joining Centre to point from where tangents are drawn bisects the chord joining
the points on the circle where tangents intersects the circle.
1 1
AM = MB = 2 (𝐴𝐵) = 2 × 16 = 8𝑐𝑚
Consider ∆OAM from fig. ∠AMO = 90°
By Pythagoras theorem, 𝑂𝐴2 = 𝐴𝑀2 + 𝑂𝑀2
102 = 82 + 𝑂𝑀2
𝑂𝑀 = √100 − 64 = √36 = 6𝑐𝑚
In ∆AMP, ∠AMP = 90° by Pythagoras theorem 𝐴𝑃2 = 𝐴𝑀2 + 𝑃𝑀2
𝐴𝑃2 = 82 + (𝑂𝑃 − 𝑂𝑀)2
𝑃𝐴2 = 64 + (𝑂𝑃 − 6)2
(𝑂𝑃 − 6)2 = −64 + 𝑃𝐴2 ….(i)
𝐼𝑛 ∆𝐴𝑃𝑂, ∠𝑃𝐴𝑂 = 90° [At point of contact, radius is perpendicular to tangent]
𝑂𝑃2 = 𝑂𝐴2 + 𝑃𝐴2 [Pythagoras theorem]
2 2 2
𝑃𝐴 = 𝑂𝑃 − 10
= 𝑂𝑃2 − 100 ….. (ii)

22. In figure PA and PB are tangents from an external point P to the circle with centre O. LN
touches the circle at M. Prove that PL + LM = PN + MN
Sol:

Given
O is Centre of circle
PA and PB are tangents
We know that
The tangents drawn from external point to the circle are equal in length.
From point P, PA = PB
⇒ PL + AL = PN + NB …. (i)
From point L & N, AL = LM and MN = NB } …. Substitute in (i)
PL + Lm = PN + MN
⇒ Hence proved.

23. In the fig. PO ⊥ QO. The tangents to the circle at P and Q intersect at a point T. Prove that
PQ and OT are right bisectors of each other.
Sol:
Class X Chapter 10 – Circles Maths
______________________________________________________________________________

Given
PO ⊥ OQ
Consider quadrilateral OQTP.
∠POQ = 90°
∠OPT = ∠OQT = 90° [At point of contact, tangent and radius are perpendicular]
∴ ∠PTO = 90°
OP = OQ = radius
In this quadrilateral, all the angles are equal and pair of adjacent sides are equal.
∴ OQTP is a square.

24. In the fig two tangents AB and AC are drawn to a circle O such that ∠BAC = 120°. Prove
that OA = 2AB.
Sol:

Consider Centre O for given circle

∠BAC = 120°
AB and AC are tangents
From the fig.
In ∆OBA, ∠OBA = 90° [radius perpendicular to tangent at point of contact]
1 1
∠OAB = ∠OAC = 2 ∠𝐵𝐴𝐶 = 2 × 120° = 60°
[Line joining Centre to external point from where tangents are drawn bisects angle formed
by tangents at that external point1]
𝐴𝐵
In ∆OBA, cos 60° = 𝑂𝐴
1 𝐴𝐵
= 𝑂𝐴 ⇒ 𝑂𝐴 = 2𝐴𝐵
2
Class X Chapter 10 – Circles Maths
______________________________________________________________________________
25. In the fig. BC is a tangent to the circle with Centre O. OE bisects AP. Prove that ∆AEO ~
∆ABC.
Sol:

Given
BC is tangent to circle
OE bisects AP, AE = EP
Consider ∆AOP

26. The lengths of three consecutive sides of a quadrilateral circumscribing a circle are 4cm,
5cm and 7cm respectively. Determine the length of fourth side.
Sol:

Let us consider a quadrilateral ABCD, AB = 4cm, BC = 5 cm, CD = 7cm, CD as sides

circumscribing circle with centre O. and intersecting at points E, F, G, H. as in fig.
We know that the tangents drawn from external point to the circle are equal in length.
From point A, AE = AH …. (i)
From point B, BE = BF ….. (ii)
From point C, GC = CE ….(iii)
From point D, GD = DH ….(iv)
(i) + (ii) + (iii) + (iv) ⇒ (AE + BE + GC + GD) = (AH + BF + CF + DH)
⇒ (AE + BE) + (GC + GD) = (AH + DH) + (BF + CF)
⇒ AB + CD = AD + BC
⇒ 4 + 7 = 5 + AD
⇒ AD = 11 – 5 = 6 cm
Fourth side = 6 cm
Class X Chapter 10 – Circles Maths
______________________________________________________________________________
27. In fig common tangents PQ and RS to two circles intersect at A. Prove that PQ = RS.
Sol:
Consider

Two circles namely (i) & (ii) as shown with common tangents as PQ and RS.
We know that
The tangents from external point to the circle are equal in length.
From A to circle (i) AP = AR … (i)
From A to circle (ii), AQ = AS …. (ii)
(i) + (ii) ⇒ AP + AQ = AR + RS
⇒ PQ = RS

28. Equal circles with centers O and O’ touch each other at X. OO’ produced to meet a circle
with Centre O’ at A. AC is tangent to the circle whose Centre is a O’D is perpendicular to
AC. Find the value of DO’/CO
Sol:

Given circles with centers O and O’

O’D ⊥ AC. Let radius = r
𝑂’A = O’X = OX = r
𝐼𝑛 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒𝑠, ∆𝐴𝑂’D and ∆𝐴𝑂𝐶
∠A = ∠A [Common angle]
∠𝐴𝐷𝑂’ = ∠ACO = 90° [O’D ⊥ AC and at point of contact C, radius ⊥ tangent]
𝐵𝑦 𝐴 ∙ 𝐴 𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑦 ∆𝐴𝑂’D ~∆AOC.
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑡𝑤𝑜 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑏𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
By A.A similarity ∆𝐴𝑂’D~ ∆AOC
When two triangles are similar then their corresponding sides will be in proportion
𝐴𝑂’ 𝐷𝑂’
=
𝐴𝑂 𝐶𝑂
𝐷𝑂’ 𝑟 𝑟 1
⇒ = 𝑟+𝑟+𝑟 = 3𝑟 = 3
𝐶𝑂
Class X Chapter 10 – Circles Maths
______________________________________________________________________________
𝐷𝑂’ 1
⇒ =3
𝐶𝑂

29. In figure OQ : PQ = 3 : 4 and perimeter of ∆PDQ = 60cm. determine PQ, QR and OP.
Sol:
Given OQ: PQ = 3 : 4
Let OQ = 3x PQ = 4x
OP = y

∠OQP = 90° [since at point of contact, tangent is perpendicular to radius]

In ∆OQP, by Pythagoras theorem
𝑂𝑃2 = 𝑂𝑄 2 + 𝑄𝑃2
⇒ 𝑦 2 = (3𝑥)2 + (4𝑥)2
⇒ 𝑦 2 = 9𝑥 2 + 16𝑥 2 = 25𝑥 2
⇒ 𝑦 2 = √25𝑥 2 = 5𝑥
Perimeter = OQ + PQ + OP = 3x + 4x + 5x = 12x
According to problem perimeter = 60
∴ 12x = 60
60
x = 12 = 5𝑐𝑚
OQ = 3 × 5 = 15𝑐𝑚
PQ = 4 × 5 = 20 𝑐𝑚
OP = 5 × 5 = 25𝑐𝑚