1

Safeguarding and Protecting Vulnerable Individuals

Name

Institution

Course

Professor

Date
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Task 1

1.1 The Safeguarding and Protection Concept

Safeguarding Concept

In the United Kingdom, the term "safeguarding" is described as actions that safeguard

an individual's health, civil rights, wellness and allowing people, especially children,

teenagers, and seniors, to live free from neglect, abuse and exploitation (Kong et al., 2022).

Any child or older person, regardless of age, sexual orientation, race, gender or faith, can be

considered at danger of abuse or physical harm. The British government instituted

regulations and issued guiding principles to protect children from neglect and abuse, to

prevent harm to children's health or growth, to make sure children grow up in accordance

with the stipulation of quality of care, and to attain the greatest possible welfare of children

and young people. Anyone who works with families and children is called to account for

these objectives. Seniors who require protection are frequently elderly and frail, residing

solely or in care centres with little support from family (Kong et al., 2022). They may be

dealing with psychological issues, a physical disability, or educational difficulties. To protect

vulnerable people, occupations should preferably emphasise responsibility, collaboration,

proportional responses, prevention, safeguarding and empowerment.

Protection Concept

Any action taken to protect something or someone from harm triggered by external

influences is referred to as protection (Kong et al., 2022). Items can be protected, including

systems, creatures, and intangibles like political and civil rights. Even though the methods of

delivering protection vary greatly, the term's core meaning remains constant. Individuals use

protective clothing to protect themselves from personal property or financial loss, as well as

from pain or harm (Kong et al., 2022). They also protect their property by installing security

mechanisms like alarm systems and doors. It is critical to emphasise that protection is not
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limited to "physical security," but rather encapsulates a wider range of human protection and

human dignity.

1.2 Legislative Framework for Safeguarding Vulnerable Individuals in Health and

Social Care

There are safeguarding laws and rules that care providers and health experts must

follow within the health and social care system. The legal structure sets guidelines for rights

and service provision but does not directly specify protection. Important laws protect

vulnerable individuals in social care as well as healthcare. Some of these laws are explained

in more detail below.

The Care Act of 2014 encourages caregivers to approach vulnerable people with an

individual-centred approach. By following the principles, one will take priority the welfare

and needs of the vulnerable group throughout the safeguarding processes (England & Wales,

2015). Protection, accountability, partnership, proportionality, prevention and empowerment

are among the six principles. The Care Act seeks to eliminate a disengaged approach to

health care.

The Children Act of 1998 makes parents and guardians, the court system, local

authorities and other institutions concerned about the safety and well-being of children in the

United Kingdom (England & Wales, 2015). It is predicated on the assumption that children

are actively cared for within their own households, but it also includes provisions for

circumstances in which parents and guardians fail to act in accordance with statutory

authorities.

The Human Rights Act of 1998 is a legislation that stipulates the fundamental rights

and liberties assured to all British citizens. People in the United Kingdom may file activities

in British courts encompassing their fundamental rights under the statutory provision. This

Act guarantees the the right to property, the right to vote in a free election, the right to an
 4

education, the right to marry, the freedom of expression, the right to respect, the right to a

fair trial, the right to be free from slavery, the right to security and liberty and right to life

(England & Wales, 2015).

The Data Protection Act of 1998 is a legislative act that all health as well as social

care professionals are required to follow. The United Kingdom's parliament passed this Act

to protect personal information stored in a well-organised paper filing system or on computer

systems. It carried out the European Union's 1995 Data Protection Directive, which set in

place guidelines for the processing, protection and transportation of personal data. It

comprises eight precepts: international transfers,security, rights, retention, accuracy,

adequacy, objectives and fair and lawful. Individuals' personal information, according to the

first principle, should be treated and handled lawfully and properly (England & Wales, 2015).

The Care Standards Act of 2000 was passed in order to regulate and ensure the proficiencies

of providers and care agencies in their duty of care, as well as to provide an equality of

opportunity for all providers (England & Wales, 2015). The Act promotes improving welfare

care, early childhood care and social care, by regulating, evaluating and inspecting services in

accordance with the Act.

Another important guideline for social care and healthcare practitioners is 'No

Secrets.' It sets up a code of conduct to safeguard vulnerable adults. It describes the

collaborative effort that healthcare institutions and social work services should use to design

and implement local standards and guidelines. They should collaborate with the public,

caregivers, commercial sectors, as well as volunteers, advocacy groups and patients and

families (England & Wales, 2015). Other acts that protect and safeguard people in healthcare

settings also include the Equality Act of 2010 the Deprivation of Liberty Safeguards Act of

2008, the Adults Support and Protection Act of 2007, the Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups

Act of 2006,and Mental Capacity Act of 2005.

1.3 Analysis of How Serious Case Reviews have Influenced Safeguarding and Protection

Several reports of abuse in care facilities have surfaced in the mainstream press.

Winterbourne View Hospital is a well-known case of this type of scandal. This report

exposed the facility's staff members' psychological and physical abuse of adults with learning

disabilities and autism (Redmore, 2021).

Another case of abuse took place at Orchid View, and the BBC reported on it in 2013.

In this case, 19 patients passed away as a result of institutional abuse, and another five passed

away as a result of abandonment (Moore, 2017). The Care Quality Commission had rated the

institution 'good' a year before its shutdown. A similar episode has recently hit the headlines.

In 2019, the BBC produced another wide angle report from Whorlton Hall (Moore, 2017).

This organisation assisted service users suffering from autism, mental illness and learning

disabilities. These cases of abuse have broken the hearts of the general public as well as the

clients' family members (Moore, 2017).

These and other incidents have had an impact on protection and safeguarding, despite

the government's pledge that such abuse would not occur again. Regrettably, this

commitment has not shifted the public's preconceptions. They are afraid of growing old and

probably end up in hospitals and nursing homes or having members of the family in aged care

amenities. These institutions should nurture trust; nevertheless, after viewing as well as

reading these stories, most people have lost confidence and trust in care organisations.

1.4 The Action to Be Taken In The Event of Suspected or Actual Abuse

Whistleblowing is important in helping bring unfair treatment to light. The first step

when it is suspected that somebody else is being treated unfairly is to gather all evidence. It is

extremely crucial to speak with the individual and corroborate the abuse before blowing the

whistle (Mercier et al., 2020). Furthermore, it is vital to keep the information confidential and
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to openly discuss it only with those on the management and safeguarding team. Moreover, in

order to keep the person safe, someone must be alerted.

Before it happens to another individual, the service user should be made aware that

they will bear the repercussions and that this is the appropriate course of action (Mercier et

al., 2020). When the safeguarding manager obtains the details, they will undertake additional

investigations, interview the purportedly involved employees, and ascertain the suitable

course of action. If the suspicion of abuse is affirmed, the authorities will be alerted, and the

employee's job may be immediately terminated.

2.1 Analysis of How Service Provision Supports Individuals to Take Risks and Make

Informed Choices

The Mental Capacity Act (2005) states that vulnerable adults have the constitutional

jurisdiction to make choices as long as they preserve their capacity (Hayhoe & Howe, 2011).

Except as otherwise indicated, the service provider must assume the individual has the ability

to make good decisions (Hayhoe & Howe, 2011). Individuals should be assisted in making

their own decisions, and all rational efforts should be made to support them in reaching their

own conclusions. Furthermore, individuals have the right to make decisions that others may

find unwise. Making an "irrational" decision does not insinuate that a person is incapable of

making rational decisions (Lyne et al., 2020).

An individual 's capacity should not be entirely determined by their appearance,

health, age or some behavioural characteristic. It is crucial to take all plausible steps to assist

people in making their own decisions. In light of its goal, any behaviour and attitude or

preference should be as unobtrusive as possible. Individuals in a social care unit may be

assisted in a variety of ways by service providers to take risks and make informed decisions

(Hayhoe & Howe, 2011). They may discuss the decision with the individual, making sure

that they are fully cognizant of their choices and the risks involved.
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Furthermore, the service practitioner may collect information in order to prove to the

service user the advantages and disadvantages of each option and allow them the opportunity

to ponder their options. Friends and family can also help by sharing their thoughts and

opinions on the subject, as long as they do so with the individual's best interests in mind

(Bradbury‐Jones & Isham, 2020). For example, if the option incorporates medical attention,

the doctors would reveal all relevant facts, risks, and medical evidence (Bradbury‐Jones &

Isham, 2020). The vulnerable individual should then be given time to reflect on the

information, discuss it with whomever they want, and make an informed decision while being

conscious of the risks.

The Deprivation of Liberties Safeguard is another section of this act concerned with

the protection of vulnerable adults. They want to make sure that individuals in nursing

homes, healthcare facilities, and assisted living facilities are cared for in a manner that does

not limit their freedom excessively. The safeguards should make sure that a care facility,

hospital, or backed living arrangement only takes someone's liberty in a correct and safe

manner, and this is only done while it is in the individual 's ideal interests since there is no

other way to care for them. A notable court's ruling in March 2014 defined what is meant by

“ "deprivation of liberty." A deprivation of liberty takes place when an individual is subjected

to constant oversight and management, is unable to depart, and lacks proper ability to accept

these agreements. As a result, this DoL application is required for all EMI aged care facilities

because occupants lack the capacity to voluntarily leave and lack the comprehension of

assessing hazards if left unsupervised.

2.2 Signs and Symptoms of Abuse

Abuse is defined as any infringement of another person's or group's human rights and

freedoms. Neglect, economic, sexual, visceral, psychological, physical and discrimination are

all forms of abuse (Bradbury‐Jones & Isham, 2020). Each one of these kinds of victimisation
 8

has its own set of symptoms. There are several signs of abuse and neglect; these signs can be

physical, behavioural, health-related, psychological, or a combination of these symptoms.

As a result, being cognizant of them is absolutely essential. Physical indicators include

injuries, infections, unexplained accidents and discomfort (Bradbury‐Jones & Isham, 2020).

Emotional symptoms include low self-worth and image, dread, distress, worry, tearfulness,

agitation, rage, or acquiescence.

Moreover,they may also experience health-related symptoms like variations in

appetite and body weight, health deterioration, and sleeping problems. They may exhibit

behavioural signs such as sudden and unexpected behavioural changes, comfort behavioural

patterns like tugging at garments, unusual reactions to particular individuals or sexes, and

prolapse changes such as unexpected urinary incontinence or impugning (Bradbury‐Jones &

Isham, 2020). Other signs and symptoms of abuse also include an unpredicted lack of

resources or personal possessions, a change in style of communication, or using clues or

entirely confessing what is happening to them; if this occurs, safeguarding guidelines should

be implemented immediately.

2.3 Measures to Be Taken to Avoid Abuse Taking Place

Caring for vulnerable people with a variety of needs can be extremely difficult,

accelerating the probability of abuse (intentional or unintentional). Having information and

understanding of risk variables, symptoms suggestive and symptomatology of unfair

treatment, and regulatory requirements all help to avoid abuse. As previously stated, care

careers are extremely demanding, and as a consequence, risks for abusive behaviour may be

noticeable in their behaviour and attitude. These risk factors typically include a lack of social

support, an inability to cope with job-related pressure, substance abuse and despair.

Caregivers should receive financial and personal help and support from their

institutions and experts to prevent the abuse. Furthermore, having competent caregivers to
 9

assist the vulnerable individual in caring for and monitoring the environment may reduce the

possibility of neglect or abuse. Lack of resources and more staff members, combined with an

immense volume of work, may put a tremendous deal of strain on caregivers, raising the risk

of abuse for professionals working in a health and social care setting (DalPezzo & Jett, 2010).

Without fear of repercussions, this should be conveyed to management. Then, measures

should be taken to reduce these symptoms.

Permitting clients and families to express concerns, instituting an open complaint

handling system and aiming to make it transparent so that service personnel comprehend it,

teaching all personnel on adult safeguarding, and elaborating their responsibilities in dealing

with complaints are all essential processes for preventing abuse (Mott, 2013).

2.4 The Practice that Maintains the Safety and Protection of Vulnerable Individuals

The Disclosure and Barring Service is a powerful tool for safeguarding vulnerable

people. This platform enables organisations to conduct background verifications on anyone

involved in the care of vulnerable people or volunteers in this line of work (Ford et al., 2020).

The check allows the barring service to ascertain whether the individual should be placed on

the baring list, which prohibits them from practising with the vulnerable since they are

deemed a risk to them (Mott, 2013). It is illegal for anyone on the barred list from working

with vulnerable individuals to work or voluntary work with these people, or for an institution

to intentionally allow the person to work or volunteer with the underprivileged groups under

safeguarding legislation.

If an institution is compelled to fire an employee or a volunteer due to safety

problems, the institution must immediately inform the DBS agency in order to avoid a

repetition (Ford et al., 2020). The exposure and blocking service checks remain an invaluable

tool in providing assistance in the protection of vulnerable individuals from harm or abuse.

Permitting hiring managers to screen applicants reduces the risk of harm and abuse.
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Task 2

3.1 The agreed protocols for working in partnership

Corinium Care residences are recognised for caring for elderly and dementia

sufferers, with an emphasis on personalised care that has managed to earn the provider's

organisations an excellent reputation in their communities and among other healthcare

personnel (Corinium Care, 2022). The institution enjoys having a straightforward objective,

offering individualised care while guaranteeing the wellbeing, protection, and safeness of all

involved parties, and making sure that all customers have access to individual rights and

interests. Each Corinium Care Ltd care worker is obligated to follow the high performance

working social rules for collaborative practice. Care workers must all follow the Code of

Ethics (Corinium Care, 2022). So every healthcare support worker or Adult Social Care

employee in Britain must understand and value their participation and the crucial contribution

they make within their cohort, and also acknowledge and regard their colleagues' role and

responsibility and professional knowledge from other institutions and areas of study, and

work in a collaborative manner with them.

Furthermore, one must collaborate in a transparent way and collaboratively with

coworkers, including those from other academic fields and institutions, and with decency;

work forthrightly and cooperatively with people who utilise care services and their close

family members or caregivers, and demonstrate respect for them. They should also honour

work obligations, agreements, and requirements, be trustworthy, reliable, and honest, and

actively encourage the delivery of quality care and assistance (Corinium Care, 2022). This

agency's staff members are responsible for following this policy.

Furthermore, in an attempt to lessen accidents, the care institution conforms with the

2013 Reporting of Injuries, Diseases, and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations (RIDDOR). If

numerous members of this establishment are missing from work due to ailment associated

with job operations, RIDDOR must be made aware so that they can assess whether the

training was adequate. Furthermore, they work with the Control of Chemicals Hazardous to

Health Regulations 2002 to ensure that all drugs are safely stored and not mistreated

(Corinium Care, 2022).

Corinium Care, like every social care and social institution, must work with a variety

of other institutions. Care quality commission should work with the organisation to perform

safety checks and ensure that benchmarks and requirements are met. The Care quality

commission provides feedback on what is collaborating well and what needs to be enhanced

for the establishment and its clients (Corinium Care, 2022). The Care quality commission

will ensure that the organisation is well-managed and that management is doing everything

possible to keep service users safe and well-cared for. The CQC interviews employees to

learn about how the company functions, and to make enquiries about training and whether

employees fully comprehend their roles. Local authorities are yet another institution with

which the health-care sector must work.

Local governments provide financial support to service users to make sure they

receive the best possible care. People would find it difficult at home without collaborative

efforts between local authorities and health and social care institutions because few retired

people can afford medical care (Corinium Care, 2022). The local authority holds meetings to

ensure that their funding sufficiently covers all care, and when it doesn't, additional measures

are taken. Health and social care organisations operate with safety boards, welfare care,

district nurse practitioners, police officers, and other partner organisations to make sure that
 12

people are secure and protected in compliance with the provisions of the care home, the

federal code of practice, and the law.

3.2 The Significance of Working in Partnership with Others in Relation to Safeguarding

The 2014 Care Act sets up statutory responsibilities for incorporating health and local

authority care and aid. This means that National Health service of England and the clinical

commissioning body are in charge of publicising safety in partnerships with other

government agencies (Stanley, 2016). To properly protect vulnerable people, each

institution's and individual's assignments and obligations must be clearly defined. Data about

vulnerable individuals may be misplaced if there is communication breakdown and

misunderstanding regarding an institution's responsibilities, blocking them from obtaining the

support and assistance they deserve.

Even so, if several institutions attempt to carry out a task, there may be too many

methodologies associated, and one individual may be needed to communicate information

repeatedly, causing frustration or distress. As a result, it is extremely crucial that all

establishments and unbelievers acknowledge their safeguarding responsibilities (Stanley,

2016). A solid multi-agency safeguarding framework is also required, as is connectivity to

community safety precautions. This is essential because when multiple organisations work

collaboratively, a vulnerable adult can receive resources and support more rapidly by

identifying from one organisation to another (Stanley, 2016).

Furthermore, multi-agency provisions enable for the sharing of goals and objectives

between various organisations and the individual, enabling the user to have a say and be

engaged in their treatment and care process (Stanley, 2016). This also makes it possible to

complete client satisfaction questionnaires and improve services.

3.3 The Significance of the Involvement of Individuals in the Review of Systems and

Procedures in Services
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It is crucial that users participate in the evaluation of health-care systems and

practices. This is important since it will assist them in improving their health and quality of

life through individually tailored treatments like support planning or involvement in decision

making. When people make these decisions, they prefer to choose treatment options and

effectiveness of the proposed treatments that match their preferences and individual goals

(Thusini & Mingay, 2019). As a consequence, there are very few limitations, such as not

being able to attend consultations attributable to personal commitments. Enabling people to

take part in their own treatment allows for a better understanding of their health as well as

how to live a healthy, satisfying life (Thusini & Mingay, 2019). People may benefit from a

variety of services, such as self-management education programs, peer support and health

coaching group activities such as asset-based communal methods and walking clubs.

Furthermore, by involving individuals in making decisions, they can critique and report

abusive practices, and also offer service variations via client satisfaction surveys.

Individuals with chronic conditions and complicated healthcare requirements have

restricted personal involvement with their healthcare professionals; consequently, it is crucial

that the practitioners work to assist and embolden people to learn regarding their conditions

and manage them effectively in everyday life (Thusini & Mingay, 2019). This can be

achieved by engaging them in a treatment plan and providing prospects for them to gain

knowledge concerning what works. This reduces their use of emergency treatment in primary

healthcare centres and physicians' offices because they are confident and competent in

treating their condition's symptoms on their own or with the support of family members.

Furthermore, by providing non-medical therapeutic strategies such as physiotherapy

and rehabilitative services in place of surgical procedure, mutual decision-making approaches

may help patients use the most appropriate resources for their treatment, seeking to avoid

high cost and high-risk surgeries. Most importantly, the legislation states that inspiring
 14

people to take an active function in their own care and wellbeing is an important factor of

National health service England's statutory obligations. Decision making based on shared

ideals and choice of patients are major elements of the 'NHS Act 2006,' which necessitates

clinical care organisations to motivate the individual and their caregiver or representative's

involvement in decisions regarding morbidity prevention or diagnosis, as well as their

treatment or care (Thusini & Mingay, 2019). People who lack capabilities must preserve as

much authority over their care as possible under the Mental Capacity Act of 2005 (Thusini &

Mingay, 2019).

Because times evolve so do things change so quickly in the social care and health

sector, structures and procedures must be evaluated and changed on a regular basis. This

encompasses assessments to sustain wellness programs and vulnerability analysis to help

patients and keep them safe from abuse and violence. During regular assessments,

management or those conducting the reviews should actively solicit and underscore problem

reporting. This procedure should be streamlined if staff motivates and teaches clients on the

importance of confidentiality, disclosing concerns and safeguarding (Thusini & Mingay,

2019). Because not all adjustments are noticeable, undertaking assessments and checks

should be made a priority; however, keeping a close eye on service users will nurture trust

and provide a window for clients or patients to feel comfortable reporting concerns and

confiding in staff. To promote safety, supplementary evaluations with other institutions

should be done on a regular basis.

3.4 Corinium Care Ltd Processes and Practice in Regards to Safeguarding and

Protecting Vulnerable Individuals are Compared to Current Legislation and Policy.

Corinium Care Ltd processes and practices for safeguarding and protecting vulnerable

people in society are in accordance with multiple prevailing statutory provisions, such as the

Mental Health Capacity Act of 2005,the Human Rights Act of 1998,a no secrets policy, the
 15

Care Act of 2014, as well as a whistleblowing approach (Stanley, 2016). The Care Act of

2014 includes important tenets designed to ensure the protection of vulnerable people that

must be followed by all health and social care institutions.

The Human Rights Act was passed in order to protect the rights of all individuals.

Adults who are vulnerable and depend on care facilities have these constitutional freedoms,

which they must be capable of exercising. The Mental Capacity Act of 2005 protects the

human rights of vulnerable persons. Everybody has a right to take part in decision-making

(Brown et al., 2015). According to the Mental Capacity Act, everyone should be handled as if

they have ability until their incapability is ascertained; nevertheless, once incapability is

ascertained, all decisions made on their behalf must be in their best interests and as minimally

invasive as possible. Except if and until it is demonstrated otherwise, the statute presupposes

that a person has capacity. Furthermore, a person should not be considered incapable of

making decisions until all rational attempts to support him have failed. Furthermore, a person

should not be regarded as ineffectual of making a decision simply because they make the

wrong decision.

Furthermore, any Act or choice made under this Act on behalf of or for the value of

an individual who lacks ability must be in his or her best interests. As per this policy, before

performing an act or making a decision, take into account whether the goal can be achieved

more efficiently and successfully in a less intrusive manner of a person's freedom and rights

of action. All Corinium Care Ltd professionals must follow these guiding principles when

dealing with customers who may be unable to communicate. Corinium Care Ltd has a

whistleblower rule in place to ensure compliance with relevant laws and regulations related to

vulnerable person protection.

The whistleblower policy specifies what staff members should do if they witness or

presume elder neglect or abuse. Whistleblowing, as per the program, is the act of reporting to
 16

management any occurrences of improper conduct, inconsistencies, or basis for worry

encompassing any other colleague, irrespective of the perpetrator's level or position within

the organisation (Brown et al., 2015). The policy goes on to assure the whistleblower that,

although they may be contradicted regarding disclosing an issue due to a member of staff's

position or fear of castigation as a consequence of the report, their individuality will stay

unnamed, and they will obtain complete backing throughout and after the investigative

process.

Besides that, all workers are protected by the Public Interest Disclosure Act 1998, an

act of the United Kingdom Parliament that provides protection for whistleblowers from

harassment and discrimination by their boss (Gobert & Punch, 2000). The rules state clearly

and unambiguously that all issues should be directed toward the fragile adult's wellbeing and

that any misgivings about their security or welfare should be communicated to the

appropriate authorities as soon as possible before any harm occurs. If processes pertaining to

the whistleblowing act are not followed for any reason, or if a whistleblower is disenchanted

with the outcome of an investigation, Corinium Care Ltd urges them to file a complaint with

the Care Quality Commission for further investigation.

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