- Local Government Unit – PUEBLO or TOWN

THE LIFE AND WORK’S OF RIZAL  Gobernador Cillo or Town Mayor (head)
 Chief executive
CHAPTER 1  chief judge
- Smallest Government Unit – BARANGAY or BARRIO
1. THE REPUBLIC ACT 1425  Cabeza se barangay (head)
- to collect taxes and tributes from the constituents
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 1425
- received 2% of the tax collection aside from the 4 % of the Sanctorum (3 events collected each year
“AN ACT TO INCLUDE IN THE CURRICULA OF ALL PUBLIC AND PRIVATESCHOOLS, COLLEGES intended for All Saint’s Day, Holy Thursday and Corpus Christi.)
AND UNIVERSITIES COURSES ON THE LIFE, WORKSAND WRITINGS OF JOSE RIZAL, - Guardia Civil
PARTICULARLY HIS NOVELS NOLI METANGERE AND EL FILIBUSTERISMO, AUTHORIZING THE  Organized in 1867
PRINTING ANDDISTRIBUTION THEREOF, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES.”  Corps of native police led by Spanish officers.
 In 1880’s feared instrument of summary arrest of any persons denounced by friars as filibusteros.
WHEREAS, today, more than any other period of our history, there is a need for a re-dedication to the ideals of - Royal Audiencia
freedom and nationalism for which our heroes lived and died.  Highest court of the colony
 Headed the judicial system.
WHEREAS, it is meet that in honoring them, particularly the national hero and patriot, Jose Rizal, we remember  Auditor of the government finances
with special fondness and devotion their lives and works that have shaped the national character;  High council to which government affairs were referred.

WHEREAS, the life, works and writing of Jose Rizal, particularly his novels Noli MeTangere and El Frailocracia/ Frailocracy
Filibusterismo, are a constant and inspiring source of patriotism with which the minds of the youth, especially
during their formative and decisive years in school, should be suffused. - Means “rule of the friars” (to observe the Holy Gospel of Our Lord Jesus Christ by living in
obedience, without anything of one's own, and in chastity)
WHEREAS, all educational institutions are under the supervision of, and subject to regulation by the - Reasons:
State, and all schools are enjoined to develop moral character, personal discipline, civic conscience 1. Political instability in mother country.
and to teach the duties of citizenship; Now, therefore 2. Friars were found in each town; thus, they became rulers of that political unit.
 Supervisor of local election
2. THE 19th CENTURY PHILIPPINES  Administrators of schools
 Chairman of the board of taxation, of health and of charity.
SOCIAL STRUCTURE
 Responsible for census taking through the parish registrar.
- The Philippine society was predominantly feudalistic.  Certifies personal Identification Card (ID)
- This was the result of the Spanish land holding improved upon the country with the arrival of the
Sources of Weaknesses and Abuses of the Government
conquistadores.
- The indios (natives) were exploited by the elite class. - Appointment of officials with inferior qualifications
- They were drafted for manual labour. - Without dedication to duty
- The Spaniards exacted all forms of taxes and tributes. - Without moral strength to resist corruption for material advancement.
 Peninsulares- friars, Spanish officials - The lower positions were either filled by
 Insulares- favored natives, mestizos, creollos - Provincial Government – most corrupt government unit
 Indulto de Comercio – license to engage in trade.
POLITICAL SYSTEM
 Buying people’s products at lowest prices.
- The Philippines was governed by Spain through the Ministro de Ultramar based in Madrid.  Exacting more taxes and tributes.
- Central Government
Educational System
 Governador- General - King of Spain’s representative in governmental affairs.
 Vice – Royal patron over religious affairs. - Friars occupied a dominant position.
 Chief executive- issued orders and proclamations. - Emphasis on fear of God and obedience to the friars.
 Ex-officio – president of the Royal Audiencia - Indios were constantly reminded that they had inferior intelligence.
 Commander-in-chief of the colonial armed forces - Friars decided what to teach to the children.
- Provincial Government – ALCADIA - College of San Juan de Letran - the only official Secondary School for BOYS.
 Alcalde Mayor or Civil Governor (head) - Seven Provinces had private colleges and Latin schools for general studies.
- City Government- CABILDO or AYUNTAMIENTO (head) - Secondary Education for Girls in Manila:
 Two alcaldes en- ordinario  Santa Isabel
  La Concordia - Implemented the Moret Decree of 1870
 Santa Rosa 5. The Cavite Mutiny
 Asilo de Lookan  Rafael Izquierdo (1871-1873) replaced dela Torre
 Santa Catalina - “with the crucifix in one hand and a sword in the other.”
- UST- The only University level in Manila. - Repealed the exemption from rendering the POLO and the payment of tribute.
- Theological seminaries were established:  January 20, 1872
 Manila - About 200 Filipino soldiers and workers in the Cavite Arsenal revolted.
 Cebu - Led by Seregeant Fernando La Madrid.
 Jaro (Iloilo) - Through the punitive force ordered by Izquierdo La Madrid was killed.
 Nueva Caceres (Naga) 6. The Execution of GOMBURZA
 Nueva Segovia (Vigan) - Izquierdo magnified the mutiny as a full of blown conspiracy against the Spanish rule allegedly instigated
- Educational Decree 1863 by fathers:
 Each major town in the colony was to establish at least one elementary school for boys and another  Mariano Gomez
one for girls.  Jose Burgos
- Books and other materials has to pass rigid censorship by the Church and Civil Authorities.  Jacinto Zamora
- Most serious criticisms against the Spanish educational system. - Found guilty in a “mock-trial”
 Overemphasis on religion - Sentence to die by garrote.
 Limited and irrelevant curriculum - February 17, 1872
 Obsolete classroom facilities - The three priest were executed in Bagumbayan
- The vast crown present removed their hats and knelt down in prayer.
 Inadequate teaching materials
- Fr. Meliton Martinez, the liberal archbishop of Manila
 Absence of academic freedom.
 refused to defrock the three priests
- The implementation of the Moret Decree of 1870 (secularization of higher education in the
 ordered the continuous tolling of bells during the execution
Philippines) was opposed by the friars.
 Result
- GOMBURZA- password of Katipunan.
- “remember GomBurZa”- slogan of the propaganda.
CHAPTER 2 7. The Propaganda Movement
 Three major factors for the peaceful campaign for reforms
3. DEVELOPMENT OF FILIPINO NATIONALISM - Emergence of Filipino middle class.
1. Opening of the Philippines to World Commerce - Liberal administration of Carlos Maria dela Torre
 1834 – Spain officially opened Manila to World Commerce - Execution of GOMBURZA.
 More ports were opened ( Sual, Iloilo, Zamboanga, Legaspi)  Propagandists- simply reformers
 Brought prosperity to some Filipinos - No intention of achieving social changes through armed struggle or revolution.
 Modern methods of agriculture and improved means of transportation and communication.  Objectives of the Movement
 Emergence of Filipino middle class. - Assimilation of the colony as a regular province of Spain.
2. Influx of Liberal Ideas - Secularization of parishes
 1869 – opening of Suez Canal (Europe) – shortened the distant of travel from another place. - Restoration of the Filipino representation in the Spanish Cortés.
 More liberals from Spain and other European nations came to the country via Suez Canal. - Fundamental freedom of speech of the press, assembly and religion.
 Foreigners brought books, newspapers, and magazines.  Known Member of the Propaganda Movement
 Filipinos were able to read enlightened ideas.  Jose Rizal
 Natives learned also about the American and French revolution which provided inspiration to - Conscience of the movement
them.  Marcelo H. Del Pilar
3. The Secularization Movement - Greatest political analyst
 Council of Trent (1545-1563) – decided that parishes were to be administered by Secular - Founded the Diariong Tagalog
(local) priest.  Graciano Lopez Jaena
 Gradually, the secularization movement became racial and national conflict among friars - Prince of Filipino Orators
curates and the seculars. - Contributed the satirical novel, Fray Botod
4. The Liberal Administration of Carlos Maria dela Torre (1869-1871) - Founded the newspaper, La Solidaridad
 Pedro Paterno
 Well-loved Spanish Governor-general
- Doctor of Law
- Avoided extravagance and lived a simple life.
- Wrote “Ninay”
- Abolished flogging
- Published Sampaguitas
- Allowed Filipinos to form Comite de Reformadores
 Gregorio Sanciangco  Personal and health Problems
- Lawyer and economist - Homesickness
- Produced the book, El Progreso de Filipinas - Differences and conflicts opinions.
8. Masonry and Counter Propaganda  Del PIlar and Jaena were compelled to change their political platform from assimilation to separation on
revolt.
Masonry - Two months after La Solidaridad folded up, Jaena died.
- Del Pilar died on July 4, 1896
- Popular organization for the Filipino exiles
11. The Philippine Revolution of 1896
- Championed the rights and liberal reforms for all.
 Andres Bonifacio- a radical member of the Liga initiated of the Katipunanor KKK.
Masonic Lodges Founded  Primary Objectives of Katipunan
- To unite Filipinos and struggle for the separation from spain through armed conflict.
- Revolucion  August 22,1896
- By Jaena at Barcelona - Katipunan had conference in Balintawak.
- Solidaridad - Philippine Revolution begun with tearing of their CEDULAS
- Be Del Pilar and Julio Liprente
- Nilad
- Serrano Laktaw
CHAPTER 3
Counter Propagandists
1. Birth
 Pablo Feced (Quioquiap)  Born on June 19, 1861 in Calamba, Laguna
- A journalist whose writings express hatred and contempt for the reformists.  Baptized Jose Protacio Rizal on June 22, 1861 by Fr. Rufino Collantes
- Published Filipinas: Ezbozos Y Pinceladas 2. Ancestry
 Wenceslao Retana (Desenganos)  Jose Rizal was a product of mixed ancestry.
- A rabid defender of Frailocracy.  His father was a great grandson of Domingo Lamco
 Fr. Jose Rodriguez (OSA)  Lakandula, the last king of Tondo was his maternal ancestor
- Concentrated his tirades against Jose Rizal  Eugenio Ursua, Jose Rizal’s maternal great-great grandfather
- Wrote “Caiingat Cayo” a searing attack on the Noli Me Tangere 3. Rizal’s Family Tree and Ancestry
9. La Liga Filipina 4.
 Jose Basa helped in drafting the constitution. Jo
 July 3, 1892- formal organization at Rajah Matanda in Tondo
 President- Ambrosio Salvadro
 Fiscal- Agustin Dela Rosa
 Treasurer- Bonifacio Arevalo
 Secretary- Deodato Arellano
Governing Body
- Supreme Council
- Provincial Council
- Popular Counci
10 centavos – monthly due of each member
Liga – short-lived (3 days only)
 Three days after founding, Jose Rizal was arrested and deported to Dapitan in orders to Governor General
Eulogio Despujol.
10. Failure of the Reform Movement
 Canovite System
- The compromise between the Spanish liberals and the conservatives to rotate between themselves the
control of the government.
 Problems encountered by the Propagandists.
se Rizal’s Childhood Unhappy Instances
- Inadequacy of Finances
 Seeing the Guardia Civil Lieutenant caning and injuring some unarmed and unaggressive villagers.
- Funds from the Philippines stopped.
 When his mother was sent to jail for the malicious charge that she and her brother Jose Alberto tried to
 La Solidaridad ceased its publication (November 15, 1895)
poison the latter’s wife.
- Funds from subscription also stopped.
5. Early Influences - Helped by his pupils in planting various crops/ plants-Introduced modern farm methods used in
 He familiarized alphabet at the age of 3 Europe
 At the age of 8, he wrote “Sa Aking mga Kabata” - Imported several agricultural equipment from the U.S
 Ang kwento ng Gamu-gamo  As a Business Man
 Jose Rizal embraced education that gives him enlightenment. - Engaged in copra and abaca trading together w/ Ramon Carreon.
6. Formal Education - Also engaged in Fishing Business
 Studied Latin, Spanish - Requested the assistance of Manuel Hidalgo
 Took entrance exam in Letran/ Ateneo - Most Profitable Business > Abaca Trading
- Established Farmer’s Cooperative Association (FCA)
 Studies at UST
- To curb Chinese control of business in locality.
 Education in Europe
 As an Engineer
 Decided to study first in Barcelona, but it’s expensive.
 Provided the town with a water system
 Transferred to Madrid in Central University.
- Directed a mountain stream kl away to supply water the town.
7. Rizal the Student Activist
 Planned new street layouts-w/c provided lighting system
 Miguel De Morayta – Rizal’s favorite teacher.
- w/c provided lighting system
 Nicanor Reyes- founder of FEU.
 Made a relief map of Mindanao in the main plaza of Dapitan
 Paris to Berlin  Drained marshes
 Rizal enhance his skills in medicine.  As a Scientist and Inventor
8. Six months’ Sojourn in the Philippines - Built a collection of shells
 Plans to go back in the Philippines to rind out for himself how the Noli was affecting his compatriots & - Discovered rare specimens
Spaniards. - Explored Dapitan and sent Ateneo Museum and Dresden Various Specimen
 To operate on his mother’s eyes.  As a Pharmacologist
 A special committee was created by the religious authorities to review the Noli Me Tangere. - Researched the medical values of plants
 Rizal received threats - Studied the tuber “Nami”
- Governor Emilio Ferrero provided him a personal bodyguard.  As a Botanist
- He got involved also in the Calamba Agrarian Affair - Established a herbarium
- Jose T. de Andrade- Rizal’s bodyguard - Invented a brick-making machine
9. As an Active Propagandist - Introduced a hemp-stripping machine
 While annotating Succesos de las Islas Filipinas. He wrote the sequel to the Noli offered financial-  Species named after Rizal
Valenteen. - Draco Rizali – Flying Lizard
 September 18, 1891- published El Filibusterismo - Rachophorous Rizali – Frog
10. Rizal’s Exile to Dapitan - Apogonia Rizali- Beetle
 June 26, 1892
- Arrived in the Philippines despite the advice of his family
 July 6, 1892 -
- Summoned to Malacañang Palace.
 Jose Rizal was charged of the following:
 Bringing w/him from HK probes frailes.
 Dedicating the El Filibusterismo in memory of GomBurZa.
 Advocating separatist ideas
 Undermining Spanish authorities.
 Uprooting from loyal Filipinos their Faith
 July 14, 1892
- Jose Rizal was escorted for exile to Dapitan

 As a Doctor
Jose Rizal in Dapitan  Practiced Ophthalmology
- Performed second operation on his mother’s eye.
 As a Farmer  Payment for his Service
- Purchased 16 hectares of agricultural land - Rich - proportionate to their capacity to pay
- Built a house, school and medical clinic. - Poor – free medical services
 His fame as eye doctor spread far even from distant Hong Kong
 - George Taufer came for treatment accompanied by Josephine Bracken - Brought home in stretcher, paralyzed and speechless
 Built small lodging houses  Rafael Dominguez
- “Casitas de Salud” - Despite inconclusive evidences, recommended speedy trial
 As a Teacher  Judge Advocate General Nicolas dela Peña
 Built a School - Approved a trial by a military court.
- Taught academic and vocational training
- Integrated learning toward home and community development Trial Proper
- Charged NO tuition fee.
 Lieutenant Enrique de Alcocer
 Academic Training
- Opened with the description of the bloody revolutions in the Philippines and Cuba.
- Taught 3R’S – reading, ‘riting and rithmetic
- Showed that Rizal’s writings were designed to incite anti-friar, anti-Spanish and separatist sentiments
- Geometry, Geography, History, Languages
- Exposed Rizal as the “soul of the rebellion, a dedicated agitator of the native masses.”
- Physical components of his curriculum
- Directed the supreme council of the Katipunan
 Boxing, swimming, wrestling and arnis
- Ask for the death penalty be imposed on Rizal.
11. Rizal and the Katipunan
 Luis Taviel de Andrade
 June 21, 1896
- Incidences and circumstances against Rizal
- Dr. Pio Valenzuela visited Jose Rizal in Dapitan
 Jose Rizal disapproved the plan of the Katipunan to rescue him from exile  Occurred several years before the revolution broke out.
- He promised not to escape from Dapitan. - Cited some technicalities of the Law.
- He has a pending application to be a volunteer doctor for Spanish troops fighting in the Cuban  Rizal’s guilt had not been proven by reliable witness, nor by expert testimony or documentary or official
Revolution. evidences.
12. The End of His Exile - On the charges of founding illegal association
 July 30, 1896  The constitution of the Liga did not specify any illegal objective
- Governor General Ramon Blanco approved his petition to go to Cuba.  The Liga was short-lived.
 July 31 – to Manila  Jose Rizal
 September 3- off to Barcelona - “I had nothing to do whatsoever with political affairs from July 6, 1892- June 1, 1896.”
 September 30- Nearing Malta - Valenzuela’s meeting in dapitan
 October 6 – arrived in Barcelona then off to Manila.  Argued:
- If he had known, the date and time of Revolution he would have avoided arrest.
 November 3- arrived in Manila.
 Disapproved the prosecutor’s allegation that he was the leader of the revolutionists
13. Trial and Execution of Jose Rizal
 Charges against Jose Rizal - -“What kind of chief is he whose followers say ‘yes’ and he says ‘no’.?” –J.Rizal
- Founding illegal association  December 28,1896
- Promoting and inducing rebellion. - Gov. General Camilo Polavieja
 Luis Taviel de Andrade - Signed and affirm the death warrant
- Defended Jose Rizal in the Military Court  December 29, 1896
 Captain Francisco de Olive - Rizal was notified of the decision of the court.
- Gathered evidence of guilt against Jose Rizal - Verdict – death by musketry (firing squad)
 Colonel Rafael Dominguez - At first, he refused to sign the death warrant
- Conducted the preliminary investigation 14. The Last Day (Before the Execution)
 Jose Rizal was subjected to continuous interrogation for two days  Received a letter of execution: members of the family, priests, a newspaper man and his defense counsel
 Jose Rizal wrote a letter to his brother Paciano.
 His mother arrived at 4 o’clock pm.
 One by one his family members came
 Narcisa- received a reclining wicker chair and pen from J.Rizal
 Angelica- received a handkerchief from J.Rizal.
WITHOUT THE PRESENCE OF HIS COUNSEL  Mauricio- received a watch and belt from J.Rizal.
 Trinidad- received an alcohol burner from J.Rizal.
- Participation in various political activities
 Wrote a letter to his family
- Membership in Masonic lodges
- Asking for forgiveness
- Appointment as honorary President of the Katipunan
- Giving thanks to God
- Pio Valenzuela’s meeting with him at Dapitan
- Asking them to love one another specially their parents
- Implicating of arrested Katipuneros implicating him.
- How he will be buried and what to put on his tomd
 Paciano (brother of Jose Rizal)
- Tortured almost to dead
 - Take care of Josephine Bracken(Josephine live with the family of Jose Rizal after his death but after a
year went back to Hong Kong)
15. The Execution
 December 30, 1896
- Rizal was dressed in black and his arms were loosely bound, elbow to elbow.
- Flanked by the following:
 Luis Taviel de Andrade
 Fr. Villaclara
 Fr. Estanilao March
 Firing Squad
- Composed of 8 Filipino Soldiers with another line of Spanish soldiers.
 He was given crucifix to kiss.
- The military physician, Dr. Felipe Ruiz y Castillo felt his pulse and found it normal.
 Requested two things:
- Facing the firing squad (it was not given)-Sparing his head from the bullets
 After the signal of the captain, 3 bullets simultaneously pierced his body.
 In the background could be heard the shouts “Viva España” means “Death to traitors”.