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CH 14 Sensory Perception (Notes)

The document discusses the anatomy and physiology of the human sensory systems, including the five basic senses of sight, smell, taste, touch, and hearing. It describes the different types of sensory receptors found throughout the body and in specialized organs, as well as how stimuli are detected and transmitted via neural pathways. The hearing section specifically outlines the structures of the outer, middle, and inner ear and how sound is processed into neural signals that the brain interprets as sound.

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72 views5 pages

CH 14 Sensory Perception (Notes)

The document discusses the anatomy and physiology of the human sensory systems, including the five basic senses of sight, smell, taste, touch, and hearing. It describes the different types of sensory receptors found throughout the body and in specialized organs, as well as how stimuli are detected and transmitted via neural pathways. The hearing section specifically outlines the structures of the outer, middle, and inner ear and how sound is processed into neural signals that the brain interprets as sound.

Uploaded by

Olivia Doyoyo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Sensory Perception Google Slides

What is synesthesia? a perceptual phenomenon in which stimulation of one sensory or cognitive pathway
leads to automatic, involuntary experiences in a second sensory or cognitive pathway.

General senses = receptors found throughout the body


Special senses = receptors found in the head: eye, ear, nose, mouth

Receptor cells are found in the peripheral nervous system


… classified based on their cell type, position, and function

Receptor Types

Free Nerve Endings - respond to pain and temperature


Encapsulated - respond to pressure and touch
Specialized - receptors in the retina of eye

Location Based Receptors

Exteroceptor - located near external environment (skin)


Interoceptor - interprets stimuli from internal organs
Proprioceptor - located near moving body parts, interprets position

Functional Receptor Types

Chemoreceptor Osmoreceptor Thermoreceptor Mechanoreceptor Nociceptor

chemicals Solutes in body Temperature Pressure, vibration, pain


fluids body position

Universal Pain Assessment Tool FLACC Scale

Special Senses - eye, ear, tongue, nose

Gustatory - sense of taste Papillae - taste buds

Five Taste Sensations: Sweet, Sour, Bitter, Salty, Savory

Why does cilantro taste like soap to some people? They share a certain genetic variation near an olfactory
center detecting aldehydes

Olfaction - sense of smell

Odor → receptor cell → olfactory bulb → olfactory tract


Why do smells trigger memories? Your Olfactory bulb is connected to your hippocampus and amygdala

Sense of Hearing

External ear composed of the outer ear, called the auricle and the
Auditory canal which is the opening to he eardrum

Why can some people wiggle their ears? Because of a group of muscles called the auriculares

Ear Anatomy

Middle Ear (Tympanic Cavity) - An air-filled hollow space inside the middle ear containing the auditory ossicles

Tympanum - The tympanic membrane or eardrum.

Auditory Ossicles - Transmit and amplify sound and to convert sound waves into pressure waves in the
perilymph and endolymph

Eustachian Tube - An opening that connects the middle ear with the nasal-sinus cavity.

Inner Ear (Labyrinth) - Innermost part of the year


Semicircular Canals - Three tiny, fluid-filled tubes in your inner ear that help you keep your balance.

Utricle - A small membranous sac (part of the membranous labyrinth) and paired with the saccule lies within
the vestibule of the inner ear.

Saccule - A bed of sensory cells in the inner ear.

Cochlea - The spiral cavity of the inner ear containing the organ of Corti, which produces nerve impulses in
response to sound vibrations.

Steps in Hearing

1. Sound waves enter external auditory canal


2. eardrum vibrates
3. Auditory ossibles (malleus, incus, stapes) amplify vibrations
4. Stapes hits oval window and transmits vibrations to cochlea
5. Organs of corti receptor cells (hair cells) that deform from vibrations
6. Impulses sent to the vestibulocochlear nerve
7. Auditory cortex of the temporal lobe interprets sensory impulses
8. Round window dissipates vibrations within the cochlea

Hearing Loss - Why do we lose our hearing? - Inside the cochlea are special neurons called HAIR CELLS.
Loud noises damage these fibers.

Stereocilia (Hair Cells) - special neurons How do cochlear implants work? - A cochlear implant receives
sound from the outside environment, processes it, and sends small electric currents near the auditory nerve.
The brain learns to recognize this signal and the person experiences this as "hearing".

What type of physician works with disorders of the ears, nose, and throat? Otolaryngology

Hereditary Deafness affects how many newborns? 1 in 1000 or 2000


What syndromes are associated with deafness? Vision problems
What prenatal infections can cause deafness (ToRCH)? Toxoplasmosis, Rubella, CMV, Herpes
What postnatal infections can cause deafness> Meningitis, Listeria, Influenza, Strep
What is presbycusis? Age related hearing loss

Treatment and Management of Deafness

Careers related to hearing


Audiologist Speech Pathologist Sign Language Interpreter Teacher (Deaf)
auricle cochlea Eustachian tube ear canal
incus malleus round window semicircular canals
stapes tympanic cavity tympanic membrane vestibulocochlear nerve

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