CREED REVIEW CENTER

COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW THROUGH ENHANCED EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT

MODULE 4:
DRIME DETECTION AND INVESTIGATION (15%)
ORGANIZED CRIME INVESTIGATION

WHAT IS ORGANIZED CRIME? violence, and/or intimidation. (BKA, Germany—

BUNDESKRIMINALAMT)
- Refers to transnational, national, or local groupings of - Is any crime committed by a person occupying, in a
highly centralized enterprises run by criminals for the established division of labor, a position designed for
purpose of engaging in illegal activity, most commonly the commission of crimes providing that such division
for monetary profit. of labor includes at least one position for corrupter,
- The term “Organized Crime” traced to have emerged one position for corruptee, and one position for an
in Chicago in 1919, and is associated with the enforcer(FBI)
bootlegging gangs prevalent during that era.
Alphonse Capone, better known as Al Capone or Organized Crime (OC) Distinguished from Terrorism
Scarface, is considered as the most notorious - OC is a non-ideological enterprise which
gangster in the U.S. who ran Chicago with blood and would differentiate it from terrorist groups, such as those
guns. religiously, politically, and some socially motivated violent
- An organized criminal group shall mean a structured crimes embraced in the technical definition of terrorism.
group of three or more persons, existing for a period
of time and acting in concert with the aim of committing CLASSIFICATION OF OCG
one or more serious crimes or offences in order to
obtain, directly or indirectly, a financial or other 1. Transnational – cross border / borderless crime
material benefit (UN, PALERMO ITALY, 2000) 2. National – within the country
- All illegal activities engaged in by members of criminal 3. Regional / Local – within a specific region or locality
syndicates operatives throughout the United States
and all illegal activities engaged in by known
associates and confederates of such members. (U.S Types of Organized Crime Groups
Department of Justice)
- Group activities of three or more persons, with A. Traditional Organized Crime
hierarchical links or personal relationships, which
permits their leaders to earn profits or control 1. Organized Crime Group (OCG) - Refers to a
territories or markets, internal or foreign, by means of structured group of three or more persons
violence, intimidation or corruption, both in furtherance existing for a period of time and acting in concert
of criminal activity and to infiltrate the legitimate with the aim of committing widespread, regular or
economy. long term, large scale, high profile and diversified
- any enterprise or group of persons engaged in a criminal activities in order to obtain directly or
continuing illegal activity which has as its primary indirectly a financial or other material benefit.
purpose the generation of profits and continuance of
the enterprise regardless of national borders. 2. Criminal Gangs - is a group of two (2) or more
(INTERPOL, according to P.J. Ryan and G.E. Rush) persons who have a common identifying sign or
- any group having some manner of formalized structure symbol and whose members individually or
and whose primary objective is to obtain money collectively engage in or have engaged in a
through illegal activities(FBI, according to H. pattern of criminal activity, creating an atmosphere
Abaddinsky) of fear and intimidation within the community or a
- Planned commission of criminal offenses, determined specific area using violence and intimidation.
by the pursuit of profit and power, involving more than
two persons over a prolonged or indefinite period of B. Non – Traditional Organized Crimes
time, using a commercial or business license scheme,
 1. Terrorist Group - Considered as non-traditional Boss
organized crime because its main objective is
politically or ideologically motivated.
Underboss Consigliere

2. Private Armed Group - Refer to those having

firearms with the aim of intimidating, coercing and Captains
sowing fear in favor of certain
politicians.(Administrative Order 275) Soldiers/
Members
OC is organized in a hierarchical manner which
makes it “organized”
3. Limited or Exclusive Membership
ENFORCER The criteria such as ethnic background, race,
- the one who makes for the arrangements for the kinship, criminal record and other similar consideration
killing (injuring or carrying out the task physically, seems to be the basis for membership in an organized
economically or psychologically) the members or non- crime group.
members. Sponsorship by a ranking members and behavior
characteristics also plays important factors for recruitment
CORRUPTER such as but not limited to: willingness to commit criminal
- the one who corrupts or bribes, intimidate or act, follow the rules and regulations and secrecy in the
threatens, negotiate or “sweet talks” into a relationship with organization.
public officials, law enforcement officer, or anyone who
would be of help in obtaining security and immunity from 4. Constitute a unique subculture
possible arrest, prosecution and punishments. Members of the organized crime group considered
themselves distinct from the conventional society. They
CORRUPTEE look at the society as “weak and stupid” and treat them with
- a public officials, law enforcement officers or anybody derisions if not contempt, and therefore not subject to its
who not a member of the organization who can helps the rules. This is sometimes referred to as “the underworld”.
organization
VENDETTA / “BLOOD WASHES BLOOD” - any offense
or slight to the famiglia had to avenged, no matter what the
ATTRIBUTES OF ORGANIZED CRIMES consequences or how long look on it.

1. Has no political goal

2. Is hierarchical 5. Perpetuates itself
3. Has a limited or exclusive membership An organized criminal group constitutes an
4. Constitute a unique subculture ongoing criminal conspiracy designed to persist through
5. Perpetuates itself time; that is, beyond the life of the current membership. In
6. Exhibits a willingness to use illegal violence and order for the group to survive, it must have an
bribery institutionalized process for inducting new members and
7. Demonstrates specialization/ division of labor inculcating them with the values and ways of behaving of
8. Is monopolistic the social system. This is shown by the depth of the sub-
9. Is governs by explicit rules and regulations cultural orientation exhibited by the group.

1. Has no Political Goals 6. Willingness to use Illegal Violence and Bribery

Organized crime is basically motivated by Violence is readily available and acceptable in an
money and power. It is not social doctrine neither organized crime group as a means to achieve its goal.
political belief nor ideological concerns that Bribery becomes necessary so as to protect its operation
motivated leaders and members of the organized and insure lesser chance of detection and suppression.
crime groups. Political involvement may be part of
its activities for the purpose of gaining protection 7. Specialization/Division of Labor
for its illegal activities. There is a need for established functional position
filled with qualified members.
2. Hierarchical
An organized crime has a vertical power structure 8. MONOPOLISTIC
with at least three (3) ranks. The authority is inherent in the An organized crime group eschew competition. It
position and does not depend on who happens to be strives for hegemony over a particular geographic area, a
occupying it at any given time. particular “industry”, legitimate or illegitimate, or a
combination of both.
A monopoly, of course, restrains “free trade” and
increases profits. An organized crime monopoly is
maintained by violence, by the threat of violence, or by f. power
corrupt relationships with law enforcement officials. A g. profit
combination of both methods, violence and corruption, 3. Patron – client Model
may be employed. a. closed network that is hard for the police to
penetrate
9. GOVERNS BY EXPLICIT RULES AND REGULATION b. opportunities for criminal activities are
An organized crime group, like a legitimate initiated by low-ranked members
organization, has a set of rules and regulations that c. service and protection
members are expected to follow. d. may hire the expertise of some criminals
In an organized crime group, however, a rule- e. immediately adjust if a leader is incapable
violating member is not fired but, more likely, fired upon 4. Chambliss Organized Crime Network Model
a. OC cannot operate without the direct
OMERTA – code of silence or code of secrecy; “be true in complicity and connivance of the political
the inside but not in the outside”. machinery
b. OC is an important source of political
Types of Connection between Organized Crime and corruption
Illegal Business c. OC provides illegal goods and services to the
public
1. Parasitic – OC members extort money from illegal 5. Smith’s Enterprise Model – the law of supply and
entrepreneurs under threat of violence demand
2. Reciprocal – OC extort money but provides service 6. Ianni’s Kinship Group Model – kinship or ethnic
e.g. debt collection or restricting market entry social network
3. Entrepreneurship – OC provides illegal goods and
services Comparative Perspective in Organized Crime
4. Corruption – is the use of legislated powers by
government officials for illegitimate private gain MAFIA – is a kind of organized crime being active not only
a. Bribery – requires one to give and another to in several illegal fields, but also tending to exercise
receive. It is demanded for an official to do sovereignty functions – normally belonging to public
something he is already paid to do. The intent is authorities – over a specific territory.
influence.
b. Graft – it only requires that an official has gained ✓ Accordingly, MAFIA is the acronym of MORTA ALLA
something of value, not part of his official pay, FRANCIA, ITALIA ANELA (ITALIAN FOR DEATH
when doing his work. TO FRANCE, THIS IS ITALY’S CRY).
c. Patronage – favoring supporters during the ✓ Some say, however, that the original name for Mafia
previous election was LA COSA NOSTRA (OUR THING).
d. Nepotism – favoring relatives ✓ At one point in their history, they even called their
e. Cronyism – favoring personal friends group “The Honored Society” and their members
f. Embezzlement – theft or misappropriation of (Mafiosi) as “Men of Honor” or” Made Men”. In Sicily,
entrusted resources Mafia also means “manly”.
g. Kickback – it is the official’s share of ✓ Sicilian Mafia is said to be the LYNCHPIN of
misappropriated funds from his office made organized crime in the New World
possible by corrupt bidders
FAMOUS MAFIA GROUPS IN ITALY
MODELS OF ORGANIZED CRIME
1. The Sicilian Mafia – it is the most powerful and
1. Bureaucratic or Corporate Model – purely most active Italian organized crime group in the
business, colder set of ideals US. It is also considered the second largest
a. a complicated hierarchy organization in Italy. It specializes in heroin
b. an extensive division of labor trafficking, political corruption, and military arms
c. position and recruitment is based on skill trafficking. It also engages in frauds, counterfeiting and
d. responsibilities are carried out impersonally other racketeering crimes.
e. extensive rules and regulations
f. written communications down the hierarchy ✓ In Sicily, the term “EXCELLENT CADAVER” is
2. Presidential Commission on Organized Crime used to describe the assassination of prominent
Model (PCOC) government officials.
a. continuity
b. structure OMERTA – the law of silence of the Sicilians that forbids
c. membership the common man, woman or child to cooperate with the
d. criminality police or government, upon pain of death.
e. violence Rituals of the Sicilian Mafia
 THE FIVE (5) MAFIA FAMILIES IN USA
The neophyte is brought together with at least
three men of honor of the family and the oldest member 1. Colombo Family - Founded by Joseph Profaci and
present warns him that “this house” is meant to protect the named after Joseph Colombo. Considered as the
weak against the abuse of the powerful. He then pricks the weakest and the youngest of all five families.
finger of the initiate and spills his blood onto a sacred 2. Gambino - Founded by Salvatore D’Aquila and
image, usually of a saint. The image is placed in the hand named after Carlo Gambino. Considered as the
of the initiate and lit on fire. The neophyte must withstand most powerful among the 5 families.
the pain of the burning, passing the image from one hand 3. Bonnano - Founded by Salvatore Manzano and
to another, until the image has been consumed, while named after Joseph Bonnano
swearing to keep faith with the principles of Cosa Nostra, 4. Lucchese - Founded by Gaetano “Tommy” Reina
solemnly swearing “may my flesh burn like this saint if I fail and Named after Tommy Lucchese
to keep my oath”. 5. Genovese - Founded by Joe Masseria and Charlie
“Lucky” Luciano and named after Vito Genovese.
Some Mafia’s Traditional Terminologies Considered as the most organized among the 5
families.
✓ Capo Di Tutti Capi – boss of all bosses
✓ Capo Di Capi Re – a title of respect to a retired YAKUZA
member, equivalent to being a member emeritus
✓ Capo Crimine – Crime boss usually the head of a Also known as Gokudo or BORYOKUDAN (Violence
crime family groups) – its name was originated from the Japanese card
✓ Picciotto (little man) – a low-ranking member game Oicho Kabu, a card game. Ya-Ku-Sa represents the
usually not of Italian ancestry numbers eight, nine and three – the total is 20, a useless
number that means also a bad fortune for the player.
2. Camorra or Neapolitan Mafia – Camorra means
“gang”. It first appeared in Naples, Italy as a prison ✓ YAKUZA call themselves: “NINKYO DANTAI” or
gang and it continued to grow in number. It is now the CHIVALROUS ORGANIZATION
largest of the Italian organized crime groups. ✓ Yakuza follows the “OYABUN-KOBUN”
organizational structure
3. Ndrangheta or Calabrian Mafia – Ndrangheta came o Oyabun – sometimes called as Kumicho or
from the Greek word “andraghatia” meaning courage family head
or loyalty. It was formed when some Sicilians were o Kobun – foster child
banished by the Italian government to Calabria and
there they formed small criminal groups known as cells Yakuza Rituals
(are loosely connected family groups based on blood 1. Yubitsume – for the first offense, the transgressor
relationships and marriages). The Ndrangheta must cut off the tip of his left little finger and hand the
specializes in kidnapping, political corruption, drug severed portion to the boss as a form of penance or
trafficking, murder, bombings, counterfeiting, apology. Sometimes, the Underboss may do this
gambling, frauds, theft, labor racketeering, loan himself to spare a member of his gang
sharking and alien smuggling 2. Irezumi – hand-poked full-body tattoos for the
members through hand-made and hand-held tools
4. Sacra Corona Unita – it is based in the Southeastern with needles of sharpened bamboo or steel
region of Puglia and it also started as a prison gang. 3. Pearlings – one pearl is inserted into the skin of the
It has links with other Mafia groups as they collect from penis of the member for every year in prison
the smugglers landing rights on the southeast coast of 4. Oicho-Kabu – the members, whenever they play this
Italy. It specializes in smuggling cigarettes, drugs, card game, are given the chance to display their
arms and people; money laundering; extortion; and tattoos to the other members as they normally keep
political corruption. them concealed with long-sleeved and high-necked
shirts
5. Stidda - Called by the Italian Media as the “Fifth 5. Sake-sharing ceremony – is used to seal bonds of
Mafia”. Organized by criminals Giuseppe Croce brotherhood between individual yakuza members or
Benvento and Salvatore Calafato. Its members can be groups
identified by a tattoo of five greenish marks arranged PRINCIPAL YAKUZA FAMILIES
in a circle forming a star called “I punti della malavita”
or “the points of criminal life”. It made itself an 1. YAMAGUCHI GUMI –This is considered as the Japan’s
underworld player in the U.S., Canada and Germany. most powerful syndicate named after its founder Harukichi
Yamaguchi. It is the largest family of Yakuza having 20,
400 active members and 18, 600 associated members in
2007. Of 86,300 yakuza in the Japanese underworld, its
membership encompasses 45 %.
• 1st Kumicho (1915 -1925): Harukichi Yamaguchi
 • 2nd Kumicho (1925 -1942): Noboru Yamaguchi fall of the USSR, Russians were desperate for money that
• 6th Kumicho (2005-present): Shinobu Tsusaka (real many former government workers turned to crime. Former
name is Kenichi Shinoda) KGB agents, sportsmen and veterans of the Afghan and
2. ICHIWA-KAI – A Japanese crime clan founded by former Chechen wars, now finding themselves with no work but
Yamagchi-gumi leader Hiroshi Yamamoto in 1982. with experience in areas that could prove useful in crime,
Yamamoto broke away from Yamaguchi when his rival, joined the increasing crime wave. Widespread corruption,
Masahisa Takenaka, was named Oyabun of the famed
poverty and distrust of the authorities only contributed to
crime family when famed Japanese mobster Kazuo Taoka
died. the rise of organized crime.
3. SUMIYOSHI-KAI – second largest with 15,000 members; It
is known as the prime rival of Yamagchi-gumi. The current The following are the individual gangs:
Oyabun is Shigeo Nishiguchi.
4. INIGAWA KAI – this is reputed to be the third-largest gang 1. Solntsevskaya Bratva – it is considered the most
in Japan known for having created most of its wealth from powerful OCG in the world and the most
sophisticated business scams. The family of Yakuza which dangerous operating in Moscow.
expanded in all countries. This was founded by Kakuji 2. Dolgoprudnenskaya Bratva – a very influential
Inigawa in 1945. Hidecki Inigawa is the current Kumicho of OCG and considered the largest OCG in Moscow.
the clan. 3. Izmaylovskaya Bratva - it is the oldest of the
5. TAO YUAI JIGYO KUMIAI – the smallest family with 1,000
Russian Mafia Groups that utilized quasi-military
members but considered as the most influential among
Yakuza families. ranks and strict internal discipline. It was involved
in murder for hire, extortion and infiltration of
legitimate businesses.
CHINESE TRIAD
Pakhan – the boss in a criminal cell called brigadier
It started as a resistance to the Manchu Emperor
of the Qing Dynasty. Triad is a term that describes many
branches of Chinese underground society or organization
based in Taiwan, Hongkong, Singapore, Malaysia and COLOMBIAN DRUG CARTELS
other places where there is a significant Chinese
population. 1. Medellin Cartel – Founded in 1980 by PABLO
Their activities include car theft, contract killing, ESCOBAR with drug bosses Jose Gonzalo
drug trafficking, extortion, money laundering, gambling, Rodriguez Gacha and the top aid cocaine barons
prostitution and racketeering. The major source of the Juan David and the Ochoa Brothers who
Triad’s income today comes from counterfeiting of responsible for organizing world’s drug trafficking
copyrighted and trademarked goods such as clothing, network
coins, computer software, money, handbags, music, CDs,
watches and movie VCDs and DVDs. They also trade in It is an organized network of drug suppliers and
endangered species. smugglers originating in the city of Medellin, Colombia. It
had killed around 3,500 people including 500 Medellin
HONG KONG CRIMINAL GROUPS Police officers. At the height of its operations, it brought in
more than $60 million per day.
1. SUN YE ON
✓ Most powerful & Largest triad 2. Cali Cartel – was a drug cartel based in southern
✓ Headed by: Kung Sun Ye On Colombia that was founded by the Rodriguez
2. WO SING WO Orejuela brothers, Gilberto Aka Don Chepe “The
✓ 2nd Largest Chess Player” and Miguel.
3. 14K
✓ 3rd Largest The downfall of the Medellin Cartel causes the rise of the
Cali Cartel- the newly emerged cocaine monopoly.
Tongs – originated among early-marginalized Chinatown
communities to protect themselves from the natives, but ✓ It trafficked Marijuana and later the more
because it had no political motives, they soon found lucrative cocaine which produces over 90% of
themselves involved in criminal activities like extortion, cocaine in the world
gambling, human trafficking, murder and prostitution. ✓ It was a multiple cell that operated as a tight
Recently, however, they became a civic-minded group of independent criminal organizations, yet
organization. reported to a celeno or manager, who then
reported to the Cali.
RUSSIAN MAFIA
Due to this, it was called the best and the brightest of the
– Russian Mafia or “Red Mob” or “Bratva”(slang for modern underworld. “they are professionals of the
brotherhood) – during the economic disaster just after the
highest order, intelligent, efficient, imaginative, and Manila and hibernates in the said provinces after the
nearly impenetrable”- US- Drug Enforcement Agency. successful execution of their heists.

Some Business of Organized Crime Groups

MEXICAN DRUG CARTELS
2. Gambling – it is the wagering of money or something
1. SINALOA CARTEL – the Mexico’s largest drug cartel of material value with the intent to win more but the
headed by Joaquin Guzman-Loera (aka El Chapo /Shorty outcome is uncertain.
Guzman). The United States Intelligence Community Gaming – is gambling permitted by law
considers the Sinaloa Cartel as the most powerful drug
3. Loan sharking – is the lending of money to another
trafficking organization in the world.
2. JUAREZ CARTEL – (a.k.a. Carrillo Fuentes wherein the percentage of the principal is too
Organization), founded by Amado Carrillo Fuentes and exorbitant for the lender to pay his debt and the
bases in Juarez, Mexico and is associated with Cali and collection is done by force or intimidation.
Medellin Cartel. 4. Pornography – is the depiction of explicit sexual
3. TIJUANA CARTEL – among the Mexican drug cartels, this subject matter for sexually titillating the viewer.
is the least powerful, founded by Arellano Felix Brothers. 5. Prostitution – is the act or practice of engaging in sex
acts for hire.
a. Whore – the usual term for a commercial sex
OCGS IN THE PHILIPPINES worker or sex trade worker
b. Hooker or street walker – one who solicits
1. Francisco Group – formerly called the Dragon or customers in public places
Kuratong Baleleng Group led by Manuel Francisco c. Call girl – makes appointments by phone
with 66 members armed with assorted high powered d. Gigolo – one who offers services to female
firearms and operates in Metro Manila, Cebu, customers
Pagadian, Dipolog and Cagayan De Oro City. It is e. Hustlers or Rentboys – those offering services to
engaged in robbery/hold up, carnapping, illegal drugs male customers
trafficking, and rice and sugar smuggling. f. Pimps (male) and Madams (female) –
2. Pentagon Group – it is a creation of the Moro Islamic organizers of prostitution or procurers for
Liberation Front (MILF) in order to generate funds for customers
the MILF and insulate MILF members from criminal g. Johns or Tricks – the customers of prostitutes in
accusations. Most of the members are also listed as North America
members of the MILF. It is headed by Tahir Alonto with h. Punters – the British customers of prostitutes
168 heavily armed members. It primarily engaged in i. Kerb crawlers – men who drive along red-light
Kidnap for ransom (KFR) in Mindanao and in Metro districts to solicit prostitutes
Manila.
3. Lexus Group – It is a carnapping group of around 37 Types of Prostitution
members operating in NCR, Region 3 and 4.
4. Rex “Wacky” Salud Group – it operates illegal 1. Escort prostitution – out-call and in-call
gambling in Cebu with around 30 members. 2. Lot lizard – serves the trucking industry
5. Vicvic Yu Group – it operates illegal gambling in 3. Street prostitution – solicits customers in street
Central Visayas with around 16 members. corners or walking the streets
6. Lost Command KFR Group – is mainly composed of 4. Skeezers – trade sex for illegal drugs
ex-soldiers and ex-policemen who were rendered 5. Sex tourism – the commercial sexual relation by
jobless after the 1986 EDSA Revolution. Most of its the tourist with residents at the destination
members are seasoned combatants and have good
background in intelligence works. Philippines - considered as the haven for sex industry.
7. Ilonggo KFR Group – is composed of remnants of the Thailand - It is considered as the most notorious in the
paramilitary force Kuratong Baleleng which was first world in terms of sex industry, importing at least one (1)
organized in the 1970s and reactivated in the early 80s million women from China, Laos and Vietnam.
to help address the renewed threat of the local
communist movement in Misamis Occidental. 5. Pornography - is the depiction of explicit sexual
However, after the decline of the insurgency problem subject matter for sexually exciting the viewer.
in the area, this paramilitary force outlived its purpose
and gradually metamorphosed into a notorious crime Sub Genres of Pornography
syndicate. It is engaged in extortion, protection racket a. Soft-core – refers to pornography that does not
and bank robbery. It is believed that it has merged with depict penetration
other crime groups especially the dreaded Ilonggo b. Hardcore – pornography that depicts penetration
Crime Group headed by Eduardo “Boy” Iran. explicitly
8. Waray-Abuyog Group – is composed of hardened
criminals from Samar and Leyte. It operates in Metro
RA 9775 - It is an act defining the crime of Child bank complicity and false import and export
Pornography, prescribing Penalties therefore and for other transactions.
purposes
RA 9995 – Anti Photo and Video Voyeurism Act R.A. 9160 – The Anti-Money Laundering Act of 2001, as
6. Trafficking in Persons – it is the recruitment, amended by R.A. 9194
transportation, transfer, harboring or receipt of
persons, by means of: threat or use of force or other Salient Features:
forms of coercion, abduction, fraud, deception, abuse
of power, a position of vulnerability, the giving or 1. Criminalizes Money laundering
receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the 2. Creates a financial intelligence unit or
consent of a person having control over another implementing agency
person, for the purpose of exploitation. 3. Imposes requirements re customer identification,
record keeping and reporting of covered and
RA 9208 - Anti Trafficking in persons act of 2003 suspicious transactions
RA 10364 - Expanded Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act of 4. Relaxes strict bank deposit secrecy laws
2012 5. Provides for freezing, seizure, forfeiture, recovery
of dirty money or property
White slavery - engagement in the business for profit, or 6. Provides for international cooperation
enlistment of services of any other person for the purpose
of prostitution. Punishable Acts under the AMLA

7. The Illegal Drug business – this is one major 1. Money laundering proper
source of funds for organized crime groups 2. Facilitation
8. Labor Racketeering – it is the use of union power 3. Failure to report
for personal profit and its heart relies on fear 4. Failure to keep records
9. Business Racketeering - `is the act of operating an 5. Malicious reporting
illegal business or scheme in order to make profit by 6. Breach of confidentiality
a structured group
10. Money Laundering – is the practice of disguising Freezing of Monetary Instrument or Property
illegally obtained funds so that they may seem legal Upon verified petition by the AMLC and after
determination that probable cause exists that any
Steps of Money Laundering monetary instrument or property is in any way related to
an unlawful activity, will be issued a freeze order to be
1. Placement – (also called immersion )is the physical issued by Court of Appeals, which shall be effective
disposal of the money by moving funds from direct immediately.
association with crime and putting them into the "Money laundering is also committed by any covered
financial system, usually through person who, knowing that a covered or suspicious
transaction is required under this Act to be reported to the
Smurfing (moving small amounts at times to Anti-Money Laundering Council (AMLC), fails to do so."
avoid suspicion). It involves bank complicity, the (RA 10365)
mixing of licit with illicit funds, cash purchases and ANTI MONEY LAUNDERING COUNCIL
the smuggling of currency to safe havens. 1. The GOVERNOR of the BSP (Bangko Sentral ng
Pilipinas)
2. Layering – is (also called heavy soaping) the 2. The CHAIRPERSON of the SEC (Security and
process of disguising the trail to foil pursuit. It involves Exchange Commission)
the creation of false paper trail, conversion of cash into 3. The COMMISSIONER of the Insurance
monetary instruments and the conversion of tangible Commission
assets obtained by means of cash purchases. 11. Cyber Crime - Any offense that is committed by a
Electronic processes is the most cost-effective computer, computer system or computer network.
layering method. They offer the criminal speed,
distance, minimal audit trail and virtual anonymity amid RA 10175 - Anti Cyber Crime Law of 2012
the enormous daily volume of electronic transfer, all at ✓ Republic Act No. 8792 or the E-commerce Law
minimal cost. was signed into law which punishes certain crimes
3. Integration – (also called spin dry) the money is such as computer hacking and intrusion of viruses
again available to the criminal with its occupational and worms to computer networks.
and geographical origin hidden. Because the money is ✓ R.A. 8484 - Access Device Regulation Act of 1998.
often repatriated in the form of clean, often taxable o Access Device - Is any card, plate, code,
income. It is achieved by means of real estate account number, electronic serial number,
transactions, front companies and sham loans, foreign personal identification number or other
 means of account access that can be used 6. Cyber Stalking - the criminal follows the victim by
to obtain money, goods, services. sending emails, and frequently entering the chat
✓ CYBER SEX - Is a sexual activity of arousal rooms that causes an intentional, substantial and
through communication using the computer. unreasonable intrusion into the private life of the
Cybersex-for-pay employs the Internet and utilizes person.
computer cameras and microphones that allows 7. Cyber Defamation/ Libel - The use of the computer
client to see and talk to girls doing the role play for system to make false statements against a person
them thereby injuring his reputation
o According to CIDG, the cybersex “hot spots” 8. Cyber Terrorism - It is the premeditated use of
here in the Philippines (2014) are the disruptive activities, or the threat thereof, in cyber
following? space, with the intention to further social, ideological,
1. Angeles Pampanga religious, political or similar objectives, or to intimidate
2. San Fernando Pampanga any person in furtherance of such objectives.
3. Las Pinas
4. Davao Terrorism

R.A. 8293 - the Intellectual Property Code of the It is a threat or actual use of force or violence for
Philippines that tries to protect patents, industrial design, political or other purpose, to foster fear, insecurity, distrust
trademarks and copyright and unrest among the people
The commission of crimes (rebellion, murder,
Patent - is the statutory grant, by government, which kidnapping, hijacking etc.) that sow or create a condition of
confers to an INVENTOR to exclude others from making, widespread and extraordinary fear and panic among
using, selling or importing the invention within the territory the populace in order to coerce the government to give
of the country that granted the patent for 17 years. in to an unlawful demand. (R.A. 9372 or the H.S.A.)
✓ To inflict MASSIVE FEAR is the main purpose of
Reasons of the Vulnerability of Computers terrorism

1. Capacity to store data in a relatively small space RA 10168 - The Terrorism Financing, Prevention and
2. Easy to access Suppression Act of 2012
3. Loss of evidence GENERIC TYPES OF TERRORISM
1. DOMESTIC TERRORISM - Involves persons or
Onel De Guzman groups committing a terrorist act/s in their own country.
✓ Had made the “I LOVE YOU VIRUS” 2. INTERNATIONAL TERRORISM - Involves citizens or
✓ It originates in the country May 4, 2000 and the territory of more than one country.
spread itself around the world in one day from 3. RELIGIOUS TERRORISM - Terror in the Mind of
Hongkong to Europe to United States. Like other God”. Terrorizing for religious purpose
corporations, the Pentagon, CIA and British 4. SEPARATIST - Separation from existing entities
Parliament had to shut down their mail systems 5. ETHNOCENTRIC - Seeing their race as the defining
characteristic of society
Manners of Committing Cyber Crimes 6. NATIONALISTIC - Creation of a nation or splitting
away from existing state
1. Hacking - Unauthorized access into or interference in 7. REVOLUTIONARY - Overthrow an established order
a computer system in order to corrupt, alter, steal, or replacing it with new structure
destroy using a computer or other similar information 8. POLITICAL - Opposing the existing political structure
and communication devices. 9. SOCIAL - Aka SINGLE ISSUE/ SPECIAL INTEREST
2. Denial of Service Attack - The bandwidth of the Terrorism
victim’s network is flooded or his e-mail box is filled
with spam mail depriving him of the services he is KNOWN TERRORIST GROUPS
entitled to access or provide
3. Virus Dissemination - This is usually done by means 1. AL-QAEDA
of a malicious code or software. – Founded in 1988 by OSAMA BIN LADEN
4. Web Defacement - This is the act of the intruder into – Ideology: JIHADISM
a server and changing without permission all the – Home base: No home base
aspect of a website which the public can see
5. Phishing - a form of identity theft in which scammers NOTABLE ATTACKS
send mass emails posing as banks, credit card – August 1988, Attack on US Embassies in
companies, popular commercial web sites, asking the Nairobi, Kenya, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
recipients to confirm or update financial information in – October 2000, Bombing of USS Cole, at Coast
a hyperlink in order to appear like it came from the of Yemen
original website
 – 9/11 SUICIDE ATTACK on the World Trade – Led by: AMERIL UMBRA KATO
Center and Pentagon – Rejected the Framework Agreement on
Bangsamoro, goal is Bangsamoro Independence
OSAMA BIN LADEN
– Killed on May 2, 2011 4. ASG (Abu Sayyaf Group)
– OPERATION NEPTUNE SPEAR – Also known as al-Harakat al-Islamiyya
– In English “Bearer of the Sword”
AYMAN MOHAMMED RABIE al-ZAWAHIRI – Founder: Abdurajik Abubakar Janjalani
– An Egyptian physician and theologian – Current Leader: Khadaffy Janjalani
– Current Leader of Al Qaeda
5. Fake MNLF aka 15EC
2. Jemaah Islamiya – 3rd Separatist of MNLF, 2001
– Founded: 1933 – Call themselves as MNLF Central Committee/
– Aliases: “Islamic Congregation”, “Islamic MNLF Executive Council
Community”, or “Islamic Group”
– Base: Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore 6. CPP-NPA-NDF (New People’s Army)
– Ideology: Create an Islamic State across – Combat arm of CPP that was formed on March 29,
Southeast Asia 1969 by JOSE MARIA SISON
– Aim: Overthrowing Philippine Government
NOTABLE ATTACKS through guerilla warfare
– October 2002: triple bombing in Bali – Opposes to US Military Forces in the Philippines
– August 2003: J.W. Marriott Hotel, Jakarta
Indonesia SEPARATIST GROUPS OF NPA
– September 2004: Australia Embassy bombing in
Jakarta 1. Alex Boncayao Brigade (ABB)
2. Cordillera People’s Liberation Army (CPLA)
3. Hezbollah 3. Rebolusyonaryong Hukbong Bayan (MLPP-RHB)
– The Party of God
– A Shi’a Islamic Militant Group 7. RSM (RAJAH SOLAIMAN MOVEMENT)
– Base: Lebanon – Founded by: AHMED SANTOS (aka HILARION
– Ideology: Shi’a Radicalism DEL ROSARIO) in Jan 2002
– Its membership consists of Filipino Christians who
4. HAMAS have converted to Islam and it is now one of the
– Means Enthusiasm major conflicts in the Philippines.
– Acronym for: Ḥarakat al-Muqāwamah al- – “Balik Islam Movement”
ʾIslāmiyyah
– A Palestinian Sunni Islamic or Islamist Political GOVERNMENT’S RESPONSE TO TRANSNATIONAL
Party that governs Gaza Strip CRIME
– According to George W. Bush: “Hamas is an 1. The Philippine Center for Transnational Crime -
extremist group… it is one of the deadliest terrorist The PCTC was established under EO 62 on January
organizations in the world today.” 15, 1999 and was supplemented by EO 100 in May,
1999. Generally, the PCTC was created to address the
TERRORIST GROUPS IN THE PHILIPPINES global threat to national and international security; and
1. MNLF (Moro National Liberation Front) specifically to strengthen the operational,
– Founded by: Nur Misuari administrative and information support system
– Ideology: Egalitarianism, Independence of especially for law enforcement agencies in combating
Bangsamoro Land transnational crime.

SEPARATIST OF THE MNLF 2. 3-Tiered Defense System - Used by Philippine

1. MILF Government in dealing with crisis such as terrorism
2. ASG Composed of the following:
3. Fake MNLF a.k.a. 15EC
1. Intelligence Gathering
2. MILF (Moro Islamic Liberation Front) • Aimed at knowing enemies
– 1st separatist of MNLF in 1976 • Identifying potential target
– Originally called “New MNLF” 2. Target Hardening
– Led by: HASHIM SALAMAT • Strengthening or reinforcing identified
potential target making it difficult for the
3. BIFF (Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Fighters) terrorist to succeed
– Broke away from MILF , 2008 • Includes:
 • Securing potential target
• Setting up barriers between the terrorist and
the target.
3. Incident Management
• Effectively managing the incident and
mitigates the effects of the blast
• Promote resiliency

3. CIDG’s Flagship Projects on Anticrime

Operations

a. OPLAN SALIKOP – Against OCG and

Criminal Gangs
b. OPLAN PAGTUGIS – Against Wanted
Persons
c. OPLAN CLEANSWEEP – Against Hijacking,
Highway Robbery and Carnapping

-End-