Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

1.1 Introduction

The current context under the threat is COVID-19 pandemic became the
global health Issues today. It has a major impact in all aspect specifically in the
educational institutions. In attempt to reduce the spread of COVID-19. According to
Rham et al (2020), educational institutions around the world have either temporary
closed or implemented localized closures affecting about 1.7 billion of student’s
population worldwide.
In the Philippines DOH reported the first COVID-19 case in the country
acquired through local transmission on march March 8, 2020 and it really affects the
education of the student (DLSU) DE LA SALLE University Manila has opted to
continue synchronous and asynchronous online classes and flexible grading outputs
and assessments (University of Santo Tomas 2020).
This pandemic makes the world turn upside down including the learning
modalities of the students in education: this study aims to determine the effectivity of
the modules and provides student perception about the learning modalities in
Talacogon National High School.

Conceptional Framework

The main objective of this research study was to provide information about
student’s knowledge and perception about the effectiveness of learning modality
during this pandemic. The concept of this study is determining the student’s
perceptions and experiences amidst of this pandemic and in dealing today’s modes of
learning.

Effectiveness of learning Modality During this pandemic

Self-Esteem
Educational and
Assesment Psychological
Health
Effectiveness of new
learning system

Figure 1: Conceptional Framework

1.2 Statement of the Problem

The main objective of this study was to provide information about student’s
knowledge and perception about the effectiveness of learning modality during this
pandemic
This study aims to develop a research manual that will be the basis for teachers
and students in writing research manuscript. Specifically, the study sought to answer
the following questions.
1. How the students try to combat difficulties and hindrances.
2. Are selected modules in the modular technology education program an
effective method of delivering instruction.

1.3 Significance of the Study

This study will be undertaken to find out the student’s perceptions and
experiences about the modes of learning and to measure its effectiveness towards
student’s performances and learning.
Student: This study will evaluate the academic performance, the skills learned, and
learnings gained by students.
Parents: This research benefits the parents of the children. As parents enrolled their
children, in this situation children are given more education that would make then a
functional individual in the society.
Teacher: The result of the study will help the teachers to evaluate student academic
performance, attitudes and skills. Results would also develop the teaching. Learning
and evaluating strategies in enhancing knowledge and skills.
1.4 Scope and Delimitation
The main objective of this study is to determine student perception and
experiences of today’s modes of learning and to analyze its effectiveness. This study
is delimited only to the grade 11 male and female students enrolled in this school year
2020-2021 at Talacogon National High School. It delimits that the study may not be
generalizable to other population or youth who no longer attend school.

1.5 Definition of Terms

Asynchronous= is a general term used to describe forms of education,

instruction, and learning that do not occur in the same place or at the same
time.

COVID-19 = Corona virus disease is an infectious disease caused by a newly

discovered virus (WHO 2019).

Education= Process of receiving or systematic instruction (wiki 2010).

Global: Relating or embracing the whole of something.

Learning modalities= is a way of using sensory information to earn (Meriam

2014).

Local transmission= it is defined as single locally acquired case or cases

clustered in a single household nearby.

Pandemic= epidemic occurring worldwide.

Student= person who is studying.

Synchronous= existing or occurring at the same time.

 Chapter 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 Foreign Literature

Foreign Literature According to Reiser (2013) " students for them to develop
understanding of subject matter requires that teachers know what students already
understand and believe about the world " The pandemic has exposed the shortcomings
of the current higher education system and the need for more training of educators in
digital technology to adapt to the rapidly changing education climate of the world. In
the post-pandemic situation, the use of eLearning and virtual education may become
an integral part of the higher education system. The higher education institutions and
universities need to plan the post-pandemic education and research strategies to
ensure student learning outcomes and standards of educational quality. (Shazia
Rashid, Sunishtha Singh Yadav).

The lockdown has accelerated adoption of digital technology. It has provided a

chance to develop new and improved professional skills/knowledge through online
learning in more efficient and productive way. Online learning is the best solution
during this pandemic Covid-19 situation (Pravat, 2020b). So, the digital India vision
of the government is emerging as a vital tool for solving the present crisis due to
Covid-19. It is a fact that technology-based education is more transparent with all
respect. Looking at this challenge of colleges and schools being shut, government of
India, as well as state governments and private players have undertaken proper
initiatives. Teachers can only use students' prior knowledge if they know what it is.
Balderas (2016) found out that the characteristics of module he stressed that learning
modules are the progeny of two reform movements in education that included
programmed learning and mastery learning.”.

A module aims at developing a clearly identifiable and certifiable portion of

the curriculum, expressed in terms of competence objectives. Mercedes also define
module as having the statement of purpose, desirable prerequisite skills, l objectives,
implementers of the modules, the modular program, related experience, evaluative
pretest, and assessment of Modules. In Addition, teachers are being trained on
inclusive education, with resource centers established to support clusters of schools.
This is important to the present study by making a comparison on how different
countries address the illiteracy on their own areas.

2.2 Local Literature

Modules on different learning strand according to Flores and Gago (2020 )

The need to create learning environments for student teachers doing their teacher
education preparation implied decisions, choices and adaptations in order to meet not
only the expectations of students but also the requirements of teacher education as
well as the conditions in which both universities and schools had to operate .The
advantages of using modular approach of instruction includes the establishment a
system of assessment other than marks or grade. Learners study the modules in their
own working environment. The modular Program, related Experience, evaluative
Pretest, and assessment of module.

The literature of Lardizabal connect to the present study by defining the limit
of a module and how it can be used in the present learning scenario Bao 2020; Flores
and Gago 2020 define that As far as teacher education is concerned, descriptions of
how institutions and stakeholders adapted to the new scenario created by COVID-19
pandemic ; Quezada, Talbot, and Quezada-Parker 2020; Zhang et al. 2020 explained
that training strategies and experiences of innovation (Ferdig et al. 2020) have been
reported. As such, teaching and learning online entails a specific process which is
visible in the roles, competencies and professional development approaches (Ní Shé et
al. 2019) as well as in the curriculum, pedagogy, assessment and the nature of
interaction among participants. It is, therefore, important to find out how online
teaching and learning in teacher education occur and why, and to explore its
implications, particularly in the current emergency remote scenario.
2.3 Foreign Studies

The results of this study reveal that the effectivity modular learning during
pandemic. Koh, 2020). Stated that Students would then work independently or with a
parent, seeking help from teachers during office hours if they had questions Teachers
became “advisers” and maintained contact through video chats or over the telephone
(Keane, 2020; Koh, 2020). The study is important to the current study since it give the
topic that are needed to be present in the module. The main driving force behind the
introduction of modules in teaching learning process lies in the fact that they have
roles that can help to solve key educational problems. The study is important to the
current study since it give the advantages of the modular learning approach and the
benefit of having it in the instruction Nevertheless, acquiring technology and internet
access reportedly proved difficult for many parents.

Some estimated, for example, 200,000 California households lacked devices to

participate in virtual instruction (Koh, 2020). States provided funds for internet hot
spots, but extreme demand left store shelves empty and families waiting weeks to get
online. Even if technology was available, some families struggled to gain permission
from their landlords to install the necessary equipment (Blume et al., 2020). Students
unable to access internet at home sat outside businesses with free wifi to do
homework (Bloch, 2020). And some districts reportedly failed to deliver needed
devices out of fear the mere distribution would facilitate spread of the virus
(Crutchfield & Londberg, 2020).

2.4 Local Studies

Jim Soland, Megan Kuhfeld, Beth Tarasawa, Angela Johnson, Erik Ruzek,
and Jing Liu stated Finally, the effects of COVID-19 our study cannot examine may
be the ones most worthy of addressing. Prior research on students displaced by
Hurricane Katrina indicated that they had difficulty concentrating and often
manifested symptoms of depression in the months following the hurricane.
Understanding these impacts and how best to support students’ social and emotional
needs after the huge disruption of COVID-19 will be essential. Many students may
face greater food insecurity, loss of family income, loss of family members to the
coronavirus, and fear of catching the virus themselves. Samonte (2008) evaluated and
tried out environmental education module for the use of students of St. Scholastica
College. She found out that the majority of the students’ comments and responses to
the guide questions and personal insights were positive.

The remarks and suggestions were sufficient reasons for considering the
modules suitable and purposeful. She concluded that the module was able to a great
extent to meet the criteria set in terms of content, instructional characteristics and
effectiveness. The study arrived in a conclusion that the current instructional materials
used at the college for are inadequate and are not designed for self-instruction, and the
instruction through self-instructional materials is as ineffective as the prevailing
teaching method of instruction; and students as well as teachers generally have a
negative attitude toward the use of individualized, self-instructional materials. As if
the challenges faced by teachers of today in regular classrooms are not enough,
mobile teachers in the Philippines face even more challenges when they say yes and
these teachers are always on the move and will probably never get to teach in a
regular classroom setting as long as they are hired as such.

The overall plan would make specific reference to guidance and would
incorporate a guidance plan that would help enable an institution or organization to
define its priorities and to best deploy the resources available to it. He further notes
that the teachers will then help them through the application, which would help them
find out how to do things on their own. Such independent learning can be rewarding
and drive students to undertake more activities to finish their learning goals. This is
important to the present study since it shows some of the strategies that can be used
other that modules. The foreign and local literature and studies have bearing on the
present study in as much that they focus on the development and acceptability of
module for the problem solving and critical thinking skills of Alternative Learning
System in district of Tanay II. Moreover, all the reviewed literature and studies serves
as comprehensive bases of the researcher to have direction in conducting the study.
The cited literature and studies gave31meaningful insights on the study being
investigated. They gave direction in giving support in the findings of the study.
 Chapter 3

RESEARCH METHODS

3.1 Research Design

Research design. The researchers will use quantitative descriptive design. the
purpose of this design is to identify the characteristics or effects of module as learning
modality during pandemic. The researcher uses this kind of design because it the topic
or the problem is very timely. The researcher will use questionnaires and surveys
through social media to avoid physical contact a response to upon the situation.

3.2 Participants of the Study

Participants of the study will be a convenience sample of grade 11 students

Male and Female students who's been enrolled this School Year 2021-2022,
maximum of 60 students minimum of 50. Parents of the students will be including
and beneficial to this survey as their basis for distinguishing students’ performances
and Learning.

3.3 Setting of the Study

 Setting of the study (local) high school building located at the province of
agusan del sur municipality of Talacogon barangay San Nicolas P-2. It is the chosen
locality because it is accessible to the researcher.

3.4 Research Instrument

1. To describe the profile of the senior high school students in Talacogon

Agusan Del Sur on research activities; 2. To evaluate the effectiveness of the modules
as learning modality during this pandemic and performances specially in terms of
grafting a research title, developing the problem and it's background, developing the
related literature, research methodology, analysis and interpretation of data, stating
the summary of findings, conclusion and recommendation, and writing the
bibliography or references cited in the study.

3.5 Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers had allotted vigorous time, effort and cooperation in

developing their online survey so as to serve its intended respondents. The first step
used was to ask some approval to practical research subject teacher upon approval the
survey was then conducted. Researchers preferred and intended to use online survey
and questioners through social media to avoid physical contact. After collecting all
the data, the researchers tallied the survey. The result would hopefully be the basis for
teachers to determined students learning capacities and performances.

3.6 Data Analysis

The researchers had a residential weekend where members of our group came
together to work on this. At this residential we spent time analyzing the data from
online surveys and questioners through social media. We begun with quantitative
data, we took along a sample of some of the graphs generated through surveys. We
decided to divide ourselves into two groups and were asked to look at these graphs
and consider 3 questions:
Q1. What is the graph telling us?

Q2. How students try to combat difficulties and hindrances?

Q3. Do you find anything interesting about it?

 What is the graph telling us?
G1: Number of students who experience difficulties of today’s modes of learning
G2: Nature of its effectiveness towards student’s performance and learning.
How students try to combat difficulties and hindrances?
G1: They tend to use internet and in any kind of research engines.
G2: Ask to their relative or friends in college.
Do you find anything interesting about it?
G1: Student’s learning capacities especially during amidst of pandemic
G2: Students experiences and inspiration to strive hard despite of this modes of
learning.

We then discussed about all of this. We use framework analysis to organized data. It
was very interesting to find that we had some similar ideas but also some very
different ones.