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2 Amount of Substance Exam Questions

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1
Multiple Choice

Q1. 25.0 cm3 of ethanedioic acid required 22.5 cm3 of 0.100 mol dm−3 potassium hydroxide solution for
complete neutralisation.

The concentration of ethanedioic acid is

A       0.0225 mol dm−3

B       0.0450 mol dm−3

C       0.0560 mol dm−3

D       0.0900 mol dm−3

(Total 1 mark)

Q2. Silver oxide, Ag2O, can be reduced by passing hydrogen gas over the heated oxide. The maximum
mass of silver that could be obtained from 2.32 g of silver oxide is

A       2.02 g

B       2.06 g

C       2.12 g

D       2.16 g
(Total 1 mark)

Q3. Which one of the following contains the smallest number of moles of carbon dioxide gas?
A       2.65 g

B       0.0150 m3 at 1000 K and 33.0 kPa

C       1.50 dm3 at 327 °C and 200 kPa

D       1500 cm3 at 300 K and 100 kPa

(Total 1 mark)

Q4. Sodium hydrogencarbonate decomposes on heating as shown by the equation below.

2NaHCO3 → Na2CO3 + H2O + CO2

The volume of carbon dioxide, measured at 298 K and 101 kPa, obtained by heating 0.0500
mol of sodium hydrogencarbonate is

A       613 cm3

B       1226 cm3

C       613 dm3

D       1226 dm3
(Total 1 mark)

2
Q5.
Which one of the following compounds contains the smallest percentage, by mass, of oxygen?

A       CH3OCH2CH3

B       CH3OCH2NH2

C       COS

D       C4H9Al(OH)2
(Total 1 mark)

Short and Long Answer

Q1.
Titanium(IV) oxide (TiO2, Mr = 79.9) is used as a white pigment in some paints. The pigment can
be made as shown in the following equation.

TiCl4(l)   +   2H2O(l)   →  TiO2(s)   +   4HCl(aq)

(a)     (i)      Calculate the percentage atom economy for the formation of TiO2

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(2)

(ii)     In view of the low atom economy of this reaction, suggest how a company can
maximise its profits without changing the reaction conditions or the production costs.

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(1)

(b)     In an experiment 165 g of TiCl4 were added to an excess of water.

(i)      Calculate the amount, in moles, of TiCl4 in 165 g.

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(2)

(ii)     Calculate the maximum amount, in moles, of TiO2 which can be formed in this
experiment.

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(1)

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 (iii)     Calculate the maximum mass of TiO2 formed in this experiment.

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(1)

(iv)    In this experiment only 63.0 g of TiO2 were produced. Calculate the percentage yield
of TiO2

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(1)
(Total 8 marks)

Q2.
(a) Potassium carbonate can also occur as a hydrated compound, K2CO3.xH2O.
Analysis of this hydrated compound showed that it contained 11.5% by mass of water.
Determine the value of x. Show your working.

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(2)

A sample of hydrated nickel sulfate (NiSO4.xH2O) with a mass of 2.287 g was heated to remove
all water of crystallisation. The solid remaining had a mass of 1.344 g.

(b)     Calculate the value of the integer x.

Show your working.

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4
Q3.
Some airbags in cars contain sodium azide (NaN3).

(a)     Sodium azide is made by reacting dinitrogen monoxide gas with sodium amide (NaNH2)
as shown by the equation.

2NaNH2  +  N2O     NaN3   +   NaOH   +   NH3

Calculate the mass of sodium amide needed to obtain 550 g of sodium azide, assuming
there is a 95.0% yield of sodium azide.
Give your answer to 3 significant figures.

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(5)

(b)     If a car is involved in a serious collision, the sodium azide decomposes to form sodium
and nitrogen as shown in the equation.

2NaN3(s)     2Na(s)   +   3N2(g)

The nitrogen produced then inflates the airbag to a volume of 7.50 × 10−2 m3 at a pressure
of 150 kPa and temperature of 35 °C.

Calculate the minimum mass of sodium azide that must decompose.

(The gas constant R = 8.31 J K−1 mol−1)

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5
 (c)     Sodium azide is toxic. It can be destroyed by reaction with an acidified solution of nitrous
acid (HNO2) as shown in the equation.

2NaN3  +  2HNO2  +  2HCl    3N2  +  2NO  +  2NaCl  +  2H2O

(i)      A 500 cm3 volume of the nitrous acid solution was used to destroy completely 150 g
of the sodium azide.

Calculate the concentration, in mol dm−3, of the nitrous acid used.

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(3)

(ii)     Nitrous acid decomposes on heating.

Balance the following equation for this reaction.

........HNO2    .......HNO3   +   .......NO   +   .......H2O

(1) [15]

Q4.
Zinc forms many different salts including zinc sulfate, zinc chloride and zinc fluoride.

(a)     People who have a zinc deficiency can take hydrated zinc sulfate (ZnSO4.xH2O) as a
dietary supplement.

A student heated 4.38 g of hydrated zinc sulfate and obtained 2.46 g of anhydrous zinc
sulfate.

Use these data to calculate the value of the integer x in ZnSO4.xH2O

Show your working.

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(3)

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(b)     Zinc chloride can be prepared in the laboratory by the reaction between zinc oxide and
hydrochloric acid.
The equation for the reaction is

ZnO + 2HCl   ZnCl2 + H2O

A 0.0830 mol sample of pure zinc oxide was added to 100 cm3 of 1.20 mol dm−3
hydrochloric acid.

Calculate the maximum mass of anhydrous zinc chloride that could be obtained from the
products of this reaction.

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(4)

(c)     Zinc chloride can also be prepared in the laboratory by the reaction between zinc and
hydrogen chloride gas.

Zn + 2HCl   ZnCl2 + H2

An impure sample of zinc powder with a mass of 5.68 g was reacted with hydrogen
chloride gas until the reaction was complete. The zinc chloride produced had a mass of
10.7 g.

Calculate the percentage purity of the zinc metal.

Give your answer to 3 significant figures.

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(4)

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 (d)     Zinc is similar to Group 2 metals and forms compounds containing Zn2+ ions.

Write an equation for the thermal decomposition of zinc carbonate to zinc oxide.

Calculate the percentage atom economy for the formation of zinc oxide from zinc
carbonate in this reaction.

Equation _______________________________________________________________

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Percentage atom economy _________________________________________________

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(3) [14]

Q5.
Ammonia is used to make nitric acid (HNO3) by the Ostwald Process.
Three reactions occur in this process.

Reaction 1     4NH3(g) + 5O2(g)     4NO(g) + 6H2O(g)

Reaction 2     2NO(g) + O2(g)     2NO2(g)

Reaction 3      3NO2(g) + H2O(I)     2HNO3(aq) + NO(g)

(a)     In one production run, the gases formed in Reaction 1 occupied a total volume of 4.31 m3
at 25 °C and 100 kPa.

Calculate the amount, in moles, of NO produced.

Give your answer to 3 significant figures.
(The gas constant R = 8.31 J K−1 mol−1)

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(Extra space) ________________________________________________________

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(4)

8
(b)     In another production run, 3.00 kg of ammonia gas were used in Reaction 1 and all of the
NO gas produced was used to make NO2 gas in Reaction 2.

(i)      Calculate the amount, in moles, of ammonia in 3.00 kg.

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(2)

(ii)     Calculate the mass of NO2 formed from 3.00 kg of ammonia in Reaction 2 assuming
an 80.0% yield.
Give your answer in kilograms.
(If you have been unable to calculate an answer for part (b)(i), you may assume a
value of 163 mol. This is not the correct answer.)

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(Extra space) ___________________________________________________

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(3)

(c)     Consider Reaction 3 in this process.

3NO2(g) + H2O(I)   2HNO3(aq) + NO(g)

Calculate the concentration of nitric acid produced when 0.543 mol of NO2 is reacted with
water and the solution is made up to 250 cm3.

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(Extra space) ________________________________________________________

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(2) [11]
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Q6.
Read the following instructions that describe how to make up a standard solution of a solid in a
volumetric flask.

‘Take a clean 250 cm3 volumetric flask. Use the balance provided and a clean, dry container, to
weigh out the amount of solid required. Tip the solid into a clean, dry 250 cm3 beaker and add
about 100 cm3 of distilled water. Use a stirring rod to help the solid dissolve, carefully breaking
up any lumps of solid with the rod. When the solid has dissolved, pour the solution into the flask
using a filter funnel. Add water to the flask until the level rises to the graduation mark.’

(a)     Suggest three further instructions that would improve the overall technique in this
account.

1. _________________________________________________________________

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2. _________________________________________________________________

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3. _________________________________________________________________

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(3)

In a titration experiment, a good technique is essential for an accurate result to be obtained.

(b)     Suggest a reason for removing the funnel after it has been used for filling the burette.

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(1)

(c)     Suggest one other source of error in using the burette to carry out a titration.

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(1)

(d)     During the titration, the inside of the conical flask is rinsed with distilled water.

Suggest why rinsing improves the accuracy of the titre.

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(1)

10
 (e)     Explain why adding this extra water does not change the volume of EDTA solution that is
required in the titration.

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(1)

(f)     In a series of titrations using the solution made up in part (a), a student obtained the
following titres (all in cm3).
 

Rough 1 2

25.7 25.20 25.35

State what this student must do in order to obtain an accurate average titre in this
experiment.

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(2)

(g) The maximum errors for the pipette and the burette are shown below. These errors take into
account multiple measurements.

Pipette ± 0.05 cm3

Burette ± 0.15 cm3

Estimate the maximum percentage error in using each of these pieces of apparatus.

Use an average titre 24.25 cm3 to calculate the percentage error in using the burette.

Show your working.

Pipette _________________________________________________________________

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Burette _________________________________________________________________

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(2) [11]

11
Q7.
Iron(II) ethanedioate is another insoluble solid used as a pigment in paints and glass. It occurs
as a dihydrate (FeC2O4.2H2O). One procedure used for the preparation of iron(II) ethanedioate
is outlined below.

Procedure
A 6.95 g sample of hydrated iron(II) sulfate (FeSO4.7H2O) was added to 100 cm3 of water in a
beaker and stirred until all of the solid dissolved. A 150 cm3 volume of 0.20 mol dm–3 sodium
ethanedioate (Na2C2O4) solution was added to the beaker. The mixture was stirred until
precipitation was complete. After filtration, 3.31 g of the dihydrate (FeC2O4.2H2O) were
collected.

(a)     Write an equation for the reaction between iron(II) sulfate and sodium ethanedioate.

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(1)

(b)     Calculate the amount, in moles, of FeSO4.7H2O in 6.95 g of hydrated iron(II) sulfate. Show
your working.

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(2)

(c)     Calculate the amount, in moles, of sodium ethanedioate in 150 cm3 of 0.20 mol dm–3
sodium ethanedioate solution.

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(1)

(d)     Calculate the percentage yield of iron(II) ethanedioate dihydrate (Mr = 179.8) formed in
this reaction.
Give your answer to the appropriate precision. Show your working.

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(2)

(e)     In this experiment, no side reactions take place, the reagents are pure and the reaction
goes to completion.

Suggest one reason why the yield of iron(II) ethanedioate dihydrate in this experiment is
less than 100%.

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_________________________________________________________________ (1) [7]

12
Q8.
In this question give all your answers to three significant figures.

Magnesium nitrate decomposes on heating to form magnesium oxide, nitrogen dioxide and
oxygen as shown in the following equation.

2Mg(NO3)2(s) → 2MgO(s) + 4NO2(g) + O2(g)

(a)     Thermal decomposition of a sample of magnesium nitrate produced 0.741 g of

magnesium oxide.

(i)      Calculate the amount, in moles, of MgO in 0.741 g of magnesium oxide.

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(2)

(ii)     Calculate the total amount, in moles, of gas produced from this sample of
magnesium nitrate.

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(1)

(b)     In another experiment, a different sample of magnesium nitrate decomposed to produce

0.402 mol of gas. Calculate the volume, in dm3, that this gas would occupy at 333 K and
1.00 × 105 Pa.
(The gas constant R = 8.31 J K–1 mol–1)

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(3)

(c)     A 0.0152 mol sample of magnesium oxide, produced from the decomposition of
magnesium nitrate, was reacted with hydrochloric acid.

MgO + 2HCl → MgCl2 + H2O

(i)      Calculate the amount, in moles, of HCl needed to react completely with the
0.0152 mol sample of magnesium oxide.

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(1)

(ii)     This 0.0152 mol sample of magnesium oxide required 32.4 cm3 of hydrochloric acid
for complete reaction. Use this information and your answer to part (c) (i) to
calculate the concentration, in mol dm–3, of the hydrochloric acid.

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(1)
(Total 8 marks)

13
Q9.
(a)     An unknown metal carbonate reacts with hydrochloric acid according to the following
equation.

M2CO3(aq) + 2HCl(aq) → 2MCl(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)

A 3.44 g sample of M2CO3 was dissolved in distilled water to make 250 cm3 of solution. A
25.0 cm3 portion of this solution required 33.2 cm3 of 0.150 mol dm–3 hydrochloric acid for
complete reaction.

(i)      Calculate the amount, in moles, of HCl in 33.2 cm3 of 0.150 mol dm–3 hydrochloric
acid. Give your answer to 3 significant figures.

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(1)

(ii)     Calculate the amount, in moles, of M2CO3 that reacted with this amount of HCl.
Give your answer to 3 significant figures.

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(1)

(iii)     Calculate the amount, in moles, of M2CO3 in the 3.44 g sample. Give your answer to
3 significant figures.

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(1)

(iv)    Calculate the relative formula mass, Mr, of M2CO3 Give your answer to 1 decimal
place.

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(1)

(v)     Hence determine the relative atomic mass, Ar, of the metal M and deduce its
identity.

Ar of M _______________________________________________________

Identity of M ___________________________________________________
(2)

(b)     In another experiment, 0.658 mol of CO2 was produced. This gas occupied a volume of
0.0220 m3 at a pressure of 100 kPa.
Calculate the temperature of this CO2 and state the units.
(The gas constant R = 8.31 J K–1 mol–1)

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14
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(3)

(c)     Suggest one possible danger when a metal carbonate is reacted with an acid in a sealed
flask.

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(1)

(d)     In a different experiment, 6.27 g of magnesium carbonate were added to an excess of

sulfuric acid. The following reaction occurred.

MgCO3 + H2SO4 →  MgSO4 + CO2 + H2O

(i)      Calculate the amount, in moles, of MgCO3 in 6.27 g of magnesium carbonate.

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(2)

(ii)     Calculate the mass of MgSO4 produced in this reaction assuming a 95% yield.

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(3)
(Total 15 marks)

15