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Lesson 1 - What Is Philosophy

This document provides an introduction to the philosophy of the human person. It discusses that philosophy comes from the Greek words for "love of wisdom" and is defined as using reason to study first principles. It notes four key things philosophy considers: it is a science, uses natural reason, studies all things, and examines first causes and highest principles like identity, non-contradiction and sufficient reason. The document also positions philosophy as the origin of other disciplines and traces the development of early Western philosophy from Thales of Miletus. It briefly outlines key areas of philosophy like metaphysics, ethics, epistemology, logic and aesthetics.

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Kotch Lupasi
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75 views40 pages

Lesson 1 - What Is Philosophy

This document provides an introduction to the philosophy of the human person. It discusses that philosophy comes from the Greek words for "love of wisdom" and is defined as using reason to study first principles. It notes four key things philosophy considers: it is a science, uses natural reason, studies all things, and examines first causes and highest principles like identity, non-contradiction and sufficient reason. The document also positions philosophy as the origin of other disciplines and traces the development of early Western philosophy from Thales of Miletus. It briefly outlines key areas of philosophy like metaphysics, ethics, epistemology, logic and aesthetics.

Uploaded by

Kotch Lupasi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF

THE HUMAN PERSON


INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF
THE HUMAN PERSON
INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF
THE HUMAN PERSON
INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF
THE HUMAN PERSON

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INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF
THE HUMAN PERSON

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INTRODUCTION TO
THE PHILOSOPHY
OF THE HUMAN
PERSON
• One of the key elements in many educational reforms is
DIVERSITY, DIFFERENCE and CHOICE or other proposals
that establish separate curricular routes for different
groups or individuals.
• DIVERSITY , is the difference that makes each person
unique, (e.g. BIOLOGY , ETHNICITY, and CULTURE, FAMILY
LIFE , BELIEFS , GEOGRAPHY , EXPERIENCES and
RELIGION ).
• Philosophy comes from the ancient Greek word
"philosophia" and was probably coined by Pythagoras and
literally means "love of wisdom" or "friend of wisdom"

• Greek Origin: "Philos" means Love; "Sophia" means


"wisdom"
• Wisdom is the goal of Philosophy.
• PHILOSOPHY IS also defined as the science that by
natural light of reason studies the first causes or highest
principles of all things.
FOUR THINGS TO BE CONSIDERED
• SCIENCE - It is called science because the investigation is systematic,
follows certain steps or it employs certain procedures, organized
body of knowledge just like any other sciences .
• NATURAL LIGHT OF REASON - Philosophy investigates things , not by
using any laboratory instrument or investigative tools, neither on the
basis of supernatural revelation, otherwise it becomes theology;
instead the Philosopher uses his natural capacity to think or simply,
human reason alone or the so-called unaided reason
FOUR THINGS TO BE CONSIDERED

3. STUDY OF ALL THINGS - This sets the distinction between Philosophy


from other sciences. All other sciences concern themselves with a
particular object of investigation.
4. FIRST CAUSE OR HIGHEST PRINCIPLE
FOUR THINGS TO BE CONSIDERED

4. FIRST CAUSE OR HIGHEST PRINCIPLE

A. Principle of Identity
It states that each thing is identical with itself. By this it is meant that
each thing (be it a universal or a particular) is composed of its own
unique set of characteristic qualities or features, which the ancient
Greeks called its essence. WHAT IS IS ; WHATEVER IS NOT IS NOT.
EVERYTHING IS ITS OWN BEING.
B. Principle of Non-Contradiction
FOUR THINGS TO BE CONSIDERED

4. FIRST CAUSE OR HIGHEST PRINCIPLE

B. Principle of Non-Contradiction- It states that contradictory statements


cannot both be true in the same sense at the same time, e.g. the two
propositions "A is B" and "A is not B" are mutually exclusive.
C. Principle of Excluded Middle - It is impossible for a thing to be and not
to be at the same time and at the same respect.
FOUR THINGS TO BE CONSIDERED

4. FIRST CAUSE OR HIGHEST PRINCIPLE

D. Principle of Sufficient Reason - nothing exist without a sufficient


reason for its being and existence. states that everything must have a
reason or a cause.
PHILOSOPHY AS THE MOTHER DISCIPLINE
• Philosophy is the mother discipline out of which the other sciences
emerge.

• According to Warner, philosophy emerge as something revolutionary


since their mythological explanation about the nature of the universe
would be set aside in favor of more coherent and rational one.
• He is a man from a fishing Village in Miletus
started to diverge from the the mythological
tradition and sought to answer questions like,
"What is the underlying substance that the
reality made of?", "How do things come to be,
change and pass away?", "
Thales
Father of Western Philosophy
• For Thales, the underlying Substance that the
reality is made of must be water, because
water is everywhere.

Thales
Father of Western Philosophy
METAPHYSICS
Metaphysics is really only an extension of
fundamental and necessary drive in every human
being to know what is real
Ethics
It is a branch of philosophy that explores the nature
of moral virtue and evaluates human actions.

It is generally a study of the nature of moral


judgements.
Epistemology
It deals with nature, sources, limitations, and validity
of knowledge
Logic
Reasoning is the concern of the logician. This could
be reasoning in science and medicine, in ethics, and
law, in politics and commerce, in sports and games
and in the mundane affairs of everyday living.
Logic
The term logic comes from the Greek word "logike"
and was coined by Zeno, the Stoic.

Etymologically, it means a treatise on matters


pertaining to the human thought.
Aesthetics
It is the science of the beautiful in its various
manifestations including the sublime, comic, tragic,
pathetic, and ugly.
Aesthetics
IMPORTANCE:
• It vitalizes our knowledge.
• It helps us to live more deeply and richly.
• It brings us in touch with our culture.
Many Philosophers hold that there are three great
original centers of philosophy in the world..

Greek (Western) Indian Chinese


Greek (Western) Indian Chinese

• Historically speaking, Asian classics of the Indians


and the Chinese predated the oldest western
classics.
• Indian and Chinese philosophers lived earlier that
their Greek counterparts.
SOCRATES PLATO ARISTOTLE

Greek Triumvirate
• During their time, the western
thinkers started to indulge in
feverish philosophical
speculation, whereas the Asian
thinkers began diminishing
SOCRATES PLATO ARISTOTLE philosophical activities.
Greek Triumvirate • In our present century, almost
all major philosophical ideas
emanate from Western thinkers.
THOUGHTS FOR DISCUSSION
Western and Non-western Tradition

The challenges of the global information age cannot be understood


by oversimplification. One size does not fit at all. There are
multiple of cultures and there are different types of stated in terms
of modern economic modernization. Certainly, the culture of the
“east” is very different from that of the “west” but that doesn’t
mean each culture is incapable of understanding certain features of
the other.
THOUGHTS FOR DISCUSSION
Western and Non-western Tradition

As the world become “smaller”, it is increasingly important to


develop an understanding of culture centers around the globe that
are very different from our own. Each society or culture has it’s
own ideas of itself, a definition of what is important in life, and its
own notions of what the world is like in general terms; thus, each
society or culture can be said to have its own “philosophy”
A. Filipino Thinking: From Local to Global
• Loob: Holistic and Interior Dimension
• Filipino Philosophy of time
• Bahala na
• Filipino Thought and Values: Positive and Negative aspects

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