REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES

NORTHERN NEGROS STATE COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

OLD SAGAY, SAGAY CITY, NEGROS OCCIDENTAL
(034)722-4169/www.nonescost.edu.ph

COLLEGE OF ARTS
AND SCIENCES
COURSE MODULE IN

ART
APPRECIATION
First Semester, A.Y. 2022 – 2023

COURSE FACILITATOR: Nory S. Apuhin, Ph.D.

FB/MESSENGER: Nory Apuhin
Email: noryapuhin1130@gmail.com
Phone No: 09121035381

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MODULE
 VISION

SUN-NEGROS: A glocally recognized university offering distinctively – niched

academic programs engaged in dynamic quality instruction, research and extension by 2025.

MISSION

To produce glocally viable graduates through innovative learning and research

environment and to contribute to nation – building by providing education, training, research

and resource creation opportunities in various technical and disciplinal areas.

GOAL

UPGRADEd instruction, research, extension and governance for glocal recognition.

INSTITUTIONAL OUTCOMES

The institution shall produce a graduate who can:

1. Sustain willingness to serve the country and the world;
2. Produce scientific and technological innovations;
3. Can engage in varied entrepreneurial activities;
4. Practice as a game-changer professional;
5. Demonstrate resiliency in any life challenges

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CHED BS Biology Program Outcomes:
The program shall produce a graduate who can:
a. articulate the latest developments in their specific field of practice;
b. effectively communicate orally and in writing using both English and Filipino languages;
c. work effectively and independently in multi –disciplinary and multi-cultural teams;
d. demonstrate professional, social, and ethical responsibility, especially in practicing
intellectual property rights and sustainable development;
e. preserve and promote “Filipino historical and cultural heritage;
f. demonstrate broad and coherent knowledge and understanding in the core areas of
physical and natural sciences;
g. apply critical and problem-solving skills using the scientific method;
h. interpret relevant scientific data and make judgments that include reflection on relevant
scientific and ethical issues;
i. carry out basic mathematical and statistical computations and use appropriate technologies
in (a) the analysis of data; and (b) in pattern recognition, generalization, abstraction, critical
analysis and problem solving;
j. communicate information, ideas problems and solutions, both orally and in writing, to other
scientists’ decision makers and the public;
k. relate science and mathematics to the other disciplines;
l. design and perform safe and responsible techniques and procedures in laboratory or field
practices;
m. critically evaluate input from others;
n. appreciate the limitations and implications of science in everyday life;
o. commit to the integrity of data;
p. develop an in-depth understanding of the basic principles governing the science of life;
q. develop and utilize techniques/procedures relevant to biological research work in laboratory
or field settings;
r. carry out basic mathematical statistical computations and use of appropriate technologies in
the analysis of biological data; and
s. extend knowledge and critically assess current views and theories in various areas of the
biological sciences.

NONESCOST BS Biology Program Outcomes:

The program shall produce a graduate who can:
1. demonstrate mastery of biological concepts, proficiency in using appropriate technologies in
laboratory and fieldwork research setting that can contribute to the advancement of
biological research and novel scientific innovations; and
2. exhibit appropriate ethical behavior and active involvement as a science resource in
response to the needs of the community.

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Warm greetings!

Welcome to the 1st semester of School Year 2022-2023! Welcome to the Arts and Sciences and
welcome to NONESCOST!

Despite of all the happenings around us, there is still so much to be thankful for and one of these is
the opportunity to continue learning.

You are right now browsing your course module in GE106, Art Appreciation. As you read on, you
will have an overview of the course, the content, requirements and other related information
regarding the course. The module is made up of 3 lesson. Each lesson has seven parts:

INTRODUCTION- Overview of the lesson

LEARNING OUTCOMES- Lesson objectives for you to ponder on

MOTIVATION- Fuels you to go on

PRESENTATION- A smooth transition to the lesson

TEACHING POINTS- Collection of ideas that you must discover

LEARNING ACTIVITIES – To measure your learnings in the lesson where you wandered

ASSESSMENT – To test your understanding in the lesson you discovered

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Please read your modules and learn the concepts by heart. It would help you prepare to be effective
and efficient professional in your respective fields. You can explore more of the concepts by reading
the references and the supplementary readings.

I encourage you to get in touch with me in case you may encounter problems while studying your
modules. Keep a constant and open communication. Use your real names in your FB accounts or
messenger so I can recognize you based on the list of officially enrolled students in the course. I
would be very glad to assist you in your journey. Furthermore, I would also suggest that you build a
workgroup among your classmates. Participate actively in our discussion board or online discussion
if possible and submit your outputs/requirements on time. You may submit them online through
email and messenger. You can also submit hard copies. Place them in short size bond paper inside
a short plastic envelop with your names and submit them in designated pick-up areas.

I hope that you will find this course interesting and fun. I hope to know more of your experiences,
insights, challenges and difficulties in learning as we go along this course. I am very positive that
we will successfully meet the objectives of the course.

May you continue to find inspiration to become a great professional. Keep safe and God bless!

Course Outline in GE 106 – ART APPRECIATION

Course
GE 106
Number
Course Title Art Appreciation
Art Appreciation is a course that develops student’s ability to appreciate,
analyze, and critique works of art. Through interdisciplinary and
multimodal approaches, this course equips students with a broad
knowledge of the practical, historical, philosophical, and social relevance
Course of the arts in order to hone students’ ability to articulate their understanding
Description of the arts. It enhances students’ competency in researching and curating
art as well as conceptualizing, mounting, and evaluating art production. It
also aims to develop students’ genuine appreciation for Philippine arts by
providing them opportunities to explore the diversity and richness and their
rootedness in Filipino culture.
No. of Units 3 units
Pre-requisites None
1. Demonstrate an understanding and appreciation of arts in
Course general, including their function, value, and historical significance;
Intended 2. Define and demonstrate the elements and principles of design;
Learning 3. Explain and evaluate different theories of art;
Outcomes 4. Situate Philippine arts in a global context.

MODULE 1
I. Introduction to Art and Humanities:
Importance of Art
Assumptions of Art
Function of Arts
Content
Subject and Content
Coverage Artist and Artisan
Elements and Principle of Arts

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 MODULE 2
II. Art History
Historical Views of Art
Historical Development of Philippine Arts

III. Depiction of Male and Female in Visual Arts

The Visual Arts
Painting
Sculpture
Architecture

MODULE 3
IV. Depiction of Male and Female in Visual Arts
The Visual Arts
Painting
Sculpture
Architecture

V. Soul making (Soul sound and structure)

1. Performing Arts
2. Multimedia Arts
3. Combined Arts

SUPPLEMENTARY READINGS:
1. Art Evolution
2. Origins of Art
http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2015/01/first-artists/walter-text

REFERENCES:
TEXTBOOK:

OTHER REFERENCES:
R1 – Copy of VMGO
R2- Ariola, Mariano M. ( 2008), Introduction to Art Appreciation
: A Textbook in Humanities, C& E Publishing , Inc.
R3- Cabasan, William J. Jr. (2015), 2nd Edition Humanities:
Philosophy and History of Art, Jimczyville Publications.
References R4- Ramirez, Veronica, Ph.D; Leynes, Maireene A; Fajardo ,
Brenda V. Ph. D. ( 2008), Minding the Arts: Art Appreciation for
College, Mutya Publishing House, Inc.
R5- Casilb Nicolas, Jr. et. al. ( 2018) Art Appreciation , Rex
Book Store.
R6- Perez, Teody Boylie , Ph.D. Cayas, Rogelio D. Jr. , Narciso ,
Norman F,(2013) Alampat: An Introduction to Art Appreciation,
Blue Patriach Publishing House

ONLINE REFERENCES:
OR1-
https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/spirkin/works/dialect
ical.../ch01-s05.htm

OR2- https://www.britannica.com/topic/philosophy-of-art
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 1. Active class participation (online discussion board, FB Closed
group account)
Course
2. Reflective Writing
Requirements
3. Home-based Individual Art Activities
4. Final output
Prepared by: Mark A. Labrador, LPT, MEd
Adapted by: Nory S. Apuhin
Reviewed and Approved by:

Subject Area Coordinator: RYAN J. MORENO, Med

Dean, CAS: REOPER CEGAYLE Ph. D

OIC, GAD: JACKIELEE A. ANACLETO, LPT, MED

CIMD, Chairperson: MA. JANET S. GEROSO, LPT, Ph. D.

QA Director: DONNA FE V. TOLEDO, LPT, Ed. D.

OICVP- Academic Affairs: LEA MAE K. CALIMPONG, LPT, MAEd

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 Declaration of Copyright Protection

This course module is an official document of Northern Negros State College

of Science and Technology under its Learning Continuity Plan on Flexible Teaching-

Learning modalities.

Quotations from, contractions, reproductions, and uploading of all or any part

of this module is not authorized without the permission from the faculty-author and

from the NONESCOST.

This module shall be used for instructional purposes only.

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 MODULE 1

LESSON

1 Introduction to Art and

Humanities
6
HOURS

When we look around, we see a lot of things that relate to art. Art can come in the form of many
items such as posters, paintings, portraits, covers, and more. People look at art in different ideas
that they want to know more about or may be studying. Art can shows ideas about the past, what is
currently happening and what may happen in the future. It can also show meaning, love, boredom,
and creativity. Art can be meaningful because of the colors, shapes, and depictions it can create.

Art Appreciation is a way to motivate ideas and allows individuals to illustrate their feelings when
they viewed an artwork. It helps develops critical and innovative skills in thinking and teaches
essential qualities in listening, observing, and responding to multiple viewpoints It also requires an
ability to differentiate what is apparent and what is not.
what is apparent and what is not.

 Characterize artistic expression based on personal experiences with art;

 Differentiate art from nature; and
 Clarify misconceptions about art from nature.

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Let’s Get Started!
In the first column of the table below, list down your most striking encounters with arts. On the
second column, explain why you think each encounter is an experience with art?

MY ENCOUNTER WITH ARTS WHY?

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 What is an art to you? Is it important?

Definition of Art

In our life, we experience so much fragmentation of our thoughts and feelings. But, by creating
arts, it brings things back together. We merely make art because of so many reasons, and we enjoy
the process of it.
The word “art” is from a Latin ars which means craftsmanship, inventiveness, mastery of form,
skill. It includes literature, music, paintings, photography, sculpture, etc. It serves as an original
record of human needs and achievements. It usually refers to the so-called “fine arts” (e.g., graphics,
plastic, and building) and to the so-called “minor arts” (everyday, useful, applied, and decorative
arts). It is the process of using our senses and emotions in making creative activities). It is a human
capability to make things beautiful (e.g., buildings, illustration, designing, painting, sculpture, and
Photography) through the production of his/her imagination depending on the preparation, theme,
medium, and values used.
Significantly, the word artist comes from the French word artiste and the Spanish artista, which
means “performer.” It is someone who creates art that is merely trades and professions by which
different people make their livings (Goines, 2004).
Artist is most often refers to those who create within a context of the fine arts such as acting,
dancing, drawing, filmmaking, painting, sculpture, writing, photography, and music. They are those
who use imagination, and a skill to construct works that may be judged to have aesthetic importance.
Creativity is a characteristic of an artist that progressed in the extent of his/her life to express
feelings.
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Other Definitions

Art is something that is perennially around us.

 Some people may deny having to do with arts but it is indisputable that life presents us with
many forms of and opportunities for communion with arts.

A politician shuffling her music track while comfortably seated on her car looking for her favorite
song.
 Ones whose exposure to music is only limited to one genre finds it lacking not to have been
exposed to more.

A student marvelling at the intricate designs of a medieval cathedral during his field trip.

 Ones whose idea of a cathedral is limited to the locally available ones, finds enormous joy in
seeing other prototypes in Europe.

Why Study Humanities?

Etymologically, the term “Humanities” is from a Latin word humanus which means educated.
It refers to the learning of arts such as architecture, dance, literature, music, painting, theatre, and
sculpture.They are branches of knowledge that focuses on the human opinions, and relationships
As a branch of learning, the artwork is considered as the material object while its creativity and
appreciation is the formal object.

Likewise, Humanities is more concerned on how a person expresses his/her feelings. These
feelings can be in facial manifestations or body movements. Laughing, crying, clenching our fists,
curling our toes, stretching out our fingers, and crossing our arms are representations of humanities.

As a branch of knowledge, Humanities explores on human conditions through the use of

analytical, critical, or theoretical methods. These methods are in the form of ideas and words that
help makes our life more meaningful. Moreover, Humanities can also be as the study on how an
individual documented and processed his/her experiences particularly in connecting to others
.Imparting humanities as an academic science is designed to let our learners (particularly the new
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generations) become creative and artistic individuals. Humanities help the students to connect with
the community through art exposure like museum outings, concerts, theatre performance, etc.

Framework and Perspectives

Lesson 2: Assumption of Art

 ART IS UNIVERSAL

In every country and in every generation, there is always art. Often times, people feel that what is
considered artistic are only those which have been made long time ago. This is a misconception.
Age is not a factor in determining art. “An art is not good because it is old, but old because it is good”
(Dudley et al., 1960)
 In the Philippines, the works of Jose Rizal and Francisco Balagtas are not being read
because they are old.
 Florante at Laura never fails to teach high school students the beauty of love, one that
is universal and pure.
 Ibong Adarna, another Filipino masterpiece, has always captured the imagination of the
young with its timeless lessons.
 When we recite the Psalms, we feel in communion with King David as we feel one with
him in his conversation with God.

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  When we listen to a Kundiman or perform folk dances, we still enjoy the way our Filipino
ancestors while away their time in the past.

A GREAT MASTERPIECE WILL NEVER BE OBSOLETE.

 ART IS NOT NATURE

In the Philippines, it is not entirely novel to hear some consumers of local movies remark that these
movies produced locally are unrealistic. They contend that local movies work around certain formula
to the detriment of substance and faithfulness to reality of movies.
 Art is man’s expression of his reception of nature.
 Art can be considered opposites. What we find in nature should not be expected to be
in art too.

 ART INVOLVES EXPERIENCE

Getting this far without a satisfactory definition of art can be quite weird for some. For most people,
art does not require a full definition. Art is just experience. By experience, we mean the “actual doing
of something” (Dudley et al., 1960) and it also affirmed that art depends on experience, and if one
is to know art, he must know it not as fact or information but as an experience.
 A work of an art then cannot be abstracted from actual doing. In order to know what an
artwork, we have to sense it, see and hear it.
 A painter cannot claim to know how to paint if he has not tried holding a brush.
 A sculptor cannot produce a work of art if a chisel is foreign to him.
 Art depends on experience and one is to know art, he must know it not as a fact or
information but as experience.

An important aspect of experiencing art is its being highly personal, individual, and subjective. In
philosophical terms, perception of art is always a value judgment. It depends on who perceive is,
his tastes, his biases, and what he has inside.
Art is present in every part of the globe and in every period of time. Art not being nature, not even
attempting to simply mirror nature, is the second assumption about art. Art is always a creation of
the artist, not nature. Finally, without experience, there is no art.

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Lesson 3: Function of Art

From the very beginning, arts have been part of human history. It described, defined, and
deepened the human experience. In the Prehistoric period for example, people performed songs
and dances to gratify their ancestors. Likewise, hunters brushed different figures on the walls of
caves to depict their day to day experiences. Arts also serve several functions which are item
outcome to its purpose (Menoy, 2009), namely:
1. Individual Function- The artists perform arts because of the passion of their respective art
forms. A singer presents a concert for free because of his advocacy and the love of singing.
For example, Regine Velaquez (Asia’s Songbird) is well-known for possessing extensive
vocal range.

2. Social Function- Man associates with others through his art performance that arouses social
consciousness. Examples of this association are the choral singing, group dancing, public art
exhibits and other practices.

3. Economic Functions- Arts are emerging as a potent force in the economic life of people
assumes an essential role as a direct and indirect contributor to state economies. Example
of this is by generating economic vitality in under-performing regions through crafts, tourism,
and cultural attractions.

4. Political Functions- Art provides a forum for ideas that will lead to employment, prestige,
status, and power. During election period, for example, the candidates created their artworks
(poster) which expresses their propaganda, agendas and political views about making a
stable society.

5. Historical Functions- Art is an essential technique for information to be recorded and

preserved. It serves to document or reconstruct historical figure and events. Most arts that
are in Museums, for example, are filled with amazing stories about the world most excellent
and most creative people who brought us the treasures. By looking at a work of art’s colors,
materials, and symbolism, we can learn about the story and culture that produced it in the
past.

6. Cultural Functions- Art is an articulation and transmission of new information and values.
Example, when you think of Manila, you probably think of Fort Santiago, Luneta Park, and its
world-renowned churches, or the famous Intramuros.
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 7. Physical Functions- Buildings are artistically designed and constructed to protect their
occupants and make their life inside more meaningful. Architects, Industrial and Graphic
Designers, and Interior Decorators share responsibility in building environment that balance
forms and functions.

8. Aesthetic Functions- Any artwork means beauty. It is visual spice for gracefully adorned
interiors and can bring out the most elegant features of different décor elements. It
reasonably reproduced visual images which communicate through fantastic persuasions and
meaningful words.

Make a Reflection paper by choosing a topic below.

 How is Art and Nature related?

 Why is nature not art?
 “An art is not good because it is old, but old because it is good” (Dudley et al., 1960)
 Art as “the language of emotions”

Catchy and Creative Art-Slogans

Art-Slogans are powerful marketing tools that can motivate your clients to support your brand.
It is an advertising tag-line or phrase that advertisers create to express the importance and benefits
of their product visually.

Create a creative slogan for an advertisement. Below are examples of a catchy product/company
slogan:
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Choose any of the following slogans listed below and make an art-logo out of it.
1. Adidas- “Impossible is Nothing”
2. Ford- “Go Further”
3. Apple- “Think Different”
4. Meralco- “May liwanag ang buhay”
5. Mega Sardines- “Tatak barko. Tatak sariwa!”
6. Canon EOS- “What we mean is what you see”
7. Nikon- “At the heart of the image”
8. Energizer- “Keep going and going and going”
9. McDonalds- “Im Lovin It”
10. Globe- “Abot mo ang mundo”
11. BDO- “we find ways”
12. m&m- “Melts in your mouth not in your hands”
13. Coca-Cola- “Open Happiness”
14. LBC- “Hari ng padala”
15. Family Rubbing Alcohol- “Hindi lang pampamilya, pang-isports pa”
16. Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC) – “it’s finger licking good”
17. Huawei- “Make it possible”
18. NOKIA- “Connecting people”
19. Nike- “just do it”
20. Smart Communications- “Simply Amazing”

RUBRICS FOR ART-SLOGAN:

5 4 3 2
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 The slogan is The slogan is The slogan is The slogan is
exceptionally attractive in acceptably distractingly
CRAFTSMANSHIP attractive in terms of attractive though messy.
terms of neatness. Good it may be a bit
neatness. Well- construction and messy.
constructed and not very messy.
not messy.
Slogan is Slogan is Slogan is The slogan does
exceptionally creative and a creative and not reflect any
CREATIVITY creative. A lot of good amount of some thought degree of
thought and thought was put was put into. creativity.
effort was used into decorating it.
to make the
banner.
Exceptional use Good use of new Average use of No use of new
ORIGINALITY of new ideas and ideas and new ideas and ideas and
originality to originality to originality to originality to
create slogan create slogan. create slogan. create slogan.

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 4 / VERY 2 / NEEDS 1/
5 / EXCELLENT 3 / AVERAGE
GOOD IMPROVEMENT UNACCEPTABLE

This paper is This paper is The writer is Topic is not well- As yet, the paper
clear and mostly beginning to defined and/or has no clear sense
focused. It holds focused, and define the topic, there are too of purpose or
the reader's has some even though many topics. central theme. To
attention. good details development is extract meaning
Ideas
Relevant details and quotes. still basic or from the text, the
and quotes enrich general. reader must make
the central theme. inferences based
on sketchy or
missing details.

The organization Paper (and The Sentences within The writing lacks a
enhances and paragraphs) organizational paragraphs clear sense of
showcases the are mostly structure is make sense, but direction. Ideas,
central idea or organized, in strong enough to the order of details, or events
Organiza theme. The order, order, and move the reader paragraphs does seem strung
tion structure of makes sense through the text not. together in a loose
information is to the reader. without too much or random fashion;
compelling and confusion. there is no
moves the reader identifiable internal
through the text. structure.

The writing has The writing The text hums The text seems The reader has to
an easy flow, mostly flows, along with a choppy and is practice quite a bit
rhythm, and and usually steady beat, but not easy to read in order to give this
cadence. invites oral tends to be more orally. paper a fair
Sentenc
Sentences are reading. businesslike interpretive
e
well built, with than musical, reading.
Fluency
strong and varied more mechanical
structure that than fluid.
invites expressive
oral reading.

The writer The write The writer shows The writer Errors in spelling,
demonstrates a understands reasonable seems to have punctuation,
good grasp of good writing control over a made little effort capitalization,
standard writing conventions limited range of to use usage, and
conventions (e.g., and usually standard writing conventions: grammar and/or
spelling, uses them conventions. spelling, paragraphing
punctuation, correctly. Conventions are punctuation, repeatedly distract
Conventi capitalization, Paper is easily sometimes capitalization, the reader and
ons grammar, usage, read and handled well and usage, grammar make the text
paragraphing) errors are enhance and/or difficult to read.
and uses rare; minor readability; at paragraphing
conventions touch-ups other times, have multiple
effectively to would get this errors are errors.
enhance piece ready to distracting and
readability. publish. impair
readability.

The form and The format The writer's The writer's The reader
presentation of only has a few message is message is only receives a garbled
the text enhances mistakes and understandable understandable message due to
the ability for the is generally in this format. occasionally, problems relating
Presenta reader to easy to read and paper is to the presentation
tion understand and and pleasing messily written. of the text, and is
connect with the to the eye. not typed.
message. It is
pleasing to the
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 LESSON
SUBJECT AND CONTENT,
2 ARTIST AND ARTISAN
6
HOURS

The world is so interesting, it offers so many views, stories and images. There are unlimited themes
that surround us. Anything under the heat of the sun- from the largest mountain to the smallest
details of anything on earth, and even the things that the human eyes could not see can be magnified
and used as a subject in art.
Subject in Art is dynamic with culture and imagination. It never runs out and is never fully exhausted:
from the simple concept to the complex artistic creation. Clarity of one’s choice of a subject is
imperative because the content of the artwork itself is the soul of each artistic conception. Every
subject reveals the conviction of the artist; thus, it also serves as the extension of what he/she
believes in.

 identify different kind of subject in the art forms;

 Distinguish artist from artisan; and
 Explain the misconceptions about artist and artisan.
 Appreciate the works of an artisan in the locality.

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Observe the pictures below. What are the possible themes/topics that the art work illustrates?
Discuss your answer briefly on the given space underneath.

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 What is a Subject?

What is a Subject?
A painter, a poet, a writer, a choreographer, a photographer, a film-maker, a cartoonist, a
designer and some other art practitioners will never run out of subject. There are unlimited
subjects that surround us. Every minute, every second, we see potential concrete and abstract
material that can be utilized as a subject.
Art generally refers to the thing; object, person, landscape, event, etc. depicted by the artist
in his/her artwork. The Subject serves as the window of the artwork. Audience will be informed
of what the artwork is all about.
On the picture below, what do you think is its Subject? Its subject varies from one’s
perspective to another.

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 Not only concrete objects in the real world but also anything in the realms of imagination can
be used as a subject in art.

Representational Art

 An artwork that has a subject  Also known as objective art (easily

objectify the subject)
 Paintings  Sculptures
 Photography  Graphic arts

 Theatre

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 Sometimes paintings and sculptures do not have subjects, more so with dance, theater
and literature, which do not depict clear subjects/ representations but have themes, would
help the audience clarify their meanings and intentions.

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 Non- Objective Art
× defines a type of abstract art that is usually, but not always, geometric and aims to convey a
sense of simplicity and purity.
× Artwork that have no resemblance to any real subject

What is Content?
A Content is not subject or things in the painting. Content is the communication of ideas,
feelings and reactions connected with the subject. When we look at a painting its content is
what is sensed rather than what can be analyzed. It is the ultimate reason for creating art. It is
the theme which bears the essence or substance of a thing or an object.

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Kinds and Sources of Subject
The kinds and sources of subject enumerated below are explored and prevalent in any form of art
expression, either in any form of art expression, either in visual, auditory, or combined arts.

1. Nature
 Deals with the physical environment- the natural world. Landscapes are parts of nature.
 Mountains
 Hills
 Valleys

What is the difference between Natural and Artificial?

NATURAL ARTIFICIAL
Never modified and distorted Human Intervention/ Alteration

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2. Animals
 Commonly used in any art forms.

3. Portrait or Human Figures

 Whole human figure or just a part of it can represent the self.
 The angle, the distance, and subject or model’s composure is considered.
 The measure of all things

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4. History and Legends

 Subject that is inspired by history or legends

 Historical events are real stories. Legends are imaginary accounts.

Muslim Wedding 1958, Carlos Botong Fransisco

5. Still Life

 Refers to in- animating objects either in a form of a drawing, painting or photograph.

 Allows us to look into the beauty of a certain object and able to play in its
representation.

 3D Approach

 One way of studying color, compositions, tones and shadows

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6. Religion and Mythology

 Practiced by religious and tribal groups

 Usually done by an insider artist or a devoted member of a religious group. If not they
are artisans who followed a traditional practice

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 7. Dreams and Fantasies

 Inspired by unconscious mind.

 Artworks inspired by dreams and fantasies are called SURREALISM.
 Subject-realistic, however, the imagery is distorted, and the setting becomes a dream
world.

By looking at the photographs below, whom among these faces do you recognize? Would you
consider that person to be an Artist or an Artisan? Write your answer on the given space.

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ARTIST
■ Defined as an art practitioner who produces or creates indirectly functional arts with aesthetic
values using imagination.
■ They provide us paintings, sculptures, dances, music, literary pieces, etc. as the means of
provoking our thoughts, ideas, and emotions that are necessary to discover ourselves and
our being.
■ A formal art study would be an advantage, but it is not a requirement to practice art.
■ Acquiring or learning skills in art is not just taught and learned in a formal art school but also
acquired informally…
■ More artists feel free in making their art.
■ “An artist will do whatever it takes to make the work right.”

ARTISAN
■ People have different perceptions on the importance of artists and artisans in our society.
They are the same in the sense that they both develop works of art; hence, they are also
different since they address different needs of human beings.
■ Artisans works are also noticed and valued- only in different ways and levels.
■ The relevance and usefulness of the artisans works make them essential in our daily living.
■ Artisans are there to facilitate easy living.
■ A craftsman such as carpenter, carver, plumber, blacksmith, weaver, embroider, etc. who
produces directly functional and/or decorative arts.
■ They help us in meeting our basic needs such as food, clothing, dwelling, furniture, kitchen,
utensils, and everything that makes our life easy are crafted by artisans.

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 ■ LANG DULAY (+2015) ■ EDUARDO MUTUC
Textile Weaver Metalsmith
T’boli Kapampangan
Lake Sebu, South Cotabato Apalit Pampanga
1998 2004

■ TEOFILO GARCIA ■ MAGDALENA GAMAYO

Casque Maker Textile Weaver
Ilocano Ilocano
San Quintin, Abra Pinili, Ilocos Norte
2012 2012

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Create a slogan that helps promote the cultural value of artisans in our country. Use a short sized
bond paper for this activity.

a. Giving Meaning
Critics are known to be experts in criticizing and interpreting Artworks. They are people
who professionally express a reasoned opinion on any matter especially involving a judgment of
an artworks’ value, truth, righteousness, beauty or technique.
Examine carefully the Artwork below. Write down ideas or interpretations that you can make.
Then use these ideas or interpretations in writing a poem, song, or story.

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 b. Who’s Who?
Check the appropriate column to tell whether the work/ form of art are that of an artist or
artisan.

Work or Form Artist Artisan

1. Poem
2. Furniture
3. Pottery
4. Dance
5. Painting
6. Clothes
7. Shoes
8. Sculpture
9. Farming Tools
10. Paper Mache

c. Look for an artisan that can be found in your locality. Take a picture on what particular product
the artisan is selling/creating. Write a ten-sentence essay about the product the artisan is selling or
creating on how this product help him as an individual. (Submit photos together with the artisan)

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Rubric for individual Art output

Pts. Creativity/Origina Effort/Persevera Craftsmanship/ Cooperation/Attitu

lity nce Skill de
5 The student The project was The artwork was The student willingly
explored continued until it beautiful and participated in
several choices was complete patiently necessary
before as the student done; it was preparation or
Selecting one, could make it; as good as work for
generated gave it effort far hard work classroom, was
many ideas, beyond that could make sensitive to the
tried unusual required. it. feelings and
combinations knowledge of
or changes, others, exhibited
used problem- a
solving skills. positive attitude
toward assignment.
4 The student The student worked With a little more The student
tried a few hard and effort, the participated
ideas before completed the work could enthusiastically,
selecting one or project, but with have been performed more
based his/her a bit more effort outstanding; than adequately,
work on it might have lacks the assisted in
someone else’s been finishing preparation and
idea, made outstanding. touches. cleanup.
decision after
referring to one
source.
2 The student The student finished The student The student was
tried an idea the project, but it showed apathetic toward
but it lacked could have been average the assignment,
originality, improved with craftsmanshi complained,
might have more effort, p; adequate, assisted in
copied work, chose an easy but not as preparation and
substituted project and did it good as it cleanup when
“symbols” for indifferently. could have asked.
personal been, a bit
expression. careless.
2 The student The project was The student The student allowed
fulfilled the completed with showed others to do
requirements of minimum effort average most of his/her
the assignment, craftsmanshi work,
but gave no p, lack of participated
evidence of pride in minimally,
trying anything finished work exhibited no
unusual interest in
the project

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1 The student The student did The student The student did
showed no not finish the showed poor almost nothing
evidence of work craftsmanship; toward
original thought adequately evidence of completing the
laziness or assignment, did
lack of minimum or no
understanding amount of
preparation or
cleanup,
distracted
others.

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 LESSON

ELEMENTS AND PRINCIPLES

3
6 HOURS
OF ART

Looking at pictures or images, one pays attention to visual order. The eye and the mind
explore and in addition, understand the organization of visual variations by way of incorporating
visual pieces into a unified whole. Instinctively, the mind tries to create order amidst chaos. Here,
the manner (visual order) associates the sense of “stability or balance” to one’s visual experience
or else it would be perplexing and distorted.
The artist employs various visual qualities in creating a work of art and the elements of art
are the tools used to design. By learning and using the elements and principles of Art, you will
increase your understanding of how and why some things work together and some simply don’t look
right.

 Learn how art communicates colors, symbolic quality of shape, line movement, quality of
texture, the drama of lighting and many others.
 Create an artwork that shows understanding of the concept of principles of design.

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Examine the pictures below. Identify and describe the principles and elements present on each art
work. Write your answer on the spaces allocated.

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What Element of art do you think is very crucial each artwork should have? Why do you think so?

Elements of Art

These are the visual qualities in creating a work of art.

1. Line

× This is a fundamental form of Visual Communication.

× A line is a path that a point takes through space. Lines can be thick, thin, dotted or solid.
They can make straight movements, zigzags, waves or curls.
× Lines can convey emotion as well. They may show excitement, anger, calmness,
tension, happiness and many other feelings. Because of this, some are said to be
expressive.

Horizontal Lines are generally restful, like the horizon, where the sky meets land.

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 Vertical lines seem to be reaching, so they may seem inspirational like tall majestic trees or
church steeples.

Diagonal lines tend to be disturbing. They suggest decay or chaos like lightening or falling
trees.

Expressive Lines tend to be found in nature and are very organic.

Other lines that are very measured, geometric, directional and angular are called
Constructive lines. They tend to appear to be human-made because of their precision.
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 2. Shape

Shape is created when a line becomes connected and encloses space. It is the
outline or outward appearance of something. Shapes are 2 Dimensional (2-D) which means
there are 2 ways they can be measured.
You can measure its HEIGHT and its WIDTH.

There are two basic types of shape.

× Geometric shapes have smooth even edges and are measurable. This includes the
square, the circle, the triangle and the rectangle.

× Organic shapes have more complicated edges and are usually found in nature.
Leaves, flowers, amoeba, etc.

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 3. Form

A Form is a shape that has become 3- Dimensional (3-D) Form has HEIGHT,
WIDTH and DEPTH--which is the 3rd dimension. Depth shows the thickness of the object.
Forms are NOT flat like shapes are.
How to turn shapes into form?

× A triangle becomes a cone or a pyramid.

× A square becomes a cube.

× A rectangle becomes a box or a cylinder.

× In order to turn a circle into a sphere, you must shade it. You can’t add another side
to it.

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 4. Color
Color can add interest and reality to artwork. The use of a 12-step color wheel will help
us understand color more effectively. When light is reflected through a prism, colors can be
seen.

These colors are: Red, Yellow, Orange, Green, Indigo, Blue and Violet
Remember the anagram: ROY G BIV

A long time ago, artists decided that these colors would be more useful to them if they
were placed in a wheel fashion. This became known as the color wheel.

Here are 3 primary colors:

Red, Yellow and Blue

These colors are primary for 2 reasons:

1. They can’t be mixed to be made
2. They make all the other colors on the color wheel
When you mix 2 primary colors together, you get a secondary color.
For example:
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 Red and Yellow= Orange

+ =

Red and Blue= Violet

+ =

Yellow and Blue= Green

+ =

When you mix a primary and a secondary color together you get an intermediate color.
For example:

Red and Orange= Red-Orange

Yellow and Green= Yellow-Green
Blue and Green= Blue-Green
Red and Violet= Red-Violet
Yellow and Orange= Yellow-Orange
Blue and Violet= Blue-Violet

Color Schemes

Color is divided into groups based on the way they are placed on the color wheel:
3-4 colors “next-door-neighbors” to each other creates an analogous color scheme.

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 2 colors that are directly opposite each other (going across the center) create a
complementary color scheme.

A Split-Complementary color scheme is a harmony of color and that features a

base color and two colors on either side of its complement.

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 A Triadic color scheme uses 3 colors that are equally spaced apart on the color
wheel.

Temperature

Colors can convey emotion and feelings too.

Have you ever felt “blue?” Been “green’ with envy? Called a “yellow” coward?

It is important that artists understand the effects of color when they are trying to get
the viewers of their art to feel a particular way.

Warm colors are those that have Reds, Yellows and Oranges. Warm colors seem to
advance (or come forward) in an artwork.

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 Cool colors are those that have Blues, Greens and Violets. Cool colors seem to
recede (or go back into) an artwork.

Color can be described by its Properties:

Hue Intensity Value

• Value is the lightness or
darkness of a color. Value
• is the brightness or makes objects appear
• The actual color or the dullness of a color more real because it
identity of a color. • is a color’s strength, imitates natural light.
saturation, purity When showing value in a
work of art, you will need
a LIGHT SOURCE.

A light source is the place where the light is coming from; the darkest areas are
always on the opposite side of the light.
In order to have a successful drawing, you will need to show a full value range,
which means that there are very light areas, middle tones, and very dark areas. This is a way
of giving a work of art Contrast. In drawing, value can be added several ways:

Color Value
When you use only one color plus its tints and shades, you are using a
monochromatic color scheme. A tint is a color plus white. A shade is a color plus black

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 5. Texture
Texture is the way the surface of an object actually feels. In the artistic world,
we refer to two types of texture---tactile and implied.

Tactile or real

• This is the way the surface of an object actually feels. Examples would be sandpaper,
cotton balls, tree bark, puppy fur, etc.

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 Implied Texture is the way the surface of an object looks like it feels. This is the
type of texture that artists use when they draw and paint. Textures may look rough, fuzzy,
gritty, or scruffy, but can’t actually be felt.

6. Space

This is the distance around, between, above, below, and within an object.

Positive and Negative space is a way that an artwork is divided. When planning a
work of art, both areas must be examined so that they balance one another. Drawing items
running off the page and zooming in on objects are ways to create visual interest within a work.

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 Space is basically divided into 3 parts: Foreground, Middle Ground and Background

Space
can be shallow or deep depending on what the artist wants to use. Shallow space is used
when the artist has objects very close to
the viewer.

Deep Space may show objects up close but objects are shown far away too.

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 Perspective is also a way of showing space in a work of art. Perspective is when
the artist uses a vanishing point on the horizon and then creates a sense of deep space by
showing objects getting progressively smaller as they get closer to the vanishing point.

Objects may overlap as well. When objects are overlapped it is obvious that enough space
had to be in the picture to contain all the objects that have been included.

Principles of Design

1. Balance
This is the way the elements are arranged to create a feeling of stability in a work.

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 × Symmetrical Balance. The parts of an image are organized so that one side
mirrors the other.

× Asymmetrical Balance. When one side of a composition does not reflect the
design of the other.

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 × Radial Balance. This is any type of balance based on a circle with its design
extending from center.

2. Emphasis
This is the focal point of an image, or when one area or thing stands out the most.

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 × Contrast. A large difference between two things to create interest and tension.

3. Rhythm and Movement

This is a regular repetition of elements to produce the look and feel of movement.

× Pattern and Repetition. Repetition of Design.

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4. Unity

This happens when all the elements and principles work together to create a pleasing
image.

5. Variety
This is the use of differences and change to increase the visual interest of the work.

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 6. Proportion

This is the comparative relationship of one part to another with respect to size, quantity,
or degree; SCALE.

Imagination is one of the sources of an artist’s masterpiece. It represents the artist’s desires
and expresses their feelings.
Create your own masterpiece by using any kind of medium. Observe and identify the
particular principle of design found in your work.

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 A. Scheme it up!

Color is utilized and used in a lot of ways in producing artworks. It may be through creating
a special quality in a pictorial field, in creating a mood and express individual emotions, to attract
the attention of its viewers, or even used to identify objects through its superficial appearance.

Choose a theme or subject to plan an artwork. In a short sized bond paper, divide the plane
in two parts. In a different color scheme, complete each artwork. Identify and describe the
differences in mood created by each color scheme.

For example:

Rubric for Individual Art output

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Pts. Creativity/Origina Effort/Persevera Craftsmanship/ Cooperation/Attitu
lity nce Skill de
5 The student The project was The artwork was The student willingly
explored continued until it beautiful and participated in
several choices was complete patiently necessary
before as the student done; it was preparation or
Selecting one, could make it; as good as work for
generated gave it effort far hard work classroom, was
many ideas, beyond that could make sensitive to the
tried unusual required. it. feelings and
combinations knowledge of
or changes, others, exhibited
used problem- a
solving skills. positive attitude
toward assignment.
4 The student The student worked With a little more The student
tried a few hard and effort, the participated
ideas before completed the work could enthusiastically,
selecting one or project, but with have been performed more
based his/her a bit more effort outstanding; than adequately,
work on it might have lacks the assisted in
someone else’s been finishing preparation and
idea, made outstanding. touches. cleanup.
decision after
referring to one
source.
2 The student The student finished The student The student was
tried an idea the project, but it showed apathetic toward
but it lacked could have been average the assignment,
originality, improved with craftsmanshi complained,
might have more effort, p; adequate, assisted in
copied work, chose an easy but not as preparation and
substituted project and did it good as it cleanup when
“symbols” for indifferently. could have asked.
personal been, a bit
expression. careless.
2 The student The project was The student The student allowed
fulfilled the completed with showed others to do
requirements of minimum effort average most of his/her
the assignment, craftsmanshi work,
but gave no p, lack of participated
evidence of pride in minimally,
trying anything finished work exhibited no
unusual interest in
the project

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1 The student The student did The student The student did
showed no not finish the showed poor almost nothing
evidence of work craftsmanship; toward
original thought adequately evidence of completing the
laziness or assignment, did
lack of minimum or no
understanding amount of
preparation or
cleanup,
distracted
others.

This document is a property of NONESCOST Module 1 | Page 59

Unauthorized copying, uploading, and / or editing is prohibited. (For Classroom Use Only) Prepared by: Mark A. Labrador