SCHOOL NAME: SMK PUTERI AMPANG

TITLE: ECOSYSTEM AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY

NAMES OF THE GROUP MEMBERS:
1. WONG YU YING
2. CHOO JING MIN
3. LOW XIN YI
 CHAPTER 1

OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT

This experiment is carried out with the aim to produce fertilizer using banana peel. The specific
objectives of the research are:

i. To reduce the waste of banana peels

ii. Save money spent on importing the huge amounts of chemical fertilizers.

iii. Get rid of the huge organic wastes that may contaminate the environment.

CHAPTER 2

CONTENT

2.1 PROBLEM STATEMENT

Banana is the second most cultivated fruit in Malaysia, and it can be utilized both ripe and
unripe. The ripe banana is used to prepare fried banana and the unripe banana is used for making
chips. Having a fried banana during tea time is common for Malaysian. As a result, fried banana
stalls can be found all over Malaysia, contributing to an abundant waste of banana peels. The
banana peels, which account for about 40% of the total weight of fresh bananas, are usually
disposed of in landfills and cause environmental problems. Farmers often face the problem of
disposing of banana peels as they are generally discarded compared to the other parts of the
banana plant that are processed into various products. Banana peels are organic waste that
contains a large number of carbohydrates and basic nutrients that are good for microbial growth.
Organic that is rich in carbohydrates is preferred for anaerobic digestion. The use of banana peels
in anaerobic digester as substrate could reduce the amount of waste and save the capacity of
landfills.
2.2 INTRODUCTION

Fertilizers are any organic or inorganic materials of natural or synthetic origin [other than liming
materials] added to a soil to provide one or more plant nutrients essential for plant growth. Fruits
contain a high number of antioxidants that are beneficial to our health in many ways (Faria et al
2006). Fruit peels are good source of nutrients like potash, calcium, iron, zinc etc. There are two
types of fertilizers used in agriculture. Organic fertilizers contain various antioxidants and
carbonaceous substances. Inorganic fertilizers are usually made entirely, such as sulfate of
ammonia; or they are processed from quarries. These are the cheapest and most harmless
materials used for plant growth. The present study deals with the use of fruit peels for effective
plant growth and higher yield. Different fruit peels like pomegranate, orange, lime and banana
were used.
2.3 MATERIALS NEEDED

Scissors Kitchen Scale

Container Banana peels

Measuring Cup
Rain water
 2.4 METHODOLOGY
Collection and Processing of Fruit Peels

Fruit peels of banana were collected within a week (figure 2.41). Collected banana peels were
washed thoroughly with tap water to remove the unwanted material including seeds. The washed
peels were cut in to small pieces [1-5 cm] (figure 2.42).

Preparation of Banana Peels Fertilizer

The ratio for the banana peel and rainwater was 1:4. 200g of banana peels and 800g of rainwater
were prepared (figure 2.43&2.44). banana peels were placed in a jar (figure 2.45). The water
level in the jar was filled up to 90% and lid was tightly closed (figure 2.46). All the banana peels
must be covered with water to prevent mold from growing. The jar was placed in a warm and
dark place for fermentation to take place. The banana peels were soak for 4 days until there were
no more bubbles in the solution of the banana and rainwater (figure 2.47). The liquid (now
fertilizer) was drained out and kept in a clean jar (figure 2.48).

Application of Banana Peels Fertilizer in Plants

Two cups of banana peels fertilizer were mixed with 5 litres of water. The solution was used to
fertilize the plant once a week.

Figure 2.41: Banana peels were Figure 2.42: The peels were cut into
Figure 2.43: 200g of banana
collected small pieces
peels were measured
Figure 2.44: 800g of rainwater Figure 2.45: the banana Figure 2.46: the jar was filled
was measured peels were placed in a jar with rainwater and the lid was
closed

Figure 2.47 Figure 2.48: the peels were

removed from the water. The
water was removed from the jar

(a) Day 1 (b) Day 2 (c) Day 3 (d) Day 4

Results
Table 2.1 shows the results of the experiments. 200g of banana peels was reduced to 124g after
soaking in rainwater for 4 days. The reduction of the weight shows fermentation of the peels
took place and nutrients were extracted. Objective of reducing the waste of banana peels was
achieved. After a few weeks, the fertilizer succeeds in accelerating the flowering process of the
plant. Objective of saving money on importing large quantities of chemical fertilizers was
achieved.

Results Before experiment After experiment

Weight of the banana peels

200g 124g

Effect on the plants

2.5 PRECAUTIONS
1. Avoid using rotten banana peels
2. Ensure that the banana peel is dry
3. Use at the rate recommended by the relevant product. High concentrations can cause
toxic effects (leaves become burnt) on plants. The recommendation rate varies depending
on the type of crop. If unsure, start with a low rate and increase if necessary.
4. It is best to use chlorine -free water (rainwater, well water or domestic supply water
stored in open areas to remove chlorine content).
5. Practice making a fine spray and let it drop on the target of the vegetative part of the tree.
6. The best time to spray is in the morning (after dry dew) or late afternoon. Low
temperatures in the morning or evening will cause the stomata to open wider for the
absorption of a given nutrient.
7. For optimal effect, the spray should be concentrated on the underside of the leaves as
stomata are abundant at the underside of the leaves. Spray should also be aimed at the
stem.

2.6 PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED AND SUGGESTIONS FOR IMPROVEMENT

1. The fertilizer made from banana peels has an unpleasant odour that attracts insects or
flies. Therefore, we can add some orange peels to cover the unpleasant smell.
2. Lack of banana peels and require a long time to collect them. Therefore, we can collect
the banana peels from vendors or market.
3. Using plastic bottles to store the banana peel, the air is able to get in and it will affect the
process of fermentation so we should change it to glass bottle
4. It will be better if we place the bottle under the sun so that it can speed up the
fermentation, after that we have to wait for a few days until it is fully fermented. Add
some water in it when we want to use, it is enough to used once a week, as too much of
this fertilizer will lead to overnutrition.
2.7 CONCLUSION OF THE PROJECT

In conclusion, by using this natural fertilizer we can reduce load of solid waste due to banana
peel waste and save money spent on importing the huge amounts of chemical fertilizers.
Although the amount that we reduce is very small. But we still get rid of the huge organic wastes
that may contaminate the environment.

CHAPTER 3
APPENDIX
3.1 PLANNING OF WORK

No Work Work person in charge Date

1  Discussion of Objective of the Discuss of All 6/8/2021
project members
 Discussion of Problem Statement
2  Collecting Banana Peels Yu Ying 7/8/2021

 Making Banana Peels Fertilizer Yu Ying 9/8/2021

3  Video editing Jing Min 13/8/2021
4  Discussion of Introduction Discuss of All 14/8/2021
members
5  Discussion of Methodology Discuss of All 20/8/2021
(Photos as evidences) members
6  Discussion of Precaution steps Jing Min 21/8/2021
7  Discussion of Problems Discuss of All 26/8/2021
encountered and suggestions for members
improvement
 Conclusion of the project.
8  List of references Xin Yi 28/8/2021
9  Power point presentation Yu Ying 29/8/2021
10  Submission Discuss of All 03/09/21
members
3.2 LIST OF REFERENCES
Banana Peel Fertilizer: Using Banana Peels in the Garden (2021, May 30). Retrieve from
https://www.healthygreensavvy.com/banana-peel-fertilizer-garden/
Barbano, P. (2020, June 3). Banana Peels Are Good for Gardens. Retrieved from
https://www.capegazette.com/article/banana-peels-are-good-gardens/202889
DIY Fertilisers – How to Use Banana Peels. (n.d.). Retrieved (2021，20 Aug) , from
https://themicrogardener.com/diy-fertilisers-how-to-use-banana-peels/
Jariwala, H. J., & Syed, H. S. (2016). Study on Use of Fruit Peels Powder as a Fertilizer [Paper
presentation]. Recent Advances in Environmental Sciences and Engineering.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/319329572_Study_on_Use_of_Fruit_Peels_Powder_as
_a_Fertilizer
Lao Cai Garden (Producer). (2020, December 6). Banana Peel Fertilizer (Easy and quick) [Video
file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ezcz6ByhnOA
Project Diaries (Producer). (2018, June 21). How to Make Banana Peel Fertilizer (A Complete
Step by Step Guide) [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=VT0u5qy5bLY
Salihin, A. M., Ajrun'azhim, A. M., Hirzi, M., Hajah, J. A., Atiqah, K., Najwa, H., Norkhairiah,
P., & Ahmad, S. M. (2020). Research and Development of Organic Fertilizer from Banana Peels:
Halalan Tayyiban Perspective. Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis Islam, 5:101-116.Retrieved from
https://www.capegazette.com/article/banana-peels-are goodgardens/202889#:~:text=Banana
%20peels%20are%20good%20for%20gardens%20because%20th0contain%2042,highest
%20organic%20sources%20of%20potassium
Ujjwal Mitra (Producer). (2018, April 10). Easy and Free Fertilizer for Any Plants | Banana Peel
Fertilizer [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0eiq_HXWs8M