DRUG EDUCATION AND VICE CONTROL - DRUGS AND DRUG as Benzedrine or Dexedrine, or any  

drug  which  produces a

ABUSE physiological action related to amphetamine; and hypnotic drugs
COURSE DESCRIPTION: such as methaqualone, nitrazepam  or  any  other  compound
Drug abuse prevention and education control program of the producing  similar physiological effects.
government that includes the recognition of the nature and extent  
of the drug problem; causes and influence of drug abuse; origin, CONSEQUENTIAL/EFFECTS OF THE WRONG USE OF
identification and classification of commonly abused drugs, DRUGS:
prohibited and regulated drugs and symptoms of drug abuse. The
course also includes preventive drug abuse education and 1. Make an illness worse;  3. Damage the body; and
information program in schools and communities; and treatment 2. Destroy blood cells; 4. May cause death
and rehabilitation program for drug dependents.  
  HOW DRUGS WORK?
I. DEFINITION OF DRUGS:
1. MINIMAL DOSE – Amount needed to treat or heal – it has a
A drug is a chemical substance used as a medicine or in making
medicines, which affects the body and mind and have potential for therapeutic effect.
abuse. Without an advice or prescription from a physician, drugs 2. MAXIMAL DOSES – Largest amount use of drug produce a
can be harmful. desired therapeutic effect without any accompanying symptoms of
Drug is substance, vegetable, in origin, used in the composition or toxicity.
preparation of medicine or any substance use as medicine. Drug 3. TOXIC DOSE – Amount of drug that produces untoward effects
can be defined as natural or synthetic substances that are used to or symptoms of poisoning.
produce physiological or psychological effects in man or other 4. ABUSIVE DOSE – Amount needed to produce the side effects
higher or animals. Drug is any substance which when taken by and action desired by an individual who improperly uses it.
any individual will cure his illness or relieves him of the signs and 5. LETHAL DOSE – Amount of drugs that will cause death.
symptoms of the disease. Any substance that when taken into the  
living organisms may modify one or more of its functions. II. ADMINISTRATION OF DRUGS
  THE COMMON METHODS OF ADMINISTRATION ARE THE
TWO (2) FORMS OF DRUGS FOLLOWING:

1. NATURAL PLANT - includes natural plant leaves, flowering 1. ORAL- this is the safest, most convenient and economical
tops, resin, hashish, opium and marijuana. route whenever possible. These are however, drugs, which
2. SYNTHETIC DRUGS- are products by clandestine cannot be, administered this way because the digestives juices
laboratories, which include those drugs that are controlled by law readily destroy them or because they irritate the mucous lining of
because they are used in medical practice. These drugs can only the gastro-intestinal tract and induce vomiting.
be legitimately purchased when prescribed by a licensed 2. INJECTION- this form of drug administration offers a faster
physician. response than the oral method. It makes use of a needle or other
  device to deliver the drugs directly into the body tissue and blood
circulation.
TWO (2) CLASSES OF DRUGS AS ACCORDING TO THE
3. INHALATION-  this  route  makes  use  of  gaseous  and
MANNER OF ACQUISITION volatile  drugs, which  are  inhaled  and absorbed rapidly through
1. PRESCRIPTIVE DRUGS- is drugs requiring written the mucous of the respiratory tract.
authorization from a doctor before they can be purchased.
2. OVER - THE – COUNTER DRUGS (OTC’s) - are non- IV. TOXICOLOGY
prescription medicines, which may be purchased, form only any
pharmacy or drugstore without written authorization from a doctor. A DRUG MAY CAUSE EFFECTS BECAUSE OF ANY OF THE
FOLLOWING:
WHAT IS DANGEROUS DRUG?
Dangerous drug is drug whose use is attended by risk and 1. OVERDOSE- when too much of a drug is taken there may be
therefore unsafe, perilous and hazardous to people des opium an over extension of its effects.
and its active components and derivatives, such as heroin or 2. ALLERGY- some drugs cause release of histamine giving rise
morphine; coca leaf and its derivatives, principally cocaine; alpha to allergic symptoms such as dermatitis, swelling, falls in blood
and beta cocaine; hallucinogenic drugs, such as mescaline, LSD pressure, suffocation and death.
and other drug and other substances producing similar effects; 3. IDIOSYNCRASY- for unexplained reason, morphine, which
Indian hemp and its derivatives; all preparations made from any of sedates all men, stimulates and renders some women maniacal.
the forgoing; and other drugs, whether  natural or synthetic, with Perhaps the phrase “catty woman” has a pharmacologic basis
the physiological effects of a narcotic drug. since most mammals are sedated by morphine
  4. SIDE EFFECTS- some drugs are not receptors for one organ
but receptors of other organs as will.
B. REGULATED DRUGS The effect in the other organ may constitute a side effect, which is
Any can be in possession of this drug provided with a doctor’s unwanted.
prescription it includes self- including sedatives, such as seco  
barbital, phenol-barbital, barbital, amo barbital, and any other
drug which contains a salt or derivative of salt of barbituric acid;
 UNDERLYING CAUSES AND INFLUENCE OF DRUG ABUSE
any  salt , isomer  or  salt of  am isomer, of  amphetamine;  such  

1
DRUG ABUSE – (DDB DEFINITION) – Is the deliberate use of suffer from imagined persecution which predisposes them to the
medically useful drugs which have the capacity to alter mood and lure to drugs.
behavior without the benefit of a prescription. It also refers to the
use of a medically useful mood-altering drug for a purpose 2. ANGER- an unexpressed, deep- seated anger in an individual
different from the one for which the drug has been indicated. against himself, against his family or friends or society in general
  can be a major cause of drug abuse.
DRUG DEPENDENCY – Is a state of psychic or physical reliance
or dependence on a dangerous drug following the administration
or use of the drug on a periodic or continuous basis. Drug 3. LUST- Promiscuity a burning sexual desire and impotency can
dependence is more a fitting term in lieu of drug addiction or drug distort the mind and lead it to drug abuse.
habituation. 4. GLUTTONY- “Food Trip” in the lingo of the junkie is a major
  consideration in the use and abuse of both marijuana and
WHY NARCOTICS?  Because, these drugs that has been amphetamines.
intended for medical use; to relieve pain and often induce sleep 5. AVARICE/GREED- For wealth, frame, recognition as
has been abused or dependent drug. The term narcotics exemplified by people under pressure in their work or art, such as
comprise opium or opiates and its derivatives such as: morphine, musicians, actor, and athletes who indulged in drug abuse,
heroin and codeine. particularly stimulants to perform better, sometimes beyond their
  usual or normal God- given capabilities.
A. PERCEIVED REASON FOR DRUG USE 6. ENVY- Psychiatrist and behavioral scientists believes that this
phenomenon is brought about the middle child’s deep-seated
A. Peer pressure is perceived as the major cause of initial drug envy of the first child or of the youngest who usually gets more
use. attention from the parents.
B. Addiction and removing problems or tensions in the major 7. LAZINESS - "I can’t syndrome" incapacity to achieve is a
cause for continuous drug use. breeding ground of drug abuse and boredom coupled with poor
  self-image.
B. CLASSIFICATION OF DRUG ABUSERS:
OTHER CAUSES OF DRUG ABUSE:
1. SPECIFIC OR SITUATIONAL DRUG USERS- Employs drug
for specific situation or purpose. 1. Children of broken home easily join the fad as a substitute to
The students who use Amphetamines to keep them awake at their family solidarity.
examination time 2. To assert their independence.
The house wife who uses anti-obesity pills for additional energy to 3. For curiosity- eagerness to know what they have not
perform household chores. experienced.
The taxi driver who uses amphetamines to stay awake while 4. The belief that drug could give deeper insights.
driving all night. 5. The belief that medicine could be magically solve by drugs.
Such individual may or may not exhibit psychological 6. The easy access to drugs of various sorts in an affluent society.
dependence. 7. The heightened and sharpened perception or creativity, which
2. SPREE USERS- Usually college or high school age, who take some persons believe they obtain from mind- altering, drugs
drugs for “kicks” Drug sprees constitute a defiance of convention, 8. The belief that they are just taking alcohol.
and adventurous daring experience, or a means of having fun. 9. The enjoyment of euphoria, or excitement induced by drugs.
There may be some degree of psychological dependence but little 10. The dissatisfaction or disillusion or loss of faith in the
or no physical dependence because of the sporadic and mixed prevailing system.
pattern use. Spree users usually take drugs in groups or social 11. The statements of the proselytizers who proclaim the
functions. goodness of drugs.
  12. Slum condition- the most critical is that the slum dwellers are
3. HARD CORE ADDICTS- Their activities revolve almost entirely often deprived of emotional support.
around drug experience and securing supplies. They show strong  
physical dependence in the drug, often reinforced by physical OTHER CAUSES OF DRUG ABUSE
dependence when certain drugs are being used. They have been 1. Drug abuse maybe due to public ignorance, apathy or the
on drugs for some time and now feel that they cannot function permissive morale of society.
without drug support. 2. It may also be due to the laxity of government authorities.
  3. It may be due to the impact or influence of print media, radio,
4. HIPPIES- New types of drug abusers who emerged in the last TV, movies where problems of censorship is rather nil (nothing).
few years. The drug users tend to believe that today’s lifestyle is  
either antiquated or wrong and a new way of life should be found. HOW DRUG ADDICTION IS ACQUIRED
Drugs are an integral of the hippie life and they could be 1. Through Association
considered same as the hard-core abusers. The major difference 2. Experimentation
is that most hippies do not come from slum areas but for middle 3. Inexperienced
or upper income families and their educational level is far above  
that of the slum dwellers. ADDICTION- may have been spawned by the following effects of
drug- taking:
PRIMARY CAUSES OF DRUG ADDICTION: 1. HABITUATION- A procedure that has become fixed through
constant repetition. Habituation is closely related to the euphoric
1. PRIDE- Young people who cannot take criticism out or (excitement) effect of the drug.
excessive pride and feel some sense of inadequacy, tend to 2. TOLERATION- Tolerance is defined as minimizing effect in
repetition of the same dose of the drug over a period of time, or

2
conversely, a necessity to increase the dosage to obtain an effect 8. DRUG EXPERIMENTER- One who illegally or wrongfully or
equivalent to the original dose. improperly uses any narcotic substance. Marijuana or, dangerous
3. REVERSE TOLERANCE- A drug abuser will have the same drugs as defined that, no more than few times for reasons of
response to a lower dose of a drug as he or she did to the initial, curiosity, peer pressure or other similar reason.
higher dose. (It is possible, nevertheless, for a drug to be stored 9. PUSHER- Refers to any person, who sells, administers,
in fatty tissues and released later as the fat is broken down. The delivers, or gives away to another or on any items whatsoever, or
fact the some of the drug products may remain in the body for distribute, dispatches transit or transport any dangerous drugs or
extended period of time may explain the reverse- tolerance. acts as a broker in any such transactions, in violations of RA 6425
4. CROSS TOLERANCE- A person develops a tolerance to one as amended by RA 9165.
drug; he or she will also show tolerance to other drugs. 10. ADMINISTER- Refer to the act of introducing any dangerous
5. DEPENDENCE- Physical dependence refer to an altered drug into the body of any person, with or without his knowledge,
physiological state brought about by the repeated administration by injection, ingestion, or other means or of committing any act of
of the drug which necessitates to continue using the drug to indispensable assistance to a person in administering a
prevent the concurrence of the characteristics illness which is dangerous drug to himself.
termed as abstinence (Withdrawal Syndrome) 11. PROHIBITED DRUG- INCLUDES:
  Opium and its derivatives such as morphine, Heroin, Codeine,
OTHER IMPORTANT TERMS: Coca leaf and its derivatives principally cocaine, alpha and beta
1. DRUG- The term “drug” has been traditionally defined as cocaine. Hallucinogenic drugs such as mescaline, LSD, and other
medicine or a substance used in making of a medicine. substances producing similar effect Indian hemp and its
2. NARCOTIC DRUG- Any drug that produces sleep, stupor, derivatives. All preparation made from any foregoing and other
insensitivity and relieves pain and includes opium and derivatives. drugs, whether natural or synthetic, with the physiological effects
3. HABITUATION- A condition resulting from the repeated of a narcotic drug.
administration of a drug which includes these: 12. REGULATED DRUGS - Includes self- inducing sedatives
A. A desire (but no compulsion) to continue taking the drug for the (calming effect) such as seco barbital, Phenobarbital, pento
sense of improved well-being that it endangers. barbital, barbital, amo barbital and any other drug which contains
B. Little or no tendency to increase the dose a salt or a derivative of salt of barbituric acid.
C. Some degrees of psychological dependence but no physical Any salt, isomer or salt of an isomer, or amphetamine, such as
dependence. Benzedrine or Dexedrine, or any drug which produces a
3. DRUG DEPENDENCE- A state of physical or psychological physiological action related to amphetamine and hypnotic drugs
dependence or both dangerous drugs, arising in person following such as methaqualone, nitrazepam or any other compound
administration or use of that on a periodic or continuous basis. producing similar physiological effects.
A. PHYSICAL DEPENDENCE- An adaptive state caused by 13. DELIVER- Refers to person’s act of knowingly passing a
repeated drug use that reveals itself by development of intense dangerous drug to another, personally or otherwise and by means
physical symptoms when the drug is stopped. (Withdrawal with or without consideration.
Syndrome) 14. INDIAN HEMP- Otherwise known as Marijuana, embraces
B. PSYCHOLOGICAL DEPENDENCE- An attachment to drug every king and class of the plant cannabis Sativa L. from which
use which arises from drug’s ability to satisfy some emotional or the resin has not been extracted including cannabis Americana,
personality need of an individual. hashish, bhang, guaza, churrus, and ganjah, and embraces every
4. ADDICTION- Is the state of periodic or chronic intoxication kind, class and character of Indian Hemp, whether dried or fresh,
produced by the repeated consumption of a drug whether flowering or fruiting tops of the pistillate plant, and all its
synthetic or natural, and found to be detrimental to the individual geographic varieties, whether as reefer, resin, extract, tincture, or
and to the society. any form whatsoever.
A. An overpowering desire or need (compulsion) to continue 15. MANUFACTURE- Means the production, preparation,
taking the drug. compounding or processing of a dangerous drug either directly or
B. Tendency to increase the dosage (tolerance) to maintain the indirectly or by extraction from substances of natural origin, or
some effect. independently by means of chemical synthesis or by a
C. A physical and psychological dependence on the drug. combination of extraction and chemical synthesis and shall
D. An effect detrimental to the society and the individual. include any packaging or repackaging of  such substance or
5. DRUG ABUSE- The illegal or wrongful or improper use of any labeling or relabeling of its container.
narcotic substance, marijuana or dangerous drug, or the illegal or 17. FLASHBACK- A user can be thrown back into LSD
wrongful possession transfer or sale of the same. experience months after the use of the drug. Other effects of LSD,
6. DRUG USE- Refers to the injecting, intravenous (through the which are being thoroughly researched, include brain damage
veins), or intra muscular (through the muscles) or consuming, and chromosome.
either by chewing, smoking, eating, swallowing, drinking, or 18. JOINT- Marijuana cigarette.
otherwise introducing to the physiological system of the body of 19. ROACH- The butt end of a joint
any dangerous drug. It is the willful misuse of either legal or illegal 20. HALLUCINATIONS- A false perception of objects and
drugs for recreation or convenience. experience of sensation such as distortions of time, space, sound,
7. DRUG MISUSE- It is the unintentional or inappropriate use of color and other bizarre effects.
prescribed or OTC’s. It includes but not  
LIMITED TO: HISTORY OF DRUG ADDICTION:
(1) Taking drugs more than prescribed (4) Using old medicines for HIPPOCRATES- The father of medicine prescribed the juice of a
self-treatment white poppy plant as an elixir for many illnesses as clearly as
(2) Using OTC’s in excess without medical supervision 5,000 BC. The first poppy plant was first harvested in
(5) Discontinuing prescribed medicines Mesopotamia and its use spread throughout the surroundings of
(3) Mixing drugs with alcohol Mediterranean Sea then into Asia Minor, from there it was

3
introduced to Persia, India and China by the Arab Camel C. NARCOTICS- Is mentioned in India’s “Aryan’s Veda” from
caravans. 1500-2000 BC where it is claimed that Opium originated in 4,000
  years BC in the old kingdom of Samaria.
CHINESE- They introduced the smoking of opium in California,  
USA but did not become relatively popular until the last quarter of D. ASSYRIA- Records from Assyria in 650 B.C referred to a drug
19th century. called “Azula” that was used for making rope and cloth and also
1803- Morphine was isolated in Germany, but 1882 French had as euphoric.  The ancient Greeks know about the drug described
produced codeine and other alkaloids of Opium. it as hemp. It was known that breathing the smoke from the
burning plants would cause frenzied activity. Groups of people
1898- The Germans produced diacetylmorphine (heroin) which stood in the smoke and laughed and danced as it took effect.
was held by the medical profession as a “MIRACLE DRUG” with  
all the virtues of opiates without of the dangers thereof.  It was E. BOOK OF JUDGES (OLD TESTAMENT)- About the mighty
realized that the most addicting of all drugs had been discovered. Samson, who was put to sleep by the seductive, treacherous
Delilah by means of a drug- lace wine before cutting Samson’s
 
hair, his source of strength and subsequently gouged his eyes
SIR CHRISTOPHER WREN- In 1658, he succeeded in injecting before the feasting Philistines already “high” Spirited with
drugs intravenously with quill to which a small bladder is attached. narcotics mixed with intoxicants. There are also allusions of drug
The hypodermic needle, however, dates from the work of Rynd abuse in the old cities of Gomorrah and Sodom, which might have
(1845), Taylor (1886) and Wood (1853). The first addict was led them to widespread adultery, incest and bestiality.
 
probably Mrs. Alexander Wood, whose husband Dr. Wood, was
F. Early American Indians- Believed to use not only the stimulant
prominent in the development of the modern needle some tobacco in their “peace pipes” but also opium to “Narcotize” an
200years after Sir Christopher Wren’s initial experiment. oppositionist to their common objectives. The use of “Coca
  Chica”, a vine from corn and coca is well known
PHILIPPINES- Opium smoking was first introduced in the City of  
G. HYPROCRATES- The father of medicine was said to have
Manila, particularly in the districts of Tondo, Binondo and employed herbs, roots and narcotics to relieve pain.
Chinatown areas by some of the traders and migrants.  
  H. HOMER- Wrote the Odyssey, about 1000 BC, mentions the
VII. THE MEDICAL LURE OF DRUGS use of a portion that sounds like an opiate.  The spirits of the
people, who had gathered in sad commemoration of Ulysses and
A. MARIJUANA (CANNABIS SATIVA) - Considered being the his trying ordeals, were given a lift when: “Helen, daughter of
world’s oldest cultivated plant, even ante-dating Maize (corn) of Zeus, poured into the wine they were drinking a drug, nepenthes,
the ancient Peru- Incas Considered by the early Assyrians as a which gave forgetfulness of evil. Those who had drunk of this
“Sacred Tree” grown for use as incense during rituals-some 9,000 mixture did not shed a tear the whole day long, even though their
year ago before the birth of Christ.  It has been use ever since mother or fathers were dead, even though a brother or beloved
and the contagion spread from the East, to Central Asia, Africa, son had been killed before their eyes.
South America and as far as Europe and America.  
The use of Marijuana is also deeply ingrained in the cultures of I. OPIUM- It was said to have been first cultivated in the Middle
many countries such as India, Jamaica, Morocco, Nepal, Mexico East and later in India and Pakistan, including Afghanistan.
and Peru.  The first known record of marijuana is the book of Early traces of the opium have an apparent reference in Homer’s
drugs written about 2737 B.C by the Chinese Emperor Shen Odyssey, written in the 9th century. It was known of its medicinal
Neng, who prescribed marijuana for the treatment of gout, value as early as 500 BC, by the Egyptians during the Greco-
malaria, gas pains, and absent mindedness.  The Chinese Roman period. Opium was economically and medically important
apparently had a great deal of respect for the plant, and obtained drug used for its sleep-inducing and pain relieving. Some years
fiber for clothes as well as medicine from it for thousands of later, the East India Company used the opium trade as a corner—
years.  They gave it a name that means “valuable” or “endearing” stone for its financial foundation and they shipped tremendous
– “Ma” (Maw).   In the 1930s marijuana was still called “Ma”. amounts of opium to China.  In an attempt to control the
Around the year 500 B.C, another Chinese book of treatment extremely high rate of opium addiction into China, Chinese
referred to the medical use of marijuana.  However, the plant got Emperor Yung Shen prohibited the importation of opium.  Chinese
a bad name from the moralists of the day, who claimed that addicts paid little attention to the Emperor. Addicts and opium
youngster became wild and disrespectful from the recreational continued to be imported into China by the East India Company (a
use of “Ma”. They call it “Liberator of Sin” because, under the British Company) through an elaborate smuggling operation. This
influence, the youngsters would actually refuse to listen to their resulted in the “Opium War” in 1846. The Chinese were defeated
elders and do other such scandalous things. and were finally force to sign a treaty with England permitting the
  importation of Opium into China.
B. INDIA- There are indications that it was used thousands of  
years ago and was an essential part of early Indian religious IMPORTANT DATES:
ceremonies. The well-known “Rig Veda” and other chants 1. 16TH CENTURY- Opium was brought to the Philippines by
describe the use of “Soma”, which is believed to be Marijuana. Chinese
Early writings described a ritual of collection of the resin from the 2. 19TH CENTURY- Partial ban of Opium by the Americans
plants.  After fasting and purification, certain men ran naked 3. 20TH CENTURY- Total ban of Opium by the Americans
through the cannabis plantation files. He clinging resin was 4. 1955- Marijuana was brought by the Americans in Pasay City
scraped off their bodies and cakes were made from it and used in for personal use.
feasts. 5. JAN. 8, 1959- First raid held regarding Marijuana in Pasay City
 

4
6. MARCH 30, 1972- Tie when Marcos signed the Dangerous DRUG ENFORCEMENT AGENCY EXPERTS
drug act (RA 6425) They stated that the Cali syndicates are the best organized. “They
7. NOVEMBER 14, 1972- Dangerous Drug board was created. are professionals of the highest order, intelligent, efficient,
To provide leadership, direction and coordination in the effective imaginative and nearly impenetrable.
implementation of RA 6425  
The purpose is to serve as the highest board to prevent further SPAIN: EUROPE’S NEW CONDUIT TO DRUG ADDICTION
the spread of drugs. In the spring of 1991, Spanish narcotic agents’ seizer after three
  successive two metric tons of high- grade cocaine worth several
THE GLOBAL DRUG SCENE billions of US dollars. The shipment, mostly from Columbia and
The profitability of Narcotics trafficking is astronomical. For Ecuador, was the biggest drug seizure ever made in Western
example, one kilo of Marijuana or heroine from Southeast Asia Europe. Most of the cocaine smuggled into Spain is for transit to
would be worth at least 100,000 times more when it is eventually other European countries, such as French, Britain, Germany and
sold in the streets of New York, Miami, London, or Paris. the Netherlands. At a World Health Organization Meeting in
The seeds of these highly sophisticated and well- organized Geneva, Spain was referred to as the “Paradise of drug Users in
international peddlers of destruction in the world were first sown in Europe “for its enactment of a law that “decriminalized” the
the early years of this century following and arrival in that country possession of small quantities of illegal drugs.
of European immigrants.  Among them were Italians, some of who  
had close ties or themselves belonged to the highly secret society MEXICO- it is not only a major transshipment point of Cannabis
sworn to the rituals of “Omerta”. The ancient Italian means “Oath Sativa or Marijuana to the United States and to other European
of Silence”. As they migrated to the United States, they brought countries, it has also become over the last few years the no. 1
with them their secret society, the “COSA NOSTRA” (“THIS producer of Cannabis Sativa in the World.
THINGS OF OURS), more popularly known as the MAFIA (Morte  
Alla Francia Italia Anella”) ASIAN SOURCES OF ILLEGAL DRUGS:
   
COLUMBIA SOUTH EAST ASIA
About 90% of all cocaine produced in the world today comes from The region called the GOLDEN TRIANGLE striding the tri- border
the Latin American countries, mainly Peru, Columbia, and areas between BURMA (MYANMAR), LAOS (KAMPUCHEA)
Ecuador, and to certain extent, Panama, Venezuela, El Salvador AND THAILAND. Opium from where heroin, the worlds most
and Costa Rica. American narcotics experts call Colombia the abused narcotics are drawn and refined.
world’s first narco- democracy, a term the country protest. That is  
the drug cartels have gravely warped the economy, politics and SOUTH WEST ASIA
general society of the entire nation. The region called the Golden Crescent, (across the remote
BOGOTA- Capital of Columbia- It is where the powerful Northern areas of India, Pakistan and Afghanistan and extending
International Drug cartels as a “Second Government”. into Iran) is another major supplier of opium poppy, cannabis and
  heroin products.
MEDELLIN CARTEL- The one who controlled the Powerful  
International Drug Cartel in the 1880’s. After years of murders and THE MIDDLE EAST
Mayhem, the Colombian government succeeded in containing the The Bekaa Valley of Lebanon is the biggest producer of heroine,
Medellin cartel after a vicious 22 months of war which resulted in utilizing home-grown poppy and imported raw opium from
the death of drug boss JOSE GONZALO RODRIGUEZ GACHA, Afghanistan, Pakistan and Turkey.  Lebanon is also a transit
and the subsequent surrender of his top aides and fellow cocaine country for cocaine from South America to European markets.
barons, JUANA DAVID AND FABIO OCHOA.  
  PHILIPPINES
PABLO ESCOBAR GAVIRIA- Medelin Chief and along with his The Philippines is fast emerging not only as a major
aids, was killed in a gun battle with Colombian Police following his transshipment point for the world-wide distribution of illegal drugs
escape from jail. This was on December 2, 1993.  The such as shabu and cocaine from Taiwan and South America, but
disbandment of the Medellin Cartel did not end Columbia’s fight also as the world’s major supplier of marijuana, second only to
for because of the emergence of the confederacy of crime Mexico.
families in the Cauca Valley consolidating itself into a more  
powerful gang by expanding cocaine production and taking over THE GOLDEN TRIANGLE
the lion’s share of the worldwide cocaine market. The Golden Triangle is about 1.4 million square kilometers of
  forest covered highlands where fields artier of yellow opium
NEW WORLD WIDE COCAINE CARTEL poppies glow in the bright mountain sunlight; it is made up of the
CALI CARTEL- Based from the third largest city in Colombia, west fringes of Laos. The four northern provinces of Thailand and
which is Cali. It is headed by Don Chepe, whose marble mansion the north eastern reached to Myanmar. It includes the semi-
looms high above the sugar cane fields of Cali, in the new- rich autonomous Shan States.  This vast, sparsely populated area is
suburb of Ciudad Jardin. the officially acknowledged source of Southeast Asian heroin.
   
DON CHEPE- In real life is Gilberto Rodriguez Orejuella, The Cali The Golden Triangle is in reality a “QUADRANGLE”.  Its fourth
Drug Cartel has become the most powerful criminal organization side is made up of the mountainous extreme southern part of
in the world. Yunnan province of the People’s Republic of China, the only part
No drug organization today can rival the Cali or perhaps at any of the country where the Chinese government has not so far
time in history. succeeded in abolishing opium growing.
The Cali combine produces over 90% of the cocaine distributed  
worldwide.  HOW THE GOLDEN TRIANGLE CAME OUT
 

5
ALFRED MCCOY- Wrote in his book “The Politics of Heroin in as high as her legitimated exports of 7.6 billion in 1993. The
South-East Asia” which was published in 1972 states on how the Trade and Environment Data base, Washington estimates that
United States Foreign policy supported and Before World war II, the drug cartels in Colombia spend around 100 million dollars in
The Golden Triangle produced only about 40 tons of opium a year bribes for government officials. Officials say that drug money has
and most of the harvest was smoked legally in various parts of landed in every major bank in Colombia. Revenue from the drug
Asia. trade has unleashed construction frenzy, pushing up lands prices
1950’s and 1960’s- One Asian country after one another yielded in the main cities of Bogota, Medellin and Barranquilla. There’s a
to United Nations pressure and prescribed the centuries- old quote from a report of the US Drug Enforcement regarding the
panacca of misery. Colombian drug cartels. “There influence within the banking
  industry, government and law enforcement agencies already has
SATHARN PAIRAOH- Wrote in the Bangkok post, “Opium was impeded attempts to prosecute them.  Through bribery and
banned throughout Southeast Asia in order to protect the heroin intimidation, they have altered and reversed undesired policy
addicts of Europe and America but it had effect of driving Asian decisions by the country’s government and banking regulators”.
addicts of opium which is relatively harmless and on the heroin JOE TOFT used to head the US Drug Enforcement Agency in
which is much more dangerous but easier to smuggle. Shan Bogota, Colombia. He said in a live talk show, “I can’t think of a
chieftains had been encouraged by the British to introduce the single institution in Colombia that I know of, with any judicial, legal
opium poppy to their kingdom as far back as 1866 and Opium or political influence, which does not have problems of penetration
shops had been opened throughout old Burma to retail narcotics by the narcotic traffickers”.
to licensed addicts.  The British thus succeeded in naming large It is divided between the Syndicates and the Independents and
profits for themselves while blunting resistance to alien rule by the Syndicates are divided into two, and these are:
spreading the opium habit among the native peoples. 1. Yunnanese Army Bosses, the CIF who control the border
  areas.
THE CROP AND THE HARVEST 2. The Chiu Chao Triads, who mastermind the rest.
The process begins with the tribesmen of the Quadrangle whose The relationship between the Yunnanese in the border areas and
subsidence- level existence relies on rice as the food crop and on the Chiu Chao in Bangkok is consistent with two corporate
opium for cash or barter. The opium is gathered from the end of conglomerates that find it profitable for both to deal with the other.
December to the beginning of March when the poppy loses its These syndicates bring the drug down to the Bangkok area and
flowers.  A series of small cuts are made around the green pod get it converted in the laboratories near Bangkok from morphine
that is left on the stem, white liquid oozes out and by the next base to the final heroin product or sometimes, especially to the
morning it has coagulated into small drops of brown opium. In an Hong Kong trade, to the “ether of Morphine” stage, one of the last
average harvest each family can expect to collect between 10-15 phases in the chemical process before final distillation into heroin.
kilograms of opium, some of which they sell either to middle-men, Having done all these, the syndicates have to find their customer
mainly ethnic Chinese tribesmen or direct to the unnamed around the world through the triads.
Chinese CIF (Chinese Irregular Forces) who visit the villages and  
pay the farmers either cash or more often, in goods such as THE GOLDEN CRESCENT
clothing, blankets, tea, sugar, salt etc. The Golden Crescent lies in the Western Asia and is compose of
In Myanmar, the Insurgent Forces of the Shan United Army (SUA) the area bordering Pakistan, Afghanistan, India and Iran. This
the Shan United Revolutionary Army (SURA) and the Shan State area produces at least 85 to 90 percent of all illicit channeled in
Revolutionary Army (SSRA) are also involved. drug underworld market, particularly the United States and
  Europe. The cultivation of Opium increased significantly over
THE REFINERIES previous years. This factor according to some analysts, may have
It is used to be Thailand, but because of recent law enforcement been caused by the reduction of hostilities in Afghanistan which
efforts with the increased Drug Enforcement Agency commitment might have provided a better opportunity for increased opium
in the Area, they have shed westward into Myanmar and the cultivation, harvesting and subsequent conversion to heroin at the
refineries now are in Thailand-Myanmar border. The CIF is now a same time, internal political problems in Pakistan, India, Iran, and
sort of protective group for that border area against the Burmese Sri Lanka hampered law enforcement efforts which the drug
as well as against the local Communist insurgents. syndicates consequently took advantage of in maximizing
THE MULTI- BILLION DOLLAR TRADE production of illegal drugs.
“The value of the hundred tons of heroin or morphine base  
pouring out of Thailand in a good year would make Henry Ford INDIA
look like a beggar. Almost overnight, India has become the center of the world’s drug
In Colombia, the coca base costs 950 US dollars per kilo map, leading to rapid addiction among its people. Some of the
according to 1997 estimate. After processing, it is sold at almost addicts are just eight (8) years old.
25,000 US dollars per kilo in the United States. The street price of  
cocaine there is 20 dollars to 90 dollars per gram. The profits are INDONESIA
ever more startling in heroin. In Pakistan, a kilo of heroin costs The Aceh region of Northern Sumatra has traditionally
around 2, 720 dollars but when sold in the United States, the been the main cannabis growing area in Indonesia but recent
value soars to 129, 380 dollars. According to the Un International times, cultivation of cannabis has spread to other parts of
Drug control Program, world trade in illicit drugs reaches as high Indonesia including North Sumatra. West Sumatra, Kampang,
as 400 billion dollars per year, which is comparable to the value of Java, Bali, Celebes and some other Indonesian Islands.
the world’s annual textile trade.  
  SINGAPORE, MALAYSIA AND THAILAND
US congress Office of Technology Assessment, in 1993, as much It has been reported that international drug syndicates I these
as 98% of Bolivia’s foreign exchange earnings from the sale of countries are beginning to move their bases of operation to
goods and services came from the coca market. Every year, Indonesia, particularly to Bail, Jakarta and Medan. The possible
Colombia repatriates 7 billion dollars in drug profits. That is almost emergence of Indonesia as a base from international drug

6
traffickers maybe a reaction the severity of penalties into the more the Triad Society, the Bamboo Gang base in Taiwan and the 14k
traditional source and trafficking countries (the imposition of death Group based in Hong Kong.
penalty to certain drug activities) Indonesia is viewed as a  
favorable site due to its comparatively mild legal actions against 1. BAMBOO GANG:
illegal drug trafficking and its very large and lucrative tourist trade. Could be traced from the Hong Kong based Green Gang branch
  of the Triad whose members were exiled from Hong Kong by their
traditional rivals in the celebrated Hong Kong Gang wars of the
early 1980’s for supremacy in the cocaine and heroin market.
CHINA Self-image or “keeping face as well as security reasons made
In the past three years, in addition to experiencing an upsurge in them change their name aptly to “Bamboo Gang” a moniker which
opium and heroin abuse, China has developed as a transit route symbolizes their flexibility.
or heroin from the Golden Triangle to Hong Kong. One route  
passes through the southern border provinces of Yunnan, Guanki 2. 14 K GANG
and Guangdong. Increasin quantities are also moving through Is the newest among Taiwan known Triad families, established
other provinces, notably Fujiah (opposite Taiwan), as well as the only in 1947 and with traceable origin from mainland China
cities of Shanghai and Beijing. All types of Amphetamines are particularly in the southern province of Kwantong and Fukien.
produced in Guangdong and Fujiah, mostly for transshipment of  
Hong Kong and Taiwan. The TRIAD society, the newest of all mainland Triad societies first
  sought refuge in Hong Kong in 1949.  It was then known as “14
HONG KONG Association” 14K or as it is called Chinese, SAP
It continues to be a major transshipment point to all parts of the SIE KIE. Its members came from Canton, the nearest large
world for the form of heroin known as “No. 4”. It is one of the most industrial town to Hong Kong and capital of Kwantong province.
significant transshipment points for destined to all parts of the
world. The No. 4 form, a white powder, is a type most preferred in Indeed it is typical of the double-headed nature of that generation
U.S and Europe. Methamphetamines are increasingly being of Triad Society, part criminal that even this last was in original
trafficked through Hong Kong to Japan and the Philippines. concept, an honorable military association.
 
TAIWAN LT. GENERAL KOT SIU WONG- Leader of Chiang’s Nationalist
It has traditionally been a transit point for heroin mostly destined Army and its purpose in those last years of desperate rearguard
for North America and Europe.  With the relaxation of restrictions action against the advancing communist was to bolster public
of travel to the mainland with the Taiwanese males. The opinion behind the failing Nationalist cause and to prevent or at
Taiwanese are more frequently coming to notice as heroine least reduce communist infiltration into the Nationalist armed
trafficker, particularly from Yunnan province of China. forces and civil administration.
Methamphetamine trafficking in Taiwan has increased with both He set up his headquarters at no. 14 Po Wah Road, Canton and
locally and produced amphetamines and methamphetamines since thousands of the hastily recruited members had no idea of
from China spurring and increase in local abuse. Most the traditions or even name of the society they had joined. It
Methamphetamines from Taiwan are desired for Japan and some became common to refer to the members as men of no. 14 or the
other countries. “14 Association”.
Europe is supplied West Asia (Golden Crescent), the American It was at his early period of emergence into criminality that the
supply tends to come from South America and Mexico and the society adopted the suffix “K” from symbol of “Karat” in gold,
Golden Triangle tends to supply Asia. which is harder and stronger than the Chinese type of Gold.
  It is all the more significant that both distinct and separate
THE DRUG SITUATION IN THE PHILIPPINES “families” of the triad would merge and choose Binondo in Manila
FOUR (4) CRITICAL ENTRY POINTS as their base of operation in the Philippines. The simple reason is
1. SEAPORTS the natural clannishness of the Chinese.  It should be also noted
 2. AIRPORTS that the ethnic Chines speak different dialects, except those in
3. MAILS AND PARCEL SYSTEM Fukien and Kwantong who speak in similar tongues and so
 4. PHILIPPINE COASTLINES naturally consider themselves “one family” whenever they may be
  settled anywhere in the world. More than ancestral ties however,
The Philippines has become one of the major transshipment the Binondo based syndicates enjoys several natural built in
points for the International Drug Syndicates. Several factors advantages with in the enclave of the Binondo Chinese
contribute to this role of the Philippines as a major conduit for Community.
illegal drugs in Asia. The easily penetrable airports in the country The identification of the ringleaders and other key personalities
which make smuggling of illegal drug much easier for the involved in the Binondo based syndicate following a relentless
syndicates, the long Philippine shore lines, among the longest counter-intelligence operation by the 3rd Special Operation Group
water in the world, which make it very  difficult for law of the PNP Narcom lead to the uncovering of the modus Operandi
enforcement agencies to patrol, plus an antiquated boats and of the drug syndicate and an intricate and carefully planned and
personnel to protect the sea- lanes. This aggravated by the fact executed drug trafficking network in the country.
that the Philippines as strategically located close to major sources The efforts also led to the discovery of the syndicate’s
of illegal drugs in neighboring Asia countries as well as to major transshipment operations in distributing both prohibited and
illegal drug outlet and market such as the United State, Guam, regulated drugs to other clandestine drug markets in the world.
Japan and Australia.  
  The MASSIVE COUNTER-INTELLIGENCE effort also
DRUG SYNDICATE IN THE PHILIPPINES: successfully identified key drug personalities in the country and
THE BINONDO- BASE CHINESE SYNDICATE now operating in their operation which INCLUDE, AMONG OTHERS:
the key cities has been identified as the nucleus of two groups of

7
1. Using the coastal towns of the Ilocos and Pangasinan Intelligence reports indicate that these Coca plants were
provinces as main entry points for illegal drugs under cover of transferred to Calbayog, Samar and Tacloban in Leyte.
other highly taxable items.  
2. Using the Northern coastal towns of Ilocos and Pangsinan as ILLICIT DRUG CULTIVATION (MARIJUANA)
pay-off points as well as pick-up points for locally grown In Marag Valley, comprising the northern parts of Kalinga -
marijuana, bangus fry, local handguns and illegal logs. The back Apayao in vast field of Marijuana plantations. At present at least
loading techniques makes the syndicates operations in the 10 provinces with 18 different locations have been pinpointed as
Philippines all the more lucrative at minimal risk, as they can plantation for marijuana. The Philippines is the 2nd largest exporter
easily slide into international waters with very little fear of pursuit. of marijuana in the world next to Mexico.
3. The syndicate’s sudden shift to coastal towns in Cagayan, Although seizures were recovered in almost every region,
Isabela and Aurora provinces indicate carefully studied plan for a marijuana cultivation is still concentrated in the mountainous and
more complicated drop off and retrieval system.  A system had inaccessible areas of Northern Luzon and Central Visayas where
been pre-arranged whereby the foreign based syndicates drop the presence of communist insurgents is still felt. A total of 10.
the prohibited drugs at certain designated points in Cagayan or 866.569 marijuana plants seedlings in 142 cultivation sites
Isabela to be picked by the land based members waiting at the located in 10 provinces were detected and destroyed in 1992.  Of
shoreline; and these, 7, 742,991 seedlings representing 71.25% where seized
4. Using Cebu, Davao Port and other key as alternative drop from northern Luzon (Region 1,2 and 4);  1,498,559 representing
alternative drop-off points. 23.1% from Central and Eastern Visayas and 1,625 seedlings
  representing 13.80% were seized from central, Southern and
MODUS OPERANDI OF THE DRUG SYNDICATES: Western Mindanao, including the autonomous Region of Muslim
In depth investigation on the modus operandi of the TRIAD Mindanao.
branch (14k and Bamboo Gang) operating in the Philippines The figure represents a 12.9% increase over the total of 9, 547,
disclosed the FOLLOWING: and 925 with a corresponding a total of 1,267,853 kilos of bulk of
1. In recent years, the syndicates posing as “fishermen” along the marijuana leaves were confiscated in 742 seizure incidents.
Philippines seas, particularly, the northern provinces of Luzon like Representing an increase of 15.04 as compared to the total
Ilococs, La Union and Pangasinan where they drop their loads of quantity seized in 1991.
Shabu to shoreline-based members of the syndicate.  
  DRUG SMUGGLING:
2. At times, the illegal drugs smuggled into the Philippines from The Philippines remains a transit country for heroin for Thailand
transshipment to other countries are hidden inside highly taxable destined for the USA and some countries. In 1991, a total of 15.6
cargoes such as motorcycles, stereo and television sets. A highly kilograms of heroin was seized transmitting the country, bound for
mobile and flexible point is prior to the designated as drop-off and the USA and originating from Thailand. Also in 1991 incoming
point of payments. In the process, the syndicate, to dupe the smuggling cases encountered in which Philippines is the final
authorities and as cove for their nefarious activities, used the old destination, involved the drug or shabu
time “Barter system” wherein bangus fry, illegally, cut logs, locally The Oversight Committee on Dangerous Drugs shall be assisted
made guns and marijuana are utilized as barter medium, thus, the by a secretariat to be composed by personnel who may second
syndicates profit become astronomical. from the Senate and the House of Representatives and may
  retain consultants.
3. In mid-July 1993, the biggest cocaine seizure ever made in the To carry out the powers and functions of the Oversight Committee
country was conducted by the Special Operation Group 3 of PNP on Dangerous Drugs, the initial sum Twenty-five million pesos
Narcom acting on the basis of an information received, a (P25, 000,000.00) shall be charged against the current
composite team of PNP Narcom and CIS elements were appropriations of the Senate.  Thereafter, such amount necessary
dispatched to Baler in Aurora province where 7.0 kgs.  High grade for its continued operations shall be included in the annual
cocaine valued at over 140 million pesos by street standards, General Appropriations Act.
were recovered.   This particular seizure led to further The Oversight Committee on Dangerous Drugs shall exist for a
investigation which subsequently revealed that the syndicates period of ten (10) years from the effectivity of this Act and may be
have shifted their operation to Cagayan Valley- Aurora, Quezon extended by a joint concurrent resolution.
areas of particular significance is the discovery of the syndicates  
tactics in bringing into the country such illegal drugs as cocaine DANGEROUS DRUGS BOARD (DDB)
with Plan in the provoke of Isabela as the drop- off point, where
land based members of the syndicate at pre-determined time  
dateand place pick them up for distribution in the illegal market. RA NO. 9165 - Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002.
  RA NO 6425 - Dangerous Drugs Act of 1972 - the law that was
4. In 1988, an island called the Aguho Island; some 92 kilometer repelled by RA no. 9165.
from Iloilo City was also the object of a massive operation by the
DANGEROUS DRUGS BOARD (DDB) - the policy-making and
PNP NARCOM. It burned out that the island purchased by some
foreigners from unwritting Filipinos for P50, 000.00 had been strategy-formulating body in the planning and formulation of
converted into a cocaine plantation where a sophisticated policies and programs on drug prevention and control.
laboratory for the processing of illegal drug had been discovered DUTIES/FUNCTION OF THE DDB -To develop and adopt
and destroyed. comprehensive, integrated, unified and balanced national
 
drug abuse prevention and control strategy.
5. Eighty-six fully grown Coca plants were discovered and
uprooted during the raid by Narcom. The persisting indication,
however, the most of the Coca plants in the 5 hectares island  
plantation had been dug up and transferred to other places.  
 

8
  enforcement, law, medicine, criminology, psychology and social
COMPOSITION OF THE DDB work.
1. 3 permanent members THERE ARE TWO (2) PDEA DEPUTY DIRECTOR GENERAL
2. 2 regular members 1. One for Administration
3. 12 ex officio members 2. One for Operation
THE 12 EX OFFICIO MEMBERS ARE THE FOLLOWING: They shall have a rank of Assistant Secretary and both are
1. DOJ secretary or his/her representative 7. DSWD secretary or appointed by the President of the Philippines upon
his/her representative recommendation of the board.
2. DOH secretary or his/her representative 8. DFA secretary or MANDATORY SERVICES OF THE PDEA
his/her representative 1. Intelligence and Investigation 6. Administrative and Human
3. DND secretary or his/her representative 9. DECS secretary or Resource
his/her representative 2. International Cooperation and Foreign Affairs 7. Financial
4. DOF secretary or his/her representative 10. CHED chairman or Management
his/her representative 3. Preventive Education and Community Involvement 8. Logistic
5. DOLE secretary or his/her representative 11. National Youth Management
Commission chairman or his/her representative 4. Plans and Operation 9. Internal Affairs
6. DILG secretary or his/her representative 12. PDEA director 5. Compliance, Legal and Prosecution
general PDEA Shall establish regional offices.
THE DDB IS UNDER THE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT. PDEA ACADEMY - Shall be established either in Baguio City or
THE DEPARTMENT SECRETARY'S REPRESENTATIVE SHALL Tagaytay City and in such other places as may be necessary.
IN NO CASE BE LOWER THAN UNDER SECRETARY. PDEA Academy shall be headed by a Superintendent with the
THE TWO REGULAR MEMBERS OF THE DDB ARE: rank of Director. He shall be appointed by the PDEA Director
1. The President of the Integrated Bar of the Philippines (IBP) General.
2. The Chairman or President of a non-governmental organization LEGAL GUIDANCE IN THE INVESTIGATION AND
involved in dangerous drug campaign to be appointed by the PROSECUTION OF NARCOTICS CASES
President of the Philippines. RA 6425 OF 1972         RA 9165 of 2002
PERMANENT CONSULTANTS OF THE DDB 1. Dangerous drugs are categorized as Regulated & Prohibited
1. Director of the NBI ---------------------- - All drugs are categorized as Dangerous Drugs
2. Chief of the PNP 2. Accused can avail of Parole, Pardon – and Probation
PDEA - implementing arm of the DDB. -------------------------------- - These privileges are curtailed
QUALIFICATION OF THE 3 PERMANENT MEMBERS OF THE 3. Planting of evidence as a violation Applies only to law
DDB Enforcers ------------------- Applies to any person
At least 7 years training and experience in the field of dangerous 4. Penalties are lower
drugs and in any of the following fields: law, medicine, -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
criminology, psychology or social work. They are appointed by the Penalties has increased
President. 5. Quantity & quality of drugs is Considered in the imposition of
A. The President shall designate a Chairman of the DDB from penalty ------------ It does not consider quality as basis for the
among the 3 permanent members who shall serve for 6 years. imposition of
B. The Chairman of the DDB shall have a rank of Under    of penalty
Secretary. 6. Procedures after arrest & confiscation
C. Term of office of the permanent members of the DDB - 6 years ---------------------------------------------------- Procedure after arrest &
and until their successors shall have been duly appointed and confiscation of
qualified. of drugs does not involve other            drugs has become
D. The PDEA shall be headed by a Director General with the rank complicated
of undersecretary. Personalities            it requires the presence of other Personalities
E. The PDEA Director General shall be appointed by the 7. Destruction of Drugs is done in bulk
President of the Philippines. ------------------------------------------------------- Destruction Procedures
DUTIES/FUNCTIONS OF PDEA DIRECTOR GENERAL on Dangerous
1. Responsible for the general administration and management of   Drugs happens immediately except Retained samples
the agency. WHAT ARE THE UNLAWFUL ACTS PROVIDED FOR BY ART.
2. Perform other duties that may be assigned to him/her by the 11 OF RA 9165?
President. 1. Sec. 4 – importation of dangerous drugs and/or controlled
The PDEA Director General and the 2 Deputy Director General precursors and essential Chemicals.
must possess adequate knowledge, training and experience in
the field of dangerous drugs and in any of the following field: law

9
2. Sec. 5 – Sale, Trading, Administration, Dispensation, Deliver, 6. DECONGESTANTS- Those that relieve congestion of the nasal
Distribution and Transportation of Dangerous Drugs and/or passages. Prolonged used of these decongestants might include
nasal congestion upon withdrawal.
Controlled Precursors and Essential Chemicals. 7. EXPECTORANTS- Those that can ease the expulsion of
3. Sec. 6 – Maintenance of Den, Dive or Resort mucus and phlegm for the lungs and the throat.
4. Sec. 7 – Employees and Visitors of a Den, Dive or Resort. 8. LAXATIVES- Those that stimulate defecation and encourage
5. Sec. 8 – Manufacture of Dangerous Drugs and/or Controlled bowel movement.
9. SEDATIVES AND TRANQUILIZERS- Are those that can calm
Precursors and Essential Chemicals
and quiet the nerves and relive anxiety without causing
6. Sec. 9 – Illegal Chemical Diversion of Controlled Precursors depression and clouding of mind.
and Essential Chemicals. 10. VITAMINS- Those substances necessary for normal growth
7. Sec. 10 – Manufacture or Delivery of Equipment, Instrument, and development and proper functioning of the body.
Apparatus, and Other Paraphernalia for Dangerous Drugs and/or  
 
Controlled Precursors and Essential Chemicals.
 
8. Sec. 11 – Possession of Dangerous Drugs GENERAL EFFECTS OF DRUG ABUSE:
9. Sec. 12 – Possession of Equipment, Instrument, Apparatus and 1. PHYSICAL EFFECTS
Other Paraphernalia for Dangerous Drugs A. MALNUTRITION- The life of an addict revolves around drug
10. Sec. 13 – Possession of Dangerous Drugs during Parties, use.  He misses even his regular meals; he loses his appetite and
eventually develops malnutrition.
Social Gatherings or Meetings B. SKIN INFECTIONS AND SKIN RASHES- Often times the drug
11. Sec. 14 – Possession of Equipment, Instrument, Apparatus abuser neglects his personal hygiene, uses unsterilized needles
and Other Paraphernalia for Dangerous Drugs during Parties, and syringes that result in skin infections or even ulceration at the
Social Gatherings or Meetings sites of the needle puncture.
 
12. Sec. 15 – Use of Dangerous Drugs
2. PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS
13. Sec. 16 – Cultivation or Culture of Plants Classified as The abuse of drugs can bring many psychological effects as the
Dangerous Drugs or are Sources thereof FOLLOWING:
14. Sec. 17 – Maintenance and Keeping of Original Records of A. Deterioration of personality with impaired emotional maturation
transactions on Dangerous Drugs and/or Controlled Precursors E. Loss of interest to study
B. Impairment of adequate mental function F. Laziness, lethargy,
and Essential Chemicals.
boredom and restlessness
15. Sec. 18 – Unnecessary Prescription of Dangerous Drugs C. Loss of drive and ambition G. Irritability, rebellious attitude
16. Sec. 19 – Unlawful Prescription of Dangerous Drugs D. Development of psychosis and depression. H. Withdrawn
17. Sec. 20 – Confiscation and Forfeiture of the Proceeds or forgetfulness
Instruments of the Unlawful Act, including the Properties or  
3. SOCIAL EFFECTS
Proceeds derived from the Illegal Trafficking of Dangerous Drugs The drug abuser may also experience social disfunction such as
and/or Precursors and Essential Chemicals. the following:
18. Sec. 21 – Custody and Disposition of Confiscated, Seized, A. Deterioration of interpersonal relationship and development of
and/or Surrendered/Paraphernalia and/or Laboratory Equipment. conflict with authority.
B. Social maladjustment, loss of desire to work study and
19. Sec. 29 – “planting of Evidence.”
participate in activities or to face challenges.
 
TRHEE (3) PRONGED APPROACHED IN THE SOLUTION OF
3. MENTAL EFFECTS
DRUG PROBLEMS
The drug abuser can experience adverse effect on the central
1.  Law enforcement activities
nervous system. Regular use or injection of large doses of a
2. Preventive Drug Education and
substance reduce the activity of the brain and depresses the
3. Information program in school and in communities.
central nervous system. The drug dependent then manifests
changes in his mind and behavior that are undesirable by people
MEDICAL USES OF DRUGS in his environment. Another mental effect will be deterioration of
1. ANALGESIC- Are drugs that relived pain. However, they may the mind. The dependent is a “mental Invalid” in the sense that
produce the opposite effects on somebody who suffers from drug can manipulate him, make him lose his power, and prod him
peptic ulcer or gastric irritation. to behave contrary to what he usually thinks right.
2. ANTIBIOTICS- Are drugs that combat or control infectious  
organisms. Ingesting the same antibiotics for a long time can 4. ECONOMIC EFFECTS
result in allergic reactions and cause resistance to the drug. Some economic problems are encountered due to drug abuse
3. ANTIPYRETICS- Those that can lower body temperature or like:
fever due to infection. A. INABILITY TO HOLD A STABLE JOB - It is impossible for a
4. ANTIHISTAMINES- Those that can control or combat allergic drug abuser to hold a steady job since he spends all his time and
reactions. People who are on antihistamine therapy must not be money on drugs.  If he has one, he would be unable to
operative or drive vehicles since these drugs can cause concentrate since he would be either over stimulated or lazy and
drowsiness. drowsy.
5. CONTRACEPTIVES- Drugs that prevent the meeting of the  
egg cell and sperm cell or prevent the ovary from releasing egg B. DEPENDENCE ON FAMILY RESOURCES - Instead of
cells. contributing to the economic stability of the family, a dependent

10
becomes an economic burden, besides depending on the family B. HEAVY DRINKING – Uses alcohol to escape high levels of
for his basic necessities; he also has to rely on the family stress and seeks relief.
resources to provide him money for the support of his expensive
habit. C. DEPENDENT DRINKING – The person is addicted to alcohol
  and suffers from many consequences – an inability to function
C. ACCIDENTS IN INDUSTRY - In a state of agitation or dullness normally either socially, intellectually or physically.
of the mind as a result of the drug he has taken, the dependent
becomes careless and losses concentration on his job.
Consequently, an accident may occur which may adversely affect D. STAGES OF PSYCHOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT – Posited
both drug abuser and his co-workers. that unconscious feelings and thought relate to stages of
  psychosexual development from infancy to adulthood.
5. ENFORCE LAWS INCIDENTAL TO THE PERFORMANCE OF
ITS MISSION. E. ORAL STAGE – (birth to 18 months) during the oral stage, the
  infant organizes his or her primitive impulses “arocend orality as a
OPERATIONAL PLANS AGAINST THE DRUG PROBLEM means of engaging the environment and achieving pleasures.”
OPLAN IWAS DROGA - Is the national flagship program on drug During this stage, the mouth, lips, and tongue are the
abuse prevention launched by the DDB in 1995. predominant sexual organs. Desires and gratification are mainly
oral – sucking and biting.
BARKADA KONTRA DROGA - Is a peer-based program
designed as a preventive education and information strategy to F. ANAL STAGE – (18 months to 3 years) the infant into his or
counter the dangers and disastrous effects of drug abuse. It aims her second year, the instinctual organization is beginning to
to empower individuals to be catalysts within their peer groups in organize arocend the mental representations concerned with
advocating healthy, drug-free lifestyles through involvement in anality.
various wholesome activities.

IDADIN - Integrated Drug Abuse Data and Information Network - The anus becomes the center of sexual desire and gratification
is an online drug data pooling and collection system that allows during the stage, with pleasure closely associated with the
better management and assessment of the over-all drug demand situation and expulsion of feces. Physiologically the child is now
and supply reduction efforts undertaken by the government. able to control eliminatory processes.
G. GENITAL STAGE - (3 to 5 years) in this stage, which
DDB-DIAL - (DDB Drug Information Action Line) is an action anticipates adulthood, the main sexual interest is assumed by the
center created to receive reports and complaints related to drug genitals and in normal persons is maintained by them hereafter.
abuse as well as to provide relevant information and assistance to During this period, boys experience strong attachment to their
the public. mother (Oedipus complex); both have incestuous fantasies,
although they do not fully understand the mechanics of adult
KID LISTO - Is a mascot created to stand as an icon or sexual relations.
representation of the drug abuse prevention program. KID means
Kalaban ng Ilegal na Droga. It was brought to different schools H. LATENCY – Five to adolescence. His stage is marked by a
and communities all over the country to promote the anti-drug significant lessening of interest in sexual organs and by strong
advocacy. attachments and relationships with playmates of the same gender
and age; it is difficult to get boys and girls to play together.
OPLAN TOKHANG – The current program 
I. ADOLESCENCE/ADULTHOOD – The middle experiences a
FIVE (5) PILLARS GLOBAL DRUG CONTROL APPROACH dramatic reawakening of genital interest and awareness. The
1. Drug Supply Reduction 4. Civic Awareness and Response repressed and sexual interest is expressed in terms of mature
2. Drug Demand Reduction 5. Regional and International (adult) sexuality. As noted above, drug use substitutes for or
Cooperation enhances sexual activity allows the abuser to avoid or overcome
3. Alternative Development the reawakening of incestuous sexual feelings that were never
successfully reconciled during the genital stage.
UNITED NATION INTERNATIONAL DRUG CONTROL
PROGRAM (UNDCP) J. TOLERANCE – Denotes the need for increased doses for a
The UNDCP was established in 1991 pursuant to general drug in order to produce the desired effects.
assembly Resolution 45/179 of Dec. 21, 1990. The UNDCP is
mandated by the General Assembly with the exclusive
responsibility leadership for all United Nation Drug Control K. TRANQUILIZER – A drug used in the treatment of nervous
activities in order to ensure coherence of actions, coordination states and some serious mental disorders without producing
and non-duplication of such activities in the United Nation sleep.
System. The UNDCP assist government in fulfilling their
obligation under the existing regulatory structures so that they can L. USE – Any act of injecting, intravenously or intramuscularly, of
become parties to these conventions. consuming, either by chewing, smoking, sniffing, eating,
  swallowing, drinking or otherwise introducing into the
STAGES OF DRUG ADDICTION physiological system of the body, any of the dangerous drugs.

A. SOCIAL DRINKING – Initial pattern alcohol is used to enhance M. WITHDRAWAL SYNDROME – The symptoms that arise after
pleasant social situations. The drug is taken for relaxation and a drug, which has produces physically dependence is stopped or
entertainment. Drinking as ritualistic dimension. abruptly withdrawn.

11
  1. The patient achieves a drug- free existence
TREATMENT AND REHABILITATION APPROACH 2. He becomes adjusted to his family and peers
1. TREATMENT- The medical service rendered to a client for the 3. Socially client is not involved on socially deviant behaviors.
effective management of physical and mental conditions related  
to drug abuse. DIAGNOSTIC GUIDELINES
DEFOXICATION- It is a medically supervised elimination of drugs A definite diagnosis of dependence should only be made if three
from the system of any addicted person. or more of the following have been experienced or exhibited at
2. COLD TURKEY- Self drug withdrawal some time during the previous year.
3. SUBSTITUTION- The use of methodex, catapress, haemasin, 1. A strong desire or sense of compulsion to take the substance
dextropropoxyphene, tranquilizer, could be gradual or rapid. 2. An impaired capacity to control substance- taking behavior in
  terms of its onset, termination or levels of use.
2. REHABILITATION- The dynamic process directed towards 3. Substance use with the intention of relieving withdrawal
physical, emotional/ psychological, vocational, social and spiritual symptoms and with awareness that this strategy is effective.
change to prepare a person for the fullest life compatible with his 4. A psychological withdrawal state.
capabilities and render him able to become a law abiding and 5. Evidence of tolerance such that increased doses of the
productive member of the community without abusing drugs. substance are required in order to achieve effects originally
TREATMENT- Is a medical service rendered to a client for the produced by lower doses.
effective management of his total condition related to drug abuse. 6. A narrowing of the personal repertoire of patterns of substance
It deals with the physiological or psychological complications use.
arising from drug abuse. 7. Progressive neglect of alternative pressure or interests in favor
ENABLING- Is any action taken by a concerned person that of substance use.
removes or softens the negative effect or harmful consequences 8. Persisting with substance use despite clear evidence of overtly
of drug use upon the user. harmful consequences.
   
METHODS: EDUCATIONAL PROCESS
1. PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC METHODS DRUG ABUSE PREVENTION EDUCATION
A. INDIVIDUAL THERAPY- This involves a one tone relationship Drug abuse prevention education is concerned with bringing
whose aim is to help the patient reduce his drug abusing behavior about changes in the people’s knowledge, attitudes and practices
and develop insight into his condition. towards drug abuse. It utilizes a variety of approaches and
B. GROUP THERAPY- This is a form of therapy where the methods whereby people go through teaching- learning process,
individual is helped through group process.  Each member of the and which may be planned, implemented and evaluated through
group receives immediate feedback from the other members the barangay organized groups and other organizations and
regarding his verbal and other forms of behavior.  Group support agencies in the community.
and encouragement are given to the subject on the promise that  
these are effective devices, which can produce positive results REASONS WHY PEOPLE TURN TO DRUGS
toward modification.
C. UNCONSTRUCTED GROUP THERAPY- The role of the 1. Family Problems: Broken family, financial problem 4. Boredom,
therapist can be assumed by the entire group or group members. Frustration
D. THE FAMILY THERAPY- This is a form of intervention is 2. Lack of Parental Guidance 5. Weak Personality, Desire to
based on recognition that while the family as a primary social unit Escape from Reality
can be a source of problem leading to drug abuse, can also be a 3. Peer Pressure/Curiosity
powerful factor in improving the behavior of the drug dependent.  
Family therapy may include the restructuring of the family, COMMON SIGNS OF DRUG ABUSE
environmental manipulating, strengthening family communication 1. Injection Marks              6. Change from normal capabilities
and discovering potentials of family members to help facilitated (work habits, efficiency, etc.)
the rehabilitation of the drug dependent. 2. Unusual effort made to cover arms in order to hide needle
  marks         7. Poor attendance at work or school
1. THE SPIRITUAL AND RELIGIOUS MEANS 3. Uncontrollable craving      8. Wearing sunglasses constantly at
This is the development of moral and spiritual values of the drug inappropriate times
dependent.
4. Changes in Mood        9. Poor physical appearance
 
2. THE FOLLOW – UP AND AFTER – CARE 5. Association with known drug abusers
The process of rehabilitation does not end upon the release or STRATEGIES:
discharge of client for a center. 1. DRUG EDUCATION- Learning situations during seminar
After his discharge, he has to undergo follow-up and after- care workshops, symposiums and lecture forums, which take up value
services for a period of not more than 18 months by the clarification, leadership training, coping skills and decision
appropriate center personnel. The office of the DSWD and the making. It is movement, which utilizes humanistic techniques in
NBI are deputized agents of the board to handle this. both school- based and community oriented drug abuse
  prevention program.
2. DRUG INFORMATION- It is an activity which focuses on the
DURATION OF REHABILITATION
dissemination of basic facts of the causes and effects of drug
If the patient is found to be an opiate abuser, the treatment abuse with the objective of creating awareness and vigilance of
prescribed shall be for a period of not less than six (6) months. the people in the community.
  DRUG INFORMATION INCLUDES THE FOLLOWING
CRITERIA OF REHABILITATION: ACTIVITIES:

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1. YOUTH – Adult Communications as in Parent- Youth dialogues 5. SMALL GROUP APPROACH- Involves contact with a number
and Family encounters of people assembled in isolated group or in one of a series of
2. INFO- ORIENTED CLASSROOM/ COMMUNITY ACTIVITIES related groups. This technique can be carried out by:
SUCH AS CONTEST IN THE SCHOOL /COMMUNITY- Essay, 1. LECTURE- One way discussion
slogan, poster, cartoon and play writing. 2. SMALL GROUP DISCUSSION- Mutual interchanges of ideas
3. BROADCAST MEDIA: TV, radio or Printed, Plugs, films, slides, or opinions between the small groups.
spot announcement, music programming, newsletter, comics, 3. SYMPOSIUM- Group of talks, speeches or lectures presented
leaflets, brochures, magazines and other publications. by several individuals on various phases of a single subject.
3. ALTERNATIVES- This includes a member of ideas for 4. PANEL DISCUSSION- Discussion before an audience by a
stimulating meaningful involvement for the youth that can selected group of persons expressing a variety of viewpoints
complete successfully with the demands of drugs and alcohol. under a moderator.
Primary the services should focus on services or constructive and 5. THE BUZZ SESSION- The count off procedure
productive pursuits and recreational activities that are usually 6. Seminars, simulation games, debate, filed trips
community- based such as:  
A. Voluntary service works 6. Community Approach- this involves working together about
B. Income producing activities their common problems, identify these and implement the kind of
C. Sports, arts development: theater-choral/dance groups action patterns for the solution of the problems. This technique
D. Community fair/ contest can be carried out by:
E. Other recreational activities:  development of physical, 1. Community assemblies and barangay affairs
emotional, interpersonal, mental- intellectual, spiritual and all 2. Sport- festival or on test in the community
aspects of behavioral development. 3. Church related activities
4. INTERVENTION- This strategy is applied to experimenters and  
potential drug abusers. Activities like peer or group counseling VICE EDUCATION AND VICE CONTROL
should be encouraged in every community. It is applied to the  
individual or group which needs specific assistance and support. DEFINITION OF VICE
TECHNIQUES / ACTIVITIES Maybe defined as an evil or immoral conduct or habit the
1. Peer counseling 3. Cross-age tutoring indulgence of which lead to depravity, wickedness and /or
2. Hot Lines 4. New peer group creation corruption. In short, any bad conduct or habit.
Peer and Cross- age Tutoring and Counseling  
Peer and cross-age tutoring and counseling enable the person/  VICES TO BE CONTROLLED
student to assume adult and mature roles, to become actively 1. GAMBLING-Is a game that result of which depends chiefly
involved in their own learning and in other’s learning and to take upon chance. Hence, those games, the result of which depends
on a “real world” responsibility. chiefly upon skill are not gambling, such as sports contest.
  Gambling is prohibited and punished in order to repress and the
THE PROGRAM IS FOCUSED ON: evil that undermines the social, moral and economic growth of the
1. LIFE CAREER PLANNING- The preparation towards a nation. It has the effect of causing poverty, dishonesty, fraud and
comprehensive career education helps young people to make the deceit, RPC. The following are some forms of gambling that is
right choices. allowed on the following conditions and under some special laws:
2. PARENTING AND FAMILY COMMUNICATION- Activities that  
fosters better understanding and wholesome family relationship. A. COCKPITS AND COCKFIGHTING
  Cockfighting is allowed only in licensed cockpits during Sundays,
EFFECTIVE TECHNIQUES AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES Legal Holidays, fairs and local fiestas but not to exceed three
1. VALUES FORMULATION OR DEVELOPMENT - The days, except on the following days: December 30 (Rizal Day),
articulation or personal values. Its process includes choosing from June 12 (Phil. Independence Day), Nov. 30 (National Heroes
alternatives and repeatedly and consistently acted upon. Day), Holy Thursday, Good Friday, Election or referendum, and/
  as Registration day.
2. ROLE PLAYING- A technique use to help students identify  
more closely with historical figures or characters in literature, B. HORSE RACES
which will help them at sensing problems and testing solutions Private individuals and entities duly licensed by the Games and
without taking any great risk. Amusement Board may held races on Sundays not reserved by
  the board on 24 Saturdays as may be determined by the board,
3. DECISION MAKING AND PROBLEM SOLVING- Techniques and on legal holidays, except Holy Thursday and Good Friday,
using conflict resolutions focused on group problems, which help July 4, December 30 and during registration, voting referendum or
the students in identifying possible alternatives to solve the election days.
problem.  
  C. LOTTERY
4. INDIVIDUAL CONTACT- The basic principles in working with It is a scheme for the distribution of prices by chance among
an individual with the emphasis of making him feel at ease, persons who have paid, or agreed to pay a valuable consideration
involving him by asking questions, supplying with the necessary for the chance to obtain a price. Lottery such as “Jueteng” is
information and arriving at a decision that will end to action. It is illegal other forms maybe allowed in accordance with special
carried out by: laws.
A. person to person relationship or individual counseling IN CONNECTION WITH SPORTS CONTESTS, THE
B. House / Office visits FOLLOWING ACTS IS UNLAWFUL
C. Telephone calls or by letters  
D. Information conversations or dialogues A. GAME FIXING
 

13
Any arrangement which the result of any game, races, or sports with their meals because they like them and think they make food
contest shall be known or predicted other that on the basis of the taste better. Other drink because they think it gives them a life.
honest playing ability of the players. Actually this sensation result from the soothing, rather than any
  stimulating effect of alcohol.
B. POINT SHAVING  
Any arrangement by which the skill of any player in a game to HANG OVER- Refers to the terrible pain and horrible effects
make points or scores shall be limited deliberately limited in order which follow a period of heavy drinking.
to influence the result in favor of the other team or participants.  
  CONTROL OF VICE
C. GAME MACHINATION Police control of vice is difficult but the diversity of opinion among
Any other fraudulent or dishonest means employed for the citizens as to the nature and extent of regulations that should be
purpose of influencing the result of any game or sports contest. applied.  The fact that there always have been vice, and will
  continue to exist as long as human beings remain human is often
2. PROSTITUTION AND VAGRANCY used as arguments for non-enforcement or for the repeal of moral
A. PROSTITUTE- A woman who habitually indulges in sexual legislation. If this argument were valid, then laws which prohibit
intercourse or lasciviousness conduct for money or profit. theft and murder should be repealed and the police should make
Hence, one sexual intercourse with a man for money or profit no effort to apprehend thieves and murderers because there
does not make a woman prostitute.  And several intercourses with always have been and always will be such criminals.
different men do not make her a prostitute, if there is no evidence Public officials who share large profits out of vice attempt to gain
that she indulge in sexual intercourse for money or profit. their objectives by influencing the police to relax their control.
  Sometimes this is accomplished through budgetary and legislative
B. VAGRANT- Are persons who habitually associates with control by depriving them of essential under funds. Businessmen
prostitutes, maintainer of a house of prostitution, pimps, -idle or who indirectly participated in vice, profits by providing needed
dissolute person who lodges in the house of ill-fame, ruffians, services, would not like that vice be stamped out in the
person having no apparent means of subsistence, has the community, to the extent of using the local press to ridicule the
capability to work but fails to apply for a lawful calling and any police. Only citizens who have no monetary interest in vice and
person loitering around without visible means of support. who are civic minded are usually in favor of full enforcement of
  vice laws. They are also groups in some community which
PENALTY: believes that the police can and should eradicate all forms of vice,
Any person found guilty of any of the offenses covered by this even though they cannot eliminate stealing, traffic violations and
article shall be punished by arresto menor or a fine not exceeding other offenses.
200 hundred pesos and in case of recidivism, by arresto mayor in  
its medium period to prision correctional in its minimum period or POLICE STAND ON VICE CONTROL
a fine ranging from 200 to 2,000 pesos or both, in the discretion of The correct police stand is to treat all vice offenses like any other
the court. law violations and they should be eliminated or repressed just as
  any other crime.  There should be no compromised or alternatives
3. IMMORAL DOCTRINES, OBSCENE PUBLICATIONS AND but to impose such regulations or prohibition as may be required
EXHIBITIONS AND INDECENT SHOWS by law. A high order of administrative judgment is necessary in
  order that the police may analyze vice problems correctly and
A. OBSCENITY-   Is committed only when there is publicity, even map out a plan which is bets for the community. In the event of
if there is publicity such as in museum or other placer for the sake manpower shortage, operation should be directed in proportion to
as work of arts, them it is not obscenity. The proper test is needs, and not influenced by opinions and community wishes.
whether the motive of the display, as indicated by it, is pure or Campaign against commercialized vice shall be given utmost
impure; or whether it is naturally calculated to excite impure priority because operators of these vices makes a living form the
imaginations; whether the tendency of the matter is to deprave or weakness of the people.  Police efforts are considered
corrupt these whose mind are open to such immoral influences or misdirected when the police in a community full of commercialized
whether or not it shocks the ordinary and common sense of men. vice, dissipate their energy by ferreting out non-commercial vices
Obscenity also include live or in film showing of those which (1) should not be condone, the police should take action against
glorify criminals and condone crimes (2) serves no other purpose flagrant violations. The police should likewise conduct strict
but to satisfy the market for violence, lust or pornography (3) operations against narcotics, liquor, gambling and prostitution
offend any race or religion (4) tent to abet traffic in and use of because they belong to the category of major vices.  Although
prohibited drugs; and (5) are contrary, public order, morals, good laws against major vices have a moral aspect and are frequently
customs, established policies, lawful order, decrees and edicts. unpopular, their violations are continuing offenses in both time
PENALTY: Prision mayor or fine ranging from six thousand or and place; and large profits are provided to gangsters who
twelve thousand pesos, or both such imprisonment and fine. promoted official corruption.
   
4. CRIME AND ALCOHOL SUMMARIES DEFINITIONS OF TERMS IN THE STUDY OF
ETHYL ALCOHOL (ETHANOL) - Is probably the most widely DANGEROUS DRUGS AND DRUGS ABUSE
used psychoactive drug in the world, with the exception of  
caffeine, it is formed by the deliberate fermentation of fruits or 1. ABUSE – Deliberate intake of a drug other than for its intended
foods rich in sugar or starch. This process has been known and purpose, using drugs in excess of its usual dosage.
utilized since the dawn of recorded history.
One of the highly recognized and accepted uses of alcohol is in 2. ADDICT – One who habitually uses drugs, specifically
the easing of social contacts between people. This function of the morphine or heroin, to the extent that cessation causes severe
drug is partly dependent upon its pharmacological actions. physical or psychological trauma or both.
Millions of people drink alcohol beverages habitually as a food

14
3. ADDICTION – Compulsive need for habit – forming drugs. rehabilitation of drug dependents, drug abuse prevention and
community information, research and statistics on the drug
4. ADMINISTER – Any act of introducing any dangerous drug into problem and the retraining of personnel engaged in the
the body of any person, with or without his/her knowledge by aforementioned activities.
injection, inhalation, ingestion or other means of committing any
act of indispensable assistance to a person administering a 18. CONFIRMATORY TEST – An analytical test using a devise,
dangerous drug to himself/herself unless administered by a duly tool or equipment with a different chemical or physical principle
licensed practitioner for the purpose of medication. that is more specific which will validate and confirm the result of
the screening test?
5. ALCOHOL – Are compounds used in perfumes, paints and
many other products? Ethel alcohol (ethanol) is used as a 19. CONTROLLED DELIVERY – An investigative technique of
beverage. As natural substance, Ethel alcohol is formed by the allowing an unlawful or suspect consignment of any dangerous
fermentation that occurs when sugar reacts with yeast. It can be drug and/or controlled precursor and essential chemical,
made by distillation or by fermenting fruits, vegetables, or grains. equipment or paraphernalia or property believed to be derived
directly or indirectly from any offense, to pass into through or out
6. ALCOHOLISM – An illness that is characterized by of the country under the supervision of an authorized officer with a
preoccupation with alcohol loss of control over its consumption. view to gather evidence to identify any person involved in any
dangerous drugs related offense or to facilitate prosecution of that
offense.
7. AMPHETAMINE – Anti – depressant taken to counteract
fatigue, overwhelming attacks of asleep or depression, to obtain a
temporary sense of increased ability or superiority, or to suppress 20. CULTIVATE OR CULTURE – Any act of knowingly planting,
appetite. growing, raising or permitting the planting, growing or raising any
plant which is the source of dangerous drugs.
8. BARBITURATE – Drugs used to induce sleep in persons
plagued with anxiety, mental stress and insomnia; it is of value in 21. DANGEROUS DRUGS – All drugs considered Narcotics and
treating epilepsy and hypertension. It was first synthesized in those with psychotropic substances
Germany in 1863 by Nobel Prize winning Chemist Adolph Baeyer.
22. DELIVER – Any act of knowingly passing a dangerous drug to
9. BOARD – Refers to the Dangerous Drugs Board under Sec. another, personally or otherwise.
77, Article IX of RA 9165.
23. DEN, DIVE OR RESORT – A place where any dangerous
10. CAFFEINE – A substance present in small quantities in drugs and/or controlled precursors and essential chemical is
coffee, tea, chocolate, cola drinks and in some wake – up pills. administered, delivered, stored for illegal purposes, distributed,
sold or used in any form.
11. CANNABIS – Exhibits some of the characteristics of
hallucinogens, depressants and even stimulants; its lawful use (in 24. DEPRESSANT – Drug capable of inhibiting normal activity of
the liquid form of THC, its psycho – active ingredient) is limited to nerves and skeletal, smooth and heart muscles. This category
the treatment of glaucoma and to reduce some of the side effects includes alcohol, barbiturates, sedatives/tranquilizers and
of cancer chemotherapy. narcotics.

12. CHEMICAL ABUSE - It is an instance when the use of 25. DISPENSE – Any act of giving away, selling or distributing
chemical has produce negative or harmful consequence. medicine or any dangerous drug with or without the use of
prescription.
13. CHEMICAL DIVERSION – The sale, distribution, supply or
transport of legitimately imported, in transit, manufactured or 26. DRUG – It is a chemical substance other than food and water
procured controlled precursors and essential chemicals, in diluted that is intended to be taken or administered for the purpose of
mixtures or in concentrated form. altering, sustaining or controlling recipient’s physical, mental or
emotional state.
14. CLANDESTINE LABORATORY – Any facility used for the
illegal manufacture of any dangerous drugs and/or controlled 27. DRUG ABUSE – It is the illegal, wrongful or improper use of
precursors and essential chemical. any drug.

15. COCAINE – A stimulant contracted from the dried leaves of 28. DRUG ABUSER – One who deliberately takes a chemical
the coca plant. It is classified under the law as Narcotics because substance for a purpose other than its intended use in a manner
it mimics narcotics in its anti-social effects. that can have a detrimental effect on his health or his ability to
function
16. CODEINE – One of the opiates, which is used as a pain killer.
It is obtained from juices of the unripe pod of a white poppy. It is 29. DRUG ADDICTION –It refers to the state of periodic or
similar to morphine although its effects are much milder. chronic intoxication produced by the repeated consumption of a
drug.
17. COMPREHENSIVE DRUGS ACT OF 2002 – A law that
provides for the control of dangerous drugs, treatment and A. Using drugs without doctor’s prescription

15
B. Using drugs in excess of its usual dosage 42. NICOTINE – An active component of tobacco, which acts as a
powerful stimulant of the central nervous system. A drop of pure
C. Knowingly or unknowingly using a drug for other than its nicotine when injected can easily kill a person; its usual effects
intended purpose include increased salivation, heart rate, blood pressure and
respiration.
43. OPIUM – refers to the coagulated juice of the opium poppy
D. Taking drugs that have no therapeutic value and intended only (Papaver somniferum I.) and embraces every kind, class and
for research purposes. character of opium, whether crude or prepared; the ashes or
refuse of the same; narcotic preparations thereof or therefrom;
30. DRUG ABUSER – One who deliberately takes a chemical morphine or any alkaloid of opium; preparations in which opium,
substance for a purpose other than its intended use in a manner morphine or any alkaloid of opium enters as an ingredient; opium
that can have a detrimental effect on his health or his ability to poppy; opium poppy straw; and leaves or wrappings of opium
function. leaves, whether prepared for use or not.
44. PDEA – refers the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency under
31. DRUG DEPENDENCE – It refers to the state of psychic or Sec. 82, Art. IX of RA 9165.
physical dependence or both on dangerous drugs following the 45. PHYSICAL DEPENDENCE – a condition when a person
administration or use of that drug. WHO defines it as the periodic, cannot function without drug in his system. Without the drug, one
continuous and repeated administration of a drug. develops the withdrawal signs namely restlessness, pain,
convulsions and others.
46. PLANTING OF EVIDENCE – the willful act of any person of
32. DRUG HABITUATION – is the psychological desire to repeat maliciously and surreptitiously inserting, placing, adding, or
the use of a drug intermittently or continuously for emotional attaching directly or indirectly, through any covert or overt act,
reasons. whatever quantity of any dangerous drug and / or controlled
precursor and essential chemical in the person, house, effects, or
33. DRUG SYNDICATE – any organized group of two (2) or more in the immediate vicinity of an innocent individual for the purpose
persons forming or joining together with the intention of of implicating, incriminating or imputing the commission of any
committing any offense prescribed by RA 9165. violation under RA 9165.
47. POSEUR BUYER – A member of a buy busting team who
clandestinely operate as buyer of stuff.
34. HALLUCINOGEN – constitutes a variety of mind-altering
48. PROHIBITED DRUGS – any chemical substance which
drugs, which distorts reality, thinking and perception of time,
affects a person in such a way as to bring about physiological;
sound, space and sensation.
emotional and behavioral change. It include opium and its active
components and derivatives principally cocaine, alpha and beta
35. ILLEGAL TRAFFICKING – The illegal cultivation, culture, cocaine, hallucinogenic drugs such as mescaline, lysergic acid
delivery, administration, dispensation, manufacture, sale, trading, diethylamide (LSD) and other substances producing similar
transportation, distribution, importation, exportation and effects, Indian herbs (marijuana) and its derivatives.
possession of any dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor 49. PROTECTOR/CODDLER – any person who knowingly and
and essential chemical. willfully consents to the unlawful acts provided for under the act
and uses his/her influence, power or position in shielding,
36. INHALANTS – a diverse group of chemicals that produce harboring, screening or facilitating the escape of person she/he
vapors that when inhaled can produce intoxication similar to that knows or has reasonable grounds to believe on or suspects, has
of alcohol. Example: glue, paint thinner, hair spray and essential violated the provision of the act in order to prevent the arrest,
chemical. prosecution and conviction of the violator.
50. PSYCHIC DEPENDENCE – a condition in which a drug
produces a feeling of satisfaction and psychic drive that require
37. KETAMINE – is an associative anesthetic that is similar to
periodic or continuous administration of the drug to produce
PCP (Phencyclidine) but produces less confession, irrationally
pleasure or to avoid discomfort.
and violence.
51. PSYCHOLOGICAL DEPENDENCE – an attachment to drug
38. MARIJUANA – The commonly accepted name for the plant
use or a condition when a person devote considerable time and
“cannabis stiva.” The parts consumed are the flowers, particularly
effort in obtaining the drug thinking about it, using or discussing it
the tops, stems, and leaves. These plants are dried, shredded,
to meet the problems, the so-called escape from reality.
cleaned and indigested for their psychedelic effects. The parts of
52. PUSHER – any person who sells, administers, delivers, or
the flower are rolled into a cigarette, smoked in a pipe, brewed as
gives away to another; distributes, transport any dangerous drug
a tea, or baked into a cookie and eaten.
or who acts a broker in any of such transactions in violation of the
39. METHYLENEDIOXYMETHAMPHETAMINE (MMDA OR
act.
ECSTASY) – refers to the drug having such chemical
53. PARANOIA – a form of psychosis in which a person imagines
composition, including any of its isomers or derivatives in any
that he is being persecuted or that he is very great or important.
form.
54. PARANOID SCHIZOPHRENIC – a person who has a
40. METHAMPHETAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE “SHABU”, “ICE”
psychosis resembling paranoia, however usually displays
OR “METH” – refers to the drug having such chemical
hallucinations and a deterioration of behavior.
composition, including any of its isomers or derivatives in any
55. PSYCHOSIS – a fundamental mental derangement,
form.
characterized by a loss of contact with reality.
41. NARCOTIC DRUG – Any drug, which produces insensibility,
56. NEUROTIC – a personality disorder characterized by low self-
stupor, mentally or dullness of mind with delusions, and which
esteem, excessive anxiety.
may be habit forming, like opium, opium derivatives and synthetic
57. SCREENING TEST – a rapid test performed to establish
opiates.
potential/presumptive positive result.

16
58. SELL – any act of giving away any dangerous drug and/or diluted, mixtures or in concentrated form, to any person or entity
controlled precursor and essential chemical whether for money or engaged in the manufacture of any dangerous drug, and shall
from any other consideration.
  include packaging, repackaging, labeling, relabeling or
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9165 JUNE 7, 2002 concealment of such transaction through fraud, destruction of
AN ACT INSTITUTING THE COMPREHENSIVE DANGEROUS documents, fraudulent use of permits, misdeclaration, use of front
DRUGS ACT OF 2002, REPEALING REPUBLIC ACT NO. 6425, companies or mail fraud.
OTHERWISE KNOWN AS THE DANGEROUS DRUGS ACT OF (E) CLANDESTINE LABORATORY. – Any facility used for the
1972, AS AMENDED, PROVIDING FUNDS THEREFOR, AND illegal manufacture of any dangerous drug and/or controlled
FOR OTHER PURPOSES precursor and essential chemical.
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. –  THIS ACT SHALL BE KNOWN (F) CONFIRMATORY TEST. – An analytical test using a device,
AND CITED AS THE "COMPREHENSIVE DANGEROUS tool or equipment with a different chemical or physical principle
DRUGS ACT OF 2002". that is more specific which will validate and confirm the result of
the screening test?
SECTION 2. DECLARATION OF POLICY. – It is the policy of the (G) CONTROLLED DELIVERY. – The investigative technique of
State to safeguard the integrity of its territory and the well-being of allowing an unlawful or suspect consignment of any dangerous
its citizenry particularly the youth, from the harmful effects of drug and/or controlled precursor and essential chemical,
dangerous drugs on their physical and mental well-being, and to equipment or paraphernalia, or property believed to be derived
defend the same against acts or omissions detrimental to their directly or indirectly from any offense, to pass into, through or out
development and preservation. In view of the foregoing, the State of the country under the supervision of an authorized officer, with
needs to enhance further the efficacy of the law against a view to gathering evidence to identify any person involved in
dangerous drugs, it being one of today's more serious social ills. any dangerous drugs related offense, or to facilitate prosecution
Toward this end, the government shall pursue an intensive and of that offense.
unrelenting campaign against the trafficking and use of dangerous (H) CONTROLLED PRECURSORS AND ESSENTIAL
drugs and other similar substances through an integrated system CHEMICALS. – Include those listed in Tables I and II of the 1988
of planning, implementation and enforcement of anti-drug abuse UN Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and
policies, programs, and projects. The government shall however Psychotropic Substances as enumerated in the attached annex,
aim to achieve a balance in the national drug control program so which is an integral part of this Act.
that people with legitimate medical needs are not prevented from (I) CULTIVATE OR CULTURE. – Any act of knowingly planting,
being treated with adequate amounts of appropriate medications, growing, raising, or permitting the planting, growing or raising of
which include the use of dangerous drugs. any plant which is the source of a dangerous drug.
It is further declared the policy of the State to provide effective (J) DANGEROUS DRUGS. – Include those listed in the
mechanisms or measures to re-integrate into society individuals Schedules annexed to the 1961 Single Convention on Narcotic
who have fallen victims to drug abuse or dangerous drug Drugs, as amended by the 1972 Protocol, and in the Schedules
dependence through sustainable programs of treatment and annexed to the 1971 Single Convention on Psychotropic
rehabilitation. Substances as enumerated in the attached annex which is an
  integral part of this Act.
ARTICLE I (K) DELIVER. – Any act of knowingly passing a dangerous drug
DEFINITION OF TERMS to another, personally or otherwise, and by any means, with or
  without consideration.
SECTION 3. DEFINITIONS. AS USED IN THIS ACT, THE (L) DEN, DIVE OR RESORT. – A place where any dangerous
FOLLOWING TERMS SHALL MEAN: drug and/or controlled precursor and essential chemical is
(A) ADMINISTER. – Any act of introducing any dangerous drug administered, delivered, stored for illegal purposes, distributed,
into the body of any person, with or without his/her knowledge, by sold or used in any form.
injection, inhalation, ingestion or other means, or of committing (M) DISPENSE. – Any act of giving away, selling or distributing
any act of indispensable assistance to a person in administering a medicine or any dangerous drug with or without the use of
dangerous drug to himself/herself unless administered by a duly prescription.
licensed practitioner for purposes of medication. (N) DRUG DEPENDENCE. – As based on the World Health
(B) BOARD. - Refers to the Dangerous Drugs Board under Organization definition, it is a cluster of physiological, behavioral
Section 77, Article IX of this Act. and cognitive phenomena of variable intensity, in which the use of
(C) CENTERS. - Any of the treatment and rehabilitation centers psychoactive drug takes on a high priority thereby involving,
for drug dependents referred to in Section 34, Article VIII of this among others, a strong desire or a sense of compulsion to take
Act. the substance and the difficulties in controlling substance-taking
(D) CHEMICAL DIVERSION. – The sale, distribution, supply or behavior in terms of its onset, termination, or levels of use.
transport of legitimately imported, in-transit, manufactured or
procured controlled precursors and essential chemicals, in

17
(O) DRUG SYNDICATE. – Any organized group of two (2) or (W) METHYLENEDIOXYMETHAMPHETAMINE (MDMA) OR
more persons forming or joining together with the intention of COMMONLY KNOWN AS "ECSTASY", OR BY IT’S ANY OTHER
committing any offense prescribed under this Act. NAME. – Refers to the drug having such chemical composition,
(P) EMPLOYEE OF DEN, DIVE OR RESORT. – The caretaker, including any of its isomers or derivatives in any form.
helper, watchman, lookout, and other persons working in the den, (X) METHAMPHETAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE OR COMMONLY
dive or resort, employed by the maintainer, owner and/or operator KNOWN AS "SHABU", "ICE", "METH", OR BY IT’S ANY OTHER
where any dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor and NAME. – Refers to the drug having such chemical composition,
essential chemical is administered, delivered, distributed, sold or including any of its isomers or derivatives in any form.
used, with or without compensation, in connection with the (Y) OPIUM. – Refers to the coagulated juice of the opium poppy
operation thereof. (PAPAVER SOMNIFERUM L.) and embraces every kind, class
(Q) FINANCIER. – Any person who pays for, raises or supplies and character of opium, whether crude or prepared; the ashes or
money for, or underwrites any of the illegal activities prescribed refuse of the same; narcotic preparations thereof or therefrom;
under this Act. morphine or any alkaloid of opium; preparations in which opium,
(R) ILLEGAL TRAFFICKING. – The illegal cultivation, culture, morphine or any alkaloid of opium enters as an ingredient; opium
delivery, administration, dispensation, manufacture, sale, trading, poppy; opium poppy straw; and leaves or wrappings of opium
transportation, distribution, importation, exportation and leaves, whether prepared for use or not.
possession of any dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor  
and essential chemical.  
(S) INSTRUMENT. – Anything that is used in or intended to be (AA) PDEA. – Refers to the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency
used in any manner in the commission of illegal drug trafficking or under Section 82, Article IX of this Act.
related offenses. (BB) PERSON. – Any entity, natural or juridical, including among
(T) LABORATORY EQUIPMENT. – The paraphernalia, others, a corporation, partnership, trust or estate, joint stock
apparatus, materials or appliances when used, intended for use company, association, syndicate, joint venture or other
or designed for use in the manufacture of any dangerous drug unincorporated organization or group capable of acquiring rights
and/or controlled precursor and essential chemical, such as or entering into obligations.
reaction vessel, preparative/purifying equipment, fermenters, (CC) PLANTING OF EVIDENCE. – The willful act by any person
separatory funnel, flask, heating mantle, gas generator, or their of maliciously and surreptitiously inserting, placing, adding or
substitute. attaching directly or indirectly, through any overt or covert act,
(U) MANUFACTURE. – The production, preparation, whatever quantity of any dangerous drug and/or controlled
compounding or processing of any dangerous drug and/or precursor and essential chemical in the person, house, effects or
controlled precursor and essential chemical, either directly or in the immediate vicinity of an innocent individual for the purpose
indirectly or by extraction from substances of natural origin, or of implicating, incriminating or imputing the commission of any
independently by means of chemical synthesis or by a violation of this Act.
combination of extraction and chemical synthesis, and shall (DD) PRACTITIONER. – Any person who is a licensed physician,
include any packaging or repackaging of such substances, design dentist, chemist, medical technologist, nurse, midwife,
or configuration of its form, or labeling or relabeling of its veterinarian or pharmacist in the Philippines.
container; except that such terms do not include the preparation, (EE) PROTECTOR/CODDLER. – Any person who knowingly and
compounding, packaging or labeling of a drug or other willfully consents to the unlawful acts provided for in this Act and
substances by a duly authorized practitioner as an incident to uses his/her influence, power or position in shielding, harboring,
his/her administration or dispensation of such drug or substance screening or facilitating the escape of any person he/she knows,
in the course of his/her professional practice including research, or has reasonable grounds to believe on or suspects, has violated
teaching and chemical analysis of dangerous drugs or such the provisions of this Act in order to prevent the arrest,
substances that are not intended for sale or for any other prosecution and conviction of the violator.
purpose. (FF) PUSHER. – Any person who sells, trades, administers,
  dispenses, delivers or gives away to another, on any terms
(V) CANNABIS OR COMMONLY KNOWN AS "MARIJUANA" OR whatsoever, or distributes, dispatches in transit or transports
"INDIAN HEMP" OR BY IT’S ANY OTHER NAME. – Embraces dangerous drugs or who acts as a broker in any of such
every kind, class, genus, or specie of the plant CANNABIS transactions, in violation of this Act.
SATIVA L.  including, but not limited to, CANNABIS (GG) SCHOOL. – Any educational institution, private or public,
AMERICANA, HASHISH, BHANG, GUAZA, undertaking educational operation for pupils/students pursuing
CHURRUS AND GANJAB, and embraces every kind, class and certain studies at defined levels, receiving instructions from
character of marijuana, whether dried or fresh and flowering, teachers, usually located in a building or a group of buildings in a
flowering or fruiting tops, or any part or portion of the plant and particular physical or cyber site.
seeds thereof, and all its geographic varieties, whether as a (HH) SCREENING TEST. – A rapid test performed to establish
reefer, resin, extract, tincture or in any form whatsoever. potential/presumptive positive result.

18
(II) SELL. – Any act of giving away any dangerous drug and/or CHEMICALS. - The penalty of life imprisonment to death and a
controlled precursor and essential chemical whether for money or fine ranging from Five hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00) to
any other consideration. Ten million pesos (P10,000,000.00) shall be imposed upon any
(JJ) TRADING. – Transactions involving the illegal trafficking of person, who, unless authorized by law, shall sell, trade,
dangerous drugs and/or controlled precursors and essential administer, dispense, deliver, give away to another, distribute
chemicals using electronic devices such as, but not limited to, text dispatch in transit or transport any dangerous drug, including any
messages, email, mobile or landlines, two-way radios, internet, and all species of opium poppy regardless of the quantity and
instant messengers and chat rooms or acting as a broker in any purity involved, or shall act as a broker in any of such
of such transactions whether for money or any other transactions.
consideration in violation of this Act. The penalty of imprisonment ranging from twelve (12) years and
(KK) USE. – Any act of injecting, intravenously or intramuscularly, one (1) day to twenty (20) years and a fine ranging from One
of consuming, either by chewing, smoking, sniffing, eating, hundred thousand pesos (P100,000.00) to Five hundred thousand
swallowing, drinking or otherwise introducing into the pesos (P500,000.00) shall be imposed upon any person, who,
physiological system of the body, and of the dangerous drugs. unless authorized by law, shall sell, trade, administer, dispense,
  deliver, give away to another, distribute, dispatch in transit or
ARTICLE II transport any controlled precursor and essential chemical, or shall
UNLAWFUL ACTS AND PENALTIES act as a broker in such transactions. If the sale, trading,
SECTION 4. IMPORTATION OF DANGEROUS DRUGS AND/OR administration, dispensation, delivery, distribution or
CONTROLLED PRECURSORS AND ESSENTIAL transportation of any dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor
CHEMICALS.- .The penalty of life imprisonment to death and a and essential chemical transpires within one hundred (100)
ranging from Five hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00) to Ten meters from the school, the maximum penalty shall be imposed in
million pesos (P10,000,000.00) shall be imposed upon any every case. For drug pushers who use minors or mentally
person, who, unless authorized by law, shall import or bring into incapacitated individuals as runners, couriers and messengers, or
the Philippines any dangerous drug, regardless of the quantity in any other capacity directly connected to the dangerous drugs
and purity involved, including any and all species of opium poppy and/or controlled precursors and essential chemical trade, the
or any part thereof or substances derived therefrom even for maximum penalty shall be imposed in every case. If the victim of
floral, decorative and culinary purposes. The penalty of the offense is a minor or a mentally incapacitated individual, or
imprisonment ranging from twelve (12) years and one (1) day to should a dangerous drug and/or a controlled precursor and
twenty (20) years and a fine ranging from One hundred thousand essential chemical involved in any offense herein provided be the
pesos (P100,000.00) to Five hundred thousand pesos proximate cause of death of a victim thereof, the maximum
(P500,000.00) shall be imposed upon any person, who, unless penalty provided for under this Section shall be imposed. The
authorized by law, shall import any controlled precursor and maximum penalty provided for under this Section shall be
essential chemical. imposed upon any person who organizes, manages or acts as a
The maximum penalty provided for under this Section shall be "financier" of any of the illegal activities prescribed in this Section.
imposed upon any person, who, unless authorized under this Act, The penalty of twelve (12) years and one (1) day to twenty (20)
shall import or bring into the Philippines any dangerous drug years of imprisonment and a fine ranging from One hundred
and/or controlled precursor and essential chemical through the thousand pesos (P100,000.00) to Five hundred thousand pesos
use of a diplomatic passport, diplomatic facilities or any other (P500,000.00) shall be imposed upon any person, who acts as a
means involving his/her official status intended to facilitate the "protector/coddler" of any violator of the provisions under this
unlawful entry of the same. In addition, the diplomatic passport Section.
shall be confiscated and canceled.  
The maximum penalty provided for under this Section shall be SECTION 6. MAINTENANCE OF A DEN, DIVE OR RESORT.
imposed upon any person, who organizes, manages or acts as a - The penalty of life imprisonment to death and a fine ranging from
"financier" of any of the illegal activities prescribed in this Section. Five hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00) to Ten million pesos
The penalty of twelve (12) years and one (1) day to twenty (20) (P10,000,000.00) shall be imposed upon any person or group of
years of imprisonment and a fine ranging from One hundred persons who shall maintain a den, dive or resort where any
thousand pesos (P100,000.00) to Five hundred thousand pesos dangerous drug is used or sold in any form.
(P500,000.00) shall be imposed upon any person, who acts as a The penalty of imprisonment ranging from twelve (12) years and
"protector/coddler" of any violator of the provisions under this one (1) day to twenty (20) years and a fine ranging from One
Section. hundred thousand pesos (P100, 000.00) to Five hundred
thousand pesos (P500, 000.00) shall be imposed upon any
SECTION 5. SALE, TRADING, ADMINISTRATION,
person or group of persons who shall maintain a den, dive, or
DISPENSATION, DELIVERY, DISTRIBUTION AND
resort where any controlled precursor and essential chemical is
TRANSPORTATION OF DANGEROUS DRUGS AND/OR
used or sold in any form.
CONTROLLED PRECURSORS AND ESSENTIAL

19
The maximum penalty provided for under this Section shall be laboratory is undertaken or established under the following
imposed in every case where any dangerous drug is circumstances:
administered, delivered or sold to a minor who is allowed to use (A) Any phase of the manufacturing process was conducted in the
the same in such a place. presence or with the help of minor/s:
Should any dangerous drug be the proximate cause of the death (B) Any phase or manufacturing process was established or
of a person using the same in such den, dive or resort, the undertaken within one hundred (100) meters of a residential,
penalty of death and a fine ranging from One million business, church or school premises;
(P1,000,000.00) to Fifteen million pesos (P500,000.00) shall be (C) Any clandestine laboratory was secured or protected with
imposed on the maintainer, owner and/or operator. booby traps;
If such den, dive or resort is owned by a third person, the same (D) Any clandestine laboratory was concealed with legitimate
shall be confiscated and escheated in favor of the business operations; or
government: Provided, That the criminal complaint shall (E) Any employment of a practitioner, chemical engineer, public
specifically allege that such place is intentionally used in the official or foreigner.
furtherance of the crime: Provided, further, That the prosecution The maximum penalty provided for under this Section shall be
shall prove such intent on the part of the owner to use the imposed upon any person, who organizes, manages or acts as a
property for such purpose: Provided, finally, That the owner shall "financier" of any of the illegal activities prescribed in this Section.
be included as an accused in the criminal complaint. The penalty of twelve (12) years and one (1) day to twenty (20)
The maximum penalty provided for under this Section shall be years of imprisonment and a fine ranging from One hundred
imposed upon any person who organizes, manages or acts as a thousand pesos (P100,000.00) to Five hundred thousand pesos
"financier" of any of the illegal activities prescribed in this Section. (P500,000.00) shall be imposed upon any person, who acts as a
The penalty twelve (12) years and one (1) day to twenty (20) "protector/coddler" of any violator of the provisions under this
years of imprisonment and a fine ranging from One hundred Section.
thousand pesos (P100,000.00) to Five hundred thousand pesos
SECTION 9. ILLEGAL CHEMICAL DIVERSION OF
(P500,000.00) shall be imposed upon any person, who acts as a
CONTROLLED PRECURSORS AND ESSENTIAL CHEMICALS.
"protector/coddler" of any violator of the provisions under this
- The penalty of imprisonment ranging from twelve (12) years and
Section.
one (1) day to twenty (20) years and a fine ranging from One
SECTION 7. EMPLOYEES AND VISITORS OF A DEN, DIVE OR
hundred thousand pesos (P100,000.00) to Five hundred thousand
RESORT. - The penalty of imprisonment ranging from twelve (12)
pesos (P500,000.00) shall be imposed upon any person, who,
years and one (1) day to twenty (20) years and a fine ranging
unless authorized by law, shall illegally divert any controlled
from One hundred thousand pesos (P100,000.00) to Five
precursor and essential chemical.
hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00) shall be imposed upon:
(A) Any employee of a den, dive or resort, who is aware of the SECTION 10. MANUFACTURE OR DELIVERY OF EQUIPMENT,
nature of the place as such; and INSTRUMENT, APPARATUS, AND OTHER PARAPHERNALIA
(B) Any person who, not being included in the provisions of the FOR DANGEROUS DRUGS AND/OR CONTROLLED
next preceding, paragraph, is aware of the nature of the place as PRECURSORS AND ESSENTIAL CHEMICALS. - The penalty of
such and shall knowingly visit the same. imprisonment ranging from twelve (12) years and one (1) day to
  twenty (20) years and a fine ranging from One hundred thousand
SECTION 8. MANUFACTURE OF DANGEROUS DRUGS pesos (P100,000.00) to Five hundred thousand pesos
AND/OR CONTROLLED PRECURSORS AND ESSENTIAL (P500,000.00) shall be imposed upon any person who shall
CHEMICALS. - The penalty of life imprisonment to death and a deliver, possess with intent to deliver, or manufacture with intent
fine ranging Five hundred thousand pesos (P500, 000.00) to Ten to deliver equipment, instrument, apparatus and other
million pesos (P10, 000,000.00) shall be imposed upon any paraphernalia for dangerous drugs, knowing, or under
person, who, unless authorized by law, shall engage in the circumstances where one reasonably should know, that it will be
manufacture of any dangerous drug. used to plant, propagate, cultivate, grow, harvest, manufacture,
The penalty of imprisonment ranging from twelve (12) years and compound, convert, produce, process, prepare, test, analyze,
one (1) day to twenty (20) years and a fine ranging from One pack, repack, store, contain or conceal any dangerous drug
hundred thousand pesos (P100,000.00) to Five hundred thousand and/or controlled precursor and essential chemical in violation of
pesos (P500,000.00) shall be imposed upon any person, who, this Act.
unless authorized by law, shall manufacture any controlled The penalty of imprisonment ranging from six (6) months and one
precursor and essential chemical. (1) day to four (4) years and a fine ranging from Ten thousand
The presence of any controlled precursor and essential chemical pesos (P10,000.00) to Fifty thousand pesos (P50,000.00) shall be
or laboratory equipment in the clandestine laboratory is a prima imposed if it will be used to inject, ingest, inhale or otherwise
facie proof of manufacture of any dangerous drug. It shall be introduce into the human body a dangerous drug in violation of
considered an aggravating circumstance if the clandestine this Act.

20
The maximum penalty provided for under this Section shall be marijuana resin or marijuana resin oil, methamphetamine
imposed upon any person, who uses a minor or a mentally hydrochloride or "shabu", or other dangerous drugs such as, but
incapacitated individual to deliver such equipment, instrument, not limited to, MDMA or "ecstasy", PMA, TMA, LSD, GHB, and
apparatus and other paraphernalia for dangerous drugs. those similarly designed or newly introduced drugs and their
  derivatives, without having any therapeutic value or if the quantity
SECTION 11. POSSESSION OF DANGEROUS DRUGS. - The possessed is far beyond therapeutic requirements; or less than
penalty of life imprisonment to death and a fine ranging from Five three hundred (300) grams of marijuana.
hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00) to Ten million pesos
SECTION 12. POSSESSION OF EQUIPMENT, INSTRUMENT,
(P10,000,000.00) shall be imposed upon any person, who, unless
APPARATUS AND OTHER PARAPHERNALIA FOR
authorized by law, shall possess any dangerous drug in the
DANGEROUS DRUGS. -The penalty of imprisonment ranging
following quantities, regardless of the degree of purity thereof:
from six (6) months and one (1) day to four (4) years and a fine
(1) 10 grams or more of opium;
ranging from Ten thousand pesos (P10,000.00) to Fifty thousand
(2) 10 grams or more of morphine;
pesos (P50,000.00) shall be imposed upon any person, who,
(3) 10 grams or more of heroin;
unless authorized by law, shall possess or have under his/her
(4) 10 grams or more of cocaine or cocaine hydrochloride;
control any equipment, instrument, apparatus and other
(5) 50 grams or more of methamphetamine hydrochloride or
paraphernalia fit or intended for smoking, consuming,
"shabu";
administering, injecting, ingesting, or introducing any dangerous
(6) 10 grams or more of marijuana resin or marijuana resin oil;
drug into the body: Provided, That in the case of medical
(7) 500 grams or more of marijuana; and
practitioners and various professionals who are required to carry
(8) 10 grams or more of other dangerous drugs such as, but not
such equipment, instrument, apparatus and other paraphernalia in
limited to, methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDA) or "ecstasy",
the practice of their profession, the Board shall prescribe the
paramethoxyamphetamine (PMA), trimethoxyamphetamine
necessary implementing guidelines thereof.
(TMA), lysergic acid diethylamine (LSD), gamma
The possession of such equipment, instrument, apparatus and
hydroxyamphetamine (GHB), and those similarly designed or
other paraphernalia fit or intended for any of the purposes
newly introduced drugs and their derivatives, without having any
enumerated in the preceding paragraph shall be prima
therapeutic value or if the quantity possessed is far beyond
facie evidence that the possessor has smoked, consumed,
therapeutic requirements, as determined and promulgated by the
administered to himself/herself, injected, ingested or used a
Board in accordance to Section 93, Article XI of this Act.
dangerous drug and shall be presumed to have violated Section
OTHERWISE, IF THE QUANTITY INVOLVED IS LESS THAN
15 of this Act.
THE FOREGOING QUANTITIES, THE PENALTIES SHALL BE
SECTION 13. POSSESSION OF DANGEROUS DRUGS
GRADUATED AS FOLLOWS:
DURING PARTIES, SOCIAL GATHERINGS OR MEETINGS.
(1) Life imprisonment and a fine ranging from Four hundred
– Any person found possessing any dangerous drug during a
thousand pesos (P400, 000.00) to Five hundred thousand pesos
party, or at a social gathering or meeting, or in the proximate
(P500, 000.00), if the quantity of methamphetamine hydrochloride
company of at least two (2) persons, shall suffer the maximum
or "shabu" is ten (10) grams or more but less than fifty (50)
penalties provided for in Section 11 of this Act, regardless of the
grams;
quantity and purity of such dangerous drugs.
(2) Imprisonment of twenty (20) years and one (1) day to life
imprisonment and a fine ranging from Four hundred thousand SECTION 14. POSSESSION OF EQUIPMENT, INSTRUMENT,
pesos (P400,000.00) to Five hundred thousand pesos APPARATUS AND OTHER PARAPHERNALIA FOR
(P500,000.00), if the quantities of dangerous drugs are five (5) DANGEROUS DRUGS DURING PARTIES, SOCIAL
grams or more but less than ten (10) grams of opium, morphine, GATHERINGS OR MEETINGS. - The maximum penalty provided
heroin, cocaine or cocaine hydrochloride, marijuana resin or for in Section 12 of this Act shall be imposed upon any person,
marijuana resin oil, methamphetamine hydrochloride or "shabu", who shall possess or have under his/her control any equipment,
or other dangerous drugs such as, but not limited to, MDMA or instrument, apparatus and other paraphernalia fit or intended for
"ecstasy", PMA, TMA, LSD, GHB, and those similarly designed or smoking, consuming, administering, injecting, ingesting, or
newly introduced drugs and their derivatives, without having any introducing any dangerous drug into the body, during parties,
therapeutic value or if the quantity possessed is far beyond social gatherings or meetings, or in the proximate company of at
therapeutic requirements; or three hundred (300) grams or more least two (2) persons.
but less than five (hundred) 500) grams of marijuana; and SECTION 15. USE OF DANGEROUS DRUGS. – A person
(3) Imprisonment of twelve (12) years and one (1) day to twenty apprehended or arrested, who is found to be positive for use of
(20) years and a fine ranging from Three hundred thousand pesos any dangerous drug, after a confirmatory test, shall be imposed a
(P300,000.00) to Four hundred thousand pesos (P400,000.00), if penalty of a minimum of six (6) months rehabilitation in a
the quantities of dangerous drugs are less than five (5) grams of government center for the first offense, subject to the provisions
opium, morphine, heroin, cocaine or cocaine hydrochloride, of Article VIII of this Act. If apprehended using any dangerous
drug for the second time, he/she shall suffer the penalty of

21
imprisonment ranging from six (6) years and one (1) day to twelve Five hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00) and the additional
(12) years and a fine ranging from Fifty thousand pesos penalty of the revocation of his/her license to practice shall be
(P50,000.00) to Two hundred thousand pesos imposed upon the practitioner, who shall prescribe any dangerous
(P200,000.00): Provided, That this Section shall not be applicable drug to any person whose physical or physiological condition
where the person tested is also found to have in his/her does not require the use or in the dosage prescribed therein, as
possession such quantity of any dangerous drug provided for determined by the Board in consultation with recognized
under Section 11 of this Act, in which case the provisions stated competent experts who are authorized representatives of
therein shall apply. professional organizations of practitioners, particularly those who
are involved in the care of persons with severe pain.
SECTION 16. CULTIVATION OR CULTURE OF PLANTS
CLASSIFIED AS DANGEROUS DRUGS OR ARE SOURCES SECTION 19. UNLAWFUL PRESCRIPTION OF DANGEROUS
THEREOF. - The penalty of life imprisonment to death and a fine DRUGS. – The penalty of life imprisonment to death and a fine
ranging from Five hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00) to Ten ranging from Five hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00) to Ten
million pesos (P10,000,000.00) shall be imposed upon any million pesos (P10,000,000.00) shall be imposed upon any
person, who shall plant, cultivate or culture marijuana, opium person, who, unless authorized by law, shall make or issue a
poppy or any other plant regardless of quantity, which is or may prescription or any other writing purporting to be a prescription for
hereafter be classified as a dangerous drug or as a source from any dangerous drug.
which any dangerous drug may be manufactured or
SECTION 20. CONFISCATION AND FORFEITURE OF THE
derived: Provided, That in the case of medical laboratories and
PROCEEDS OR INSTRUMENTS OF THE UNLAWFUL ACT,
medical research centers which cultivate or culture marijuana,
INCLUDING THE PROPERTIES OR PROCEEDS DERIVED
opium poppy and other plants, or materials of such dangerous
FROM THE ILLEGAL TRAFFICKING OF DANGEROUS DRUGS
drugs for medical experiments and research purposes, or for the
AND/OR PRECURSORS AND ESSENTIAL CHEMICALS.
creation of new types of medicine, the Board shall prescribe the
– Every penalty imposed for the unlawful importation, sale,
necessary implementing guidelines for the proper cultivation,
trading, administration, dispensation, delivery, distribution,
culture, handling, experimentation and disposal of such plants
transportation or manufacture of any dangerous drug and/or
and materials.
controlled precursor and essential chemical, the cultivation or
The land or portions thereof and/or greenhouses on which any of
culture of plants which are sources of dangerous drugs, and the
said plants is cultivated or cultured shall be confiscated and
possession of any equipment, instrument, apparatus and other
escheated in favor of the State, unless the owner thereof can
paraphernalia for dangerous drugs including other laboratory
prove lack of knowledge of such cultivation or culture despite the
equipment, shall carry with it the confiscation and forfeiture, in
exercise of due diligence on his/her part. If the land involved is
favor of the government, of all the proceeds and properties
part of the public domain, the maximum penalty provided for
derived from the unlawful act, including, but not limited to, money
under this Section shall be imposed upon the offender.
and other assets obtained thereby, and the instruments or tools
 
with which the particular unlawful act was committed, unless they
 
are the property of a third person not liable for the unlawful act,
SECTION 17. MAINTENANCE AND KEEPING OF ORIGINAL
but those which are not of lawful commerce shall be ordered
RECORDS OF TRANSACTIONS ON DANGEROUS DRUGS
destroyed without delay pursuant to the provisions of Section 21
AND/OR CONTROLLED PRECURSORS AND ESSENTIAL
of this Act.
CHEMICALS. - The penalty of imprisonment ranging from one (1)
After conviction in the Regional Trial Court in the appropriate
year and one (1) day to six (6) years and a fine ranging from Ten
criminal case filed, the Court shall immediately schedule a
thousand pesos (P10,000.00) to Fifty thousand pesos
hearing for the confiscation and forfeiture of all the proceeds of
(P50,000.00) shall be imposed upon any practitioner,
the offense and all the assets and properties of the accused either
manufacturer, wholesaler, importer, distributor, dealer or retailer
owned or held by him or in the name of some other persons if the
who violates or fails to comply with the maintenance and keeping
same shall be found to be manifestly out of proportion to his/her
of the original records of transactions on any dangerous drug
lawful income: Provided, however, That if the forfeited property is
and/or controlled precursor and essential chemical in accordance
a vehicle, the same shall be auctioned off not later than five (5)
with Section 40 of this Act.
days upon order of confiscation or forfeiture.
An additional penalty shall be imposed through the revocation of
During the pendency of the case in the Regional Trial Court, no
the license to practice his/her profession, in case of a practitioner,
property, or income derived therefrom, which may be confiscated
or of the business, in case of a manufacturer, seller, importer,
and forfeited, shall be disposed, alienated or transferred and the
distributor, dealer or retailer.
same shall be in custodia legis and no bond shall be admitted for
SECTION 18. UNNECESSARY PRESCRIPTION OF
the release of the same.
DANGEROUS DRUGS. – The penalty of imprisonment ranging
The proceeds of any sale or disposition of any property
from twelve (12) years and one (1) day to twenty (20) years and a
confiscated or forfeited under this Section shall be used to pay all
fine ranging from One hundred thousand pesos (P100,000.00) to
proper expenses incurred in the proceedings for the confiscation,

22
forfeiture, custody and maintenance of the property pending official. The Board shall draw up the guidelines on the manner of
disposition, as well as expenses for publication and court costs. proper disposition and destruction of such item/s which shall be
The proceeds in excess of the above expenses shall accrue to borne by the offender: Provided, That those item/s of lawful
the Board to be used in its campaign against illegal drugs. commerce, as determined by the Board, shall be donated, used
  or recycled for legitimate purposes: Provided, further, That a
SECTION 21. CUSTODY AND DISPOSITION OF representative sample, duly weighed and recorded is retained;
CONFISCATED, SEIZED, AND/OR SURRENDERED
(5) The Board shall then issue a sworn certification as to the fact
DANGEROUS DRUGS, PLANT SOURCES OF DANGEROUS
of destruction or burning of the subject item/s which, together with
DRUGS, CONTROLLED PRECURSORS AND ESSENTIAL
the representative sample/s in the custody of the PDEA, shall be
CHEMICALS, INSTRUMENTS/PARAPHERNALIA AND/OR
submitted to the court having jurisdiction over the case. In all
LABORATORY EQUIPMENT. – The PDEA shall take charge and
instances, the representative sample/s shall be kept to a minimum
have custody of all dangerous drugs, plant sources of dangerous
quantity as determined by the Board;
drugs, controlled precursors and essential chemicals, as well as
instruments/paraphernalia and/or laboratory equipment so (6) The alleged offender or his/her representative or counsel shall
confiscated, seized and/or surrendered, for proper disposition in be allowed to personally observe all of the above proceedings
the FOLLOWING MANNER: and his/her presence shall not constitute an admission of guilt. In
case the said offender or accused refuses or fails to appoint a
(1) The apprehending team having initial custody and control of
representative after due notice in writing to the accused or his/her
the drugs shall, immediately after seizure and confiscation,
counsel within seventy-two (72) hours before the actual burning or
physically inventory and photograph the same in the presence of
destruction of the evidence in question, the Secretary of Justice
the accused or the person/s from whom such items were
shall appoint a member of the public attorney's office to represent
confiscated and/or seized, or his/her representative or counsel, a
the former;
representative from the media and the Department of Justice
(DOJ), and any elected public official who shall be required to (7) After the promulgation and judgment in the criminal case
sign the copies of the inventory and be given a copy thereof; wherein the representative sample/s was presented as evidence
in court, the trial prosecutor shall inform the Board of the final
(2) Within twenty-four (24) hours upon confiscation/seizure of
termination of the case and, in turn, shall request the court for
dangerous drugs, plant sources of dangerous drugs, controlled
leave to turn over the said representative sample/s to the PDEA
precursors and essential chemicals, as well as
for proper disposition and destruction within twenty-four (24)
instruments/paraphernalia and/or laboratory equipment, the same
hours from receipt of the same; and
shall be submitted to the PDEA Forensic Laboratory for a
qualitative and quantitative examination; (8) Transitory Provision: a) Within twenty-four (24) hours from the
effectivity of this Act, dangerous drugs defined herein which are
(3) A certification of the forensic laboratory examination results,
presently in possession of law enforcement agencies shall, with
which shall be done under oath by the forensic laboratory
leave of court, be burned or destroyed, in the presence of
examiner, shall be issued within twenty-four (24) hours after the
representatives of the Court, DOJ, Department of Health (DOH)
receipt of the subject item/s: Provided, That when the volume of
and the accused/and or his/her counsel, and, b) Pending the
the dangerous drugs, plant sources of dangerous drugs, and
organization of the PDEA, the custody, disposition, and burning or
controlled precursors and essential chemicals does not allow the
destruction of seized/surrendered dangerous drugs provided
completion of testing within the time frame, a partial laboratory
under this Section shall be implemented by the DOH.
examination report shall be provisionally issued stating therein the
quantities of dangerous drugs still to be examined by the forensic SECTION 22. GRANT OF COMPENSATION, REWARD AND
laboratory: Provided, however, That a final certification shall be AWARD. – The Board shall recommend to the concerned
issued on the completed forensic laboratory examination on the government agency the grant of compensation, reward and award
same within the next twenty-four (24) hours; to any person providing information and to law enforcers
participating in the operation, which results in the successful
(4) After the filing of the criminal case, the Court shall, within
confiscation, seizure or surrender of dangerous drugs, plant
seventy-two (72) hours, conduct an ocular inspection of the
sources of dangerous drugs, and controlled precursors and
confiscated, seized and/or surrendered dangerous drugs, plant
essential chemicals.
sources of dangerous drugs, and controlled precursors and
essential chemicals, including the instruments/paraphernalia SECTION 23. PLEA-BARGAINING PROVISION. – Any person
and/or laboratory equipment, and through the PDEA shall within charged under any provision of this Act regardless of the
twenty-four (24) hours thereafter proceed with the destruction or imposable penalty shall not be allowed to avail of the provision on
burning of the same, in the presence of the accused or the plea-bargaining.
person/s from whom such items were confiscated and/or seized, SECTION 24. NON-APPLICABILITY OF THE PROBATION LAW
or his/her representative or counsel, a representative from the FOR DRUG TRAFFICKERS AND PUSHERS. – Any person
media and the DOJ, civil society groups and any elected public convicted for drug trafficking or pushing under this Act, regardless

23
of the penalty imposed by the Court, cannot avail of the privilege subdivisions, and intermediaries, including government-owned or
granted by the Probation Law or Presidential Decree No. 968, as –controlled corporations.
amended. SECTION 28. CRIMINAL LIABILITY OF GOVERNMENT
OFFICIALS AND EMPLOYEES. – The maximum penalties of the
SECTION 25. QUALIFYING AGGRAVATING CIRCUMSTANCES
unlawful acts provided for in this Act shall be imposed, in addition
IN THE COMMISSION OF A CRIME BY AN OFFENDER UNDER
to absolute perpetual disqualification from any public office, if
THE INFLUENCE OF DANGEROUS DRUGS. – Notwithstanding
those found guilty of such unlawful acts are government officials
the provisions of any law to the contrary, a positive finding for the
and employees.
use of dangerous drugs shall be a qualifying aggravating
circumstance in the commission of a crime by an offender, and SECTION 29. CRIMINAL LIABILITY FOR PLANTING OF
the application of the penalty provided for in the Revised Penal EVIDENCE. – Any person who is found guilty of "planting" any
Code shall be applicable. dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor and essential
chemical, regardless of quantity and purity, shall suffer the
SECTION 26. ATTEMPT OR CONSPIRACY. – Any attempt or
penalty of death.
conspiracy to commit the following unlawful acts shall be
penalized by the same penalty prescribed for the commission of SECTION 30. CRIMINAL LIABILITY OF OFFICERS OF
the same as provided under this Act: PARTNERSHIPS, CORPORATIONS, ASSOCIATIONS OR
(A) Importation of any dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor OTHER JURIDICAL ENTITIES. – In case any violation of this Act
and essential chemical; is committed by a partnership, corporation, association or any
(B) Sale, trading, administration, dispensation, delivery, juridical entity, the partner, president, director, manager, trustee,
distribution and transportation of any dangerous drug and/or estate administrator, or officer who consents to or knowingly
controlled precursor and essential chemical; tolerates such violation shall be held criminally liable as a co-
(C) Maintenance of a den, dive or resort where any dangerous principal.
drug is used in any form; The penalty provided for the offense under this Act shall be
(D) Manufacture of any dangerous drug and/or controlled imposed upon the partner, president, director, manager, trustee,
precursor and essential chemical; and estate administrator, or officer who knowingly authorizes,
(E) Cultivation or culture of plants which are sources of dangerous tolerates or consents to the use of a vehicle, vessel, aircraft,
drugs. equipment or other facility, as an instrument in the importation,
  sale, trading, administration, dispensation, delivery, distribution,
SECTION 27. CRIMINAL LIABILITY OF A PUBLIC OFFICER OR transportation or manufacture of dangerous drugs, or chemical
EMPLOYEE FOR MISAPPROPRIATION, MISAPPLICATION OR diversion, if such vehicle, vessel, aircraft, equipment or other
FAILURE TO ACCOUNT FOR THE CONFISCATED, SEIZED instrument is owned by or under the control or supervision of the
AND/OR SURRENDERED DANGEROUS DRUGS, PLANT partnership, corporation, association or juridical entity to which
SOURCES OF DANGEROUS DRUGS, CONTROLLED they are affiliated.
PRECURSORS AND ESSENTIAL CHEMICALS, SECTION 31. ADDITIONAL PENALTY IF OFFENDER IS AN
INSTRUMENTS/PARAPHERNALIA AND/OR LABORATORY ALIEN. – In addition to the penalties prescribed in the unlawful act
EQUIPMENT INCLUDING THE PROCEEDS OR PROPERTIES committed, any alien who violates such provisions of this Act
OBTAINED FROM THE UNLAWFUL ACT COMMITTED. –  The shall, after service of sentence, be deported immediately without
penalty of life imprisonment to death and a fine ranging from Five further proceedings, unless the penalty is death.
hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00) to Ten million pesos
SECTION 32. LIABILITY TO A PERSON VIOLATING ANY
(P10,000,000.00), in addition to absolute perpetual
REGULATION ISSUED BY THE BOARD. – The penalty of
disqualification from any public office, shall be imposed upon any
imprisonment ranging from six (6) months and one (1) day to four
public officer or employee who misappropriates, misapplies or
(4) years and a fine ranging from Ten thousand pesos (P10,
fails to account for confiscated, seized or surrendered dangerous
000.00) to Fifty thousand pesos (P50, 000.00) shall be imposed
drugs, plant sources of dangerous drugs, controlled precursors
upon any person found violating any regulation duly issued by the
and essential chemicals, instruments/paraphernalia and/or
Board pursuant to this Act, in addition to the administrative
laboratory equipment including the proceeds or properties
sanctions imposed by the Board.
obtained from the unlawful acts as provided for in this Act.
Any elective local or national official found to have benefited from SECTION 33. IMMUNITY FROM PROSECUTION AND
the proceeds of the trafficking of dangerous drugs as prescribed PUNISHMENT. – Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 17,
in this Act, or have received any financial or material contributions Rule 119 of the Revised Rules of Criminal Procedure and the
or donations from natural or juridical persons found guilty of provisions of Republic Act No. 6981 or the Witness Protection,
trafficking dangerous drugs as prescribed in this Act, shall be Security and Benefit Act of 1991, any person who has violated
removed from office and perpetually disqualified from holding any Sections 7, 11, 12, 14, 15, and 19, Article II of this Act, who
elective or appointive positions in the government, its divisions, voluntarily gives information about any violation of Sections 4, 5,
6, 8, 10, 13, and 16, Article II of this Act as well as any violation of

24
the offenses mentioned if committed by a drug syndicate, or any guardianship, either as to the person or property of any ward, the
information leading to the whereabouts, identities and arrest of all rights to dispose of such property by any act or any
or any of the members thereof; and who willingly testifies against conveyance INTER VIVOS, and political rights such as but not
such persons as described above, shall be exempted from limited to, the right to vote and be voted for. Such rights shall also
prosecution or punishment for the offense with reference to which be suspended during the pendency of an appeal from such
his/her information of testimony were given, and may plead or conviction.
prove the giving of such information and testimony in bar of such
ARTICLE III
prosecution: PROVIDED, THAT THE FOLLOWING CONDITIONS
DANGEROUS DRUGS TEST AND RECORD REQUIREMENTS
CONCUR:
 
(1) The information and testimony are necessary for the
SECTION 36. AUTHORIZED DRUG TESTING. – Authorized drug
conviction of the persons described above;
testing shall be done by any government forensic laboratories or
(2) Such information and testimony are not yet in the possession
by any of the drug testing laboratories accredited and monitored
of the State;
by the DOH to safeguard the quality of test results. The DOH shall
(3) Such information and testimony can be corroborated on its
take steps in setting the price of the drug test with DOH
material points;
accredited drug testing centers to further reduce the cost of such
(4) the informant or witness has not been previously convicted of
drug test. The drug testing shall employ, among others, two (2)
a crime involving moral turpitude, except when there is no other
testing methods, the screening test which will determine the
direct evidence available for the State other than the information
positive result as well as the type of the drug used and the
and testimony of said informant or witness; and
confirmatory test which will confirm a positive screening test. Drug
(5) The informant or witness shall strictly and faithfully comply
test certificates issued by accredited drug testing centers shall be
without delay, any condition or undertaking, reduced into writing,
valid for a one-year period from the date of issue which may be
lawfully imposed by the State as further consideration for the
used for other purposes. The following shall be subjected to
grant of immunity from prosecution and punishment.
UNDERGO DRUG TESTING:
PROVIDED, FURTHER, That this immunity may be enjoyed by
(A) APPLICANTS FOR DRIVER'S LICENSE. – No driver's license
such informant or witness who does not appear to be most guilty
shall be issued or renewed to any person unless he/she presents
for the offense with reference to which his/her information or
a certification that he/she has undergone a mandatory drug test
testimony were given: PROVIDED, FINALLY, That there is no
and indicating thereon that he/she is free from the use of
direct evidence available for the State except for the information
dangerous drugs;
and testimony of the said informant or witness.
(B) APPLICANTS FOR FIREARM'S LICENSE AND FOR PERMIT
 
TO CARRY FIREARMS OUTSIDE OF RESIDENCE. – All
SECTION 34. TERMINATION OF THE GRANT OF
applicants for firearm's license and permit to carry firearms
IMMUNITY. – The immunity granted to the informant or witness,
outside of residence shall undergo a mandatory drug test to
as prescribed in Section 33 of this Act, shall not attach should it
ensure that they are free from the use of dangerous
turn out subsequently that the information and/or testimony is
drugs: PROVIDED, that all persons who by the nature of their
false, malicious or made only for the purpose of harassing,
profession carry firearms shall undergo drug testing;
molesting or in any way prejudicing the persons described in the
preceding Section against whom such information or testimony is (C) STUDENTS OF SECONDARY AND TERTIARY SCHOOLS.
directed against. In such case, the informant or witness shall be – Students of secondary and tertiary schools shall, pursuant to
subject to prosecution and the enjoyment of all rights and benefits the related rules and regulations as contained in the school's
previously accorded him under this Act or any other law, decree student handbook and with notice to the parents, undergo a
or order shall be deemed terminated. random drug testing: PROVIDED, That all drug testing expenses
In case an informant or witness under this Act fails or refuses to whether in public or private schools under this Section will be
testify without just cause, and when lawfully obliged to do so, or borne by the government;
should he/she violate any condition accompanying such immunity (D) OFFICERS AND EMPLOYEES OF PUBLIC AND PRIVATE
as provided above, his/her immunity shall be removed and he/she OFFICES. – Officers and employees of public and private offices,
shall likewise be subject to contempt and/or criminal prosecution, whether domestic or overseas, shall be subjected to undergo a
as the case may be, and the enjoyment of all rights and benefits random drug test as contained in the company's work rules and
previously accorded him under this Act or in any other law, decree regulations, which shall be borne by the employer, for purposes of
or order shall be deemed terminated. reducing the risk in the workplace. Any officer or employee found
In case the informant or witness referred to under this Act falls positive for use of dangerous drugs shall be dealt with
under the applicability of this Section hereof, such individual administratively which shall be a ground for suspension or
cannot avail of the provisions under Article VIII of this Act. termination, subject to the provisions of Article 282 of the Labor
SECTION 35. ACCESSORY PENALTIES. – A person convicted Code and pertinent provisions of the Civil Service Law;
under this Act shall be disqualified to exercise his/her civil rights
such as but not limited to, the rights of parental authority or

25
(E) OFFICERS AND MEMBERS OF THE MILITARY, POLICE dependency examination of a drug dependent as well as the
AND OTHER LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES. – Officers and after-care and follow-up program for the said drug dependent.
members of the military, police and other law enforcement There shall be a control regulations, licensing and accreditation
agencies shall undergo an annual mandatory drug test; division under the supervision of the DOH for this purpose.
For this purpose, the DOH shall establish, operate and maintain
(F) All persons charged before the prosecutor's office with a
drug testing centers in government hospitals, which must be
criminal offense having an imposable penalty of imprisonment of
provided at least with basic technologically advanced equipment
not less than six (6) years and one (1) day shall have to undergo
and materials, in order to conduct the laboratory examination and
a mandatory drug test; and
tests herein provided, and appoint such qualified and duly trained
(G) All candidates for public office whether appointed or elected
technical and other personnel as may be necessary for the
both in the national or local government shall undergo a
effective implementation of this provision.
mandatory drug test.
 
In addition to the above stated penalties in this Section, those
SECTION 40. RECORDS REQUIRED FOR TRANSACTIONS ON
found to be positive for dangerous drugs use shall be subject to
DANGEROUS DRUG AND PRECURSORS AND ESSENTIAL
the provisions of Section 15 of this Act.
CHEMICALS. –
 
A) Every pharmacist dealing in dangerous drugs and/or controlled
SECTION 37. ISSUANCE OF FALSE OR FRAUDULENT DRUG
precursors and essential chemicals shall maintain and keep an
TEST RESULTS. – Any person authorized, licensed or accredited
original record of sales, purchases, acquisitions and deliveries of
under this Act and its implementing rules to conduct drug
dangerous drugs, indicating therein the following information:
examination or test, who issues false or fraudulent drug test
(1) License number and address of the pharmacist;
results knowingly, willfully or through gross negligence, shall
(2) Name, address and license of the manufacturer, importer or
suffer the penalty of imprisonment ranging from six (6) years and
wholesaler from whom the dangerous drugs have been
one (1) day to twelve (12) years and a fine ranging from One
purchased;
hundred thousand pesos (P100, 000.00) to Five hundred
(3) Quantity and name of the dangerous drugs purchased or
thousand pesos (P500, 000.00).
acquired;
An additional penalty shall be imposed through the revocation of
(4) Date of acquisition or purchase;
the license to practice his/her profession in case of a practitioner,
(5) Name, address and community tax certificate number of the
and the closure of the drug testing center.
buyer;
SECTION 38. LABORATORY EXAMINATION OR TEST ON
(6) Serial number of the prescription and the name of the
APPREHENDED/ARRESTED OFFENDERS. – Subject to Section
physician, dentist, veterinarian or practitioner issuing the same;
15 of this Act, any person apprehended or arrested for violating
(7) Quantity and name of the dangerous drugs sold or delivered;
the provisions of this Act shall be subjected to screening
and
laboratory examination or test within twenty-four (24) hours, if the
(8) Date of sale or delivery.
apprehending or arresting officer has reasonable ground to
A certified true copy of such record covering a period of six (6)
believe that the person apprehended or arrested, on account of
months, duly signed by the pharmacist or the owner of the
physical signs or symptoms or other visible or outward
drugstore, pharmacy or chemical establishment, shall be
manifestation, is under the influence of dangerous drugs. If found
forwarded to the Board within fifteen (15) days following the last
to be positive, the results of the screening laboratory examination
day of June and December of each year, with a copy thereof
or test shall be challenged within fifteen (15) days after receipt of
furnished the city or municipal health officer concerned.
the result through a confirmatory test conducted in any accredited
(B) A physician, dentist, veterinarian or practitioner authorized to
analytical laboratory equipment with a gas chromatograph/mass
prescribe any dangerous drug shall issue the prescription therefor
spectrometry equipment or some such modern and accepted
in one (1) original and two (2) duplicate copies. The original, after
method, if confirmed the same shall be prima facie evidence that
the prescription has been filled, shall be retained by the
such person has used dangerous drugs, which is without
pharmacist for a period of one (1) year from the date of sale or
prejudice for the prosecution for other violations of the provisions
delivery of such drug. One (1) copy shall be retained by the buyer
of this Act: Provided, That a positive screening laboratory test
or by the person to whom the drug is delivered until such drug is
must be confirmed for it to be valid in a court of law.
consumed, while the second copy shall be retained by the person
SECTION 39. ACCREDITATION OF DRUG TESTING CENTERS issuing the prescription.
AND PHYSICIANS. – The DOH shall be tasked to license and For purposes of this Act, all prescriptions issued by physicians,
accredit drug testing centers in each province and city in order to dentists, veterinarians or practitioners shall be written on forms
assure their capacity, competence, integrity and stability to exclusively issued by and obtainable from the DOH. Such forms
conduct the laboratory examinations and tests provided in this shall be made of a special kind of paper and shall be distributed in
Article, and appoint such technical and other personnel as may be such quantities and contain such information and other data as
necessary for the effective implementation of this provision. The the DOH may, by rules and regulations, require. Such forms shall
DOH shall also accredit physicians who shall conduct the drug only be issued by the DOH through its authorized employees to

26
licensed physicians, dentists, veterinarians and practitioners in  
such quantities as the Board may authorize. In emergency cases, SECTION 44. HEADS, SUPERVISORS, AND TEACHERS OF
however, as the Board may specify in the public interest, a SCHOOLS. – For the purpose of enforcing the provisions of
prescription need not be accomplished on such forms. The Article II of this Act, all school heads, supervisors and teachers
prescribing physician, dentist, veterinarian or practitioner shall, shall be deemed persons in authority and, as such, are hereby
within three (3) days after issuing such prescription, inform the empowered to apprehend, arrest or cause the apprehension or
DOH of the same in writing. No prescription once served by the arrest of any person who shall violate any of the said provisions,
drugstore or pharmacy be reused nor any prescription once pursuant to Section 5, Rule 113 of the Rules of Court. They shall
issued be refilled. be deemed persons in authority if they are in the school or within
(C) All manufacturers, wholesalers, distributors, importers, its immediate vicinity, or even beyond such immediate vicinity if
dealers and retailers of dangerous drugs and/or controlled they are in attendance at any school or class function in their
precursors and essential chemicals shall keep a record of all official capacity as school heads, supervisors, and teachers.
inventories, sales, purchases, acquisitions and deliveries of the Any teacher or school employee, who discovers or finds that any
same as well as the names, addresses and licenses of the person in the school or within its immediate vicinity is liable for
persons from whom such items were purchased or acquired or to violating any of said provisions, shall have the duty to report the
whom such items were sold or delivered, the name and quantity same to the school head or immediate superior who shall, in turn,
of the same and the date of the transactions. Such records may report the matter to the proper authorities.
be subjected anytime for review by the Board. Failure to do so in either case, within a reasonable period from
the time of discovery of the violation shall, after due hearing,
ARTICLE IV
constitute sufficient cause for disciplinary action by the school
PARTICIPATION OF THE FAMILY, STUDENTS, TEACHERS
authorities.
AND SCHOOL AUTHORITIES IN THE ENFORCEMENT OF
SECTION 45. PUBLICATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF
THIS ACT
MATERIALS ON DANGEROUS DRUGS. – With the assistance of
SECTION 41. INVOLVEMENT OF THE FAMILY. – The family
the Board, the Secretary of the Department of Education (DepEd),
being the basic unit of the Filipino society shall be primarily
the Chairman of the Commission on Higher Education (CHED)
responsible for the education and awareness of the members of
and the Director-General of the Technical Education and Skills
the family on the ill effects of dangerous drugs and close
Development Authority (TESDA) shall cause the development,
monitoring of family members who may be susceptible to drug
publication and distribution of information and support educational
abuse.
materials on dangerous drugs to the students, the faculty, the
SECTION 42. STUDENT COUNCILS AND CAMPUS parents, and the community.
ORGANIZATIONS. – All elementary, secondary and tertiary
SECTION 46. SPECIAL DRUG EDUCATION CENTER. – With
schools' student councils and campus organizations shall include
the assistance of the Board, the Department of the Interior and
in their activities a program for the prevention of and deterrence in
Local Government (DILG), the National Youth Commission
the use of dangerous drugs, and referral for treatment and
(NYC), and the Department of Social Welfare and Development
rehabilitation of students for drug dependence.
(DSWD) shall establish in each of its provincial office a special
SECTION 43. SCHOOL CURRICULA. – Instruction on drug education drug center for out-of-school youth and street children.
abuse prevention and control shall be integrated in the Such Center which shall be headed by the Provincial Social.
elementary, secondary and tertiary curricula of all public and Welfare Development Officer shall sponsor drug prevention
private schools, whether general, technical, vocational or agro- programs and activities and information campaigns with the end
industrial as well as in non-formal, informal and indigenous in view of educating the out-of-school youth and street children
learning systems. Such instructions shall include: regarding the pernicious effects of drug abuse. The programs
(1) Adverse effects of the abuse and misuse of dangerous drugs initiated by the Center shall likewise be adopted in all public and
on the person, the family, the school and the community; private orphanage and existing special centers for street children.
(2) Preventive measures against drug abuse;
ARTICLE V
(3) Health, socio-cultural, psychological, legal and economic
PROMOTION OF A NATIONAL DRUG-FREE WORKPLACE
dimensions and implications of the drug problem;
PROGRAM WITH THE PARTICIPATION OF PRIVATE AND
(4) Steps to take when intervention on behalf of a drug dependent
LABOR SECTORS AND THE DEPARTMENT OF LABOR AND
is needed, as well as the services available for the treatment and
EMPLOYMENT
rehabilitation of drug dependents; and
SECTION 47. DRUG-FREE WORKPLACE. – It is deemed a
(5) Misconceptions about the use of dangerous drugs such as,
policy of the State to promote drug-free workplaces using a
but not limited to, the importance and safety of dangerous drugs
tripartite approach. With the assistance of the Board, the
for medical and therapeutic use as well as the differentiation
Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) shall develop,
between medical patients and drug dependents in order to avoid
promote and implement a national drug abuse prevention
confusion and accidental stigmatization in the consciousness of
program in the workplace to be adopted by private companies
the students.

27
with ten (10) or more employees. Such program shall include the  
mandatory drafting and adoption of company policies against drug SECTION 53. EFFECT OF BOARD DECLARATION. – If the
use in the workplace in close consultation and coordination with Board declares a place or premises to be a public nuisance, it
the DOLE, labor and employer organizations, human resource may declare an order immediately prohibiting the conduct,
development managers and other such private sector operation, or maintenance of any business or activity on the
organizations. premises which is conducive to such nuisance.
An order entered under this Section shall expire after one (1) year
SECTION 48. GUIDELINES FOR THE NATIONAL DRUG-FREE
or at such earlier time as stated in the order. The Board may bring
WORKPLACE PROGRAM. – The Board and the DOLE shall
a complaint seeking a permanent injunction against any nuisance
formulate the necessary guidelines for the implementation of the
described under this Section.
national drug-free workplace program. The amount necessary for
This Article does not restrict the right of any person to proceed
the implementation of which shall be included in the annual
under the Civil Code against any public nuisance.
General Appropriations Act.
 
ARTICLE VI ARTICLE VIII
PARTICIPATION OF THE PRIVATE AND LABOR SECTORS IN PROGRAM FOR TREATMENT AND REHABILITATION OF
THE ENFORCEMENT OF THIS ACT DRUG DEPENDENTS
SECTION 49. LABOR ORGANIZATIONS AND THE PRIVATE SECTION 54. VOLUNTARY SUBMISSION OF A DRUG
SECTOR. – All labor unions, federations, associations, or DEPENDENT TO CONFINEMENT, TREATMENT AND
organizations in cooperation with the respective private sector REHABILITATION. – A drug dependent or any person who
partners shall include in their collective bargaining or any similar violates Section 15 of this Act may, by himself/herself or through
agreements, joint continuing programs and information his/her parent, spouse, guardian or relative within the fourth
campaigns for the laborers similar to the programs provided under degree of consanguinity or affinity, apply to the Board or its duly
Section 47 of this Act with the end in view of achieving a drug free recognized representative, for treatment and rehabilitation of the
workplace. drug dependency. Upon such application, the Board shall bring
SECTION 50. GOVERNMENT ASSISTANCE. – The labor sector forth the matter to the Court which shall order that the applicant
and the respective partners may, in pursuit of the programs be examined for drug dependency. If the examination by a DOH-
mentioned in the preceding Section, secure the technical accredited physician results in the issuance of a certification that
assistance, such as but not limited to, seminars and information the applicant is a drug dependent, he/she shall be ordered by the
dissemination campaigns of the appropriate government and law Court to undergo treatment and rehabilitation in a Center
enforcement agencies. designated by the Board for a period of not less than six (6)
months: Provided, That a drug dependent may be placed under
ARTICLE VII
the care of a DOH-accredited physician where there is no Center
PARTICIPATION OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNITS
near or accessible to the residence of the drug dependent or
SECTION 51. LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNITS' ASSISTANCE.
where said drug dependent is below eighteen (18) years of age
– Local government units shall appropriate a substantial portion of
and is a first-time offender and non-confinement in a Center will
their respective annual budgets to assist in or enhance the
not pose a serious danger to his/her family or the community.
enforcement of this Act giving priority to preventive or educational
programs and the rehabilitation or treatment of drug dependents. Confinement in a Center for treatment and rehabilitation shall not
exceed one (1) year, after which time the Court, as well as the
SECTION 52. ABATEMENT OF DRUG RELATED PUBLIC
Board, shall be apprised by the head of the treatment and
NUISANCES. – Any place or premises which have been used on
rehabilitation center of the status of said drug dependent and
two or more occasions as the site of the unlawful sale or delivery
determine whether further confinement will be for the welfare of
of dangerous drugs may be declared to be a public nuisance, and
the drug dependent and his/her family or the community.
such nuisance may be abated, pursuant to the following
procedures: SECTION 55. EXEMPTION FROM THE CRIMINAL LIABILITY
(1) Any city or municipality may, by ordinance, create an UNDER THE VOLUNTARY SUBMISSION PROGRAM. A drug
administrative board to hear complaints regarding the nuisances; dependent under the voluntary submission program, who is finally
(2) any employee, officer, or resident of the city or municipality discharged from confinement, shall be exempt from the criminal
may bring a complaint before the Board after giving not less than liability under Section 15 of this act subject to the following
three (3) days written notice of such complaint to the owner of the conditions:
place or premises at his/her last known address; and (1) He/she has complied with the rules and regulations of the
(3) After hearing in which the Board may consider any evidence, center, the applicable rules and regulations of the Board,
including evidence of the general reputation of the place or including the after-care and follow-up program for at least
premises, and at which the owner of the premises shall have an eighteen (18) months following temporary discharge from
opportunity to present evidence in his/her defense, the Board may confinement in the Center or, in the case of a dependent placed
declare the place or premises to be a public nuisance. under the care of the DOH-accredited physician, the after-care

28
program and follow-up schedule formulated by the DSWD and who is not rehabilitated after the second commitment to the
approved by the Board: Provided, That capability-building of local Center under the voluntary submission program, shall, upon
government social workers shall be undertaken by the DSWD; recommendation of the Board, be charged for violation of Section
(2) He/she has never been charged or convicted of any offense 15 of this Act and prosecuted like any other offender. If convicted,
punishable under this Act, the Dangerous Drugs Act of 1972 or he/she shall be credited for the period of confinement and
Republic Act No. 6425, as amended; the Revised Penal Code, as rehabilitation in the Center in the service of his/her sentence.
amended; or any special penal laws;
SECTION 59. ESCAPE AND RECOMMITMENT FOR
(3) He/she has no record of escape from a Center: Provided, That
CONFINEMENT AND REHABILITATION UNDER THE
had he/she escaped, he/she surrendered by himself/herself or
VOLUNTARY SUBMISSION PROGRAM. – Should a drug
through his/her parent, spouse, guardian or relative within the
dependent under the voluntary submission program escape from
fourth degree of consanguinity or affinity, within one (1) week from
the Center, he/she may submit himself/herself for recommitment
the date of the said escape; and
within one (1) week therefrom, or his/her parent, spouse, guardian
(4) He/she poses no serious danger to himself/herself, his/her
or relative within the fourth degree of consanguinity or affinity
family or the community by his/her exemption from criminal
may, within said period, surrender him for recommitment, in which
liability.
case the corresponding order shall be issued by the Board.
 
Should the escapee fail to submit himself/herself or be
SECTION 56. TEMPORARY RELEASE FROM THE CENTER;
surrendered after one (1) week, the Board shall apply to the court
AFTER-CARE AND FOLLOW-UP TREATMENT UNDER THE
for a recommitment order upon proof of previous commitment or
VOLUNTARY SUBMISSION PROGRAM. – Upon certification of
his/her voluntary submission by the Board, the court may issue an
the Center that the drug dependent within the voluntary
order for recommitment within one (1) week.
submission program may be temporarily released, the Court shall
If, subsequent to a recommitment, the dependent once again
order his/her release on condition that said drug dependent shall
escapes from confinement, he/she shall be charged for violation
report to the DOH for after-care and follow-up treatment, including
of Section 15 of this Act and he subjected under section 61 of this
urine testing, for a period not exceeding eighteen (18) months
Act, either upon order of the Board or upon order of the court, as
under such terms and conditions that the Court may impose.
the case may be.
If during the period of after-care and follow-up, the drug
SECTION 60. CONFIDENTIALITY OF RECORDS UNDER THE
dependent is certified to be rehabilitated, he/she may be
VOLUNTARY SUBMISSION PROGRAM. – Judicial and medical
discharged by the Court, subject to the provisions of Section 55 of
records of drug dependents under the voluntary submission
this Act, without prejudice to the outcome of any pending case
program shall be confidential and shall not be used against him
filed in court.
for any purpose, except to determine how many times, by
However, should the DOH find that during the initial after-care and
himself/herself or through his/her parent, spouse, guardian or
follow-up program of eighteen (18) months, the drug dependent
relative within the fourth degree of consanguinity or affinity,
requires further treatment and rehabilitation in the Center; he/she
he/she voluntarily submitted himself/herself for confinement,
shall be recommitted to the Center for confinement. Thereafter,
treatment and rehabilitation or has been committed to a Center
he/she may again be certified for temporary release and ordered
under this program.
released for another after-care and follow-up program pursuant to
this Section. SECTION 61. COMPULSORY CONFINEMENT OF A DRUG
  DEPENDENT WHO REFUSES TO APPLY UNDER THE
SECTION 57. PROBATION AND COMMUNITY SERVICE VOLUNTARY SUBMISSION PROGRAM. – Notwithstanding any
UNDER THE VOLUNTARY SUBMISSION PROGRAM. – A drug law, rule and regulation to the contrary, any person determined
dependent who is discharged as rehabilitated by the DOH- and found to be dependent on dangerous drugs shall, upon
accredited Center through the voluntary submission program, but petition by the Board or any of its authorized representative, be
does not qualify for exemption from criminal liability under Section confined for treatment and rehabilitation in any Center duly
55 of this Act, may be charged under the provisions of this Act, designated or accredited for the purpose.
but shall be placed on probation and undergo a community A petition for the confinement of a person alleged to be
service in lieu of imprisonment and/or fine in the discretion of the dependent on dangerous drugs to a Center may be filed by any
court, without prejudice to the outcome of any pending case filed person authorized by the Board with the Regional Trial Court of
in court. the province or city where such person is found.
Such drug dependent shall undergo community service as part of After the petition is filed, the court, by an order, shall immediately
his/her after-care and follow-up program, which may be done in fix a date for the hearing, and a copy of such order shall be
coordination with nongovernmental civil organizations accredited served on the person alleged to be dependent on dangerous
by the DSWD, with the recommendation of the Board. drugs, and to the one having charge of him.
SECTION 58. FILING OF CHARGES AGAINST A DRUG If after such hearing and the facts so warrant, the court shall order
DEPENDENT WHO IS NOT REHABILITATED UNDER THE the drug dependent to be examined by two (2) physicians
VOLUNTARY SUBMISSION PROGRAM. – A drug dependent, accredited by the Board. If both physicians conclude that the

29
respondent is not a drug dependent, the court shall order his/her Upon certification of the Center that he/she may temporarily be
discharge. If either physician finds him to be a dependent, the discharged from the said Center, the court shall order his/her
court shall conduct a hearing and consider all relevant evidence release on condition that he/she shall report to the Board through
which may be offered. If the court finds him a drug dependent, it the DOH for after-care and follow-up treatment for a period not
shall issue an order for his/her commitment to a treatment and exceeding eighteen (18) months under such terms and conditions
rehabilitation center under the supervision of the DOH. In any as may be imposed by the Board.
event, the order of discharge or order of confinement or If at any time during the after-care and follow-up period, the Board
commitment shall be issued not later than fifteen (15) days from certifies to his/her complete rehabilitation, the court shall order
the filing of the appropriate petition. his/her final discharge from confinement and order for the
  immediate resumption of the trial of the case for which he/she is
SECTION 62. COMPULSORY SUBMISSION OF A DRUG originally charged. Should the Board through the DOH find at any
DEPENDENT CHARGED WITH AN OFFENSE TO TREATMENT time during the after-care and follow-up period that he/she
AND REHABILITATION. – If a person charged with an offense requires further treatment and rehabilitation, it shall report to the
where the imposable penalty is imprisonment of less than six (6) court, which shall order his/her recommitment to the Center.
years and one (1) day, and is found by the prosecutor or by the Should the drug dependent, having been committed to a Center
court, at any stage of the proceedings, to be a drug dependent, upon petition by the Board escape therefrom, he/she may
the prosecutor or the court as the case may be, shall suspend all resubmit himself/herself for confinement within one (1) week from
further proceedings and transmit copies of the record of the case the date of his/her escape; or his/her parent, spouse, guardian or
to the Board. relative within the fourth degree of consanguinity or affinity may,
In the event he Board determines, after medical examination, that within the same period, surrender him for recommitment. If,
public interest requires that such drug dependent be committed to however, the drug dependent does not resubmit himself/herself
a center for treatment and rehabilitation, it shall file a petition for for confinement or he/she is not surrendered for recommitment,
his/her commitment with the regional trial court of the province or the Board may apply with the court for the issuance of the
city where he/she is being investigated or tried: Provided, That recommitment order. Upon proof of previous commitment, the
where a criminal case is pending in court, such petition shall be court shall issue an order for recommitment. If, subsequent to
filed in the said court. The court shall take judicial notice of the such recommitment, he/she should escape again, he/she shall no
prior proceedings in the case and shall proceed to hear the longer be exempt from criminal liability for use of any dangerous
petition. If the court finds him to be a drug dependent, it shall drug.
order his/her commitment to a Center for treatment and A drug dependent committed under this particular Section who is
rehabilitation. The head of said Center shall submit to the court finally discharged from confinement shall be exempt from criminal
every four (4) months, or as often as the court may require a liability under Section 15 of this Act, without prejudice to the
written report on the progress of the treatment. If the dependent is outcome of any pending case filed in court. On the other hand, a
rehabilitated, as certified by the center and the Board, he/she drug dependent who is not rehabilitated after a second
shall be returned to the court, which committed him, for his/her commitment to the Center shall, upon conviction by the
discharge therefrom. appropriate court, suffer the same penalties provided for under
Thereafter, his/her prosecution for any offense punishable by law Section 15 of this Act again without prejudice to the outcome of
shall be instituted or shall continue, as the case may be. In case any pending case filed in court.
of conviction, the judgment shall, if the accused is certified by the  
treatment and rehabilitation center to have maintained good SECTION 64. CONFIDENTIALITY OF RECORDS UNDER THE
behavior, indicate that he/she shall be given full credit for the COMPULSORY SUBMISSION PROGRAM. – The records of a
period he/she was confined in the Center: Provided, however, drug dependent who was rehabilitated and discharged from the
That when the offense is for violation of Section 15 of this Act and Center under the compulsory submission program, or who was
the accused is not a recidivist, the penalty thereof shall be charged for violation of Section 15 of this Act, shall be covered by
deemed to have been served in the Center upon his/her release Section 60 of this Act. However, the records of a drug dependent
therefrom after certification by the Center and the Board that who was not rehabilitated, or who escaped but did not surrender
he/she is rehabilitated. himself/herself within the prescribed period, shall be forwarded to
  the court and their use shall be determined by the court, taking
SECTION 63. PRESCRIPTION OF THE OFFENSE CHARGED into consideration public interest and the welfare of the drug
AGAINST A DRUG DEPENDENT UNDER THE COMPULSORY dependent.
SUBMISSION PROGRAM. – The period of prescription of the
SECTION 65. DUTY OF THE PROSECUTOR IN THE
offense charged against a drug dependent under the compulsory
PROCEEDINGS. – It shall be the duty of the provincial or the city
submission program shall not run during the time that the drug
prosecutor or their assistants or state prosecutors to prepare the
dependent is under confinement in a Center or otherwise under
appropriate petition in all proceedings arising from this Act.
the treatment and rehabilitation program approved by the Board.

30
SECTION 66. SUSPENSION OF SENTENCE OF A FIRST-TIME than eighteen (18) years of age at the time when judgment should
MINOR OFFENDER. – An accused who is over fifteen (15) years have been promulgated.
of age at the time of the commission of the offense mentioned in
SECTION 69. PROMULGATION OF SENTENCE FOR FIRST-
Section 11 of this Act, but not more than eighteen (18) years of
TIME MINOR OFFENDER. – If the accused first-time minor
age at the time when judgment should have been promulgated
offender violates any of the conditions of his/her suspended
after having been found guilty of said offense, may be given the
sentence, the applicable rules and regulations of the Board
benefits of a suspended sentence, subject to the FOLLOWING
exercising supervision and rehabilitative surveillance over him,
CONDITIONS:
including the rules and regulations of the Center should
(A) He/she has not been previously convicted of violating any
confinement be required, the court shall pronounce judgment of
provision of this Act, or of the Dangerous Drugs Act of 1972, as
conviction and he/she shall serve sentence as any other
amended; or of the Revised Penal Code; or of any special penal
convicted person.
laws;
(B) He/she has not been previously committed to a Center or to SECTION 70. PROBATION OR COMMUNITY SERVICE FOR A
the care of a DOH-accredited physician; and FIRST-TIME MINOR OFFENDER IN LIEU OF IMPRISONMENT.
(C) The Board favorably recommends that his/her sentence be – Upon promulgation of the sentence, the court may, in its
suspended. discretion, place the accused under probation, even if the
While under suspended sentence, he/she shall be under the sentence provided under this Act is higher than that provided
supervision and rehabilitative surveillance of the Board, under under existing law on probation, or impose community service in
such conditions that the court may impose for a period ranging lieu of imprisonment. In case of probation, the supervision and
from six (6) months to eighteen (18) months. rehabilitative surveillance shall be undertaken by the Board
Upon recommendation of the Board, the court may commit the through the DOH in coordination with the Board of Pardons and
accused under suspended sentence to a Center, or to the care of Parole and the Probation Administration. Upon compliance with
a DOH-accredited physician for at least six (6) months, with after- the conditions of the probation, the Board shall submit a written
care and follow-up program for not more than eighteen (18) report to the court recommending termination of probation and a
months. final discharge of the probationer, whereupon the court shall issue
In the case of minors under fifteen (15) years of age at the time of such an order.
the commission of any offense penalized under this Act, Article The community service shall be complied with under conditions,
192 of Presidential Decree No. 603, otherwise known as the Child time and place as may be determined by the court in its discretion
and Youth Welfare Code, as amended by Presidential Decree No. and upon the recommendation of the Board and shall apply only
1179 shall apply, without prejudice to the application of the to violators of Section 15 of this Act. The completion of the
provisions of this Section. community service shall be under the supervision and
  rehabilitative surveillance of the Board during the period required
SECTION 67. DISCHARGE AFTER COMPLIANCE WITH by the court. Thereafter, the Board shall render a report on the
CONDITIONS OF SUSPENDED SENTENCE OF A FIRST-TIME manner of compliance of said community service. The court in its
MINOR OFFENDER. – If the accused first time minor offender discretion may require extension of the community service or
under suspended sentence complies with the applicable rules and order a final discharge.
regulations of the Board, including confinement in a Center, the In both cases, the judicial records shall be covered by the
court, upon a favorable recommendation of the Board for the final provisions of Sections 60 and 64 of this Act.
discharge of the accused, shall discharge the accused and If the sentence promulgated by the court requires imprisonment,
dismiss all proceedings. the period spent in the Center by the accused during the
Upon the dismissal of the proceedings against the accused, the suspended sentence period shall be deducted from the sentence
court shall enter an order to expunge all official records, other to be served.
than the confidential record to be retained by the DOJ relating to SECTION 71. RECORDS TO BE KEPT BY THE DEPARTMENT
the case. Such an order, which shall be kept confidential, shall OF JUSTICE. – The DOJ shall keep a confidential record of the
restore the accused to his/her status prior to the case. He/she proceedings on suspension of sentence and shall not be used for
shall not be held thereafter to be guilty of perjury or of any purpose other than to determine whether or not a person
concealment or misrepresentation by reason of his/her failure to accused under this Act is a first-time minor offender.
acknowledge the case or recite any fact related thereto in SECTION 72. LIABILITY OF A PERSON WHO VIOLATES THE
response to any inquiry made of him for any purpose. CONFIDENTIALITY OF RECORDS. – The penalty of
SECTION 68. PRIVILEGE OF SUSPENDED SENTENCE TO BE imprisonment ranging from six (6) months and one (1) day to six
AVAILED OF ONLY ONCE BY A FIRST-TIME MINOR (6) years and a fine ranging from One thousand pesos
OFFENDER. – The privilege of suspended sentence shall be (P1,000.00) to Six thousand pesos (P6,000.00), shall be imposed
availed of only once by an accused drug dependent who is a first- upon any person who, having official custody of or access to the
time offender over fifteen (15) years of age at the time of the confidential records of any drug dependent under voluntary
commission of the violation of Section 15 of this Act but not more submission programs, or anyone who, having gained possession

31
of said records, whether lawfully or not, reveals their content to establishment, operations, maintenance and management of
any person other than those charged with the prosecution of the privately-owned drug treatment rehabilitation centers and drug
offenses under this Act and its implementation. The maximum testing networks and laboratories throughout the country in
penalty shall be imposed, in addition to absolute perpetual coordination with the DSWD and other agencies;
disqualification from any public office, when the offender is a (2) License, accredit, establish and maintain drug test network
government official or employee. Should the records be used for and laboratory, initiate, conduct and support scientific research on
unlawful purposes, such as blackmail of the drug dependent or drugs and drug control;
the members of his/her family, the penalty imposed for the crime (3) Encourage, assist and accredit private centers, promulgate
of violation of confidentiality shall be in addition to whatever crime rules and regulations setting minimum standards for their
he/she may be convicted of. accreditation to assure their competence, integrity and stability;
(4) Prescribe and promulgate rules and regulations governing the
SECTION 73. LIABILITY OF A PARENT, SPOUSE OR
establishment of such Centers as it may deem necessary after
GUARDIAN WHO REFUSES TO COOPERATE WITH THE
conducting a feasibility study thereof;
BOARD OR ANY CONCERNED AGENCY. – Any parent, spouse
(5) The DOH shall, without prejudice to the criminal prosecution of
or guardian who, without valid reason, refuses to cooperate with
those found guilty of violating this Act, order the closure of a
the Board or any concerned agency in the treatment and
Center for treatment and rehabilitation of drug dependency when,
rehabilitation of a drug dependent who is a minor, or in any
after investigation it is found guilty of violating the provisions of
manner, prevents or delays the after-care, follow-up or other
this Act or regulations issued by the Board; and
programs for the welfare of the accused drug dependent, whether
(6) Charge reasonable fees for drug dependency examinations,
under voluntary submission program or compulsory submission
other medical and legal services provided to the public, which
program, may be cited for contempt by the court.
shall accrue to the Board. All income derived from these sources
SECTION 74. COST-SHARING IN THE TREATMENT AND shall be part of the funds constituted as special funds for the
REHABILITATION OF A DRUG DEPENDENT. – The parent, implementation of this Act under Section 87.
spouse, guardian or any relative within the fourth degree of ARTICLE IX
consanguinity of any person who is confined under the voluntary DANGEROUS DRUGS BOARD AND PHILIPPINE DRUG
submission program or compulsory submission program shall be ENFORCEMENT AGENCY
charged a certain percentage of the cost of his/her treatment and SECTION 77. THE DANGEROUS DRUGS BOARD. – The Board
rehabilitation, the guidelines of which shall be formulated by the shall be the policy-making and strategy-formulating body in the
DSWD taking into consideration the economic status of the family planning and formulation of policies and programs on drug
of the person confined. The guidelines therein formulated shall be prevention and control. It shall develop and adopt comprehensive,
implemented by a social worker of the local government unit. integrated, unified and balanced national drug abuse prevention
SECTION 75. TREATMENT AND REHABILITATION CENTERS. and control strategy. It shall be under the Office of the President.
– The existing treatment and rehabilitation centers for drug SECTION 78. COMPOSITION OF THE BOARD. – The Board
dependents operated and maintained by the NBI and the PNP shall be composed of seventeen (17) members wherein three (3)
shall be operated, maintained and managed by the DOH in of which are permanent members, the other twelve (12) members
coordination with other concerned agencies. For the purpose of shall be in an ex officio capacity and the two (2) shall be regular
enlarging the network of centers, the Board through the DOH members.
shall encourage, promote or whenever feasible, assist or support The three (3) permanent members, who shall possess at least
in the establishment, operations and maintenance of private seven-year training and experience in the field of dangerous
centers which shall be eligible to receive grants, donations or drugs and in any of the following fields: in law, medicine,
subsidy from either government or private sources. It shall also criminology, psychology or social work, shall be appointed by the
support the establishment of government-operated regional President of the Philippines. The President shall designate a
treatment and rehabilitation centers depending upon the Chairman, who shall have the rank of a secretary from among the
availability of funds. The national government, through its three (3) permanent members who shall serve for six (6) years. Of
appropriate agencies shall give priority funding for the increase of the two (2) other members, who shall both have the rank of
subsidy to existing government drug rehabilitation centers, and undersecretary, one (1) shall serve for four (4) years and the
shall establish at least one (1) drug rehabilitation center in each other for two (2) years. Thereafter, the persons appointed to
province, depending on the availability of funds. succeed such members shall hold office for a term of six (6) years
SECTION 76. THE DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE and until their successors shall have been duly appointed and
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH (DOH) UNDER THIS ACT. – THE qualified.
DOH SHALL:  
(1) Oversee the monitor the integration, coordination and SECTION 80. SECRETARIAT OF THE BOARD. – The Board
supervision of all drug rehabilitation, intervention, after-care and shall recommend to the President of the Philippines the
follow-up programs, projects and activities as well as the appointment of an Executive Director, with the rank of an

32
undersecretary, who shall be the Secretary of the Board and For purposes of carrying out its duties and powers as provided for
administrative officer of its secretariat, and shall perform such in the succeeding Section of this Act, the PDEA shall have the
other duties that may be assigned to him/her. He/she must following Services, namely: Intelligence and Investigation;
possess adequate knowledge, training and experience in the field International Cooperation and Foreign Affairs; Preventive
of dangerous drugs, and in any of the following fields: law Education and Community Involvement; Plans and Operations;
enforcement, law, medicine, criminology, psychology or social Compliance; Legal and Prosecution; Administrative and Human
work. Resource; Financial Management; Logistics Management; and
Two deputies executive director, for administration and Internal Affairs.
operations, with the ranks of assistant secretary, shall be The PDEA shall establish and maintain regional offices in the
appointed by the President upon recommendation of the Board. different regions of the country which shall be responsible for the
They shall possess the same qualifications as those of the implementation of this Act and the policies, programs, and
executive director. They shall receive a salary corresponding to projects of said agency in their respective regions.
their position as prescribed by the Salary Standardization Law as SECTION 84. POWERS AND DUTIES OF THE PDEA. – THE
a Career Service Officer. PDEA SHALL:
The existing secretariat of the Board shall be under the (A) Implement or cause the efficient and effective implementation
administrative control and supervision of the Executive Director. It of the national drug control strategy formulated by the Board
shall be composed of the following divisions, namely: Policy thereby carrying out a national drug campaign program which
Studies, Research and Statistics; Preventive Education, Training shall include drug law enforcement, control and prevention
and Information; Legal Affairs; and the Administrative and campaign with the assistance of concerned government agencies;
Financial Management. (B) Undertake the enforcement of the provisions of Article II of this
SECTION 82. CREATION OF THE PHILIPPINE DRUG Act relative to the unlawful acts and penalties involving any
ENFORCEMENT AGENCY (PDEA). – To carry out the provisions dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor and essential
of this Act, the PDEA, which serves as the implementing arm of chemical and investigate all violators and other matters involved
the Board, and shall be responsible for the efficient and effective in the commission of any crime relative to the use, abuse or
law enforcement of all the provisions on any dangerous drug trafficking of any dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor and
and/or controlled precursor and essential chemical as provided in essential chemical as provided for in this Act and the provisions of
this Act. Presidential Decree No. 1619;
The PDEA shall be headed by a Director General with the rank of (C) Administer oath, issue SUBPOENA AND SUBPOENA
Undersecretary, who shall be responsible for the general DUCES TECUM  relative to the conduct of investigation involving
administration and management of the Agency. The Director the violations of this Act;
General of the PDEA shall be appointed by the President of the (D) Arrest and apprehend as well as search all violators and seize
Philippines and shall perform such other duties that may be or confiscate, the effects or proceeds of the crimes as provided by
assigned to him/her. He/she must possess adequate knowledge, law and take custody thereof, for this purpose the prosecutors
training and experience in the field of dangerous drugs, and in and enforcement agents are authorized to possess firearms, in
any of the following fields: law enforcement, law, medicine, accordance with existing laws;
criminology, psychology or social work. (E) Take charge and have custody of all dangerous drugs and/or
The Director General of the PDEA shall be assisted in the controlled precursors and essential chemicals seized, confiscated
performance of his/her duties and responsibilities by two (2) or surrendered to any national, provincial or local law enforcement
deputies director general with the rank of Assistant Secretary; one agency, if no longer needed for purposes of evidence in court;
for Operations and the other one for Administration. The two (2) (F) Establish forensic laboratories in each PNP office in every
deputies’ director general shall likewise be appointed by the province and city in order to facilitate action on seize or
President of the Philippines upon recommendation of the Board. confiscated drugs, thereby hastening its destruction without delay;
The two (2) deputies’ director general shall possess the same (G) Recommend to the DOJ the forfeiture of properties and other
qualifications as those of the Director General of the PDEA. The assets of persons and/or corporations found to be violating the
Director General and the two (2) deputies director general shall provisions of this Act and in accordance with the pertinent
receive the compensation and salaries as prescribed by law. provisions of the Anti-Money-Laundering Act of 2001;
  (H) Prepare for prosecution or cause the filing of appropriate
SECTION 83. ORGANIZATION OF THE PDEA. – The present criminal and civil cases for violation of all laws on dangerous
Secretariat of the National Drug Law Enforcement and Prevention drugs, controlled precursors and essential chemicals, and other
Coordinating Center as created by Executive Order No. 61 shall similar controlled substances, and assist, support and coordinate
be accordingly modified and absorbed by the PDEA. with other government agencies for the proper and effective
The Director General of the PDEA shall be responsible for the prosecution of the same;
necessary changes in the organizational set-up which shall be (I) Monitor and if warranted by circumstances, in coordination with
submitted to the Board for approval. the Philippine Postal Office and the Bureau of Customs, inspect
all air cargo packages, parcels and mails in the central post office,

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which appear from the package and address itself to be a must be at least twenty-one (21) years old, of proven integrity and
possible importation of dangerous drugs and/or controlled honesty and a Baccalaureate degree holder.
precursors and essential chemicals, through on-line or cyber The graduates of the Academy shall later comprise the operating
shops via the internet or cyberspace; units of the PDEA after the termination of the transition period of
(J) Conduct eradication programs to destroy wild or illegal growth five (5) years during which all the intelligence network and
of plants from which dangerous drugs may be extracted; standard operating procedures of the PDEA has been set up and
(K) Initiate and undertake the formation of a nationwide operationalized.
organization which shall coordinate and supervise all activities The Academy shall be headed by a Superintendent, with the rank
against drug abuse in every province, city, municipality and of Director. He/she shall be appointed by the PDEA Director
barangay with the active and direct participation of all such local General.
government units and nongovernmental organizations, including  
the citizenry, subject to the provisions of previously formulated SECTION 86. TRANSFER, ABSORPTION, AND INTEGRATION
programs of action against dangerous drugs; OF ALL OPERATING UNITS ON ILLEGAL DRUGS INTO THE
(L) Establish and maintain a national drug intelligence system in PDEA AND TRANSITORY PROVISIONS. – The Narcotics Group
cooperation with law enforcement agencies, other government of the PNP, the Narcotics Division of the NBI and the Customs
agencies/offices and local government units that will assist in its Narcotics Interdiction Unit are hereby abolished; however they
apprehension of big-time drug lords; shall continue with the performance of their task as detail service
(M) Establish and maintain close coordination, cooperation and with the PDEA, subject to screening, until such time that the
linkages with international drug control and administration organizational structure of the Agency is fully operational and the
agencies and organizations, and implement the applicable number of graduates of the PDEA Academy is sufficient to do the
provisions of international conventions and agreements related to task themselves: Provided, That such personnel who are affected
dangerous drugs to which the Philippines is a signatory; shall have the option of either being integrated into the PDEA or
(N) Create and maintain an efficient special enforcement unit to remain with their original mother agencies and shall, thereafter,
conduct an investigation, file charges and transmit evidence to the be immediately reassigned to other units therein by the head of
proper court, wherein members of the said unit shall possess such agencies. Such personnel who are transferred, absorbed
suitable and adequate firearms for their protection in connection and integrated in the PDEA shall be extended appointments to
with the performance of their duties: Provided, That no previous positions similar in rank, salary, and other emoluments and
special permit for such possession shall be required; privileges granted to their respective positions in their original
(O) Require all government and private hospitals, clinics, doctors, mother agencies.
dentists and other practitioners to submit a report to it, in The transfer, absorption and integration of the different offices
coordination with the Board, about all dangerous drugs and/or and units provided for in this Section shall take effect within
controlled precursors and essential chemicals which they have eighteen (18) months from the effectivity of this
attended to for data and information purposes; Act: PROVIDED That personnel absorbed and on detail service
(P) Coordinate with the Board for the facilitation of the issuance of shall be given until five (5) years to finally decide to join the
necessary guidelines, rules and regulations for the proper PDEA.
implementation of this Act; Nothing in this Act shall mean a diminution of the investigative
(Q) Initiate and undertake a national campaign for drug prevention powers of the NBI and the PNP on all other crimes as provided for
and drug control programs, where it may enlist the assistance of in their respective organic laws: Provided, however, That when
any department, bureau, office, agency or instrumentality of the the investigation being conducted by the NBI, PNP or any ad
government, including government-owned and or –controlled hoc anti-drug task force is found to be a violation of any of the
corporations, in the anti-illegal drugs drive, which may include the provisions of this Act, the PDEA shall be the lead agency. The
use of their respective personnel, facilities, and resources for a NBI, PNP or any of the task force shall immediately transfer the
more resolute detection and investigation of drug-related crimes same to the PDEA: PROVIDED, FURTHER, that the NBI, PNP
and prosecution of the drug traffickers; and and the Bureau of Customs shall maintain close coordination with
(R) Submit an annual and periodic reports to the Board as may be the PDEA on all drug related matters.
required from time to time, and perform such other functions as \REFERENCES:
may be authorized or required under existing laws 1. Unpublished handouts of University of Baguio (UB) on Drugs
Education and vice control, 2018.
  2. Unpublished handouts of University of the Cordillera (UC) on
SECTION 85. THE PDEA ACADEMY. – Upon the approval of the Drugs Education and vice control, 2018.
Board, the PDEA Academy shall be established either in Baguio 3. Review materials on Drugs Education and vice control by:
or Tagaytay City and in such other places as may be necessary. Rommel K. Manwong, 2017.
 
The PDEA Academy shall be responsible in the recruitment and
training of all PDEA agents and personnel. The Board shall
provide for the qualifications and requirements of its recruits who

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