Bachelor of Arts in Population Studies

Four Years Based

Courses of Study

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Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences
Tribhuvan [Jniversity

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The Context

Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences (FoHSS) under Tribhuvan University decided to adopt a
policy to introduce and implement four year-based Bachelor level courses from the year 2076 (2019
AD). Accordingly, the Subject Committee of the Population Studies formed a course designing and
finalization Sub-committee. The Sub-committee is composed of faculty members from Central
Department of Population Studies, six campuses of Kathmandu Valley and faculty members from
public campuses outside Kathmandu Valley. The Sub-committee organized series of meetings among
teachers of Population Studies associated with the different campuses and formed subject-specific
committees to review the existing three-year courses and suggest the new ones. The subject-specific
committees reviewed and prepared 10 draft papers as four-year course. The Sub-committee assigned
responsibility to the respective subject teachers for preparing the detail content of the paper. The
drafts prepared by the subject teachers were presented among the participating subject teachers
organized in different campuses of Kathmandu Valley.

The papers prepared by the subject teachers incorporated the recent discourse, knowledge, theories,
data and information and were finally submitted to the Central Department of Population Studies
(CDPS). The senior facilities from the Department further reviewed and categorized each paper into
three groups: compulsory, major and elective. Papers offered in the first and second year are of
compulsory groups. Three papers offered in the third and fourth year are of major stream and one
paper is designed as elective which is offered for the non-population background students as a means
to bridging the course at master's degree. Further, the course is designed in a way to establish
Population Studies as cross-cutting discipline. Besides technical demographic studies, the course
offers papers semi to development studies in the Bachelor Level. The first paper deals with issues of
population and development. The second paper establishes nexus between population and health.
Papers offered in the second year include teaching tools and techniques of technical demography with
ample practical skills related to statistical and mathematical tools for enabling students to analyse
population phenomenon and dynamics. Population research methods is designed to offer as
compulsory paper in the third year. In addition to this, students must select one paper from the given
two papers: either Business and Political Demography or Population, Resource and Governance.ln
the fourlh-year students from majoring stream of Population Studies have to choose one paper from
Population, Migration and Development or Poverfi, Inequality and Social Justice. Finally, the Paper
Population Diversity of Nepal is designed as elective to be chosen by students from non-Population
Studies background.

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 Faculty Humanities and Social Sciences
Subject Population Studies
Level Bachelor
Course Code Pop.42l
Title Principles of Population and Development
Total duration 4 Years
Course duration One Year
Offered year tr'irst
Paper I
Full Marks 100
Theory 70
Practical (Internal) 30
Total Teaching Hours 150

Objectives

The objective of this course is to impart basic concepts of Population Studies, demography and
theories, and linkage between population and development among students. This course deals with
interplay between the components of population change and development. It includes the history of
population growth, population momentum, fertility, mortality, migration and urbanization. population
and quality of life, population policies and programs, aspects of gender, human development and
SDGs are also dealt to establish meaningful interrelationships between population and development.

Units Topic and Content Teaching hours

Unit I: Population concepts and theories 20

A. Population concepts _,
1.1 Definitions of Population Studies and demography ..1 *n##
1.2 Interrelationship between Population Studies and other disciplines o.r,, *''W *$t"F
1.3 Demography as policy science /orlyu-ror{rcejg
1.4 Application of demography in socioeconomic, political, tourism and business affairs o."dtll|$
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B. Major terminologies used in Population Studies
1.5 Nuptiality and fertility; morbidity and mortality; and migration and urbanization related
common terminologies ll ,
C. Population theories l/ n / ^ -
1.6 Ancient and medieval writings: introduction to Greeko Roman (Plato, Aristoile/Alffi
Chinese(Confucius); and Indian (Kautilya) thoughts
1.7 Malthusian theory: The basic model, Neo-Malthusian and criticism
1.8 Marxian theory: Basic concepts and criticism
1.9 Demographic transition theory: concepts, applicability and criticisms

Unit II: History of population growth and population momentum l0

A. History of world population growth
2.1 Size, growth and distribution of population (world, continents, regions, developed and
developing countries)
2.2 Size, growth and distribution of population in Nepal
2.3 Challenges and opportunities of latest population of Nepal
B. Population momentum
2.4 Definition of population momentum;6nd demographic windows or demographic dividend
2.5 Age structure and population momentum, and the impact of population momentum and
shifting age and sex composition on future population growth

Unit III: Family, marriage

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 A. Family
3. I Concepts and types of family
3.2 changing structure of families in developed and developing countries
B. Marriage
3.3 Basic concept of marriage or nuptiality in different societies
3.4 Forms and types of marriages
3.5 Marriage patterns and trends
3.6 Determinants of age at marriage in developed and developing countries
3.7 Nuptiality in family life cycle
C. Fertility
3.8 Intermediate variable frameworks of Davis and Blake; Proximate determinants model of
Bongaarts
3.9 Trends and patterns of fertility in developed and developing countries
3.10 Fertility transition in Nepal

Unit IV: Migration and urbanization 13

A. Migration
4.1 Types of migration (permanent, semi-permanent, temporary, seasonal, voluntary-forced
dichotomy)
4.2 Historicalpattern of migration in the world
4.3 Causes and consequences of migration with reference to Nepal
4.4. Migration theories: Ravenstein's laws of migration and introduction to Everett S Lee's
hypotheses of migration
4.5 Push, pull and personal factors and intervening obstacles
4.6 Migration, remittance and development
B. Urbanization
4.7 Definitions, concepts, and classifications of urban centres
4.8 Urban evolution, transition and development in world
4.9 Global trends of urbanization
4.10 Causes and consequences of urbanization in developed and developing countries with
special reference to Nepal
Unit V: Population and quality of life t2
5.1 Concepts definitions, and basic indicators of quality of life ([IN and WB) .;l
5.3 Factors affecting the quality of life in developed and developing countrier ?-l'* '^ug ","r"
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5.4 Technological development and its impacts on quality of life -"?amsnurdj..e

5.5 Quality of future generation Dean'sol*or

5.6 Relationships of basic needs with quality "--
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unit vI: Popuration poricy *l/n/"44>

6.1 Basic concepts and definitions of population policy. Pro-natalist, anti-natalist ancldual ..'{'
population policies
6.2 Types of population policy, population influencing and responsive policies
6.3 Evolution of population policy in Nepal
6.4 Latest population policies and programs of Nepal including twenty-five years vision plan
6.5 Role of international conferences in shaping population policies: Bucharest l974,Mexico
1984, Cairo 1995 and Beijing 1995
6.6 Integration of population into development planning

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7.2PopulationandnaturalreSourcesi",/.'."i.,'-..
7.3 Population and resource managementd)xaples from Nepal and abroad *i;:l t1+i
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 7.4 The resource base and human well-being
7.5 Linkages of population, resource and development

Unit VIII: Population and development 13

8.1 Basic concepts and definitions of terminology
8.2 Basic indicators of development (Per-capita income, GDP, GNI, Hpl, HDI, GDI and GRB)
8.3 Development theories: theory of development and change; modernization versus
technological diffusion
8.4 Dernographics and development in the 2l.tcentury

Unit IX: Gender and human development t2

A. Gender and development
9.1 Gender equity, equality and empowerment with respect to male, female and transgender.
Living and campaign for human rights and. better life of LGBTI in Nepal
9.2 Role of stakeholders in bringing socially disadvantaged groups into mainstream of national-
development ,.,1i:'
B. Human development 1r.
9.3 Concepts and definitions ","
9.4 Human rights and human development
9.5 Gender and human development
9.6 Millennium development goals (MDGs) and sustainable development goals (S
Project work
Pl Project Work: Classroom workshop/seminar/presentation
Distinguish between Population Studies and demography, and dffirentiate social, apptied, political,
tourism and business demography
Distinguish among classical and modern population theories.
Present the comparison of gist of all theories and their applicability in the context of Nepal as well as world.
P2 Project worh/classroom seminar
Present comparable data related to size, growth and distribution of world population and Nepal. Demonstrate
understanding on demographic windows/demographic dividends. Discuis ihe impacts of poputation
momentum on future population growt h.
P3 Project work/ classroom seminar
Demonstrate on real types of family, forms and types of marriage and
fertility in the societies. Also,
link betu'een intermediate variable frameworks of Davis and Blake and proximate determinants mocle
of B on gaar ts' fert il ity mod e l.
P4 Proiect work/classroom seminar
Present real data of migration and urbanization at local, provincial and
federal level of Nepat along with the
time. Prove the patterns and trends of causes and consequences of migration and urbinization by
available information in Nepal and other countries.
P5 Project work/classroom seminar
Identifu the indicators of quality of ltfe by group discussion and present the
factors affecting the quatity of
life and quality offuture generation. Depict dffirential situation of
Quality of Ltfe ii ,rbrn and rural
as well as developed and underdeveloped populations.
P6 Project work/classroom seminar
Classroom seminar on concepts and types of population policy, latest population policy ancl role of international
conferences in shaping population policies
activities. Establish relationships of development theories with modernization versus technological
diffusion models

P9 Project work
Compirisons about gender equity and equality, discussion about human rights and human development
and SDGs and its 17 Goals

Guidelines to the teachers for proiect works/classroom seminar

Step 1: Identify the topics in detail for fielduork.
Stip 2: Maki'the groupt consisting of 4-6 students in each. Include the students of gender, ethnicity
and other attributes for crossbreeding of working style, ideas and opinions.
Step 3; Give them assignment to identifu the problems, dffirences,findings.

Reading list (for all units)

1. Bhattarai, K. D., Acharya,B., Poudyal, A & Paudel, R.(2019). Demographyfor health and
s o c i al s c ienc e s. Kathmandu : Koselee Pub.lications'

2. Bhende, A. & Kanitkar,T. (2011). Principles of Population Studies. Twenty-first Edition,

lnc. Bombay: Himalaya Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, India.
3. Bogue, D. J. (1969). Principles of demograpfty. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
4. Devtota, B.M., ohungel, H. & Nepali J. C.
(2020). Principles of Population and
Developmenl. Kathmandu: Heritage Publishers and Distributers Pvt' Ltd.
5. Sharma, M.P. (2011). Introduction to Population Studies. Kathmandu: Heritage Publishers
and Distributers Pvt. Ltd'
6. Subedi, Govind (2020).Political Demography of Nepal: Pattern, Trend and Emerging .,...
Landscopes. Kathmandu: BhrikutiPublication . '-t*,1-
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B :{r'1;?r
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unit I
7. Crook, N. (1997). Principles of population and develop.ment (Part 1: Population and?oo.nrvti., s$oo'
Subsistence: Theories and Evidences). oxford University Press. . d"liir*
8. Hodgson. (1983). Demography as social science and policy science. Population and _nr-..[,-...-..t
9,1-34. /r1 ,
Development Review,
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unit u
g. Blue, L. & Espenshade, T. J. (2012). Population momentum across the demographic
transition, in Population and Development Review. 37(4), pp.121-741 .
10. Central Bureau of Statistics. (CBS). (2014). Population monograph of Nepal Vol' I, II & III,
Kathmandu: CBS, Government of Nepal, Nepal'
1 l. United Nations Population Fund (IINFPA).
(2018) . The state of the world population.New
York: United Nations Population Fund'
Unit I[
12. Bongaarts J. (1978). A framework for analyzing the proximate determinants of fertility, in
Population and Development Review 4(1), pp'105-32'
13. Caldwell, J. C. (1982). Theory offertility decline. London: Academic Press.

Unit IV
14. Government of Nepal (GoN). (2015). National urban development strategy,2015.
Kathmandu: Government of NePal.
15. peterson, W. (1959). A general typology of migration,inAmerican Sociological Review,
23(3), pp.256-266.
tO. Urlt"a Nutions. (2003). I4rorld urpanization New York: United
UnitedNations. Nations.
Nations. A
ft',
https://population.un.org/wup/ ;. \t:'::*t
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17. Sharma, M. p. (2074il^P op,trlation, eryuftpnmgl!and quality of ltfe.Krth*rnOl.l-ryl8-.Y#r&
pubrication and Dist?$tilj# '.ie., v as

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 17. Sharma, M. P. (1988). Population resources: Environntent and quality qf ttfe. New Delhi:
Dhanpat Rai and Sons, India.
18. Sharma, M.P. (2011). Population, Environment and Quatity of Ltfe.Kathmandu: Heritage
Publishers and Distributers Pvt. Ltd.

Unit VI
19. Bereleson, B, (1975) . The great debate on population policy: An Instructive Instrument.
New York: Population Council.
20. Paul, D. (1988). Social science and population policy, in Population and Development
Review, 14(3), pp. 451-419.
21. Ministry of Population and Health, Nepal (20171YS). National population policies of
Ne p al : https //www.mohp. gov.np/downl oads/Population_po I icy.pdf
:

22. National Planning Commission (NPC). Fourteenth plan, from Fiscal Year 2073/74 to
2075/76. Kathmandu: Govemment of Nepal, NPC, Singha Durbar, Nepal.
23. National Planning Commission (NPC). Fifteenth planfrom Fiscal Year 2076/77 to 2080/8l.
Kathmandu: Government of Nepal, NPC, S.ingha Durbar, Nepal.
24. Sharma, M.P. (2011). Population, Environment and Quality of Ltfe Kathmandu: Heritage
Publishers and Distributers Pvt. Ltd.

Unit V[
25' Davis, K. &Bernstam, M. S. (Eds). (1991). Resources, environment and population: present
knowledge, future options: A supplement to population and development review, Vol. 16,
1990.
26. Dasgupta, P. (2000). Population and resources: An exploration of reproductive and
environmental externalities, in Population and Development Review ,26(4), pp. 643-689.
27 . Yujiro, H. & Godo, Y. (2005). Population growth and the constraint of natural resources . In
Development economics: From the poverty to the wealth of nations (Third Edition). Oxford
University Press.
28. Sharma, M.P. (2011). Population, Environment and Quality of Ltfe.Kathmandu: Heritage
Ltd'
P'r' Ltd.
". ,

rd Distributers Pvt.
Publishers and
i%b*m*
Unitvrr o.rn,rolll,1
29' Crook, N. (1997). Principles of population and development (Part l: Population and r.s.,xrrco-
subsistence: Theories and evidences). Oxford University press.
30. UnitedNationsDevelopmentProgramme(UNDP).(2018). Humandevelopmentindicespnd
indicators: 2018, Statistical update. New York: LINDP, UN Plaza, USA. l/: /
/ Q7{a,S'
Unit IX
31. United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), (2018). Human development indices and
indicators, 20lB statistical update. New York: UNDP, LN plaza, USA.
32. National Planning Commission (NPC). (2015). Sustainable developmenr goalsfor Nepal
2016-30. Kathmandu: Govemment of Nepal, National Repoft, NPC, Singha Durbar Nepal.
JJ. United Nations General Assembly (201 5). Transforming our world; The 2030 agendafor
sustainable developmenl. Retrieved from
http:l lwww .un.orgl galsearch/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/RES/ 7 0 I I &Lang:p,

Unit X
34.
35. Dhital, s. R., &Dhital, M. K. (2013). A textbook of basic public health.I(athmandu:
Bidhyarathi Pustak Bhandar.
36. The family life cycle (Slideshare.ppt). (nd). Retrieved from :
https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-d&biw:136 6&bih=654&ei:SLyDXbA-
ic2-
BKSdhJAB&q:Evelyn+Duvall+The+FAMILY+LIFE+CyCLE+g+Stages&oq:Evelyn+Du
vall+The+FAMILY+LIFE+ gy6lp+ 8+Stages& gs_l=psy-
ab.t2...t 4933 .252 t 5 ..3 0009... 0. 0..0. I 6 t .197 7 .0j t 4......0 ...
37. Simon, J., Rosen, s., claeson, M., Breman, A., & Tulloch, J. (2001). Family health cycle:
from concept to implementation. Retrieved June l, 2019,from
https://www.researchgate.net/public ation1265927585_The Family_Health_Cycle_From Co
ncept to_Implementation.

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tr'aculty Humanities and Social Sciences
Subject Population Studies
Level Bachelor
Course Code Pop.422
Title Population and Health
Total duration 4 Years
Course duration One Year
Offered year First
Paper u
f,'ull Marks 100
Theory 70
Practical (Internal) 30
Total Teachins Hours 1s0

Objectives

This course aims to impart knowledge on the interelationships between population and health issues.
Specifically, the students successfully completing this course should be able to understand
interelationship between population and health issues and how one effects the other, role of family
health, nutrition and family planning in maintaining good health, role of public health system ani
epidemiological tools in providing quality health services, relationship between, gender social
inclusion and environmental issues in maintaining good health, and current health and population
issues prevailing in Nepal and the government policies and programme to address these issues.

Units Topic and Content Teaching hours

Unit I: Introduction to population and health 10

L1 Concept of health and disease: Major category of health (mental, physical and Social);
health as commodity - public or private commodity?
1.2 Social theory of health
1.3 Population and health
1.4 Relationship between fertility and health
1.5 Relationship between mortality and health
1.6 Relationship between migration and health
Unit II: Family health g
2.1 The concept of family health
2.2 Family life cycle and health;
2.3 Impoftance of family members' health in the wellbeing of the family; health issues by age
and sex with special focus on children, adolescents, women and elderly people in
developing countries
2.4 The concept of good health and family well being
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Unit III: Nutrition and health 10
3.1 Nutrition requirement of infant and children, adolescents, pregnant and breastfeeding
women, adults and elderly
3.2 Dietary diversity and health
J.J Concept and importance of Body Mass Index (BMI)
3.4 Effects of under-nutrition and mal-nutrition on health
3.5 Causes and effects of obesity on health
3.6 Nutrition related problems in Nepal

Unit IV: Family planning and health 10

4.1 Concept and origin; globalization of family planning
4.2 Family planning means: Types and methods (traditional/modern & temporary/permanent)
4.3 Family planning and health
4.4 Family planning and infant and child health
4.5 Role of men in family planning

Unit V: Introduction to public Health 10

5.1 Concept, definition, and scope of public health
5.2 Historical perspectives on public health
5.3 Primary health care system: concept and roles - preventive, promotional, curative and
rehabilitative
5.4 Public health systems in developed and developing countries
5.5 Public health system in Nepal with health system management

Unit V: Health, morbidity and mortality 6 'i,'41 ; .'r ,^r

5.1 Factors affecting health, morbidity and mortality **ffi#;r"'

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5.2 Levels and trends of mortality in developed and developing countries rytio*oiliss S'
5.3 Mortality differentials by socio-economic and demographic variables Dgsl',6lfrcG
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Unit VI: Introduction to epidemiology

6.1 Concept, definition, philosophy and scope of epidemiology
6.2 Terminologies frequently used in epidemiology: infection, communicable disease,
contamination, infestation, epidemic, endemic, sporadic and pandemic
6.3 Basic measures of epidemiology and their uses: rates, ratios, proportion, and popu
risk, prevalence and incidence (rate)
6.4 Epidemiological transitions: experience of developed and developing countries
6.5 Types of epidemiological studies: descriptive and observational
6.6 Analytical studies: ecological, cross-sectional and case control

Unit VII: Gender, social inclusion and health 16

A. Gender and social inclusion
7 .l Concept and definition of sex and gender
1.2 Gender-based violence and health, some empirical accounts
7.3 Gender-based violence in Nepal
7.4 Inclusion/exclusion of population sub-groups and health
B. Health aspects of population with disabilityp- :,1.
7.5 Definition and types of disability '.-,1,r/
7.6 Health issues of disable population . , .r.
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7 .7 . Disability by demographic (age, sex), social (et-lticity#Education, health), and economi. ' ." L ,J
(employment, income, properfy entitlpment) variablgp>*
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7.8. Rore of the stakeholders hmaqf{$;r?n:::r}_H"c ,,'"oilrrilxinineeuMI;,:r"r..":
health servic

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 7.9. Policies and programmes for people with disability with a focus on education, employment
and rehabilitation in order to ensure better health.
7.10. Coping strategies of people with disability, health and beyond health approaches

Unit VIII: Population and environmental health tl

8.1 Concept and components of environment: atmosphere, hydrosphere, Lithosphere and
biosphere
8.2 Air, water and soil quality and health
8.3 Level and trend of pollution in Nepal
8.4 Concept of total sanitation; equity and access to total sanitation
8.5 Effects of disaster and climate change on health
8.6 Disaster management in Nepal

Unit IX: X'actors affecting health status of population in Nepal l1

9.1 Major health problems prevalent in Nepal (infant, child, adolescent, men/women, elderly
people)
9.2 Cultural, social and economic factors affecting health
9.3 Topography and environmental factors affecting health
9.4 Hygiene and sanitation behavioral factors affecting health
9.5 Health service related factors affecting utilization of health seryices; equity and access, cost,
quality

Unit X: Population and health policy and programs in Nepal lg

10.1 Development of population and health policies
10.2 constitutional provisions/legal provisions on population and health
10.3 Development of Public Health delivery system
10.4 Role of private and NGO sectors in service delivery
10.5 Health economics/health financing;
10.6 Public- private partnership in health service delivery
10.7 Major population and health programs

Project Work 30
Pl Project work/classroom seminar
Identifu the relationships between and among demographic yariables and health. Prepare the
frameworkfor link of the variables.
P2 Project work/ classroom seminar
Dffirentiate between and among health. Prepare the frameworkfor link of the variables.
P3 Project work/classroom seminar
Identify the nutritional deficiencies among populations by socioeconomic, ethnic and locational
dffirences. Discuss on the dffirential nutritional status and recommend some shift in food habirs
for
a given community
P4 Project work/ classroom seminar
Discuss on the dffirential needs for children and methods adopted to avert birth among dffirent
group of people. Identifu the reasons separately for them. Conduct debate on how they cope with
family planning, and suggest policies for the local governance or municipalities.
P5 Project work/ classroom seminar
Public health management is now devolved to local municipalities. Study the framework of service
providing and service obtaining mechanism in Nepal. ir,.
P6 Project work/ classroom seminar ,--, i 1.--.- ,
Discuss on the historical shtfting of morbidity and mortality conditions as well o, of )eotlrs. ,'
d1 1 '7 ?
Study theframework ' of diseases,wilh respect to tfo mu$kipality of the "orr& ., r
loccttion of C'agpuslCollege,' ' '.-
and suggesrfor rhe best remedia*';t
u.rfi,rr- (1 i;";.:: -
P7 Project work/classroom seminar
Present the maior findings offield visit of institutions like units of National Federation of Disability Nepal
and Nepal Association of Blinds in dffirent provinces and districts as well as municipalities and
dffirent stakeholders (GOs, NGOs, CSOs etc.) at local, provincial anclfederal levels.
P8 Project work/ classroom seminar
Prepare ltpes of environmental hazards and their fficts on health. Present the
findings offield study of
local disaster management committee and suggest ways of coping conditions of clisaster in urban,
rural, mountain and hill and Tarai areos.
P9 Project work/classroom Seminar
Present the majorfindings personal observations of nearby settlements regarding prevalence of
morbidity conditions and make a pseudo decisions to respond to their health nnurlt.
P10 Project work/classroom seminar
Do a pseudo exercise for preparing health policies in federal, provincial and local levels basecl on the
observations ofnearby settlements and data produced by primary and secondary sources. prepare a
separate paper individually and submit to the departmentfor evaluation.

Reading list (for all units)

Devkota, B.M., Dhungel, H. & Nepali J. C. (2020). Population and Health. Kathmandu: Heritage
Publishers and Distributers Pvt. Ltd.

Unit I
1. Behavioral and social sciences research. (nd.), Social and behavioral theories. Retrieved from
hup://www.esourceresearch.org/eSourceBook/SocialandBehavioralTheories/4ImpoftantTheor
iesandTheirKeyConstruct sltabidl 73 0 lDefault.aspx
2. Karki, R., Paudal, R., Shah, S. K., Jha, w., & Basel, p. (2014). A textbook of epidemiology.
Kathmandu: Makalu publication house.
3. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. (20 I 5, January 22). Concept of disease and health
(First published Sep. 22,2008). Retrieved May 30, 2019, from
https ://plato. stanford. edu/entries/health-di sease/
4. Svalastog, A. L., Doney, D.,I(ristoffersen, N. J., &Sre6ko, G. (2017). concept and definitions
of health and health-related values in the knowledge landscapes of the digitaisocj .(c.M.
Journal, Producer) Retrieved from I
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC577s676lpdflcroatMedJ 5gy'

Unit II
5. Adhikari, K. (nd). lntroduction to family health (Slide share ppt.). Retrieved from
https://www.caftercenter.org/resources/pdfs/health/ephti/library/lecture notes/health extensio
n_trainees/LN_HEW_fmy_hlth_final.pdf o j
6. Dhital, S. R., &Dhital, M. K. (2013). A textbook of basic public health. Kathmandu: . *P :"8
Bidhyarathi Pustak Bhandar. ,*"'q *d
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7. The family life cycle (Slideshare.ppt). (nd). Retrieved from :
https://www.google.com/search?client:firefox-b-d&biw:1 3 6 6&bih:654&ei=SLyDXbA- n.rd.o^.lo'
ic2- T.u,s\*'
BKSdhJAB&q:Evelyn+Duvall+The+FAMILY+LIFE+CYCLE+8+g{ngss&oq:Evelyn*Duv
alI+The+FAMILY+LIFE+CYCLE+8+Stages&gs_l=pry-
ab.12... 1 4933 .252 | 5 ..3 0009... 0. 0.. 0. I 6 1 . 197 t .}jl 4...... 0...
8. Simon, J., Rosen, S., Claeson, M., Breman, A., & Tulloch, J. (2001). Family health cycle:.
From concept to implementation. Retrieved June l, 2019, from ;-.\
 10' Hoddinott, J., &Yohannes, Y. (2002). Dietary diversity as a food security indicator, FCND
discussion paper No.136. Retrieved from
http:llebrary.ifpri.orglutils/getfile/collection/p1573 Scoll2lidl 81672lfilename/81673.pdf on
June 1,2019.
11. Oomman, N., Lule, E.,Yazirani. D., &Cchabra, R. (2003). Inequalities in health, nutrition
and population. Retrieved from:
https://openknowledge.worldbank.orglbitstream lhandlel10986l29S74l12g759-wp-pUBLIC-
NEPAlPRo.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y on May 20, ZOl9,
12. Shrimpton, R., Mbuya, N.v., & provo, A. M. (2016, May 1g). The couple burden of
malnutrition in East Asia and Pacific: evidence and lessons for a multi-sectoral response.
Discussion paper 2016. Retrieved from:
https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986 12610Zl1l2g52-Wp-
DoubleBurdenofMalnutritioninEAP-PUBLIC.pdf?sequence: 1 &isAllowed:y
13. Social Policy Evaluation and Research Unit (SUPERU). (2105). The wider economic a1d
social costs of obesity: a discussion of the non-health impacts of obesity in New Zealand,.
Retrieved from https://
www.suPeru.govt.nz/sites/default/files/Economic"/"20and%20socia1%20c ost"/o2Oofo/o20obesity.
pdf on May 20,2019.
14. WHO/LINICEF/JMP. (2015). Programmes improving nutrition outcomes with better water,
sanitation and hygiene: Practical solutions for policies and programmes improv ing,2079,
from WHO: https://www. who.int/water_sanitation_healthlenl. Retrieved on May 30
15, Woldt, M., USAID, FANTA, & 360, F. (nd). Dietary diversity for human development and
health(ppt'presentation).RetrievedonJunel,2o1g,from:
https://www.fantaproject.org/sites/default/ files/MSN GLEE-DC_DietDiv Monica-
Woldt.pdf .+ f
Unit IV n E
16. Dhital, s. R., & Dhital, M. K. (2013). A textbook of basic public health. ratnmanj,'i+;;r*,T'-"k
Bidhyarathi Pustak Bhandar. D.o'or+t"
17. USAID. (2013). Technical reference materials: Family planning. Retrieved on May 28,201 9r''1"'
from https://www.k4health.org/sites/default/files lfamily _planning_trms_final_20 1 3 .pdf
Unit V
18. C.Vaishnavi. (2105). Public health. Retrieved on May 30,2019, from
https://www.slideshare.net/vyshsedhu/ principles-of-primary-health-care?qid:09d 1 dbll-
f9ff-4379-8531-13e64788e039&v=&b= &from search:3O
/1 t
l/ /1 / ^ - lt,A,t
19. Dhital. S. R.. & Dhital, M. K. (2013). A textbook of basic public health. Kathmandu: v ( l/v\'rL/-
Bidhyarathi Pustak Bhandar. 4 -
20. Mutwake, A. (nd). Concept of health, health for all and primary health care (ppt.). Retrieved
May 30, 2019, from https://www.slideshare.net/abdelrahim/concept-of-phc-
3 692 I 9 0? fr om_action:save

21. Rhodes, P., & H.Bryant, J. (nd). public health. Retrieved on May 30,2019, from
https://www.britannica.com/ topic/public-health/Progress-in-public-health
22. WHO' (2010). Key components of a well-functioning health system. Retrieved May 29,2019,
from https://www.who. int/healthsystems/EN_HsSkeycomponents.pdflua: 1

Unit VI
23. Dhital, S. R., & Dhital, M. K. (2013). A textbook of basic public health. Kathmandu:
Bidhyarath i Pustak Bhandar.
24. Karki, R., Paudal, R., Shah, S. K., Jha, W., & Basel, p. (2014). A textbook of epidemiology.
Kathmandu: Makalu Publication House.
 26. R., B., R. Beaglehole, & Kjellstrom, T. (2006). Basic epidemiology (2nd
edition). Retrieved
on May 30,2019, from WHO:
https ://drive.uqu. edu. sa/_/m aatial filesl Basico/o2}epidem iol ogy. pdf
Unit VII
27 .
Gender, Sex and Health (Slideshare pp. presentation). (n.d.). Retrieved from
https://www.slideshare.net/ SUMMAHaswin/gendersex-and-health-summah?qid=
1 45 57 410-
5 c69 - 4 1 d0-b4 8 f-f9 6 b7 c52 t2 5 4 &v : &b: &from search: 5 2.
28. Oomman, N., Lule, E.,Yaziranj, D., &Cchabra, R. (2003). Inequalities in health, nutrition
and population. Retrieved on May 30, 2019, from
https://openknowledge.worldbank.orglbitstream I handlel10986129574l123759-Wp-
PUBLIC-NEPALPRO.pdfl sequence: I &i sAllowed=y
29. Purayil, A. V. (n.d.). Retrieved from: https://wvw.slideshare.net/anivvp/gender-and-sex-
id:l4ss74 1 d0 -b4 Bf-f96 b7 c52 1 25 4 &v:&b:&fi
rch:46.
30. Sharma, M.P. (2011). Population, Environment and of Lfe Kathmandu:
Quality Heritage
Publishers and Distributers Pvt. Ltd.
31. WHO. (2011). World report on disabiliry. tom
https ://www.who. int/disabilities/wo rld_reportl 20 I I I en/
32. WHO. (nd)' An introduction to equitable water safety planning (ppt.). Retrieved June
I ,2019,
fromhttps://www.who.intlwater sanitation_health/pubiicationi/equiiabte-* splen/
3 3 . WHO. (20 1 8). Disability and heatth. from :lttps ://www.who.
i ntlnews-room/fact-
sheets/detai l/disabi I ity-and-health
34. WHO;IINICEF;JMP. (2019). Progress on household drinking water, sanitation and hygiene
2000-2017: special focus on inequalities. from:
35. Dan Goodley (2011). Disability studies: An interdisciplinary introduction.
36. Anna Lawson,Caroline Gooding, (2005). Disability rights in Europe: from theory to practice.
37. Colin Barnes, Mike Oliver and Len Barton (2002), Diiability Stud-ies Today.
38. Paul T. Jaeger, Cynthia Ann Bowman (undated). Understanding disability, inclusion
access
diversity and civil rights.
39. Ralph Kober (editor),(undated) Enhancing the quality of life of persons with disabilities,
from
theory to practice, Social indicators research series 4l
40. Michael oliver, (1996) Understanding disability: From theory to practice, in the Journal
of
Sociology and Social Welfare, Volume 23,
41. Colin Barnes and Geof Mercer, (2005) Understanding impairment and disability: towards
an :
international perspective. ' . :,'h, E
.. t$F I
Unit VII ..ffi J
42. Dhital, S. R., & Dhital, M. K. (2013). A textbook of basic public health. Kathmandkuz"{_
Bidhyarathi Pustak Bhandar.
i*'.S.
rorHu$"*;sD-o.ss
43' Riahi-Zanjani, 8., Azam,A. G., & Balali-Mood, M. (2016).Effect of air pollution on nu*uffi.,+to
health and practical measures for prevention in Iran. Retrieved May 30, 2b19, from
ResearchGate: DOI : I 0.4 I 03 I t7 3 5 - 199 5 .1 89 646
44. Speidel, J. J. (2000). Environment and health. Retrieved on May 30,2019,from
163(5):ltpsZwryw.ncUi.ntrn.nt ggAsi -"il;
') \tv\t\ cM4d
/^ -
lh_arya, M.P.
45. (2011). Population, Environment and euality of Ltfe Kathmandfi,|Kr,vffi
Publishers and Distributers Pvt. Ltd.
46. The European Environment. (2010). Environment, health and quality of life.
Retrieved on
May30,2019,fromhttps://www.eea.europa.eu/soer/synthesis/iynthesis/chapter5.xhtml
47. WHO. (nd). Health and climate change. Retrieved from

48.

49.
 50. WHO/LINICEF/JMP. (2015). Programmes improving nutrition outcomes with better water,
sanitation and Hygiene:Practical solutions for policies and programmes improving. Retrieved
on May 3 0, 20 19, from WHO : https ://www.who. inVwater_sanitation health/en/

Unit IX
51. Nepal government publications:
52. Annual health statistics reports (DoHS)
53. Maternal Mortality and morbidity studies (1998,2008)
54. Nepal demographic and health surveys (past to 2016)
55. Nepal health sector strategy program O{HSSP), Phase I, II and III
56. Gender and social inclusion (GESD policy of Nepal

Unit X
57. Haycox, A. (2009). What is health economics? Retrieved from: http://www.bandolier.org.uk/
painres/download/whatis/What is health_econ.pdf
58. Uprety, S. & Lamichhane. B. tZltO Ueatttr budgeting and financing in Nepal: policy
perspective. Retrieved from
https://www.herd.org.np/uploads/frontend/Publications/PublicationsAttachments l/14805 g23 I
6'Health%o20 Bu d getin go/o20 ando/o2}F i nancin g% 20 ino/o2}N epar%20 -
%20P olicyYo2 0Perspective s.pdf
59. Nepal government publications:
60. The Constitution of Nepal
61. Long and short term population and health policies of Nepal
62. Population and health policies incorporated in various development plans
63. Annual health statistics reports

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15
 Faculty Humanities and Social Sciences
Subject Population Studies
Level Bachelor
Course Code Pop.423
Title Basic Demographic Analysis
Total duration 4 Years
Course duration One Year
Offered year Second
Paper III
Full Marks 100
Theory 70
Practical (Internal) 30
Total Teachinp Ilours 150

Objectives
The objectives of Basic Demographic Analysis are to make student familiar with basic methods and
materials of demography and to develop skills that can be used in the demographic analysis. Class
lectures will deal with application, data requirement, assumptions, limitations, and interpretation of
the results of each method. The course begins with basic methods of demographic techniques.

Units Topic and Content Teaching hours

Unit I: Sources and evaluation of demographic data 16

A Sources of demographic data
I .l Concept and type of demographic data
1.2 Census (concept, methods, merits/ demerits/uses)
1.3 Sample survey (concept, methods, merits/ demerits/uses)
1.4 vital registration systems (concept, methods, merits/ demerits/uses)
1.5 Concept of service statistics, administrative record and civil registration system

B Types of errors in demographic data

1.6 Coverage (over enumeration & under enumeration)
1.7 Content errors (age miss-reporting error & recall lapse error)
C Methods of detecting errors
1.8 Age- sex ratios and cross check 4'"rrffi"$"r".$--"
1.9 Whipple index and UN age- sex accuracy index nsti: - -..:?"
1.l 0 Importance of data for Population Studies

Unit II: Age and sex composition

A. Evaluation of age data: single year and five year age distribution /,{r /".", !.'n r
B. Age composition
2.1 Concept and measures (demographic dividend, dependency ratios: child decency ratio, old
dependency ratio, working age population ratio: aging index)
C. Sex composition
2.2 Concept and measures sex ratio: (sex ratio at birth, sex ratio at death, sex ratio at migrants)
D. Age and sex pyramid r.,
2.3 Construction of population pyramid
2.4 Discussion on population pyramid from developed and devei6ping countrie$:
2.5 Importance of age sex structure and composition in Population Studies i,
4(
ptu
h, 16 t
 Unit III: Basic concepts t6
A. Estimation of population growth rate
3.1 Natural increase and balancing equation
3.2 Arithmetic growth
3.3 Geometric growth
3.4 Exponential growth
3.5 Doubling time
B. Estimation of population growth rate
3.6 Basic concept of projection
3.7 Populationestimation
3.8 Populationprojection
3.9 Populationforecast
3.10 Application of demographic estimation and Population Studies

Unit IV: Measures of nuptiality

4.1 Concept and types of marital status
4.2 Measurements of marital status (crude and general marriage rates)
4.3 Mean age at marriages
4.4 Median age at marriages
4.5 Importance of nuptiality for development
'

Unit V: Fertility measures

5.1 Concepts and measurement
5.2 Cohort and period fertility
5.3 Measurement of fertility rates
- Crude birth rates (CBR)
- General feftilib/ rates (GFR)
- Age specific fertility rate (ASFR)
- Age specific marital fertility rate (ASMR) s
- Total fertility rate (TFR) .'%
fr rr*;'""';s{
- Total marital fertility rate(TMFR) [::1,t]"-
- Gross reproduction rate (GRR) T.$.
- Net reproduction rate (NRR)
- Child women ratio (CWR)
5.4 Importance of feftility measures in Population Studies

Unit VI: Mortality measures and morbidity

6.1 Concepts and causes of morbidity
6.2 Incidence and prevalence rate
6.3 Measurement of mortality rates
- Crude death rates (CDR)
- Age specific death rates (ASDR)
- Infant mortality Rate (IMR)
- Child mortaliry (CMR)
- Under-five mortality Rate (U5CMR)
- Maternal mortality ratelratio
- Pregnancy wastage(foetal and pe-rinataf*ates/ratios)
6.4 Importance of mortality mearrrefin Pbpulatiop Studies

Unit VII: Life tables *^ *.'' a

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7.3 Types oitif. tables (complete tiie'tabfes:5ftddlrtge tife table)
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 7.4 Uses of life table

Unit VIII: Measures of migration and urbanization

A Migration
8.1 Basic concepts and terminologies
8.2 Migration rates (gross/ net migration rate for national/international)
8.3 Importance of migration for development
B. Urbanization
8.4 Basic concepts
8.5 Level and tempo of urbanization
8.6 Importance of urbanization for development
Unit IX: Measures of health statistics
9.1 Concept of health statistics
9.2 Measurement of health statistics rates
Doctor population ratio
Doctor hospital ratio
Doctor nurse ratio
Doctor patient ratio
- Male- female patient ratio
- Doctors administrative ratio
- Doctors hospital bed ratio
- Patients hospital bed ratio
9.3 Importance of health indicator for social development
Unit X: Measures of business and political demography
A. Measurements business demography
ll,vffi
l0'1 Concepts, types of business enterprises in Nepal, registration and current statistics of
business enterprises in Nepal
10.2 Measurements business demography rates
- Company population ratio, public Ltd. ratio, private Ltd. ratio, paftnership firm population
ratio
- Urban and rural company ratio
- Production and distribution company ratio
10.3 Importance of business for social development
B. Measurements politicat demography rates
10.4 Concept of delineation , electoral constitution making process , representation of local,
provincial and federal governments
10.5 Measurements political demography rates
- Electoral representatives of women/ Dalit/ indigenous group in constitution of local,
provincial and federal governments
10.6 Importance of political demography for social development

Project work 30
Pl Project work/classroom seminar
Field study of agencies collecting demographic data as, rural rnunicipalities, municipalities,
ffices
related to population, public health, NGOs working in local or provincial or nationil level.
P2 Project work/classroom seminar
Exercise on real data of rural municipalities,
P3 Project work/classroom seminar
Exercise on real data of rural municipality, municiSfr,;ltty and prottincioldi&
seminar ''' *"
P4 Project work/classroom , . ,;-=.
Exercise on the basis of real nuptiality data that could be derivectfrory census,

18 A*,
statistics documents of national, province, rural municipali4t and municipality level.
P5 Project work/classroom seminar
Exercise on the basis of real fertility datct that could be derived from census, survey or service
statistics documents of national, province, rural municipality, municipality level.
P6 Project work/classroom seminar
Exercise on the basis of real mortality data that could be derived from census, suruey or service
statistics documents of national, province, rural municipality, municipality level.
P7 Project work/classroom seminar
Exercise on the basis of real data that could be derivedfrom census, survey of national and province
level for life table construction.
P8 Project work/classroom seminar
Exercise on the basis of real migration and urbanization data that could be derived from census,
survey or service statistics documents of national, province, rural municipality, and municipality
level.
P9 Project work/classroom seminar
Exercise on the basis of real health statistics data. derived from hospital in national, province, rural
mun i c ip al ity, and mun ic ip al ity I ev e l.
P10 Project work/classroom seminar
Exercise on the basis of real business and political demographic data that could be derived from
national, province, rural municipality, and municipality level.
Reading list
1. C.Vaishnavi.(2105).Public health. Retrieved May 30,2019, from
https ://www. slideshare.net/vyshsedhu/principles-of-primary-health-
are?qid:O9d I db I 3 -f9ff-437 9 -853 I -7 3 e647 88e03 9&v:&b:&from_search:3 0
2. Devkota Bijaya Mani (2019). Basic demographic analysis. Kathmandu: Heritage Publishers
and Distributers Pvt. Ltd.
3. Dhital, S. R., &Dhital, M. K. (2013).A textbook of basic public health. Kathmandu:
B idhyarath i Pustak Bhandar.
4. Mishra, B. D. (1995). An Introduction to the study of population. Bombay: South Asian
Publishers. ed II.
5. Mitchell, S. (1995). Birds of a feather. American Demographics. 17 (2):40-48
6. Sharma, M.P. (2011). Population Analysis. Kathmandu: Global Education Pvt. Ltd.
7. Morrison, Peter A. and Allan F. Abrahamse (1996). Applying demographic analysis to store
site selection. Population Research and Policy Review. 15:479-489.
8. Newell, C. (1994). Methods and models in demography. Chichester: John Wiley and Sons.
9. Population Reference Bureau (2005). Population handbook. Washington DC: Population .;",
ReferenceBureau. \-4,-*'W
..;{4iH,5..,,
10. Russell, Cheryl. (1984). The business of demographics. Population Bulletin 39 (3). ..t'
Washington DC: Population Reference Bureau. '+o*.rn .u 9'
11. Shryock, H. S., Siegel, J. S., & Associates. (1976). The methods and materials of 4o*r'uodt
demography. San Diego, California: Academic Press, lnc. It.r., r,ru';nes
12. Siegel, Jacob S. 2001. Applied demography: applications to business, government, law and
public policy. San Diego: Academic Press.
13. Singh, M.L. (2014). Understanding research methodology (Upgraded and Revised)
Kathmandu: National Book Centre Bhotahity. /
14. Subedi, Govind (2020).Political Demography of Nepal: Paffern, Trend andEmer{/n
Landscopes. Kathmandu: Bhrikuti Publication
/#,
15. Weeks, j. n. ltee+;. Population: An introdu.tibn to concepts and issues. California:
International Thomson Publishing.
 Faculty Humanities and Social Sciences
Subject Population Studies
Level Bachelor
Course Code Pop.424
Title Basic Mathematics and Statistics for population Studies
Total duration 4 Years
Course duration One Year
Offered year Second
Paper IV
Full Marks 100
Theory 70
Practical (Internal) 30
Total Teachins Hours 150

Objectives

The general objective of this course is to make students familiar with a set of mathematical
and
statistical methods in Population Studies. It provides the basic mathematical and
statistical knowledge
as well as application. The course includes learning objectives to familiarize
the students by reviewiig
the basic mathematical and descriptive statistics for the application of Population Studies,
to enable
students to gain appropriate knowledge of conelation urd i"gr"ssion analysis, to provide
theoretical
knowledge of the students about probability theories, and to piovide the knlwledge
and application to
set statistical hypothesis.

Units Topic and Content Teaching hours.,

/-/. .

Unit I: Set theory

1.1 Concept of set (universal set, null set and Venn diagram)
1.2 Set operation (union, intersection, difference and complementation)
1.3 Cardinality of set
1.4 Application of sets in population Studies i;:;,,,$
unit rI: Function, Elementary Algebra Logarithms and analytical Geometry A6
A. Function
2.1 Definition (with illustration) of function /44*y/'
2.2 Defined function, its domain and range(one- to- one function, one- to- many functi"*$&;- -
to- one function and many- to- many function)
2.3 Application of function in population Studies
B. Elementary algebra
2.4 concept of constant, variable, algebraic expression and series: Ap &Gp
2.5 Concept ofrate, ratio, proportion and percentage change
2.6 Properties of logarithms and indices
2.7 Application of algebraic expression, rate, ratio, proportion and logarithmic in Population
Studies
C. Analytical geometry t
2.8 Concept and equation
2.9 Equation of straight lines (parallel to axes, srope intercept from and
2.10 Application of analytical geometry in population Studies
:\
,l' ll
 Unit III: Concept of matrices and determinants 16
A. Matrices
3.1 Concept of matrix and vector
3.2 Types of matrix, matrix operation: addition, subtraction, scalar multiplication and matrix
multiplication, properties of matrices
3.3 Calculation of inverse matrix method (up to three unknowns)3
3.4 Application of matrix algebra in Population Studies
B. Determinants
3.5 Concept and properties of determinants
3.6 Calculation of determinant method (up to three unknowns)
3.7 Methods of solving linear equations
3.8 Application of determinants algebra in Population Studies

Unit IV: Descriptive statistics t6

A. Measurements
4.1 Types of data and measurements
4.2 Individual series discrete and continuous data
4.3 Classification of data, frequency distribution, graphical representation in Population Studies
B. Measures of central tendency
4.4 Mean, median, mode decennials, quartiles and percentiles
4.5 Merits and demerits of different measurements of central tendency
C. Measures of dispersion
4.6 Range, quarlile deviation, mean deviation standard deviation, variance and coefficient of
variation
4.7 Merits and demerits of different measures of dispersion
4.8 Application of descriptive statistics in Population Studies

Unit V: Summarization of bi-variate data

5.1 Categorical variables and independence in contingency tables
5.2 Correlation coefficient (Karl Pearson and Spearman)
5.3 Simple regression equations
5.4 Application of bi-variate data in Population Studies

Unit VI: Index number

6.1 Concept of index number
6.2 Types of index number
6.3 Application of index number in Population Studies
l/php--
Unit VII: Probability 8
7.1 Concept of probability (random experiment, trial, event, favorable cases, likely cases,
exhaustive cases and unlikely cases)
7.2 Permutation and combination
7.3 Addition, multiplication theorem
:

7.4 Application of probability in Population Studies

.o "F
Unit VIII: Population and sampling F (,
':)
8.1 Concept of population, population parameter, su*ryf,Srtutistics ,i
8.2 Concept, types of sampling (pro@bility and non-pltbability sampling) "t()
8.3 Determining sample size ";e- /)..
'/ ).
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 8.4 Application of sampling in Population Studies

Unit IX: Estimations t2

9.1 Concepts of estimation and estimators
9.2 Properties of good estimator
9.3 Concept of point and interval estimation
9.4 Application of estimations in Population Studies
Unit X: Hypothesis testing t6
10.1 Concepts of parametric and non-parametric test
10.2 Test of mean (t, z test for single and double mean)
10.3 F test (two variance test)
10.4 Chi square test
10.5 Application of hypothesis testing in population Studies

Project work 30
Pl Project work: classroom workshop/seminar/presentation
Practical focused on selection of appropriate method for set accorcling to demography variables.

P2 Project work/classroom seminar

Practical focused on selection of appropriate method for
function, elemenrary geometry and
analytic al ge ometry in demo graphic variab le s.
P3 Project work/ classroom seminar
Practical focused on selection of appropriate method for matrix and determinants in demographic
variables.
P4 Project work/classroom seminar
Practical on similarities and dffirences measurements of descriptive statistics and their applicabiliyy .
to real siluations *_
.-:
P5 Project work/classroom seminar d

Practical on applicabiliry and selection of test in real situations; interpretation of cofficienill(g

o?
adjusted values and confidence interval
P6 Project work/classroom seminar og6r's 6$1s
Practicalfocused on selection of appropriate methodfor index number in demographic data. P.U,, xLrt'"P$
P7 Project work
Practical on similarities and dffirences among theories and their appticability to real situatiorTg.
t
P8 Project work/classroom Seminar l/ n I ^ - bAt
Field survey for determining the sample in real situations followed by the submission ,na hlr!/ouod
presentations by students in given problems
L'*----
/-{
P9 Project work
Practicalfocused on selection of appropriate methodfor analysis according to dffirential nature of estimations.
P10 Project work
Practicalfocused on selection of appropriate methodfor analysis according to dffirential nature of
hypothesis testing

Reading list
1. Bajracharya. B.C. (2005). Basic mathematics. Kathmandu: MK. Publishers & Distributors.
6. Grewal, S.S. (2009). Quantitative techniques. New Delhi-110002: Maxford Books.
7. Gupta, S.C. (201l). Fundamentals of statistics. Delhi: Himalaya publishing
House.
8' Jain, S. K. (1982). Basic mathematics for demographers. Canberra: The Aistralian
National
University.
9' Nachmais, C. F. and D. Nachmais (1996). Research methods in the social sciences.
New
York: St. Martin Press.
10. Subedi, P. K. and L. S., Kunwar (2008). Quantitative techniques in population Studies (for
MA Level). Kathmandu: Ratna pustak Bhandar.

c.)
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Faculty Humanities and Social Sciences
Subject Population Studies
Level Bachelor
Course Code Popt 425-l
Title Population, Resources and Governance
Total duration 4 Years
Course duration One Year
Offered year Third
Paper v
Full Marks r00
Theory 70
Practical (Internal) 30
Total Teachins Hours 150

Objective
The general objective of this course is to familiarize students with major trends and issues in global
population dynamics linked to resources, environment and governance. This course attempts to Jarif,
the importance of population issues in relation to sustainable development, that is, significance of thl
'new understanding' of the dynamic population-environment-development interielationship and
capacitate students to identi$z challenges and opportunities in linking population with resources and
environmental governance.

Units Topic and Content Teaching hours

Unit I: Introduction to population, resources and governance t5

1.1 Meaning and types of population, resources and governance
1.3 Mainstreaming population and resources
1.4 Three tiers of governance system in Nepal
1.5 Population planning, resource mapping and governance
UnitII: Theories related to population, resources and governance 15
2.1 Population theory, economic growth, and physiology
2.2 Determinants of population and resources (natural, agricultural, indigenous,
resources)
2.3 Basic theory of human capital
2.4 Modeling development theories
2.5 Theories of leadership

UnitIII: Measurement of population and resources 15 ?'il" v;

3.1 Linking demographic processes (fertility, mortality and migration) w
3.2 Public and private sector planning
3.3 Demographic analysis in planning process
3.4 Population growth rate and resource mobilisation
3.5 Sustainable consumption and production patterns
Unit IV: Population and environment 15
4.1 Concept and types of environment
4.2 energy) i'\
Population growth and resource scarcity (soil, wafcr, air,.forest,
,;..
4.3 de_velopmeni"
Impact of population growth on sustainable
4.4 ;;i.;n.gn";d
Afiordable, ,.liubl., sustainable und ,,.. ", ,',:"'.,t'''jt ,1
4.5 Resilient and sustainable human settlements
.. 5 ,E i #*t,";i.-,:j'
..1. ., , .i1*. ,,1
4.6 .
:,i
Main drivers and challenges of envirorryrtal/degradation
,!..:

=4}. "',' *&'"# ')t,. Y \.,

8,"%, 2';';
 Drivers : population growth, economic growth, consumption, biodiversity
Challenges: Environmental protection, Iocal governance, state governance, global governance

Unit V: Population and development debate 15

5.1 From problematic objects to resourceful subjects
5.2 Demographic transitions and domestic saving
5.3 Population and poverty:New views on an old controversy
5.4 Major population debates (Bucharest, Mexico and ICPD, World Social Summit)
5.5 Equity and equality debates (Beijing conference and MDGs, SDGs)
Unit VI: Population and governance 15
6.1 Concept ofgood governance
6.2 Components of good governance
6.3 Good governance and development: corelations and disaggregation
6.4 Governance principles, institutional capacities and quality

Unit YII: Population and local planning in Nepal 15

7 .l Concept of local government planning
7 .2 Processes/Steps of local government planning
7.3 Evidence-based planning in local governance
7.4 Composition, power and functions of local governance
7.5 Opportunities and challenges of local governance in planning

Unit VIII: Population and leadership development 15

8.1 Concept of population and leadership development (Meaning, principles, types and
significance)
8.2 Leadership and good governance (Role and functions)
i i f
8.3 Leadership and development (economic development, socialjustice and {w{cffi@fy,
8.4 Qualities of good leadership (Value, ethics and principles)
8.5 women population and leadership in Nepal: opportunities and challenges

Project work 30
Guideline for oroiect work: Descriptive researchpaper based onfietcl visit by making simple
questionnaire at local government ffice to be assigned by subject teacher and approied iy the
Municipality fficial.

Reading list

Unit I
1. Government of Nepal (2015). Constitution of Nepal. Available in Nepal Law Commission's
website. http://www.lawcommission.gov.np/np/archives/category/doiuments/prevailing-
Iaw/constituti on/constitution-of-nepal.
2. Livi-Bacci, Massimo (2012). A Concise History of World Population. Fifth edition. Oxford:
Wiley-Blackwell. https://leseprobe.buch.de/images-adb/eblOUebOl4cS2-baad-4e7a-
B6 d0 -37 7 dc48 fb e2f .p df .

3. Resource Panel(2019). Global resources outlook 2019. Available from

https ://www, resourcepanel.org/reports/global-resources-outlook,
 Unit II

7. Boserup, E. (2013). Development theory: An analytical framework and selected application.

Population Council. Available from https://www.jstor.orglstable/2137719?
seq:1 #page_scan_tab_contents.
8. Fogel, R. W. (1994). Economic growth. Population theory and physiology. Available from
https://www.nber.org/papers/w463 8.
9. Hodgson, D... 1983. Demography as social science and policy science. Population and
Development Review 9(l): 1-31. Available from https://pdfs.semanticscholar.orgl
2a17lf9d1838dde756cdb923debl995a36Oaae7O1.pdf .

10. London School of Economics (n.d.). The basic theory of human capital. Available from
econ.lse.ac.uk/staff/spischke/ec533/AcemogluAutor chapter 1.pdf pDF fi le
11. Population Council (1999). Alfred Marshell on the growth of populition. Population and
Development Review. Vol. 25, No. 4, pp.779-787.
12. Population Council (2013). Adam Smith on population growth and economic development.
Population and Development Review,Yol.2, No. 2 (Jun., 1976),pp. 167-180. Available from
http ://www j stor. org/stablel 1 97 20 I 4.
13' Population Council (2013). Recardo on population. Population and Development Review,
vol. 14, No. 2 (Jun., 1988), pp.339-346. http://wwwjstor.orgistablei l97fflf.
14. Sharma, M.P. (201l). Population, Environment and Quality of Ltfe.Kathmandu: Heritage
Publishers and Distributers Pvt. Ltd.

Unit III
15. MEASURE evaluation project. Lesson 2: Population analysis and
planning.https://www.measureevaluation.org/resources/training/online-courses-and-
resources/non-certificate-courses-and-mini-tutorials/population-analysis-for-planners/lesson-
2/lesson-2-population-analysis-and-planning
16. United Nations (2015). Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).Available from
https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals/.
17' Sharma, M.P. (2011). Population, Environment and Quality of Ltfe. Kathmandu: Heritage
Publishers and Distributers Pvt. Ltd.

Unit fV
18. Social Science Computing Cooperative (SSCC). Population and environment.
https ://www. ssc.wisc. edu/-walker/wp/wp-
content/uplo adsI 20 12 I 0 l/E623 Sustain abilityEvi dence.pdf
19. United Nations (2015). Sustainable development goals (SDGs).Available from
https ://www. Lrn.org/sustai nab l edevelopment/s Lrstain able-deve lopm ent- goal s/
20. Sharma, M.P. (2011). Population, Environment and Quality of Life. Kathm4.nd.ir: I,{eritage
Publishers and Distributers Pvt. Ltd. I ,, . .. *,- ,r:u
*.

Unit V
21. Cavallq Eduardo; Siinchez, Gabriel; Valenzuela, Patricio (2016): Gone with the Wind:
Demographic Transitions and Domestic Saving, IDB Working Paper Series, No. IDB-Wp-
688,Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), washington, DC, Available from
http://hdl.handle.net/1 131917 579. .&..,
22. Merrick Thomas. 2002. Population aBd poverty: New views on an old controversy.
,r,
Intemational Family Planning Perspectives 28(l): 41-45. Available from |\
 24. Schroder, Lena. 2007. From problematic objects to resourceful subjects: An overview of
immigrant-native labour market gaps from a policy perspective. Swedish Economic policy
Review I 4: 7 -3 I . Available from https: I lwww.government.se/
contentassetsl6310cf0f5c5049c6b0e e15d1cfc49b74llena-schroder-from-problematic-
objects-to-resourceful-subjects-an-overview-of-immigrant-native-labour-market-
gaps-from-a-policy-perspective.

Unit VI
25. NASC (2018). Nepal National Governance Survey. Kathmandu:Nepal Administrative Staff
College: Kathmandu.
26. LINDP (nd). A users'guide to meaning of local governance.
https://www.undp.or glcontentldam/aplaws/publication/en/publications/democratic-
govemance/dg-publications-for-website/a-users-guide-to-measuring-local-governance-
ILG%2}Guide.pdf.
27. UNU (2012). Good governance as a concept and why these matters for development policy.
Available from https://www.wider.unu.edu/sites/default/file slwp2012-030.pdf.
28. TINDP (2011). Governance principles, institutional capacities and quality. Available from
httns://wwrv Yr20
0Hu owards Sustairri
29. Sharma, M.P. (2011). Population, Environment and Quality of Life. Kathmandu: Heritage
Publishers and Distributers Pvt. Ltd.

Unit VII
30. Government of Nepal (2015). Constitution of Nepal. Available in Nepal Law Commission's
website. http://www.lawcommission.gov.np/np/archives/category/documents/prevailing-
law/constitution/constitution-of-nepal.
3 1. Government of Nepal (2015). Sthaniya Sarkar SanchalanAin fl-ocal Government Operation
Act) 207 4. Avai lable in Nepal Law Commiss ion. http I I ww w. lawcommission.
:

gov .np I np I ar chiv es I 4 47 6 1 .

32. The Asia Foundation (2018). Local levels in federalism constitutional provisions and the state
of implementation. https://asiafoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/201 8i08ll.ocal-Levels-in-
Federalism_Constitutional-Provisions-and-the-State-of-Implementation-English-Version.pdf.

Unit VIfI
33. Sage Publications (2016). Leadership: theory and practicelPeter Northouse, Western
Michigan University.-Seventh Edition. Available from
https://www.amazon.com/Leadership-Practice-Peter-G-Northouse/dp/l4B 3311536.
34. Pandey, Binda (2019). Women in Nepali Politics. Mandala Bookpoint: Kathmandu.

xr., ,*W
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1116:,r1.--.-,1*
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27
Faculty Humanities and Social Sciences
Subject Population Studies
Level Bachelor
Course Code Pop.425-2
Title Business and Political Demography
Total duration 4 Years
Course duration One Year
Offered year Third
Paper VI
Full Marks 100
Theory 70
Practical (Internal) 30
Total Teachins Hours 150

Objective

The objective of Business and Political Demography is to familiarize the students with meaning,
.on""p| scope and practical application ofbusiness and political demography. This course focuses on
theories, data and how demographic change affectS business and politics.

Part A: Business DemograPhY

Units ToPic and Content Teaching hours

Unit I: Introduction to business demography 10

1 .1 Concept, meaning and definition
1.2 Scope
1.3 Application of business demography

Unit II: Theories of business demography 15

2.1 Early thinking of population (Confucius, Koutilya)
2.2 Pre- Malthusian theories (Mercantilist, Physiocratic)
2.3 Malthusian Theory
2.4 Optimum population theory
2.5 Marxist views on poPulation
2.6 The Business demographic transition (fertility, mortality, migration and urbanization)

. ,
Unit III: Contemporary business demography ._:.,, i
':t
: 15

3.1 Decision making context !f -).rt

r* t\-;\ i
.'

3.2 Site analysis -.",tS*'"

'ffi
.."p;
did
3.3 Market analYsis -,'l" - U'
"'if:}li_itie5 .,
3.4 Market valuation i1'.,r';; $^'-r!--

3.5 Human resource Planning I.1.,7.,'-'"rt.l1$'

3.6 Competitiveanalysis
3.7 Identifying customers and market
3.8 Future of business demograPhY

Unit IV: Demographic data and business deciiion making 10

4.1 Census (agriculture census, industrial census)'
4.2 Sample survey (registration and synthetic data)

Unit V: Concept rf -i.I:-11no

4"r^
dF$sranhv
5.1 Concept of marketing t .'\ -5l'
5.2 Demographi. tu.io..-."lated to bbtentiifiS.,ffi.s
nn*'1(
/hy 28
 5.3 Role of demography in business planning

Part B: Political Demography

Unit VI: Introduction to political demography 10

6.1 Concept
6.2 Meaning and definition
6.3 Scope
6.4 Application of political demography

Unit VII: Theories of political demography 15

7.1 Ancient thinking: Plato, Aristotle, Cicero, Confucius and Koutilya, Mercantilist,
Physiocratic and Political arithmetician thinking
7.2 Modern thinking: Malthus, Marx
7.3 Contemporarythinking
Unit VIII: Population diversity and national uniiy l0
8.1 Political participation (by language, religion, caste, ethnicity and geography: local,
provincial and federal)
8.2 Population factor in local level restructuring in Nepal
8.3 Population as main criteria of apporlionment of electoral seats (Federal and Provincial
Electoral Seats)
8.4 Demography of Election in Nepal

Unit IX: Political implication of migration l5

9.1 Internal rnigration (rural-urban, spontaneous- induced, voluntary- forced di.ohotomy)..,
9.2 Internally displaced persons
9.3 Human trafficking
9.4 International migration (foreign citizens, foreign born population)
9.5 Trend of foreign labor migration
9.6 Refuges
9.7 Indo-Nepalesemigration

Unit X: Demographics of politics, social planning and business

Unit XI: Project work (Descriptive research)

Reading list
1. Pol, L. G., & Thomas, R. K. (1997). Demography for business decision making. London: Greenwood
Publishing Group Inc. (Unit I)
2. Thomas, R. K. (2018). Concepts, methods and practical applications in applied demography.
Memphis, USA: Springer International Publishing. (Unit I, V, VD .
3. Smith, s. K., & Morison, P. A. (2005). Handbook of population. In H. B. Kaplan, D. L.
Poston, & M. Micklin (Eds.), Handbooks of sociology and social research. New York:
Kluwer. Academic/Plenum Publishers (Unit I, VI and VIID.
4. Subedi, Govind (2020). Political Demography of Nepal: Pattern, Trend and Emerging
Landscopes. Kathmandu: Bhrikuti Publicffiion,

Unit fI and Unit VII

5. Weeks, J. R. (2008)._Population: An.introduction to concepts and issues (1Oth ed.). USA:
Thomson Wadsworth. (Unit{lll
".- ,# tX and Xl) ,,' ,.
6. Bhende. A. A.. &Kanitkar. f'.OgZSl. Principles oflf$ulation Studies. Delhi: uimi*taVa;r
PublishingHouse(UnitIIandis.+;.."5.dL,".i".,},i
",::., .' ra
^ ,::r.,..". .-,/',i':.;.\.
Unit III and IV
7. Pol, L. G., & Thomas, R. K. (1997). Demography for business decision making. London:
Greenwood Publishing Group Inc.

Unit VI
8. Siegel, J. S. (2002). Applied demography: Applications to business, government, law and public
policy. New York: Academic Press.

Unit VI
9. Smith, s. K., & Morrison, P. A. (2005). Handbook of population. In H. B. Kaplan, D. L.
Poston, & M. Micklin (Eds.), Handbooks of sociology and social research. New york:
Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers.
Unit 8
10. Subedi, Govind (2020). Political Demography of Nepal: Pattern, Trend and Emerging
Landscopes. Kathmandu: Bhrikuti Publication

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30
 Faculty Humanities and Social Sciences
Subject Population Studies
Level Bachelor
Course Code Pope426
Title Population Research Methods
Total duration 4 Years
Course duration One Year
Offered year Fourth
Paper IX
Full Marks 100
Theory 70
Practical (Internal) 30
Total Teachins Hours 1s0

Objectives of the course

The objective of this paper is to make students familiar with basic concepts on population and social
science research and report writing. The course is helpful to students to acquire fundamental
principles and methods of population research.

Units Topic and Content Teaching hours

Unit I: Introduction to population research 20

1.1 Meaning of research
1 .2 Objectives of research
1.3 Motivation in research
1 .4 Types of research i- ,,,', . i.
1.5
.

Researchapproaches
-, '!4i1'*'
'1,,\ ;."
1.6 Significance of research
r^ ,-ffi\.?} '9
qd
1.7 Research methods versus methodology
7 of
1.8 Research and scientific method ;1u,..*itr66rcs
st.."o$
1.9 Process of doing scientific research Dea"f
T'u"t(t*""-
1 .10 Criteria of good research
1.1 1 Ethical issues in doing research

Unit II: Research problem and research design 20

A. Research problem
2.1 Defining a research problem and its necessity jt
2.2 Selecting a research problem and its necessity
2.3 Techniques in defining and selecting research problem
B. Research design
2.4 Meaning and needs of research design
2.5 Features of a good research design
2.6 Important concepts related to research design (quantitative, qualitative and mixed method)
2.7 Different types of research designs (experimental, non-experimental, quasi-experimental)
2.8 Basic principles of research designs
Unit III: The study population: Sampling design orpampling technique 20
3.1 Difference between census and sample survelrband population and sample
3.2 Implications of a sample design -

3.3
3.3 Steps in design
rn samplrng
sampling design L. ,b _
3.4 Criteria of selecting a sampling procedure; ,.. - &',,
3.5
3.5
3.6
dgslgn t "'
Characteristics of a good sample dgslgn
,ci
,f "4$ 'i,
Types of sample designs (probability and non-probabilffi)
?.r'

3L
 3.7 Principles and process of random sampling
'l'B Random sample from finite and infinite universe (determining sample size: Need, process
and simple statistical methods)

Unit IV: Measurement and scaling 15

4.1 Measurement in research (asymmetrical, symmetrical and reciprocal)
4.2 Measurement scales
4.3 Sources of error in measurement
4.4 Tests of sound measurement
4.5 Technique of developing measurement tools
4.6 Scaling
4.7 Meaning of scaling
4.8 Scale classification bases
4.9 Important scaling techniques
4.10 Scale construction techniques (arbitrary scale, Likert scale, thrustone scale, Guttman
scale)

Unit V: Methods of data collection in population.research 15

A. Collection of quantitative primary data
5.1 Observation method
5.2 Interview method
5.3 Personal/face to face interview
5.4 Postal service interview
5.5 Telephoneinterview
5.6 Computer assisted interview (CAI)
5.7 Questionnairessurveys
5.8 Collection of data through schedules
5.9 Difference between questionnaires and schedules
5.10 Some other methods of data collection
B. Collection of secondary data
C. Selection of appropriate method for data collection
D. Case study method
E. Rules for constructing q uestionnaire/schedule
F. Rules for undertaking successful interviews

Unit VI: Processing and analysis of quantitative data

A. Data processing and cleaning

6.1 Data editing and coding of survey responses
6.2 Data entry and machine editing
6.3 Design of data collection and entry software with internal and external consistencies
6.4 Problems associated with quantitative data processing
B. Analysis of quantitative data
C. Elements/types of analysis
6.5 Elements and types of data analysis (univariate,,"&ivariate,and multivariate analysis)
6.6 Statistics in research iq
6.7 Measures of central tendency "

6.8 Measures of disoersion

6.9 Measures of asymmetry (skewnes#.r
^
,*^ a$
6. t0 Measures of reiationshlp (concepts'"frS".rii;, in showi
T{ &R6$.,

M"
{.-,
')

32
 Unit VII: Qualitative research methods 15
7.1 Meaning and concept
7.2 Methods of qualitative datacollection
- Focus group discussions (FGD)
- Key informant interview (KII)
- Observation/ethnography(participatoryandNon-participatory)
- Participatory rural appraisal (PRA)
- Rapid rural appraisal (RRA)
- Socialmapping
7.3 Qualitative data analysis
- Content analysis
- Narrative analysis
- Thematic analysis
- Writing case study

Project work 30
Pl Project work
Ask students to select a research problem, set research obiectives and design interview questionnaire
and have discussion on it in classroom.

P2 Project work
All students are asked to select a research problem, write a research proposal incorporating
'- -'r " all
steps ofresearch i.e.
- Research design (quantitative, qualitative or mixed methods)
- Selection of study population and sample size
- Methods of measurements and scaling of variables
- Method of data collection and analysis
- Methods of data analysis and presentation

All students are requested to develop survey/interview questionnaire

Reading list

t. Bhattacherjee, Anol. (2012). Social science research: Principles, methods, and practices.
Textbooks collection. Book 3. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/oa textbooks/3
2. Denzin. N. K. & Lincoln.Y.S. (eds.) (2005). The handbook of qualitative research (3rd
edition). Thousand Oak, USA: Sage Publication.
3. Khatri, B. B. (2013). Research and statistics in population education, (2nd edition).
Kathmandu: Kriti Publication.
4. Kothari, C.R. (2004). Research methodology, methods and techniques (Second revised
edition).New Delhi:New Age lnternational (P) Ltd., Publishers.
5. Kumar, R. (2012). Research methodology. New Delhi: Sage Publications India Pvt. Ltd.
6. Sijapati, D.&Thapa, K., (2013). Social research method. Prathibha Prakashan, patan Dholgt,
Lalitpur.

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,q

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 Faculty Humanities and Social Sciences
Subiect Population Studies
Level Bachelor
Course Code Pop.427-l
Title Migration and Development
Total duration 4 Years
Course duration One Year
Offered year Fourth (Optional)
Paper x
Full Marks 100
Theory 70
Practical (Internal) 30
Total Teachins Hours 150

Objectives
The objective of this course is to familiarize students with interelationship between human migration
and development with main emphasis on history of migration in Nepalese context, fundamental
theoretical concepts, diaspora, student migration, migration governance and other interrelated issues.
This subject covers the following contents:

Unit Topic and Content Teaching hours

Unit I: Introduction to migration 15
l.l Concept and definition of migration i., _./
1.2 Migration typology .
.i. -/',i,:..-/ .
11 .:
1.3 Migration as a voluntary forced dichotomy -""
'-:..',l',1',4' '.1
,s
1.4
1.5
Drivers of migration
Migrationconsequences
.b- ;"ffi
""%frr*-t*'.fuq..
.,F

p.orf
;,;:ri'
Unit II: Theories of migration r.u..'' 15
2.1 Classicaltheories (Ravenstein & Lee)
2.2 Spatial and human interaction (Zipf, Stouffer, Todaro)
2.3 Mobilitytransition (Zelinsky)
2.4 Migration as a world system and livelihood
2.5 Migration as a relative deprivation

Unit III: Migration Governance

3.I International instruments related to migration
3.2 National policies on migration
3.3 Multilateraland bilateral initiatives (Palermo declaration, Colombo process, Abudhabi
dialogues, G2G agreements)
3.4 National networks for migration advocacy
3.5 SDGs and migration: Nepal's context

Unit IV: tr'oreign labour migration in Nepal 15

4.1 Migration stocks and flows
4.2 Cycle of foreign labour migration e
4.3 Recruitment process for foreign laboui- in Nepal: Opportunities and challenges
4.4 Cost of migration (Economic, so"c,ial, cultural)

5.2 Volumes and trends of remittance

&%-,t ,n
 5.3 Utilization of remittance and its contribution in well-being
5.4 Remittance inflows in Nepal from India
5.5 Remittance inflows in Nepal from third countries

Unit VI: Migration and vulnerability 15

6.1 Concept of migration and vulnerability
6.2 Major areas of vulnerability in relation to migration
6.3 Migration and trafficking nexus
6.4 Strategies and approaches to addressing human trafficking and smuggling
6.5 Legal framework against human trafficking
Unit VII: Nepali diaspora and student migration l5
7.1 Historicalbackground
7.2 India migration: Peace and Friendship Treaty and open border issues
7.3 Diaspora in the third world
7.4 Student migration to the developed countries
7.5 Brain gain and brain drain in relation to N'epal's development
Unit VIII: Migration and development
8.1 Migration discourse in relation to development .. '?,
r
*/E
iI'
8.2 Migration and social, economic, cultural development '{&*. &
6)

8.3 Migration, education and health ,t%-.$^+9s

.J,'
8.4 Migration and law ^g -\) ..&

8.5 Migration and political economy "rtt.{"*"+S

Project work

Guideline for proiect work: Descriptive research paper based onfield visit by making simple
questionnaire at local government ffice to be assigned by subject teacher and approved by the
Municipality fficial.

Reading list

UNIT I
1. Bhende, A.A., &Kanitkar, T. (1978). Principles of Population Studies. Delhi: Himalayan
Publishing House.
2. IOM and NIDS (2019). Migration profile of Nepal (upcoming).
3. Shanmugaratnam, Ragnhild Lund and Kristi Anne StOlen (2003).In the maze of
displacement: Conflict, migration and change. Norway:Norwegian Academic Press.
4. Sharma, M.P. (2011). Introduction to Population Studies. Kathmandu: Heritage Publishers
and Distributers Pvt. Ltd.

UNIT II
5. Khatiwada, P.P. (2012). Migration, urbanization and development. Kriti publication,
Kathmandu Nepal.
6. Kirby, G. ZIPF' S LAW. http ://www. geoffkirby.co.uk/ZIPFS LAW.pdf.
7. Lee, E.S. (1966). A theory of migration. Demography, Vol.3, pp. 428-445.
8. Ravenstein, E.G. (1885). The laws of migration,{ournal of the royal statistical society, Vol.
48.pp. 161-235.
9. Ravenstein, (1889). The
b,.U. (18E9).
Kavensteln, E.G. lhe laws ot
of migration.
mtgratton. Journalof
Journal of the royal statisticalsociety, Vg'l*_
V
52,pp.241-305. - L. ^s. .._ ,,
o.-.
ii;H":ii.;liru t). Intoducrionglorduati* ft#k,*f^trrmandu: Herit'age $uti.r,.;'
::,

'0 and Distributers Pvt. Ltd. %q^ ?'-+, ;ii,, *' ,l.\"''-
.V
) C* ^As' /AAr, , -
^'
35 /fu'd4 (* ";;"1r,.,,*.'.ro1-
 11. Todaro, Michael P. (1977).Internal migration in developing countries: A review of
theory,
evidence, methodology and research priorities. Geneva: International Labour Organization.
12. Wilbur Zelinsky (1971). The hypothesis of the rnobility transition. American geographical
society. Vol 6, No. 2, pp.219-249

UNIT III
13' CESLAM (2017). Governing labour migration in Nepal: CESLAM: Kathmandu.
https://www.ceslam.org/docs/publicationManagement/Governing%o20Labouro/o20upd,ated%o2
0 e ditionYo2\2 0 I 7 .p df .

14' IOM (2010). Mainstreaming migration into development planning: A handbook for policy-
makers and practitioners, Global Migration Group: IOM, Geneva.
15. IOM (2018). Migration Governance Snapshot: Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal.
https://migrationdataportal.org/sites/default/files/2018-l l/MGI%20N epal%2;final.pdf
16. Nepal Migration Year Book, 2006-2012. Published by Nepal Institute bf Oevelopment
Studies (NIDS).

UNIT IV
17. Foreign Labor Migration and Trafficking in Persons in Nepal: A situational Analysis.
National Human Rights Commission (2012).
18. IOM and NIDS (2019). Migration profile of Nepal (upcoming).
19. Khatiwada, P.P. (2014).International migration and citizenshlp in Nepal. population
monograph of Nepal. CB S : Kathmandu. https ://cbs. gov.np/wp_
content/uploadsl2}l8ll2/population-Monograph-of-Nepal-2014-volume-I-
FinalPrintReady 1 .pdf.
20. MoLE (2018). Labour Migration for Employment: A Status report for Nepal: 201512016-
201612017. Kathmandu: Ministry of Labour and Employment.
21 . National Population Report 2017 . By MopE.
22' Suwal. B.R. (2014). Internal migration in Nepal. Population monograph of Nepal. CBS:
Kathmandu. https://cbs.gov.np/wp-content/uplo ad,sl2018ll2lPopulation-Monograph-of-
::
Nepal-2014-Volume-I-FinalprintReadyl.pdf. ','t."
*".. ,i6,
o1&urr"*it,"ul*
UNIT V ".-.
23. CESLAM (2017). Labour migration and remittance economy: The socio-political impact.
https ://www. ces lam. org/index.php?pageName:publication &pid=5 5.
?1;:ll.I;
24. Gurung, G., &Khatiwada, P.P. (2013). Nepaliwomen in the Middle East: A case study of
Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, UAE and Kuwait). Kathmandu: NIDS.
25' Michael Lollmair, et.al. (2007). New figures for old stories: Migration and remittances in
Nepal, 2007. https://ideas.repec .orglalmigljournllv3y200 6i2pl5l - l60.htm l.
26. United,Nations (2006). Gender, migration, remittances and A I Ub,
development.https://www.un.org/enldevelopment/desa/population/migratio nleventilllffiiLdV
ion/5/docs/P02_INSTRAW.pdf. VIV- /f --'
UNIT VI
27. Adhikari, J. and Ganesh Gurung (2009). Migration, securiq, and livelihoods: A case of
migration between Nepal and India. NIDS/I{CCR,ZOO}.
28. IIDS and UNIFEM (2004). Status and Dimension of Trafficking within Nepalese Con{ext.
Kathmandu: IIDS and LINIFEM
29. uNDoc (2012). A comprehensive strategy to combat trafficking in perso4q
migrants. https //www. unodc. org/documents/human-
:

36
 31' Government of Nepal. (2008). The immigration manual, 200g.
file: I / I C:lU sers/Admin/Downloads,A{pLg7 47 0.pdf.
32. Jha, HariBansha, Nepal's border relations with India and china.
https://eprints-lib.hokudai.ac jpldspace/bitstream 12115153301/l /EBR4- 1_004.pdf.
33. IOM &MPI (2007). Developing a road map for engaging diasporas in development:
A
handbook for policymakers and practitioners in home una Irori countries.
https://publications.iom.int/system/files/pdf/diaspora_handbook_en_for web 2gmay20l3.pdf

34. United Nations (20 17).International mi gration report.

https://www.un.orglenldevelopment/desa/population/migration/publications/migrationreport/d
ocs/tr4igrationReport20 1 7_Highlights.pdf.
35. Khatiwada, P.P. (2012). Skills and employment services for training migrating Nepali
youth
to India. Report submitted to Employment Fund on behalf of NIDS.
36. Treaty of Peace and Friendship. Signed at Kathmandu, on 31 July
1950.https://web.archive'orglweb/200809110355t2lhttp:lluntreerty.un.org/untsll
60000131910
0004432.pdf .

UNIT VIII
1' Haas, H.D. (2008). Migration and development: A theoretical perspective.https:llwww.
imi-
n.or misration. . .
91 ... I
38. IoM (2018). Migration and the 2030 agenda: A guide for practitioners.
https ://publications. iom. intlsystem/fi les/pdf/sdg_en.pdf.
39. Schiller, N.G. (2009). A global perspective on migrition and development.
https://www.researchgate.net/public ationl233618l77 A Global_peispective_on_Migration
a
nd_Development.

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5/
 Faculty Humanities and Social Sciences
Subject Population Studies
Level Bachelor
Course Code Pop.410
Title Population Diversity of Nepal
Total duration 4 Years
Course duration One Year
Offered year Third (Elective)
Paper vII
Full Marks 100
Theory 70
Practical (Internal) 30
Total Teachins Hours 1s0

Objectives

This paper is designed to draw interest of. 'non-major Population Studies, students to impart
knowledge and information on population diversity of Nepal. Along with issues
on population
diversity of Nepal, it is also likely to give general concepts and methods of constructing population
indicators and their uses in the measurements of development outcomes. The learning
oUleciivl of this
paper is to make students familiar on meaning and importance of population
divlrsity, addressing
population diversity sources of population diversity, components of tieitrdy of population
diversiry]
interrelationship between population and socio-economic/cultural diversity,
of population
growth and change, and policy options to address population diversity. "ornpon"nts

Units Topic and Content Teaching hours

a.:l

UNIT I: Concept of population diversity , 't"h -iT-**

10
1.1 Concept, meaning and importance of diversity '*r,rlrnr$:$d
1.2 Social lnclusion and exclusion
1.3 Population Studies and population diversity
1.4 Demographic transition in Nepal A
1.5 Demographic dividend in Nepal

UNIT II: Brief introduction to Nepal

2.1
V
^vY
Modern history of Nepal (Kingdom of Nepal(1768-2008) and Republic of Nepal (2008-
present)
l5

2.2 Geographical situation of Nepal, physical geography (mountains, lakes, land)

2.3 Environmental situation ofNepal (Resource related issues)
2.4 Government (legislative, executive and judicial, federal government structure)
2.5 Nepali major festivals, meals and dresses
2.6 Ten world heritages of Nepal

UNIT III: Demographic diversity of Nepal ld

3.1 Population distribution: ecological zone, province and local government
3 '2 Diversity trends, patterns and differential (agel sex composition, mamiage, child marriage)

UNIT IV Social and economic diversity of Nepal _15

4.1 Caste/ethnicity ,r.f,
4.2 Mother tongue -,-"
4.3 nw
Language
4.4 Literacy
4.5 Religion
/*@
 4.6 Economic status of Nepal (HDR, GDR, Rank)
4.7 Economic active population
4.8 Occupation and types
4.9 Employment status
4.10 Poverty profile

UNIT V: Population growth rate l0

5.1 Measures of population growth rate (arithmeticllinear,geometric and exponential
population growth rate)
5.2 Population balancing equation
5.3 Population doubling time

UNIT VI: Components of population measures 15

6.1 Component of population, process and measures
6.2 Fertility determinants and measures (CBR,ASFR, TFR, GRRNRR and Child woman ratio)
6.3 Mortality determinants and measures (cDR, ASDR, IMR, cMR, u5MR, MMR)
6.4 Migration determinants, types and measures (out migration, In- migration, GMR and NMR,
immigration and emigration

UNIT VII: Policy options 15

7. 1 constitutional provisions (affirmative actions, fundamental rights)
- Children
- Women
Senior citizens
Persons with disability
Indigenous people
- Dalits
- Madhesi
- Muslims
- Other back warded community (OBC)
7.2 Latest population policy of Nepal
7.3 SDGs and progress
7.4 Social security scheme

UNIT VIII: Adolescent and reproductive health

tt My
10
8.1 Problems of adolescent
8.2 Reproductive health and rights, SRH and SRHR
8.3 Gender equality and social inclusion

UNIT IX: Major issues of population diversity l0

9.1 Issues of quality of life (basic needs; food, cloths, shelter, health, education, security, pure
drinking water, entertainment, employment, environment and natural resources) ,t
9.2 Carrying capacity *,,
9.3 Population, environment and sustainable Development

UNIT X: Data sources for demographic diversity

10.1 Census
10.2 Sample survey
10.3 Vital registration system .-'riI
;#s
10.4 Administrativerecord /e. r
10.5 National and international publication I
/drd)
10.6 Electronic records --/

39
Project work 30
students themselves should be developed a report (Any Topic).Department
Faculties will support or
help to the students (if they need anyiupport). Indiviiuat
ituden{should present their report inJi,ont
of the subject Teacher and head of the iipartment. Research
committee will evaluate the Report.
According to the effort of student, they wiil evaluate on the
basis of 30 marks. full
Reading list

1' Bennett, Lynn, Dilliram Dahal and PavGovindasamy (2008).

Caste, ethnic and regional
identity in Nepal, further analysis of 2006NDHS, calverton,
Maryland, uSA: Marco
International Inc.
2' Bhande, A. &Kanitkar, T.(2010). Principles ofpopulation studies. Tenth edition, Himalaya
Publishing House, Mumbai.
J. CBS, (2011)' Nepal living standard survey 2009110.
CBS, Ramshah path, Kathmandu, Nepal.
4. (2014). Population monograph of Nepal, 2014.yor.I, r
_cBS, & 11r, CBS,^Ru-.ilJiutt,,
Kathmandu. Nepal.
5. CDS/A , (2014). The Nepal multi-dimensional
social inclusion index: diversity and agenda
for inclusive development. central Department of Sociology
and Anthropology, T. U.,
Kirtipur.
6. GESI working Group (2017). A common framework for gender
equaliry and social inclusion,
International Deve I opment partner Group, Nepal
7. MoLJPA (2015)' Constitution of Nepal,2015.
Ministry of Law, Justice and parliamentary
Affairs, KanuniKitabByawasthaSamiti, Babarmahar, Iiathmaniu.
8. & LTNICEF (2017). Demographic change of Nepal: trends and policy
IIC and implication.
9. S' A. (2005).Ethnic and caste diversity: impiication for
fa\
10. PRB, (201l). Population handbook, 6th edition.
development. aog, zoos.

11. Shryock, Henry S. Jacob S' Siegel and Associat

e, (1976). The method and materials of
demography (New York: Academic press).
12. Ministry of Culture, Tourism and civilAviation,20l9.
Kathmandu valley world heritage site.
Depaftment of Archaeology, r Feb 20r 9. Rams ahapath Kathmandu.

.\
. ,3:r.: -V
,"1 1n-'7'
:-' ,;") r'-\y
,t:".
tat
'r'.t :

\:
:q *
,:.!
'it:)

/,fu **K3.:""-*
st6" .r'"":'

40
 tr'aculty Humanities and Social Sciences
Subject Population Studies
Level Bachelor
Course Code Pop. 427 _2
Title Poverty, inequality and social justice
Total duration 4 Years
Course duration One Year
Offered year Fourth
Paper XI
Full Marks 100
Theory 70
Practical (Internal) 30
Total Teaching Hours 150

Objectives

This course has been designed to enhance knowledge of fourth years' students
of Bachelor of Arts
,and to produce university education bachelor level hurnan resources in population, poverly
and
Inequality as the central objectives of university in the necessity of nation
t" n"ip the students in
understanding and explaining the poverty. and inequality, poverfy from
gender perspectives, child
poverty and inequality, poverty and aging issues, poverty uro
."uru.es bf poverty and
inequality, and poverty measures and trends in Nepal. Students "rnptoy*.rf
are evaluated through internal (project
work) and external examination. The learning objlctives are to enhance the
t nowieage of university
education bachelor level students that helps to mitigate the poverty
and inequality, to impart the
students with the advanced Population, Poverly anJlnequality aimed
at conceptualization and to
study the recent theoretical advancements and promote practical applications
of the same

Units Topic and Content Teaching hours

Unit I: Understanding poverty and inequality D
1' 1 Thinking about poverly concepts (household or individual; chronic or temporaryl-ubsotrte
o.
relative)
1.2 Role of population in economic development
1.3 Inequality and development: interconnections
1.4 Means and ends perspective of poverty
1.5 Poverty lines (relative, absolute, and subjective)
1.6 Thinking about inequality concepts (functional distribution of income)
1.7 Poverty and inequality in SDGs

Unit II: Concepts and measures of inequality

A12
2.1 Concepts of inequality
2.2 Advantages and disadvantages of inequality /15"'l*-'ul' -
2.3 Four criteria/principles for inequality measurement (anonymity, popuIation, rela{ffi ncome,
Dalton)
2.4 Measuringinequality
2.5 Basic axioms
2.6 Inequality profiles
2.7 Decomposing inequality by population ,,

2.8 Gini coefficient and Lorentz curve !

Unit III: Multi-dimensional poverty: concepts and measures

3.1 Concepts and theoretical basis fi.,
dep.ivaiifr;,put-offs
3.2 Dimensions, indicators and
i
.^
,;
1
';i :;!z
+.-';:,. *.'
-*---.n
,, ;*, ,#
3.3 Measurement and aggregation'irru"r*'F*A:.
,r r" ir
{dI
/L%, +fl -s<
 3.4 Human development index (HDI) and human povefty index (HpI)

Unit IV: Poverty from gender perspectives n

4.1 Gender, femininity and masculinity
4.2 Understanding poverly from a gender perspective
4.3 Gender in human development, GDI, GEM, and GII
4.4 Gender equality for poverty and population growth

Unit V: Child poverty and inequality t6

5.1 Definition of child poverty
5.2 Child poverty and disparities
5.3 Dimensions of child poverty (shelter, sanitation, safe drinking water, information, food,
education, health)
5.4 Pillars of child well beings (nutrition, health, protection and education)
5.5 Measurement of child poverty
5.6 Child rights
5.7 Child poverty and environmental justice

Unit VI: Poverty and aging issues

6.1 Aging, poverty and economic growth
6.2 Active aging, prospective old age, and productive aging

Unit VII: Poverty and employment 12

7.1 The world of work
7.2 Access to resources
7.3 Human resource development
7.4 Promotion of decent employment opportunities and social protection

Unit VIII: Measures of poverty n

8.I Key notions of distribution
8.2 Principles for measuring poverty
8.3 Common povefty indices (Headcount Index, Poverty Gap Index, and Sen index)
8.4 Poverfy line approach, capabilities approach, and participatory approach
Unit IX: Poverty measures and trends in Nepal '-, g
9.1 Poverty trends, measures, and reducing strategies
9.2 Politics of poverty and inequality

Unit X: Social inclusion/exclusion and Social justice t6

10.1 Concept of social inclusion and exclusion
10.2 Relation of social inclusion, integration and cohesion
10.3 Definition and scope of social justice
10.4 Equality and Justice
10.5 Vicious circle of disability and poverfy . 1... .r'u I

10.6 Elements of social justice (need, desert and equality) Y { k ','o*a*lf'

10.7 Prospects of social justice (globalizatiot't and multiculturarism)
---
10.8 Two principles of social justice: equal righp and social and economic inequalities
/'4r'
Project work
Poor in rich society
Construction of Gini coefficieflgnd Lorentz curvg
M u lti -d i men s io na I poverr.v i nA6*!y e t ) ca I
griati6ft
Gendered poverty +f. "
Policy for reducing
reducins child poverty " 1 ,7i'qil
oovert, 'io! fiqn d v S"' ,/-\
,,itt'\...-.S,// I
ffi'w) U\,.)'.\.'f t ,/ \
 Family structure and causes of old age poverty
Progressive agenda to cut poverty and expand opportunities
Culture of poverly
Social stratification: Discrimination
Reading list

Unit I
1. Beker, V. A. (2016). Growth, inequality and poverty: What do we know? SSRN Electronic
Journal. doi: 1 0.2 1 39 I ssrn.21 27 23 1
2. Baulch, B. (1996). The new poverty agenda: A disputed consensus. IDS Bulletin
3. Beteille, A. (2003). Poverty and inequality. Economic and Political Weekly, 38(42),4455-
4463.
4. Hayami, Y. & Godo, Y. (2005). Development economics: from the Poverty to the Wealth of
Nations. New York: Oxford University Press.
5. Jansen, A., Moses, M., Mujuta, s. c., & Yu, D. (2013). Multifaceted poverty: Absolute,
relative and subjective poverty in South Africa. In Biennial Conference of the Economic
Society of South Africa, Bloemfontein, South Africa.
6. Kabeer, N. (1996). Agency wellbeing and inequality: Reflection on the gender dirnension of
poverty. IDS Bulletin, 27 (1), pp.1 1 -21 .
1. Mowafi, M. & Khawaja,M. (2005). Poverfy. Journal of Epidemiology and Community
Health (1979- ), 59(4), 260-264.
8. Ray, D. (1998). Development economics. New Jersey: Princeton University Press
9. Sharma, M.P. (2011). Population, Environment and Quality of Ltfe.Kathmandu: Heritage
Publishers and Distributers Pvt. Ltd.

Unit fI
10. Cowell, F. A. (201 l). Measuring inequalie. New York: Oxford
11. Sharma, M.P. (2011). Population, Environment and Quality of Ltfe. Kathmandu: Heritage
Publishers and Distributers Pvt. Ltd.

Unit III
12. Alkire, S., Roche, J. M., Santos, M. E., & Seth, S. (2011). Multidimensional poverty index 2011: brief
methodological note.

Unit IV
13. Cagatay, N. (1998). Gender and poverty. Social Development and Poverty Elimination
Division, LTNDP, Working paper series 5.
14. Chant, S. (2003). New contributions to the analysis of poverty: methodological and
conceptual challenges to understanding poverty from a gender perspective. CQPAO;
Muierydesarrollo4T ,,ri,,i,'
15. UNDP. (1997). Human development report. New York: Oxford University P

Unit V
16. Bastos, A., & Machado, C. (2009). Child poverty: a multidimensional n
measurement. International Journal of Social Economics, 36(3), 237-251. //f,
17. Hornberg, c., & Pauli, A. (2007). child poverty and environmental justice. tntter{rd
Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 210(5), 571-580.
18. Minujin, A., Delamonica, 8., Davidziuk, A., & Gonzalez,E. D. (2006). The definition
child poverty: a discussion of concepts and measurements. Environment and
Urbanization. I 8(2). 481-500. A ./,',.
19. Howard White, Jennifer Leavy & Andrew MasteTd6B)r ffimparaq've pgrspectivfd cfrilO
PUvEILy. n
poverty: A IEvlsw
review ul
of poverty JournalSHuman Developrpnt: A.|dulti;
measures, J0unlalq&-IlUmanlJeveloplffinf:
PUvEI-ty IIl9aSurcS, r,::. ..:r
A,.lYlUl-tl- .;,.1., .:

'.
bisciplinary Journal for People-Centered Developrnen t, 4:3,3: 7fi,;r;
"g-i.ffi2. ,ri: i
20. IINICEF. (2006). Children living in poverty: Overniew of definitpffi,-dp.ffiHqh{s aqd*.'
PoricY +ff, n( -h' ii;:,',,,,,"t*"lr.l
43 /t/44 4"'i"'",.1'rr$,..\)
 guide
21. UNICEF . (2007), Global Study on child poverty and disparities2007.2008

Unit VI
and Social Affairs
22. tIN. (2015). World population aging report. Department of Economic
Population Division. New York'
23. Wi{O. (zo12).Active ageing: A Policy Framework. https://doi.org/10.1080/113604647

Unit VII
(2014). Handbook of human
24. Chalofsky, N.E., Rocco, T. S', & Moris, M' L' (Editors)'
resource development. John Wiley & Sons,
An analysis of the vital nexus based
25. Khan,A. R. (20b7)' Growth, employment and poverty:
on some recent UNDP and ILO/SIDA studies' UN'

Unit VIfI
inequality' The world
26. Haughton, J. &Khandker, S. R. (2009). Handbook on poverty and
Bank.
R. (2015). Participatory methods in the analysis of poverty: a critical
review'
27. Laderchr, c.
QEH Working Paper Series - QE'HWPS62
28. Lewis, O. (l9AO. The culture of poverty' American, 215(4)' 19-25
Routledge'
29. Lewis, O. (2012i. fne culture of poverty. In Poor Jews (pp. 9-25).

Unit IX
30'GoN.(2018).EconomicSuruey20l7-20l8.MinistryofFinance.

Unit X
31. Rawls, J. (1999). A theory ofjustice (Revised). USA: The Belknap
press'

https ://doi.o r gl 1 0.1 007 ls I 3 3 98-0 1 4 -0 l7 3 -7'2

32. Rawls, J. (1999). A theory ofjustice (Revised). USA: The Belknap
press.

https:/idoi.o rg110.1007 ls 13398-014 -0173-7 '2

one behind:the
33. LfN. (2016).ldentifzing social inclusion and exclusion' In Leaving no
report on the worldsocial situation 2016 (pp' 11-32)'
imperative of inclusive-clevelopment:
Nerv York: Department of Economic and Social Affairs' Retrieved from
http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/rwss/201 6l chapter 1'pdf
,&

il

4M,
44