WHAT IS

DATA ANALYTICS

Office of Information and Communications Technology

BEFORE WE START

This event is being Microphones are muted Please ask questions in the
recorded. but you will be able to chat area at anytime. We
show your reactions to the will reserve some time at
discussions during the the end of the event to
event. answer these questions.

WHAT IS DATA ANALYTICS 2

AGENDA
Introduction
Definition of Data Analytics
Evolution of Data analytics
Types of Data Analytics
Data Analytics Process
Challenges of Data Analytics

WHAT IS DATA ANALYTICS 3

 Gregory OGOLLA
MEET THE PRESENTER

Greg is an Information and Systems officer and the

Team Lead of the Analytics & Data Services unit in
the Policy and Compliance Service under the
Policy Strategy and Governance Division of the
Office of Information and Communications.

WHAT IS DATA ANALYTICS 4

INTRODUCTION
SCHEDULE
A SERIES OF 17 COURSES which will run for the
next 5 weeks - March to April

Themed as “UNITE ACADEMY" curriculum

Covering different aspects of DATA &

ANALYTICS

HTTPS://UNITE.UN.ORG/ACADEMY

WHAT IS DATA ANALYTICS 5

MEET THE TEAM
WHO WE ARE We are the Analytics & Data
Sohail AHMAD Services team in OICT’s Policy
Visualization Platform
Administrator Karen ESPINOSA-MANALAD Strategy & Governance Division
Business Analyst (HR, Travel,
Procurement), BI Developer
Jae SUNG
(PSGD)
Business Analyst
(Finance), Developer
We work with different offices and
Goraksha JADHAV departments to address their
Business Analyst
(Financial Reporting) data needs.

Greg OGOLLA
Team Lead
Manish ACHARYA
Data Engineer

Rebecca CALINSKY
Data Scientist

Changrui (Erik) XIN

Data Scientist

WHAT IS DATA ANALYTICS 6

WHO ARE HERE
Introducing today's participants

WHAT IS DATA ANALYTICS 7

DATA ANALYTICS
DEFINITION
The process of analyzing raw data to find trends and answer questions.
https://www.mastersindatascience.org/learning/what-is-data-analytics/

Data analytics is the science of analyzing raw data in order to make

conclusions about that information
https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/data-analytics.asp

The process of examining data sets in order to find trends and draw
conclusions about the information they contain.
https://searchdatamanagement.techtarget.com/definition/data-analytics

Data analytics is the pursuit of extracting meaning from raw data using
specialized computer systems. These systems transform, organize,
and model the data to draw conclusions and identify patterns.
https://www.informatica.com/services-and-training/glossary-of-terms/data-analytics-definition.html

Data analysis is a process of inspecting, cleansing, transforming,

and modeling data with the goal of discovering useful information,
informing conclusions, and supporting decision-making.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_analysis

WHAT IS DATA ANALYTICS 8

DATA ANALYTICS DEFINITION
T R A N S F O R M I N G R A W D ATA TO I N F O R M AT I O N & T H E N TO I N S I G H T

DATA INSIGHT

 Data collection  Answer Questions

 Data cleaning  Conclusion
 Data selection/aggregation  Recommendation
 Data transformation
 Action

DATA ANALYTICS HELPS

INFORMATION
WITH THE FOLLOWING
 Data Exploration  Find Patterns and Trends
 Analysis  Uncover Opportunities
 Visualization/reporting  Predict Actions, triggers or
events
 Story telling
 Make decisions

WHAT IS DATA ANALYTICS 9

KEY DISTINCTIONS

D ATA ANALYTICS VS DATA A N A LY T I C S VS

DATA ANALYSIS REPORTING
REPORTING follows a push approach, where
DATA ANALYTICS is the broad field of using reports are pushed to users who are then
data and tools to make business decisions. expected to extract meaningful insights –
Canned Reports, Dashboards, Alerts, Usually
DATA ANALYSIS, a subset of data analytics, automated, Very limited context about what is
refers to specific actions. happening

ANALYTICS follows a pull approach, where

particular data is pulled by an analyst in order
to answer specific business questions.
Interprets data at a deeper level
Provides recommendations on actions.

WHAT IS DATA ANALYTICS 10

 ANALYTICS VS REPORTING

REPORTING &
REPORTING ANALYTICS ANALYTICS
are used for
 Is done to show what’s happening different  Explain why something is
 It involves organizing and purposes. happening
presenting data in a way that is  It involves questioning and
easy to consume interpreting
 The primary purpose of a report is  The primary purpose of analytics
Content adapted from: https://www.orbitanalytics.com/understanding-the-difference-between-
to track business data at periodic is to gather insightsreporting-and-analytics/
for data-
intervals enabled decision making

WHAT IS DATA ANALYTICS 11

 1 2 3 4 5

DATA REPORTING ANALYTICS INSIGHTS ACTIONS

FROM RAW DATA TO INSIGHTS

& ACTIONS
WHAT IS DATA ANALYTICS 12
EVOLUTION OF
DATA ANALYTICS
Wave 1 (1970s) – Business Centric,
MRP/ERP, Introduction of
Relational Databases and
Wave 1 SQL
(1970s) Wave 3
• Business (2000s)
Centric • Web Centric Wave 2 (1990s) – Customer Centric Phase,
• Manufacturing • eCommerce
• Relational DBs • NoSQL Client Insights, Rise of the
• SQL catches on
developed • Distributed Internet, Data
computing
Warehousing, Data Mining
Wave 2 (1990s) Wave 4
• Customer (2010s)
Centric • Big Data, Wave 3 (2000s) – Ecommerce (Web Centric),
• Rise of the AI/ML
Internet • Cloud Web Search, Distributed
• Data computing
Warehousing • Affordable Computing
• Data Mining Storage

Wave 4 (2010s) – Big Data / AI, techniques

to process huge amounts
of data, in real-time

WHAT IS DATA ANALYTICS 13

TYPES OF DATA ANALYTICS
MATURITY PERSPECTIVE

DESCRIPTIVE ANALYTICS PREDICTIVE ANALYTICS

What happened in the past? What will happen next?
Basis of reporting. Turn raw Find similar patterns in data
data into useable information. and try to anticipate future
outcome.

DIAGNOSTIC ANALYTICS PRESCRIPTIVE ANALYTICS

Why did this happen? What should we do?
Find similar patterns in data Use insights gained and
and try to answer questions. predictions made to
recommend and act.

WHAT IS DATA ANALYTICS 14

ANALYTICAL MATURITY MODEL
Business Value:
Current UN situation • improved decision making
• more efficient operations  For an organization growth in
• understand clients better Insight business value from data analytics
can be illustrated using analytical
maturity model.

Prescriptive
Analytics
 The maturity level shows the
business value derived from data
Operational Efficiency

analytics on a Time/Maturity vs
Predictive
Analytics
Fully leverage all
organizations data
Operational Efficiency scale.
Diagnostic
Analytics  For the most part the organization
Descriptive Analytics
What should I do? is still in the descriptive analytics
Data stage.
Foundation
What will happen?

Why it happened?
What happened?
What data is needed? Image adapted from: https://www.the-future-of-commerce.com/2019/04/15/leveraging-data-insights/

Time / Maturity

WHAT IS DATA ANALYTICS 15

DESCRIPTIVE
ANALYTICS
EXAMPLE
COVID-19 numbers after
vaccination.
Descriptive analytics looks at data DESCRIPTIVE
statistically to tell you what happened in What has How many vaccinations?
the past. happened? Rate of new infections?
Need Booster shot?
Descriptive analytics helps an
organization understand how it is
performing by providing context to help
managers interpret information. This can SKILLS REQUIRED
be in the form of data visualizations like PURPOSE
Provide basic Descriptive statistics
graphs, charts, reports, and dashboards. with knowing the use
descriptive information
based on historical of spreadsheets,
data visualization tools and
basic statistical tools.

WHAT IS DATA ANALYTICS 16

DIAGNOSTIC
ANALYTICS
EXAMPLE
Fuel spending has
DIAGNOSTIC risen by 10% in the last
Diagnostic analytics takes descriptive 3 months.
data a step further and provides Why it happened
deeper analysis to answer the • More consumption?
question: Why did this happen? • Costly suppliers?
• Possible fraud?
Often, diagnostic analysis is referred
to as root cause analysis. This includes
SKILLS REQUIRED
PURPOSE Inferential statistics.
using processes such as data
Finding the causes for Use statistical and
discovery, data mining, and drill down
the events that visualization tools.
and drill through.
happened in the past • Data mining
by finding deeper • Data discovery
insights through the • Drill down
data.

WHAT IS DATA ANALYTICS 17

PREDICTIVE
ANALYTICS
EXAMPLE
Predicting
Predictive analytics takes historical
PREDICTIVE programmes that will
What could happen fall short of funding
data and feeds it into a machine based on liquidity,
learning model that considers key next?
priorities and previous
trends and patterns. activity.
The model is then applied to current
data to predict what will happen next. SKILLS REQUIRED
PURPOSE Statistical modeling,
Analyzing the historical basic machine learning
data to detect patterns along with
and extrapolate them sophisticated statistical
to predict future and programming
events. tools such as R &
Python.

WHAT IS DATA ANALYTICS 18

PRESCRIPTIVE
ANALYTICS
EXAMPLE
A monitoring
PRESCRIPTIVE applications receives
Prescriptive analytics takes data from IOTs and
predictive data to the next level.
What should we
sends out an alert
do?
when certain
Now that we have an idea of what will thresholds are
likely happen in the future, what reached.
should we do?
PURPOSE SKILLS REQUIRED
It suggests various courses of action Knowledge of Advanced
Identifying the best Machine learning and
and outlines what the potential
course of action to Deep learning
implications would be for each.
achieve desired algorithms, optimization
results. techniques and Big data
platforms like Spark and
Hadoop.

WHAT IS DATA ANALYTICS 19

TYPES OF DATA ANALYTICS
TIME PERSPECTIVE

TIME/QUESTION TYPE WHAT WHY

PAST DESCRIPTIVE DIAGNOSTIC

What happened? Why did it happen?

PAST/FUTURE PREDICTIVE
What is likely to happen based on past
events?

FUTURE PRESCRIPTIVE
What should happen if we take a certain
path?
What is the best outcome given the
uncertainty?
WHAT IS DATA ANALYTICS 20
DATA ANALYTICS PROCESS

4
1 2 3 DATA
5
UNDERSTAND DATA DATA EXPLORATION INTERPRET
THE PROBLEM COLLECTION PROCESSING ANALYSIS THE RESULTS

 Determine the  Gather the data, Value added to the data Use data visualization  Find out hidden
business objective. guided by the initial by : and business patterns, future trends,
requirements. intelligence tools, data and gain insights.
 Formulate the  cleaning, mining techniques, and
question.  describe and  preparation and predictive modeling to  Ensure the analysis
explore data and  modelling explore analyze data. was successful. Was
 Determine the type verify data quality.. the initial question
of analysis and what answered?
data to be analyzed.
 Recommend action

WHAT IS DATA ANALYTICS 21

 STEP 1:
UNDERSTAND THE
PROBLEM
Understand the business problem, define the
organizational goals, and plan for an effective
solution.
 Identify the Business Problem / Opportunity.
 Asses the current state – to set a baseline and context for
making the analysis.
 Define future state – Include the definition of success.
 Formulate the question. What are the KPIs we need to focus
on? S K I LLS / TOOLS
 Decide on the type of data analysis you want to do.
 You must understand why you are investigating and what • SKILLS : Business Analyst skills
measures you must use to do this analysis. • TOOLS : Information collected using
elicitation techniques like interviews,
surveys, workshops etc.

WHAT IS DATA ANALYTICS 22

 STEP 2: DATA
COLLECTION
Gather the right data from various sources and other
information based on your priorities.
 Plan the data collection. What data, availability, when and how to
collect, how to validate.
 Determine the datasets Volume, Velocity, Variety, Veracity, Value.
 Make considerations for Structured vs Unstructured data.
 Validate the data – Accuracy, completeness, consistency,
uniqueness, timeliness.
 Data privacy requirements – Policy and regulations,
Anonymization, Detecting PII/PHI
DATA TYPES
STRUCTURED DATA UNSTRUCTURED DATA
S K I LLS / TOOLS
 Data that is organized, well thought  Does not have a predefined data
out, and stored in a predefined model or is not organized in a pre-
• SKILLS : SQL Skills, Statistical
format such as data residing in a defined manner- Requires more programming, Data Mining, Data
database management system expertise (Data scientists) and Wrangling, Data Modelling
(DBMS). specialized tools.
 Easily searchable and useable by  Typically categorized as qualitative • TOOLS : Open-source –Tools like Python, R,
business user data Knime, Commercial Tools – Power Query,
 Typically categorized as quantitative
data
Qlik, Excel, Rapid miner, Alteryx

WHAT IS DATA ANALYTICS 23

STEP 3: DATA
PROCESSING
Clean the data to remove unwanted, redundant, and
missing values, enrich the data, model the data.

 Plan well – have a data processing strategy that starts from

data collection. Exclude unwanted data from the start.

 Standardize and automate the data cleaning, enrichment

and modelling – to ensure consistency

 Be aware of regulations and organization policies for data

privacy and protection,
S K I LLS / TOOLS
• SKILLS : SQL Skills, Statistical
 Constant review to ensure completeness, consistency,
programming, Data Mining, Data
uniqueness, timeliness.
Wrangling, Data Modelling
 Storage of processed data in an important consideration.
• TOOLS : Open-source –Tools like Python, R,
Knime, Commercial Tools – Power Query,
Qlik, Excel, Rapid miner, Alteryx

WHAT IS DATA ANALYTICS 24

STEP 4: EXPLORE &
ANALYZE THE DATA
 Use data visualization and business intelligence tools.
 Statistical modelling for more advanced analysis.
 Explore the data – integrity, validity, reliability, bias
 Analyze the data - find associations, cluster, identify
patterns.
 Derive conclusions to help answer the original
questions.

S K I LLS / TOOLS
QUALITATIVE QUANTITATIVE
ANALYSIS ANALYSIS • SKILLS : SQL Skills, Statistical
• Qualitative content • Statistics and programming, Data Mining, Data
analysis Mathematics
• Narrative analysis v s• Graphs and
Wrangling, Data Modelling
• Discourse analysis Visualization
• Thematic analysis • AI/Machine learning • TOOLS : Quantitative tools – PowerBI, Qlik,
• Grounded theory Excel, Python, R, Qualitative tools – NVivo,
MAXQDA

WHAT IS DATA ANALYTICS 25

STEP 5: INTERPRET
THE RESULTS
Find out hidden patterns, future trends and gain
insights.

 Document the results – does the data answer the

original question? any limitations?

 Plan stakeholder communication.

 Recommend action.
SKILLS / TOOLS
• SKILLS : Business Analyst skills,
Presentation skills

• TOOLS : Reporting tools, Presentation

tools, Dashboards

WHAT IS DATA ANALYTICS 26

CHALLENGES IN
DATA ANALYTICS?

D ATA C O L L E C T I O N D ATA P R I VA C Y & D ATA

GOVERNANCE
 Prioritizing data sources
 Requires tools that may be specialized.  Ensure organizational policies are implemented

 Required storage.
 Integration of structured and unstructured  Complexities in implementation
data.

D ATA A C C E S S & D ATA S E C U R I T Y

D ATA Q U A L I T Y
 Different Access Control domains
 Ensure data is accurate and complete.
 Data sharing culture in the organization
 Data cleaning process

WHAT IS DATA ANALYTICS 27

DATA SCIENCE
LEARNING PATHS
New HR Job Family, Data Analytics & Management
Unite Academy has curated 3 Learning Paths from
LinkedIn Learning. More information in the links below.

We will issue certificates for those who have completed

the specific courses.

WHAT IS DATA ANALYTICS 28

 UA

FEEDBACK &
CERTIFICATE REQUESTS
WHAT IS DATA ANALYTICS 29
Q & A

WHAT IS DATA ANALYTICS 30

THANK YOU
ANALYTICS & DATA SERVICS/PCS/PSGD/OICT

OICT-UNITE-ACADEMY@UN.ORG

HTTPS://UNITE.UN.ORG/ACADEMY

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