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The Baroque Art

The Baroque art movement began in the early 17th century and was heavily influenced by the Renaissance era that preceded it. Baroque art shifted from the linear Renaissance style to a more dramatic and painterly mode. Prominent Baroque painters like Rembrandt, Vermeer, and Rubens originated from the Netherlands, Italy, and Spain and were known for their portraits, religious scenes, and history paintings. Baroque sculpture, like that of Bernini, emphasized movement and expression over straight lines. Baroque architecture was characterized by intricate details, extreme decoration, and optical illusions that made structures appear even more grandiose. The style spread across Europe as royal courts commissioned Italian architects like Bernini.

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80 views2 pages

The Baroque Art

The Baroque art movement began in the early 17th century and was heavily influenced by the Renaissance era that preceded it. Baroque art shifted from the linear Renaissance style to a more dramatic and painterly mode. Prominent Baroque painters like Rembrandt, Vermeer, and Rubens originated from the Netherlands, Italy, and Spain and were known for their portraits, religious scenes, and history paintings. Baroque sculpture, like that of Bernini, emphasized movement and expression over straight lines. Baroque architecture was characterized by intricate details, extreme decoration, and optical illusions that made structures appear even more grandiose. The style spread across Europe as royal courts commissioned Italian architects like Bernini.

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Rawane AK
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The Baroque art

The Baroque era was very much defined by the influences of the major art movement which
came before it, the Renaissance. So much so that many art history scholars have argued that
Baroque art was simply the end of the Renaissance and never existed as a cultural or
historical phenomenon. 
It’s the sheer scale and importance of events as well as the contrasting painting styles over
the course of the era that make it hard to pin an idea to Baroque. Europe was encountering
one of its greatest shifts in society, especially with the challenge to the Roman Catholic
Church; yet, through the early Baroque artists Gian Lorenzo Bernini and Francesco
Borromini, the Baroque art movement began with the commissions of masterpieces from
the Vatican and the social and religious circles around it. The Renaissance architectural mode
went from linear to painterly, and Renaissance ideas of perfection, completion, and
conceivability were challenged with ideas of becoming, paint likeness, endlessness, and
limitlessness.

Baroque painting

The most prominent Baroque painters originated from


the Netherlands, Italy, and Spain. Generally, they were
concerned with the human subjects or subjects and
depicted similar scenes. The renaissance spheres of
power still dominated the art directions of their
cultures, and, accordingly, most of the commissions
were portraits of royals, religious scenes, depictions of
royal life and society. However, with the Baroque era
came a rise in history and landscape paintings, as well
as, portraits, genre scenes and still lives.
Such paintings flourished specifically in the
Figure 1The Storm on the Sea of Galilee by
rembrandt Netherlands. Great Dutch Baroque painters
included,  Rembrandt van Rijn Johannes Vermeer,
and Peter Paul Rubens. Their mastery of the medium was sought after by royal houses all
over Europe. So great were the talents of the Dutch painters that Carl Klaus and Victoria
Charles remarked ‘he [Rubens] is the only one who came near to Michelangelo in acting out
drama’ and that “as a colourist, Rubens even perhaps overshadowed Michelangelo”.
Baroque sculpture
Many great Baroque artists were architects as well as
sculptors, and common traits can be seen in their oeuvre.
A key similarity is the rejection of straight lines, resulting in
increasingly pictorial sculptures where movement and
expression are emphasized.

Baroque sculpture was primarily concerned with the


representation of Biblical scenes spurred by the church but
also by the beliefs of the sculptors themselves, as many
worked on uncommissioned portrayals of biblical epics as
well. Be it scenes from the old or new testaments, the
desire of most Baroque sculptors was to portray pathos, as
well as movement. The leading figure of Baroque sculpture
was certainly Italian artist Gian Lorenzo Bernini.

Baroque architecture
At the start of the 17th century, Italian architects were the dominant talents of Europe.
Immense competition for the contracts offered by churches and the Vatican between Gian
Luca Bernini, Francesco Borromini, Baldassare Longhena and others drew the rest of
Europe’s attention, soon spreading the style across the continent. Royal courts were
desperate to commission projects from the great Italian architects. Baroque architecture is
characterized by intricate details and extreme decoration. Elements of Renaissance
architecture were made grander and more theatrical, emphasized by optical illusions and
the advanced use of trompe-l’œil painting. With the beginning of the 18th century, the
European architectural focus shifted to France. There Jules Hardouin-Mansart broke away
from the Baroque style and reverted to classicism, while Charles Le Brun brought the style
and its traditions to new heights with his designing of the Galerie des Glaces in the Palace of
Versailles.

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