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Transcultrural Nursing PDF

The document summarizes Madeleine Leininger's theory of transcultural nursing. [1] Leininger founded the theory and developed it through her publications between 1991-2002. [2] The theory is based on anthropological concepts and aims to understand similarities and differences in cultures. [3] A key aspect is the Sunrise Model which depicts social and cultural factors that influence health beliefs.

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195 views6 pages

Transcultrural Nursing PDF

The document summarizes Madeleine Leininger's theory of transcultural nursing. [1] Leininger founded the theory and developed it through her publications between 1991-2002. [2] The theory is based on anthropological concepts and aims to understand similarities and differences in cultures. [3] A key aspect is the Sunrise Model which depicts social and cultural factors that influence health beliefs.

Uploaded by

SarithaRajesh
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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SEMINAR TOPIC: TRANSCULTURAL NURSING

SUBJECT: ADVANCED NURSING PRACTICE


Presented by : D JAGADESWARI Msc(N) I Yr student

MADELEINE LEININGER (July 13, 1925 – August 10, 2012)

 The founder of the theory of Transcultural Nursing / Culture Care Theory


 Her theory has now developed as a discipline in nursing.
 Evolution of her theory can be understood from her books:
 Culture Care Diversity and Universality (1991)
 Transcultural Nursing (1995)
 Transcultural Nursing (2002)
 Theoretical framework is depicted in her model called the Sunrise Model (1997).

THEORETICAL SOURCES

Derived from the discipline of anthropology; conceptualized the theory to be


relevant to nursing.

MAJOR CONCEPTS AND DEFINITION

 TRANSCULTURAL NURSING - is a comparative study of cultures to understand similarities


(culture universal) and difference (culture specific) across human groups (Leininger, 1991).
 CULTURE- Set of values, beliefs and traditions, that are held by a specific group of people
and handed down from generation to generation
 CULTURAL SHOCK - the state of being disoriented or unable to respond to a different cultural
environment because of its sudden strangeness, unfamiliarity, and incompatibility to the
stranger's perceptions and expectations as it is differentiated from others by symbolic
markers (cultures, biology, territory, religion).
 ETHNIC GROUPS - share a common social and cultural heritage that is passed on to
successive generations.
 ETHNIC IDENTITY - refers to a subjective perspective of the person's heritage and to a sense
of belonging to a group that is distinguishable from other groups
 RACE - the classification of people according to shared biologic characteristics, genetic
markers, or features. Not all people of the same race have the same culture.
 CULTURAL AWARENESS - an in-depth self-examination of one's own background, recognizing
biases and prejudices and assumptions about other people.
 CULTURALLY CONGRUENT CARE - Care that fits the people's valued life patterns and set of
meanings -which is generated from the people themselves, rather than based on
predetermined criteria.
 CULTURALLY COMPETENT CARE - the ability of the practitioner to bridge cultural gaps in
caring, work with cultural differences and enable clients and families to achieve meaningful
and supportive caring.
 ETHNONURSING- This the study of nursing care beliefs, values and practices as cognitively
perceived and known by a designated culture through their direct experience, beliefs and
value system (Leinenger, 1979)
 NURSING- Nursing is defined as a learned humanistic and scientific profession and discipline
which is focused on human care phenomena and activities in order to assist, support,
facilitate or enable individuals or groups to maintain or regain their well being in culturally
meaningful and beneficial ways, or to help people face handicaps or deaths.
 HEALTH- It is a state of well-being that is culturally defined, valued, and practiced and which
reflects the ability of individuals or groups to perform their daily role activities in culturally
expressed, beneficial and patterned lifeways.
 HUMAN BEINGS- Such as believed to be caring and capable of being concerned about needs
and well-being and survival of others.
 Society and Environment- These terms are not defined by Leininger.

KEY POINTS OF TRANSCULTURAL NURSING

Health concepts held by many cultural groups may result in people choosing not to seek modern
medical treatment procedures.

Health care provider need to be flexible in the design of programs, policies, and service to meet the
needs and concerns of the culturally diverse population, groups that are likely to be encountered.

Most cases of lay illness have multiple causalities and may require several different approaches to
diagnosis, treatment, and cure including folk and Western medical interventions.

The use of traditional or alternate models of health care delivery is widely varied and may come into
conflict with Western models of health care practice.

Culture guides behaviour into acceptable ways for the people in a specific group as such culture
originates and develops within the social structure through interpersonal interactions.

For a nurse to successfully provide care for a client of a different cultural or ethnic background,
effective intercultural communication must take place.

MAJOR ASSUMPTIONS

 Illness and wellness are shaped by various factors including perception and coping skills, as well as
the social level of the patient

 Cultural competence is an important component of nursing.

 Culture influences all spheres of human life. It defines health, illness, and the search for relief from
disease or distress.

 Religious and Cultural knowledge is an important ingredient in health care.

STRENGTHS OF THE THEORY

• Culturally competent care is accomplished through the inclusion of important cultural values
while assisting in patient to modify practices in ways to attain their optimal level of wellness
and quality of life

• The individual cultural value priorities are respected.

• Meaningful quality of care.

• Facilitates the nurse-patient relationship fostering trust.


WEAKNESS OF THE THEORY

• Time consuming and requires ongoing research

• Multiple variations within cultures, so there is not an inclusive and authoritative way to
define or explain a particular culture.

Not useful in time or time constraint

DR LEININGER’S ASSESSMENT PROCESS

• Nurse approaches an individual, family, or community with the intent to gain


understanding of the expressions, patterns of health, and care

• Nurse obtains knowledge about the dynamic cultural and social structural dimensions
influencing health

• Nurse invites an individual, family, or community to describe their own experience about
health and caring

• Nurse documents the description of an individual’s, family’s, or community’s cultural and


social structure that influence health patterns and concern.

Nursing Decisions
• 1. Cultural preservation or maintenance.
• 2. Cultural care accommodation or negotiation.
• 3. Cultural care repatterning or restructuring.

Goal of Transcultural Nursing "to give culturally congruent nursing care, and to provide
culture specific and universal nursing care practices for the health and well-being of people or to aid
them in facing adverse human conditions, illness or death in culturally meaningful ways.

" The Sunrise Model

 Symbolizes the "rising of the sun (care)"

 The upper half of the circle depicts components of the social structure and world view factors that
influence care and health through language and environment. These factors influence the folk,
professional, and nursing system (s), which are in the lower half of the model.

 The two halves together form a full sun, which represents the universe that nurses must consider
to appreciate human care and health.

 The nursing subsystem can act as a bridge between the folk and personal health systems through
the three types of nursing care actions: cultural care preservation, cultural care accommodation, and
cultural repatterning.

APPLICATION OF THEORY TO NURSING PRACTICE


Communities are becoming more multicultural, and health personnel are being expected to respond
to client's diverse cultural needs. Immigrants and people from unfamiliar cultures are generally
expecting nurses to respect their cultural values, beliefs, and lifeways. Education Since 1980, An
increasing number of nursing curricula emphasize transcultural nursing and care.

RESEARCH

Several research nurses are testing transcultural nursing in US and other countries. Many cultures
have been studied utilizing this theory. Major Assumptions, Concepts, and Relationships
THE SUNRISE MODEL
GUIDELINES FOR COMMUNICATING WITH CULTURALLY DIVERSE CLIENT

• Incorporate factors from the patient’s religious and cultural background

• Sensitise yourself

• Make an effort to learn as much as possible about the whole belief system.

• Display an accepting and nonjudgmental objective attitude.

• Practice techniques of observation and listening .

• Make it easy for the hospitalized patient to carry out his religious practices as long as they do

not significantly disturb others. Practice techniques of observation and listening .

• • Make it easy for the hospitalized patient to carry out his religious practices as long as they
do not significantly disturb others.

• • Accommodate the religious and cultural dietary practices of patients as much as possible.

• • Take into consideration the cultural role of the family member who makes the most
important decisions

• • Acknowledging the role of the person’s religious leader in his life can be important way of
building trust.

• • Communicate in a nonthreatening manner.

• • Use validating techniques in communication

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