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0625 Igcse Physics 42

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0625 Igcse Physics 42

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GEMS MODERN ACADEMY

KOCHI
PASTPAPER BOOKLET

IGCSE LEVEL
0625 PHYSICS
(2017 - 2021)
Cambridge International Examinations
Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education
* 0 3 4 2 0 2 1 6 5 1 *

PHYSICS 0625/42
Paper 4 Theory (Extended) February/March 2017
1 hour 15 minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
No Additional Materials are required.

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.
DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.

Answer all questions.

Electronic calculators may be used.
You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate units.
Take the weight of 1.0 kg to be 10 N (acceleration of free fall = 10 m / s2).

At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

The syllabus is approved for use in England, Wales and Northern Ireland as a Cambridge International Level 1/Level 2 Certificate.

This document consists of 16 printed pages.

DC (LK/FD) 125811/7
© UCLES 2017 [Turn over
2

1 (a) Fig. 1.1 shows the axes used to plot distance-time graphs.

distance

0
0 time

Fig. 1.1

On Fig. 1.1, draw graphs for an object that is

(i) moving with constant speed, labelling the graph A,

(ii) moving with decreasing speed, labelling the graph B. [2]

(b) Fig. 1.2 shows the axes used to plot speed-time graphs.

speed

0
0 time

Fig. 1.2

On Fig. 1.2, draw graphs for an object that is

(i) moving with constant acceleration, labelling the graph S,

(ii) moving with increasing acceleration, labelling the graph T. [2]

© UCLES 2017 0625/42/F/M/17

(c) A plane is at rest on an airport runway. The brakes of the plane are released and the engine
of the plane provides a constant accelerating force.

Using the following data, calculate the take-off speed of the plane. Ignore any resistive forces.

constant forward force = 56 000 N

mass of plane = 16 000 kg
time of travel along runway = 16 s

speed = ...........................................................[4]

[Total: 8]

© UCLES 2017 0625/42/F/M/17 [Turn over

2 (a) Explain why momentum is a vector quantity.

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

(b) The crumple zone at the front of a car is designed to collapse during a collision.

concrete wall
crumple
zone

Fig. 2.1

In a laboratory test, a car of mass 1200 kg is driven into a concrete wall, as shown in Fig. 2.1.

A video recording of the test shows that the car is brought to rest in 0.36 s when it collides
with the wall. The speed of the car before the collision is 7.5 m / s.

Calculate

(i) the change of momentum of the car,

change of momentum = ...........................................................[2]

(ii) the average force acting on the car.

average force = ...........................................................[2]

© UCLES 2017 0625/42/F/M/17

(c) A different car has a mass of 1500 kg. It collides with the same wall and all of the energy
transferred during the collision is absorbed by the crumple zone.

(i) The energy absorbed by the crumple zone is 4.3 × 105 J. Show that the speed of the car
before the collision is 24 m / s.

[2]

(ii) Suggest what would happen to the car if it is travelling faster than 24 m / s when it hits
the wall.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

[Total: 8]

© UCLES 2017 0625/42/F/M/17 [Turn over

3 (a) A stationary object is acted upon by a number of forces.

State the conditions which must be true if the object

(i) does not accelerate,

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) does not rotate.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(b) Fig. 3.1 shows a boat that has been lifted out of a river. The boat is suspended by two ropes.
It is stationary.

T1 T2

C P

1.20 m 0.40 m
24 kN

Fig. 3.1 (not to scale)

The weight of the boat, acting at the centre of mass, is 24 kN. The tensions in the ropes are
T1 and T2.

Determine

(i) the moment of the weight of the boat about the point P,

moment = ...........................................................[1]

(ii) the tension T1,

T1 = ...........................................................[3]

(iii) the tension T2.

T2 = ...........................................................[2]

[Total: 8]
© UCLES 2017 0625/42/F/M/17
7

4 Fig. 4.1 shows a Galilean thermometer. This thermometer is used to measure the approximate
temperature of the surrounding air.

bulb E, label: 28 °C

glass cylinder bulb D, label: 26 °C

bulb C, label: 24 °C
bulb B, label: 22 °C

water
bulb A, label: 20 °C

Fig. 4.1

The glass cylinder contains water. When the temperature of the water changes, so does its density.

Each bulb has a label printed with a temperature, as shown in Fig. 4.1. The bulbs have different
densities. At 21 °C, only bulb A is at the bottom of the cylinder.

(a) Explain, in terms of density, why bulb A is at the bottom of the cylinder and the other bulbs are
floating.

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

(b) The temperature of the surrounding air increases to a temperature above 23 °C.

(i) Suggest one reason why there is a delay before the temperature of the water increases
to 23 °C.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) Explain why, after this delay, bulb B sinks. Assume the bulbs do not expand.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[3]

State the possible temperature range of the water in the cylinder.

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

[Total: 7]
© UCLES 2017 0625/42/F/M/17 [Turn over
8

5 (a) (i) State two ways in which evaporation is different from boiling.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

(ii) Give one example of a change of state which does not involve boiling or evaporation.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(b) The graph in Fig. 5.1 shows the variation of temperature with time for a substance that is
initially liquid.

temperature

A
B

time

Fig. 5.1

(i) State what is taking place at points A, B and C. You should say what changes of state, if
any, are taking place.

point A ...............................................................................................................................

point B ................................................................................................................................

point C ...............................................................................................................................
[3]

(ii) Suggest why the graph is steeper at point C than at point A.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

[Total: 7]

© UCLES 2017 0625/42/F/M/17

6 Fig. 6.1 shows apparatus that is used to demonstrate some effects of the transfer of energy by
radiation.

glass bulb
painted heater shiny
matt black glass bulb

glass tube glass tube

air air

liquid

Fig. 6.1

The glass bulb painted matt black, the shiny glass bulb and the spaces above the liquid in the tube
all contain air.

The heater glows red when switched on. The heater is the same distance from each bulb.

(a) State the two types of radiation that are emitted by the heater.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................
[1]

(b) Before the heater is switched on, the liquid levels in the glass tube are the same.

State and explain any changes in the liquid levels that take place when the heater is
switched on.

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[4]

[Total: 5]

© UCLES 2017 0625/42/F/M/17 [Turn over

7 Fig. 7.1 shows an object and its image formed by a converging lens. One ray from the tip of the
object to the tip of the image is shown.

Fig. 7.1 is drawn full size.

lens

object

image

Fig. 7.1

(a) Place a tick (3) in all boxes that correctly describe the image.

diminished

enlarged

inverted

upright

real

virtual
[2]

(b) On Fig. 7.1, draw a ray, passing through a principal focus of the lens, from the tip of the object
to the tip of the image. Label the principal focus F. [1]

focal length = ...........................................................[1]

(d) Draw another ray, not passing through a principal focus of the lens, that passes from the tip
of the object to the tip of the image. [1]

[Total: 5]

© UCLES 2017 0625/42/F/M/17

8 (a) A transformer consists of two coils of wire wound on a core.

(i) Suggest the material from which the two coils are made. State the reason for using this
material.

material ..............................................................................................................................

reason ................................................................................................................................
[2]

(ii) Suggest the material from which the core is made. State the reason for using this
material.

material ..............................................................................................................................

reason ................................................................................................................................
[2]

(b) Fig. 8.1 represents the system of transmission of electrical energy from a power station to a
home that is a long distance away.

132 kV

transformer X transformer Y

transmission
power cables and
22 kV 240 V
station pylons home

Fig. 8.1

(i) State the difference between transformer X and transformer Y.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) Explain why a very high voltage is used for transmission over large distances.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[3]

(iii) Suggest why the voltage for use by a home consumer is 240 V, and not a much higher
value.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

[Total: 9]
© UCLES 2017 0625/42/F/M/17 [Turn over
12

9 Fig. 9.1 shows a graph of current against potential difference (p.d.) for a filament lamp.

0.80

current / A

0.60

0.40

0.20

0
0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0
p.d. / V

Fig. 9.1

(a) State what happens to the resistance of the filament of the lamp as the p.d. changes

(i) from 0 V to 1.0 V,

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) from 1.0 V to 8.0 V.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(b) At normal brightness, the p.d. across the lamp is 8.0 V.

Calculate, for normal brightness,

(i) the resistance of the lamp,

resistance = ...........................................................[3]

(ii) the power of the lamp.

power = ...........................................................[2]

© UCLES 2017 0625/42/F/M/17

power supply

Fig. 9.2

Determine

(i) the electromotive force (e.m.f.) of the power supply,

e.m.f. = ...........................................................[1]

(ii) the current from the power supply.

current = ...........................................................[1]

[Total: 9]

© UCLES 2017 0625/42/F/M/17 [Turn over

10 (a) Describe, in terms of particles and the terminals of the battery, the movement of charge in an
electric circuit.

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

(b) Fig. 10.1 shows a lightning flash between a cloud and the ground beneath.

cloud

lightning flash

ground

Fig. 10.1

The charge built up on the cloud before the lightning flash is 0.60 C. This charge is completely
transferred to the ground by the lightning flash in 5.0 × 10–5 s (0.000050 s).

(i) Calculate the current between the cloud and the ground.

current = ...........................................................[2]

(ii) The potential difference (p.d.) between the cloud and the ground during the lightning flash is
2.5 × 108 V.

Calculate the energy transferred during the lightning flash.

energy = ...........................................................[2]

(iii) Suggest what happens to the energy calculated in (b)(ii).

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

[Total: 7]

© UCLES 2017 0625/42/F/M/17

11 A radioactive source is placed 20 mm from a radiation detector, as shown in Fig. 11.1.

lead
source
narrow beam detector
of radiation

20 mm

Fig. 11.1 (not to scale)

The initial count rate recorded by the detector is 150 counts / s.

A sheet of paper is placed between the source and the detector. The count rate recorded by the
detector falls to 60 counts / s.

With the paper still in place, a magnetic field is set up perpendicular to the direction of the radiation.
The count rate recorded by the detector falls to 20 counts / s.

The count rates have not been corrected for background. The background count is measured as
20 counts / s.

(a) State the evidence that each type of radiation is present in, or absent from, the radiation
emitted by the source.

α-particles .................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

β-particles .................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

γ-rays ........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[5]

© UCLES 2017 0625/42/F/M/17 [Turn over

(b) Determine how much of the original count rate of 150 counts / s, if any, is due to each type of
radiation.

α-particles ................................................ counts / s

β-particles ................................................ counts / s

γ-rays ................................................ counts / s

[2]

[Total: 7]

Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge International
Examinations Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at www.cie.org.uk after
the live examination series.

Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local
Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.

© UCLES 2017 0625/42/F/M/17

Cambridge International Examinations
Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education
* 9 4 3 9 9 8 5 6 4 0 *

PHYSICS 0625/42
Paper 4 Theory (Extended) February/March 2018
1 hour 15 minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
No Additional Materials are required.

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Answer all questions.

At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

This syllabus is approved for use in England, Wales and Northern Ireland as a Cambridge International Level 1/Level 2 Certificate.

This document consists of 16 printed pages.

DC (SC/SW) 149762/5
© UCLES 2018 [Turn over
2

1 (a) Define acceleration.

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) Fig. 1.1 shows the speed-time axes for the graph of the motion of a car.

speed
m/s
20

0
0 10 20 30 40 50
time / s

Fig. 1.1

(i) The car starts from rest.

From time = 0 to time = 15 s, the car has a constant acceleration to a speed of 28 m / s.

From time = 15 s to time = 32 s, the car has a constant speed of 28 m / s.

From time = 32 s, the car has a constant deceleration of 2.0 m / s2 until it comes to rest.

On Fig. 1.1, draw the graph, using the space below for any calculations.

[5]

(ii) From time = 15 s to time = 32 s, the path of the car is part of a circle.

For this motion, state

1. the direction of the resultant force on the car,

...........................................................................................................................................

2. what happens to the velocity of the car.

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

[Total: 8]

© UCLES 2018 0625/42/F/M/18

2 (a) A force is used to move an object from the Earth’s surface to a greater height.

Explain why the gravitational potential energy (g.p.e.) of the object increases.

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) Fig. 2.1 shows a train moving up towards the top of a mountain.

Fig. 2.1

The train transports 80 passengers, each of average mass 65 kg, through a vertical height of
1600 m.

Calculate the increase in the total gravitational potential energy (g.p.e.) of the passengers.

increase in g.p.e. = ......................................................... [2]

Calculate the efficiency of the engine in raising the 80 passengers 1600 m to the top of the
mountain.

efficiency = ......................................................... [4]

[Total: 7]

© UCLES 2018 0625/42/F/M/18 [Turn over

3 (a) Complete the statement by writing in the blank spaces.

The moment of a force about a pivot is equal to ......................................................................

multiplied by .......................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Fig. 3.1 shows a horizontal rod of length 2.4 m and weight 160 N. The weight of the rod acts
at its centre. The rod is suspended by two vertical ropes X and Y. The tension in each rope is
80 N.

80 N 80 N
2.4 m
rope X rope Y

rod
160 N

Fig. 3.1

(i) State the name given to the point at which the weight of the rod acts.

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Calculate the mass of the rod.

mass = ......................................................... [1]

(iii) The rod is in equilibrium.

Using data from Fig. 3.1, explain why.

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [4]

[Total: 7]

© UCLES 2018 0625/42/F/M/18

4 Fig. 4.1 shows a cold plastic spoon that has just been placed in hot liquid in a cup.

plastic spoon

hot liquid

Fig. 4.1

(a) Describe, in terms of molecules, why the temperature of the whole of the spoon increases.

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [3]

(b) The plastic spoon is replaced by a metal spoon.

Describe an additional process by which the temperature of the whole of this spoon increases.

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(c) The cup contains 150 g of liquid of specific heat capacity 4.2 J / (g °C). When the cold spoon is
placed into the hot liquid, the temperature of the liquid decreases from 80 °C to 56 °C.

Calculate the loss of thermal energy from the liquid.

energy loss = ......................................................... [3]

[Total: 8]

© UCLES 2018 0625/42/F/M/18 [Turn over

5 (a) Fig. 5.1 shows the apparatus used to observe the motion of smoke particles that are in the air
in a box.

eye

microscope

air molecules
light and
smoke particles

Fig. 5.1

Light from a lamp enters the box through a window in one side of the box. The smoke particles
are observed using a microscope fixed above a window in the top of the box.

(i) The motion of a single smoke particle is observed through the microscope.

In the circle shown, sketch the path of this smoke particle.

[1]

(ii) Explain why the smoke particle follows the path that is observed.

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [3]

© UCLES 2018 0625/42/F/M/18

(b) A tennis player is practising by hitting a ball many times against a wall.

The ball hits the wall 20 times in 60 s. The average change in momentum for each collision
with the wall is 4.2 kg m / s.

Calculate the average force that the ball exerts on the wall.

average force = ......................................................... [3]

[Total: 7]

© UCLES 2018 0625/42/F/M/18 [Turn over

6 (a) Fig. 6.1 represents the electromagnetic spectrum.

visible light

radio waves microwaves A B C D

Fig. 6.1

State the radiation in each of the regions represented by A, B, C and D in Fig. 6.1.

A ................................................................

B ...............................................................

C ...............................................................

D ...............................................................
[2]

© UCLES 2018 0625/42/F/M/18

(b) A source emits visible light.

Fig. 6.2 shows a ray of red light from the source incident on the face XY of a glass prism at
point S.

normal

i S

ray of
red light

Y Z

Fig. 6.2

The angle of incidence i of the ray is 35 °. The refractive index of the glass for red light is 1.5.

(i) Calculate the angle of refraction in the glass at S.

angle of refraction = ......................................................... [2]

(ii) On Fig. 6.2, draw the refracted ray at face XY and the ray emerging from face XZ of the
prism. Label this ray R. [2]

(iii) A ray of blue light follows the same path as the ray of red light incident on the face XY.

On Fig. 6.2, draw the path of this ray in the prism and emerging from the prism.

Label this ray B. [2]

[Total: 8]

© UCLES 2018 0625/42/F/M/18 [Turn over

7 (a) The speed of a light wave in air is 3.00 × 108 m / s. The refractive index of water is 1.33.

Calculate the speed of the light wave in water.

speed = ......................................................... [2]

(b) Fig. 7.1 shows parallel wavefronts of a light wave in air incident on a boundary with a
transparent plastic.

direction
of light wave

air

transparent
plastic

Fig. 7.1

On Fig. 7.1,

(i) draw the positions of the four refracted wavefronts in the plastic, [3]

(ii) draw an arrow to show the direction of travel of the refracted wave, [1]

(iii) label the angle of refraction r of the light wave. [1]

[Total: 7]

© UCLES 2018 0625/42/F/M/18

8 (a) The lamp of a car headlight is rated at 12 V, 50 W.

Calculate the current in the lamp when operating normally.

current = ......................................................... [2]

(b) A car is driven at night.

In a journey, the total charge that passes through the 12 V battery is 270 kC.

(i) Calculate the electrical energy transferred.

energy = ......................................................... [3]

(ii) The fuel used by the car provides 3.6 × 104 J / cm3.

Calculate the volume of fuel used to provide the energy calculated in (b)(i).

volume = ......................................................... [2]

[Total: 7]

© UCLES 2018 0625/42/F/M/18 [Turn over

9 Fig. 9.1 shows current-potential difference graphs for a resistor and for a lamp.

6.0

current / A

4.0 lamp

2.0
resistor

0
0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0
potential difference / V

Fig. 9.1

(a) (i) The potential difference (p.d.) applied to the resistor is increased. Tick the box that
indicates the effect on the resistance of the resistor.

resistance increases

resistance is constant

resistance decreases
[1]

(ii) The potential difference (p.d.) applied to the lamp is increased. Tick the box that indicates
the effect on the resistance of the lamp.

resistance increases

resistance is constant

resistance decreases
[1]

(b) The p.d. across the lamp is 6.0 V. Calculate the resistance of the lamp.

resistance = ......................................................... [2]

© UCLES 2018 0625/42/F/M/18

Calculate the current from the supply.

current = ......................................................... [2]

(d) The lamp and the resistor are connected in series to another power supply. The current in
the circuit is 4.0 A.

Calculate the total p.d. across the lamp and the resistor.

p.d. = ......................................................... [2]

[Total: 8]

© UCLES 2018 0625/42/F/M/18 [Turn over

10 (a) Fig. 10.1 shows a straight wire AB placed in the magnetic field between the poles of a magnet.
The ends of AB are connected to a galvanometer.

N S

Fig. 10.1

When AB is moved vertically, the needle of the galvanometer shows a deflection.

State three factors that affect the size of the deflection.

1 ...............................................................................................................................................

2 ...............................................................................................................................................

3 ...............................................................................................................................................
[3]

(b) Fig. 10.2 shows a transformer.

240 V P S 12 V

Fig. 10.2

(i) The primary coil P has 8000 turns and an input of 240 V. The secondary coil S has an
output of 12 V.

Calculate the number of turns in the secondary coil.

number = ......................................................... [2]

(ii) A circuit containing a resistor is connected to the terminals A and B.

A direct current (d.c.) is required in this resistor.

On Fig. 10.2, draw this circuit. [1]

[Total: 6]

© UCLES 2018 0625/42/F/M/18 [Turn over

11 (a) To ensure the safety of workers in laboratories where radioactive sources are used, describe
how radioactive materials

(i) should be stored,

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) should be handled.

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Complete the table below for three types of emission from radioactive sources.

type of emission nature range in air absorbed by

electromagnetic radiation several km

helium nucleus 0.2 mm paper

electron

[3]

(c) State the type of radiation emitted when

an americium nucleus ( Am) decays into a neptunium nucleus ( Np),

241 237
(i) 95 93

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

a phosphorus nucleus ( 15 P) decays into a silicon nucleus ( 16 Si).

32 32
(ii)

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 7]

© UCLES 2018 0625/42/F/M/18

Cambridge Assessment International Education
Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education
* 6 0 9 2 5 3 1 2 4 0 *

PHYSICS 0625/42
Paper 4 Theory (Extended) February/March 2019
1 hour 15 minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
No Additional Materials are required.

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.
DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.

Answer all questions.

At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

This syllabus is regulated for use in England, Wales and Northern Ireland as a Cambridge International Level 1/Level 2 Certificate.

This document consists of 14 printed pages and 2 blank pages.

DC (ST/CT) 167383/5
© UCLES 2019 [Turn over
2

1 (a) Define acceleration.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) Fig. 1.1 shows the distance-time graph for the journey of a cyclist.

350

300
distance / m
250

200

150

100

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
time / s

Fig. 1.1

(i) Describe the motion of the cyclist in the time between:

1. time = 0 and time = 15 s

...........................................................................................................................................

2. time = 15 s and time = 30 s

...........................................................................................................................................

3. time = 30 s and time = 40 s.

...........................................................................................................................................
[3]

(ii) Calculate, for the 40 s journey:

1. the average speed

average speed = ......................................................... [2]

2. the maximum speed.

maximum speed = ......................................................... [2]

[Total: 8]
© UCLES 2019 0625/42/F/M/19
3

2 (a) State one advantage and one disadvantage of using a wind turbine as a source of electrical
energy.

advantage .................................................................................................................................

disadvantage ............................................................................................................................
[2]

(b) Fig. 2.1 shows a wind turbine.

wind speed
16 m / s

area swept out by

the turbine blades

Fig. 2.1

(i) The wind blows at a speed of 16 m / s towards the turbine blades. In one second, a
volume of 24 000 m3 of air passes through the circular area swept out by the blades. The
density of air is 1.3 kg / m3.

Calculate:

1. the mass of air that passes through the circular area swept out by the blades in 1.0 s

mass = ......................................................... [2]

2. the kinetic energy of the mass of air that passes through the area swept out by the
blades.

kinetic energy = ......................................................... [2]

(ii) Suggest why some of the kinetic energy of the air that passes through the circular area
swept out by the blades is not converted into electrical energy.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 7]
© UCLES 2019 0625/42/F/M/19 [Turn over
4

3 (a) An object is moving in a straight line at constant speed.

State three ways in which a force may change the motion of the object.

1 ...............................................................................................................................................

2 ...............................................................................................................................................

3 ...............................................................................................................................................
[2]

(b) Fig. 3.1 shows an object suspended from two ropes. The weight of the object is 360 N. The
magnitude of the tension in each rope is T.

T T

45° 45°

object

360 N

Fig. 3.1

In the space below, determine the tension T by drawing a vector diagram of the forces acting
on the object.

State the scale you have used.

scale ...............................................................

T = ...............................................................
[5]

[Total: 7]
© UCLES 2019 0625/42/F/M/19
5

4 (a) Fig. 4.1 shows a mercury barometer. The tube containing the mercury is vertical.

mercury

Fig. 4.1

(i) The height h indicates a value of the atmospheric pressure.

State what is contained in the space labelled S.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) On a particular day the atmospheric pressure is 1.02 × 105 Pa. The density of mercury
is 13 600 kg / m3.

Calculate the value of h indicated by the barometer.

h = ......................................................... [2]

(iii) The tube containing mercury is now tilted so that it makes an angle of 10° with the
vertical. After tilting, there continues to be a space above the mercury in the tube.

State and explain whether the vertical height of mercury in the tube is smaller, the same,
or greater than the value calculated in (a)(ii).

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) Another mercury barometer in the same room at the same time shows a lower value of h than
the barometer in (a).

Suggest and explain a reason for the lower value.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]
[Total: 7]
© UCLES 2019 0625/42/F/M/19 [Turn over
6

5 (a) State the values of the fixed points of a temperature scale.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) (i) The graduations on a liquid-in-glass thermometer are equally spaced.

For the equal spacing of the graduations to be correct, state:

1. an assumption that is made about the liquid in the thermometer

...........................................................................................................................................

2. an assumption that is made about the structure of the thermometer.

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

(ii) Liquid-in-glass thermometer A has a greater range than liquid-in-glass thermometer B.

State one way the design of thermometer A is different from thermometer B.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Liquid-in-glass thermometer C has a greater sensitivity than liquid-in-glass thermometer D.

State one way the design of thermometer C is different from thermometer D.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

© UCLES 2019 0625/42/F/M/19

[3]

(ii) Suggest when a thermocouple thermometer is more suitable than a liquid-in-glass

thermometer.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 9]

© UCLES 2019 0625/42/F/M/19 [Turn over

6 An electrical heater is placed on the floor of a room in a house. The heater is switched on.

(a) State the main process by which thermal energy is transferred to the air in all parts of the
room.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) The heater has a power of 1.5 kW. The air in the room has a mass of 65 kg. The specific heat
capacity of air is 720 J / (kg °C).

(i) Calculate the time it takes for this heater to raise the temperature of the air in the room
from 8.0 °C to 15.0 °C.

time = ......................................................... [4]

(ii) State two reasons why the time calculated in (b)(i) is smaller than the actual time taken
to raise the temperature of the air in the room from 8.0 °C to 15.0 °C.

1 .......................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

2 .......................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

[Total: 7]

© UCLES 2019 0625/42/F/M/19

7 (a) In Fig. 7.1, the small circles represent molecules. The arrows refer to the change of state
from the arrangement of molecules on the left to the arrangement of molecules on the right.

Fig. 7.1

Complete the following by writing solid, liquid or gas in each of the blank spaces.

1. Change of state X is from ............................................ to ............................................ .

2. Change of state Y is from ............................................ to ............................................ .

[2]

(b) Explain, in terms of the forces between their molecules, why gases expand more than solids
when they undergo the same rise in temperature.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(c) A cylinder of volume 0.012 m3 contains a compressed gas at a pressure of 1.8 × 106 Pa.
A valve is opened and all the compressed gas escapes from the cylinder into the atmosphere.

The temperature of the gas does not change.

Calculate the volume that the escaped gas occupies at the atmospheric pressure
of 1.0 × 105 Pa.

volume = ......................................................... [3]

[Total: 7]
© UCLES 2019 0625/42/F/M/19 [Turn over
10

8 Fig. 8.1 shows parallel wavefronts of a light wave in ice. The wavefronts are incident on a boundary
with air.

direction
of wave

ice

air

Fig. 8.1

The speed of the light wave in air is 3.0 × 108 m / s. The refractive index of the ice is 1.3.

(a) On Fig. 8.1:

(i) draw the wavefronts of the wave that passes into the air [3]

(ii) draw arrows to show the direction of travel of the refracted wave [1]

(iii) label the angle of incidence i and the angle of refraction r. [1]

(b) Calculate the speed of the light wave in the ice.

speed = ......................................................... [2]

[Total: 7]

© UCLES 2019 0625/42/F/M/19

BLANK PAGE

© UCLES 2019 0625/42/F/M/19 [Turn over

9 Fig. 9.1 shows current-potential difference (p.d.) graphs for a resistor and for a thermistor.

6.0

current / A

4.0
resistor

2.0 thermistor

0
0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0
p.d. / V

Fig. 9.1

(a) Calculate the resistance of the thermistor when the p.d. across it is 7.0 V.

resistance = ......................................................... [2]

(b) In Table 9.1, tick the boxes that indicate the effect on the resistances of the resistor and of the
thermistor when the p.d. across them is increased from 0 to 7.0 V.

Table 9.1

component resistance increases resistance is constant resistance decreases

resistor
thermistor
[2]

© UCLES 2019 0625/42/F/M/19

Calculate:

(i) the current from the supply

current = ......................................................... [2]

(ii) the energy transferred from the supply in 5.0 minutes.

energy = ......................................................... [2]

[Total: 8]

© UCLES 2019 0625/42/F/M/19 [Turn over

10 (a) The electrical energy produced by a power station is transmitted over long distances at a very
high voltage.

Explain why a very high voltage is used.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [3]

(b) Fig. 10.1 represents a transformer.

core

4000
120 V P turns S 9.0 V

Fig. 10.1

(i) The primary coil P has 4000 turns and an input of 120 V. The secondary coil S has an
output of 9.0 V.

Calculate the number of turns in the secondary coil.

number = ......................................................... [2]

(ii) State a suitable material for the core of the transformer.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 6]

© UCLES 2019 0625/42/F/M/19

11 (a) (i) One isotope of iridium-194 is represented by

194
Ir
77
This isotope decays by β-emission to a stable isotope of platinum (Pt).

Complete the nuclide equation for this decay.

194 ...... ......

Ir Pt + β
77 ...... ...... [3]

(ii) The half-life of iridium-194 is 19 hours. A sample of iridium-194 has an initial count-rate
of 1100 counts / min.

Calculate the count-rate from this sample after 38 hours.

count-rate = ......................................................... [2]

(b) State two ways in which γ-emission differs from β-emission.

1 ...............................................................................................................................................

2 ...............................................................................................................................................
[2]

[Total: 7]

© UCLES 2019 0625/42/F/M/19

BLANK PAGE

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.

Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of
Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which itself is a department of the University of Cambridge.

© UCLES 2019 0625/42/F/M/19

Cambridge IGCSE™
* 6 5 5 3 4 5 9 9 9 7 *

PHYSICS 0625/42
Paper 4 Theory (Extended) February/March 2020

1 hour 15 minutes

You must answer on the question paper.

No additional materials are needed.

INSTRUCTIONS
● Answer all questions.
● Use a black or dark blue pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
● Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes at the top of the page.
● Write your answer to each question in the space provided.
● Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid.
● Do not write on any bar codes.
● You may use a calculator.
● You should show all your working and use appropriate units.
● Take the weight of 1.0 kg to be 10 N (acceleration of free fall = 10 m / s2).

INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 80.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].

This document has 16 pages. Blank pages are indicated.

DC (JC/JG) 187443/4
© UCLES 2020 [Turn over
2

1 A rocket is launched vertically upwards from the ground. The rocket travels with uniform
acceleration from rest. After 8.0 s, the speed of the rocket is 120 m / s.

(a) Calculate the acceleration of the rocket.

acceleration = ........................................................ [2]

(b) (i) On Fig. 1.1, draw the graph for the motion of the rocket in the first 8.0 s.

200
speed
m/s

150

100

0
0 5 10 15 20 25
time / s

Fig. 1.1
[1]

(ii) Use the graph to determine the height of the rocket at 8.0 s.

height = ........................................................ [2]

(iii) From time = 8.0 s to time = 20.0 s, the rocket rises with increasing speed but with
decreasing acceleration.

From time = 20.0 s to time = 25.0 s, the rocket has a constant speed of less than 200 m / s.

On Fig. 1.1, draw the graph for this motion. [3]

[Total: 8]
© UCLES 2020 0625/42/F/M/20
3

2 Fig. 2.1 shows an athlete crossing the finishing line in a race. As she crosses the finishing line, her
speed is 10.0 m / s. She slows down to a speed of 4.0 m / s.

Fig. 2.1

(a) The mass of the athlete is 71 kg. Calculate the impulse applied to her as she slows down.

impulse = ........................................................ [3]

(b) (i) Define impulse in terms of force and time.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) The athlete takes 1.2 s to slow down from a speed of 10.0 m / s to a speed of 4.0 m / s.

Calculate the average resultant force applied to the athlete as she slows down.

force = ........................................................ [2]

[Total: 8]
© UCLES 2020 0625/42/F/M/20 [Turn over
4

3 Fig. 3.1 shows a model of a wind turbine used to demonstrate the use of wind energy to generate
electricity. The wind is blowing towards the model, as shown.

turbine blades

circular area swept out

by turbine blades

wind

A
V

Fig. 3.1

(a) The mass of air passing through the circular area swept out by the turbine blades each
second is 7.5 kg. The kinetic energy of the air that passes through this circular area each
second is 240 J.

(i) Calculate the speed of the air.

speed = ........................................................ [3]

(ii) The kinetic energy of the air drives a generator. State the input power of the air passing
through the turbine blades.

input power = ........................................................ [1]

© UCLES 2020 0625/42/F/M/20

(b) The output current of the generator is 2.0 A. The output potential difference (p.d.) of the
generator is 11 V.

(i) Calculate the output power of the generator.

output power = ........................................................ [2]

(ii) Calculate the efficiency of the wind turbine.

efficiency = .................................................... % [2]

(c) The density of air is 1.3 kg / m3.

Calculate the volume of air passing through the circular area swept out by the turbine blades
each second.

volume = ........................................................ [2]

[Total: 10]

© UCLES 2020 0625/42/F/M/20 [Turn over

4 (a) Define the specific latent heat of fusion of a substance.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(b) Small pieces of ice at 0 °C are added to 0.35 kg of water. The initial temperature of the water is
24.5 °C. The temperature of the water decreases to 0 °C. The water loses 35 000 J of thermal
energy as it cools. All of the ice added to the water melts.

The specific latent heat of fusion of ice is 3.3 × 105 J / kg.

Calculate:

(i) the specific heat capacity of water

specific heat capacity = ........................................................ [2]

(ii) the mass of ice added to the water.

mass = ........................................................ [3]

[Total: 7]

© UCLES 2020 0625/42/F/M/20

5 (a) Complete the sentences with words that describe the main process of thermal energy transfer
in each case.

A man goes for a walk on a cold day. He touches a metal gate, which removes thermal

energy from his hands by ................................. . He holds the sides of a cup containing a

hot drink. His hands gain thermal energy by ................................. . Some farm workers have

lit a fire. The man warms his hands by the side of the fire. His hands gain thermal energy by

................................. . [3]

(b) Describe in terms of particles the transfer of thermal energy through the metal of the gate
after transfer from the man’s hands.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(c) Fig. 5.1 shows a car on a sunny day in a hot country.

windscreen
object A

Fig. 5.1

The object labelled A is placed inside the windscreen. It is used by the owner of the car to
reduce the temperature rise of the air in the car.

Ring the most suitable material for the outer surface of object A. Explain your choice.

dull black dull white shiny black shiny white

explanation ................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 7]

© UCLES 2020 0625/42/F/M/20 [Turn over

6 (a) Fig. 6.1 shows crests of a water wave moving from left to right in a harbour.

crest of wave

harbour wall

Fig. 6.1

(i) On Fig. 6.1, draw three more crests to the right of point A. [2]

(ii) State the name of the wave process that occurs as the wave passes point A.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Fig. 6.2 shows the crests of another wave moving from left to right in a different part of the
harbour. This wave moves from deep water to shallow water.

deep water shallow water

crest of wave

Fig. 6.2

(i) On Fig. 6.2, draw an arrow to show the direction of movement of the wave after it has
passed into the shallow water. [1]

(ii) State the name of the process that occurs as the wave passes into the shallow water.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

© UCLES 2020 0625/42/F/M/20

(iii) Complete Table 6.1 to state whether each of the properties of the wave increases,
decreases or stays the same as the wave passes into the shallow water.

Table 6.1

property effect

wavelength

frequency

speed
[3]

[Total: 8]

© UCLES 2020 0625/42/F/M/20 [Turn over

7 (a) Fig. 7.1 shows a converging lens and the image I formed when an object is placed to the left
of the lens. The principal focuses are labelled A and B and the centre of the lens is labelled C.

(i) On Fig. 7.1, draw two rays to locate the position of the object.
Draw the object and label it O.

lens

A C B
I

Fig. 7.1
[3]

(ii) Ring all of the following distances that are equal to the focal length of the lens.

AB AC CB 2AB
[2]

© UCLES 2020 0625/42/F/M/20

(b) Fig. 7.2 shows green light passing through a triangular glass block.

Fig. 7.2

Red light enters the triangular glass block shown in Fig. 7.2 along the same path as the green
light.

(i) On Fig. 7.2, draw the path of the red light within the triangular glass block. [1]

Fig. 7.3 shows green light passing through a rectangular glass block.

Red light enters the rectangular glass block shown in Fig. 7.3 along the same path as the
green light.

Fig. 7.3

On Fig. 7.3:

(ii) draw the path of the red light within the rectangular glass block [1]

(iii) draw the path of the red light after leaving the rectangular glass block. [1]

[Total: 8]

© UCLES 2020 0625/42/F/M/20 [Turn over

8 Fig. 8.1 shows a circuit.

12 V

A 3.0 Ω

2.0 Ω

6.0 Ω
X Y
2.0 m

Fig. 8.1

The lamp has a resistance of 3.0 Ω. Line XY represents a uniform resistance wire of resistance
6.0 Ω.

(a) Calculate the reading on the ammeter.

ammeter reading = ........................................................ [2]

© UCLES 2020 0625/42/F/M/20

(b) Fig. 8.2 shows the circuit with a different connection to the resistance wire and an added
resistor. The length XY of the whole resistance wire is 2.0 m. The contact is made at Q where
the distance XQ is 0.60 m.

12 V

A 3.0 Ω

1.5 Ω 2.0 Ω

0.60 m

X Q Y
2.0 m

Fig. 8.2

Calculate the resistance of the circuit.

resistance = ........................................................ [4]

[Total: 6]

© UCLES 2020 0625/42/F/M/20 [Turn over

9 (a) State the name of the logic gate with the symbol shown in Fig. 9.1.

Fig. 9.1

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) State the name of the logic gate with the truth table shown in Table 9.1.

Table 9.1

input output

0 1

1 0

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(c) Fig. 9.2 shows a digital circuit.

A C
E
B

Fig. 9.2

Complete the truth table in Table 9.2 for this circuit for all possible combinations of input.

Table 9.2

A B C D E

1 1

1 0

0 0
[4]

[Total: 6]

© UCLES 2020 0625/42/F/M/20

10 (a) Fig. 10.1 is a simplified top view of a flat coil. There is an alternating current (a.c.) in the coil.

Fig. 10.1

Describe the magnetic effect of this alternating current.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(b) Fig. 10.2 shows a pan placed above the coil. The base of the pan is made of steel.

pan

coil

Fig. 10.2

State what quantity is induced in the base of the pan.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(c) The pan contains water.

State and explain the effect of the quantity induced in part (b) on the temperature of the water
in the pan.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [3]

[Total: 6]

© UCLES 2020 0625/42/F/M/20 [Turn over

11 (a) The isotope hydrogen-1 has a proton number of 1 and a nucleon number of 1.

Two isotopes of helium are helium-3 and helium-4.

Helium-3 has a proton number of 2 and a nucleon number of 3.

Helium-4 has a nucleon number of 4.

Complete Table 11.1 for neutral atoms of these isotopes of helium.

Table 11.1

helium-3 helium-4

number of neutrons

number of electrons

mass compared to a neutral

atom of hydrogen-1
[3]

(b) An experiment takes place in a laboratory shielded from all background radiation. A sample
of radioactive material is wrapped in aluminium foil of thickness 0.1 mm. A detector of ionising
radiation placed 1 cm from the foil records a reading.

A piece of aluminium of thickness 5 mm is placed between the detector and the foil. The
detector reading drops to zero.

State and explain any type of radiation passing through the aluminium foil.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [3]

[Total: 6]

© UCLES 2020 0625/42/F/M/20

Cambridge IGCSE™
* 8 3 2 4 5 0 9 7 6 7 *

PHYSICS 0625/42
Paper 4 Theory (Extended) February/March 2021

1 hour 15 minutes

You must answer on the question paper.

[No additional materials are needed.]

INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 80.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].

This document has 16 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.

DC (CJ/CGW) 203605/2
© UCLES 2021 [Turn over
2

1 (a) Fig. 1.1 shows a piece of glass of thickness 2.0 cm and area 0.15 m2.

The density of the glass is 2.6 × 103 kg / m3.

area 0.15 m2

thickness 2.0 cm

Fig. 1.1 (not to scale)

Calculate the weight of the piece of glass.

weight = ..................................................... [3]

(b) The piece of glass shown in Fig. 1.1 is used as the vertical viewing window of an aquarium.
The atmospheric pressure outside the aquarium is 1.0 × 105 Pa. The average pressure on
the inside of the aquarium window is 1.3 × 105 Pa.

Calculate the resultant force acting on the window due to these pressures and state the
direction in which it acts.

force = ...........................................................

direction of force ..............................................................

[4]

© UCLES 2021 0625/42/F/M/21

(c) Fig. 1.2 shows a vacuum pump connected to the top of a vertical tube with its lower end
immersed in a tank of liquid. The pump reduces the pressure above the column to zero and
the pressure at point X is 9.6 × 104 Pa.

vacuum
pump

point X
12 m
liquid

Fig. 1.2 (not to scale)

Calculate the density of the liquid.

density = ..................................................... [3]

[Total: 10]

© UCLES 2021 0625/42/F/M/21 [Turn over

2 (a) (i) State what is meant by the moment of a force about a point.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Fig. 2.1 shows a large crane on a construction site lifting a block of mass 14 000 kg.

operator’s cabin 20 m

A B

counterweight

block

Fig. 2.1

Calculate the moment about A due to the 14 000 kg block suspended from B.

moment = ..................................................... [2]

(b) (i) Speed is a scalar quantity and velocity is a vector quantity. State the difference between
a scalar quantity and a vector quantity.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) Write down one other scalar quantity and one other vector quantity.

scalar quantity ...................................................................................................................

vector quantity ...................................................................................................................

[2]

© UCLES 2021 0625/42/F/M/21

(c) Fig. 2.2 shows two forces acting on an object.

60° 30 N

20 N

Fig. 2.2 (not to scale)

Draw a scale diagram to determine the resultant force acting on the object. State the scale
you use.

scale ..............................................................

magnitude of resultant force = ...........................................................

direction of resultant relative to the direction of the 20 N force = ...........................................................

[4]

[Total: 11]
© UCLES 2021 0625/42/F/M/21 [Turn over
6

3 A power station burns waste materials from farm crops to generate electricity.

(a) State and explain whether this process is renewable.

statement ..................................................................................................................................

explanation ...............................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[2]

(b) The power station uses some of its waste thermal energy to heat water for houses in a nearby
town.

State one problem of using waste energy in this way if the power station is far from the town.

...................................................................................................................................................

Suggest a way of reducing this problem.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[2]

(c) State two environmental consequences of burning coal to generate electricity.

consequence 1. ........................................................................................................................

consequence 2. ........................................................................................................................
[2]

[Total: 6]

© UCLES 2021 0625/42/F/M/21

4 (a) In terms of the momentum of molecules, explain how a gas exerts pressure on the walls of its
container.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [4]

(b) A fixed mass of gas of volume V1 is at a pressure p1. It is compressed to a volume V2.

(i) Complete the equation for the final pressure p2 of the gas when the gas is compressed
at constant temperature.

p2 =
[2]

(ii) State and explain how the final pressure compares with p2 when the temperature of the
gas increases during compression.

statement ..........................................................................................................................

explanation ........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[3]

[Total: 9]

© UCLES 2021 0625/42/F/M/21 [Turn over

5 (a) State the name of the reflection of a sound wave or ultrasound wave.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) Fig. 5.1 shows an ultrasound wave being used to scan an internal organ of a human body.

ultrasound transmitter
and receiver

internal organ

ultrasound
wave

Fig. 5.1

The ultrasound wave has a frequency of 2.0 MHz and passes through human tissue at a
speed of 1500 m / s.
Calculate the wavelength of the ultrasound wave in human tissue.

wavelength = ..................................................... [3]

straight barrier
S

Fig. 5.2

(i) On Fig. 5.2, indicate and label one wavelength.

(ii) On Fig. 5.2, draw three crests of the wave reflected from the barrier.
[3]

[Total: 7]
© UCLES 2021 0625/42/F/M/21
9

6 (a) Fig. 6.1 is a full scale diagram showing a converging lens, the two principal focuses F1 and F2
and an object PO.

F1 P F2

Fig. 6.1

On Fig. 6.1, draw two rays from point O of the object to determine the position of the image.
Label the image IJ. Measure the length of the image.

image length = ...........................................................

[3]

(b) Ring three descriptions of the image.

diminished magnified real same size

same way up as object upside down compared to object virtual [3]

© UCLES 2021 0625/42/F/M/21 [Turn over

ray of green light

glass blocks

Fig. 6.2

Three rays of red light approach the glass blocks on the same paths as the rays of green
light.

On Fig. 6.2, draw the paths of these rays of red light to the right of the glass blocks. [2]

[Total: 8]

© UCLES 2021 0625/42/F/M/21

7 Fig. 7.1 shows a horizontal conducting wire XY between two opposite magnetic poles. Wire XY
forms a circuit with an ammeter.

wire

N X
S
A

Fig. 7.1

(a) Explain why the reading on the ammeter is zero when the wire XY is not moving.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) The wire XY is moved and there is a deflection on the ammeter that indicates there is a
current in the wire from X to Y.

On Table 7.1, tick one box to indicate the direction of the movement of the wire XY and
explain your answer.

Table 7.1

into page out of page to the left to the right to the bottom to the top of
of the page the page

explanation ...............................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[3]

(i) in the opposite direction to part (b) ............................................................................... [1]

(ii) in the same direction as part (b) but at a greater speed ............................................... [1]

[Total: 6]

© UCLES 2021 0625/42/F/M/21 [Turn over

8 (a) Define electromotive force (e.m.f.).

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) Fig. 8.1 shows a source E of e.m.f. 60 V in a circuit.

10 Ω

Fig. 8.1

The heater H has a resistance of 22.5 Ω and the potential difference (p.d.) across it is 45 V.

Calculate:

(i) the power of the heater

power = ..................................................... [3]

(ii) the p.d. across resistor X

p.d. = ..................................................... [2]

(iii) the current in the 10 Ω resistor.

current = ..................................................... [2]

[Total: 8]

© UCLES 2021 0625/42/F/M/21

9 (a) Write down the truth table for an OR gate.

[2]

(b) Draw the symbol for a NOR gate.

[1]

(c) Fig. 9.1 shows a digital circuit designed to produce the values shown in Table 9.1 for the
output S from the two inputs P and Q.

P gate X
S
Q R

Fig. 9.1

(i) Table 9.1 is the truth table for the circuit shown in Fig. 9.1.

Table 9.1

P Q R S
0 0 0
0 1 0
1 0 1
1 1 0

Complete the column for point R in Table 9.1. [1]

(ii) State which type of gate is used for gate X. Explain your answer.

statement ..........................................................................................................................

explanation ........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[3]
[Total: 7]
© UCLES 2021 0625/42/F/M/21 [Turn over
14

10 (a) State the proton number, nucleon number and the value of the charge on an α-particle.

proton number ..........................................................................................................................

nucleon number ........................................................................................................................

charge .......................................................................................................................................
[3]

(b) A nucleus of strontium-90 consists of 38 protons and 52 neutrons. Strontium-90 is radioactive

and decays by β-emission to an isotope of yttrium. The symbol for strontium is Sr and the
symbol for yttrium is Y. Write down the nuclide equation of this decay.

[3]

(c) The half-life of radon-220 is 56 s. A sample of radon-220 is in a container. After 112 s the mass
of radon-220 is 9.2 mg.

Calculate the mass of the original sample.

mass = ..................................................... [2]

[Total: 8]

© UCLES 2021 0625/42/F/M/21

BLANK PAGE

© UCLES 2021 0625/42/F/M/21

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© UCLES 2021 0625/42/F/M/21

Cambridge International Examinations
Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education
* 2 0 9 4 7 7 2 0 8 6 *

PHYSICS 0625/42
Paper 4 Theory (Extended) May/June 2017
1 hour 15 minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
No Additional Materials are required.

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Answer all questions.

Electronic calculators may be used.
You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate units.
Take the weight of 1 kg to be 10 N (acceleration of free fall = 10 m / s2).

At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

The syllabus is approved for use in England, Wales and Northern Ireland as a Cambridge International Level 1/Level 2 Certificate.

This document consists of 20 printed pages.

DC (ST/JG) 129079/5
© UCLES 2017 [Turn over
2

1 (a) (i) Speed is a scalar quantity and velocity is a vector quantity.

State how a scalar quantity differs from a vector quantity.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) Underline the two scalar quantities in the list below.

energy force impulse momentum temperature [1]

(b) A boat is moving at constant speed.

On Fig. 1.1, sketch a distance-time graph for the boat.

distance

time

Fig. 1.1
[1]

© UCLES 2017 0625/42/M/J/17

(c) The boat in (b) is moving due west at a speed of 6.5 m / s relative to the water. The water is
moving due south at 3.5 m / s.

In the space below, draw a scale diagram to determine the size and direction of the resultant
of these two velocities. State the scale used.

scale ...............................................................

size of resultant velocity = ...............................................................

direction of resultant ...............................................................

[4]

[Total: 7]

© UCLES 2017 0625/42/M/J/17 [Turn over

2 Fig. 2.1 shows a vehicle designed to be used on the Moon.

Fig. 2.1

The brakes of the vehicle are tested on Earth.

1
(a) The acceleration of free fall on the Moon is one sixth ( 6 ) of its value on Earth.

Tick one box in each column of the table to predict the value of that quantity when the vehicle
is used on the Moon, compared to the test on Earth.

mass of vehicle on weight of vehicle on deceleration of vehicle

Moon Moon on Moon with same
braking force
10 # value on Earth
6 # value on Earth
same as value on Earth
1
# value on Earth
6
1
# value on Earth
10

[3]

© UCLES 2017 0625/42/M/J/17

(b) Fig. 2.2 shows the brake pedal of the vehicle.

pivot
piston
cylinder

7.0 cm

24 cm

link
oil force exerted
by driver
pedal

Fig. 2.2 (not to scale)

The driver exerts a force on the pedal, which increases the pressure in the oil to operate the
brakes.

The area of the piston in the cylinder is 6.5 # 10–4 m2 (0.00065 m2). The pressure increase in
the oil is 5.0 # 105 Pa (500 000 Pa).

Calculate the force exerted by the driver on the brake pedal.

force = ...........................................................[4]

[Total: 7]

© UCLES 2017 0625/42/M/J/17 [Turn over

3 (a) Underline the pair of quantities which must be multiplied together to calculate impulse.

force and mass force and velocity mass and time

time and velocity weight and velocity force and time [1]

(b) Fig. 3.1 shows a collision between two blocks A and B on a smooth, horizontal surface.

A B A B
3.0 m / s v
2.4 kg 1.2 kg

before collision after collision

Fig. 3.1

Before the collision, block A, of mass 2.4 kg, is moving at 3.0 m / s. Block B, of mass 1.2 kg, is
at rest.

After the collision, blocks A and B stick together and move with velocity v.

(i) Calculate

1. the momentum of block A before the collision,

momentum = ...........................................................[2]

2. the velocity v,

velocity = ...........................................................[2]

3. the impulse experienced by block B during the collision.

impulse = ...........................................................[2]

(ii) Suggest why the total kinetic energy of blocks A and B after the collision is less than the
kinetic energy of block A before the collision.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]
[Total: 8]
© UCLES 2017 0625/42/M/J/17
7

4 A balloon contains a fixed mass of gas.

(a) Explain, in terms of the momentum of molecules, how the gas in the balloon exerts a pressure.

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

(b) Explain, in terms of molecules, why the pressure of the gas increases when the volume of the
balloon decreases. The temperature of the gas is constant.

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

(c) The initial volume of the gas is 500 cm3 and its pressure is 1.1 # 105 Pa. The volume is
reduced to 200 cm3. The temperature of the gas is constant.

Calculate the new pressure.

pressure = ...........................................................[2]

[Total: 6]

© UCLES 2017 0625/42/M/J/17 [Turn over

5 (a) (i) An electric kettle contains 600 g of water at 20 °C. The heater in the kettle operates at
240 V. The specific heat capacity of water is 4200 J / (kg °C).

The current in the heater is 12 A.

Calculate the time taken for the temperature of the water to rise to 100 °C.

time = ...........................................................[4]

(ii) State one assumption you made in your calculation in (a)(i).

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

© UCLES 2017 0625/42/M/J/17

(b) Using the apparatus shown in Fig. 5.1, describe an experiment to demonstrate good and bad
emitters of thermal radiation. Include the expected results and the conclusion.

You may use a diagram.

white
black side
side

metal water bottle 2 thermometers supply of hot water a ruler

Fig. 5.1

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[4]

[Total: 9]

© UCLES 2017 0625/42/M/J/17 [Turn over

6 (a) The graph in Fig. 6.1 represents a wave on a rope.

8.0
vertical
position / cm

6.0

4.0

2.0

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
distance along rope / cm

Fig. 6.1

Using Fig. 6.1, determine

(i) the amplitude of the wave,

amplitude = ...........................................................[1]

(ii) the wavelength of the wave.

wavelength = ...........................................................[1]

© UCLES 2017 0625/42/M/J/17

(b) A wave travelling on the surface of water has a wavelength of 2.5 cm and a speed of 8.0 cm / s.

Calculate the frequency of the wave.

frequency = ...........................................................[2]

Fig. 6.2 shows the crests of the wave viewed from above.

barrier
gap

direction
of wave
travel

wave crest barrier

Fig. 6.2

The gap in the barrier is larger than the wavelength λ.

(i) On Fig. 6.2, draw the pattern formed by three crests after the wave passes through the
gap in the barrier. [2]

(ii) Water is added to the tank and the speed of a wave in the deeper water is greater
than that in the shallower water. The frequency of the wave remains constant but its
wavelength is different.

1. State and explain how the wavelength in the deeper water has changed.

....................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................[1]

2. Apart from the change in wavelength, describe one other difference in the pattern
formed by the crests after the wave passes through the gap.

....................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................[1]

[Total: 8]
© UCLES 2017 0625/42/M/J/17 [Turn over
12

7 (a) The speed of light in air is 3.0 # 108 m / s.

The speed of light in a transparent liquid is 2.0 # 108 m / s.

A ray of light is incident on the surface of the liquid at an angle of incidence of 40°.

Calculate

(i) the refractive index of the liquid,

refractive index = ...........................................................[2]

(ii) the angle of refraction in the liquid.

angle of refraction = ...........................................................[2]

© UCLES 2017 0625/42/M/J/17

(b) Fig. 7.1 shows a side view of an object at the bottom of a tank of liquid. Light travels slower in
this liquid than in air.

eye

air
tank

liquid

object

Fig. 7.1

On Fig. 7.1, draw two rays from the object into the air. Use these rays to locate the image.
Label this image I. [3]

[Total: 7]

© UCLES 2017 0625/42/M/J/17 [Turn over

8 Fig. 8.1 shows a 12.0 V power supply connected in a circuit.

12.0 V

resistance
wire

A X B

sliding
contact

Fig. 8.1 (not to scale)

The circuit includes a lamp and a resistance wire AB of constant cross-sectional area. There is a
sliding contact that can be moved between A and B.

(a) The rating of the lamp at normal brightness is 6.0 V, 9.0 W.

Calculate

(i) the current in the lamp at normal brightness,

current = ...........................................................[2]

(ii) the resistance of the lamp at normal brightness.

resistance = ...........................................................[2]

© UCLES 2017 0625/42/M/J/17

(b) AB is 1.00 m long and has a resistance of 5.0 Ω. The lamp has normal brightness when the
sliding contact is at X.

(i) The sliding contact is moved to B.

Explain, without a calculation, why the lamp becomes dimmer.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) Calculate the distance AX for the lamp to have normal brightness.

distance AX = ...........................................................[3]

[Total: 8]

© UCLES 2017 0625/42/M/J/17 [Turn over

9 Fig. 9.1 shows a horizontal wire PQ placed in the gap between the N pole and the S pole of a
magnet.

N S

Fig. 9.1

There is a current in the wire in the direction P to Q.

A force acts on the current-carrying wire in the magnetic field.

(a) On Fig. 9.1, draw

(i) an arrow, labelled M to show the direction of the magnetic field in the gap between the
poles of the magnet, [1]

(ii) an arrow, labelled F to show the direction of the force on the current-carrying wire due to
the magnetic field of the magnet. [1]

(b) State the effect of reversing the direction of the current in wire PQ.

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

Fig. 9.2

(i) On Fig. 9.2, sketch the pattern of the magnetic field due to the current in the wire.
Indicate the field direction. [3]

(ii) The current in PQ is increased.

State the effect of this change in current on the magnetic field.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

© UCLES 2017 0625/42/M/J/17

(d) A small magnet is placed at a point where the magnetic field is vertically upwards. State the
direction of the force on the S pole of the small magnet.

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

[Total: 8]

© UCLES 2017 0625/42/M/J/17 [Turn over

10 (a) In the space, draw the standard symbol for a light-emitting diode (LED).

[1]

(b) Table 10.1 shows the truth table for a logic gate.

Table 10.1

input 1 input 2 output

0 0 1
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 0

State the name of the logic gate which has this truth table.

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

Using two or more of the logic gates in (b), design a circuit with two inputs and one output
which has the truth table shown in Table 10.2.

Table 10.2

input 1 input 2 intermediate point, X output

0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 1

(i) Draw your circuit in the space below.

There is no need to use the symbol for the logic gate. Boxes with the two inputs and one
output are sufficient.

[2]
(ii) Label an intermediate point of your circuit with the letter X. Complete the table with the
logic levels for this point in the blank column of the table. [1]

[Total: 5]
© UCLES 2017 0625/42/M/J/17
19

11 (a) The arrows in Fig. 11.1 represent the paths of three α-particles moving towards gold nuclei in
a thin foil. The gold nuclei are shown as shaded circles.

Fig. 11.1

On Fig. 11.1, complete the paths of the three α-particles. [3]

© UCLES 2017 0625/42/M/J/17 [Turn over

(b) Fig. 11.2 shows a geologist holding a radiation detector near a rock.

radiation
detector
rock

Fig. 11.2

She holds the detector in a fixed position and records the readings shown in Table 11.1.

Table 11.1

time / minutes 0 1 2 3 4 5
detector reading
16 14 17 13 17 15
counts / minute

Explain the changes in the detector readings.

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

The technician wears thick rubber gloves.

Explain why this may provide some protection from the radiation, but it is not sufficient
protection.

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]
[Total: 7]
Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

© UCLES 2017 0625/42/M/J/17

Cambridge International Examinations
Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education
* 0 9 3 9 7 7 2 1 6 1 *

PHYSICS 0625/42
Paper 4 Theory (Extended) May/June 2018
1 hour 15 minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
No Additional Materials are required.

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Answer all questions.

At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

This syllabus is approved for use in England, Wales and Northern Ireland as a Cambridge International Level 1/Level 2 Certificate.

This document consists of 17 printed pages and 3 blank pages.

DC (CE/SW) 150768/5
© UCLES 2018 [Turn over
2

1 (a) Fig. 1.1 shows the axes of a distance-time graph for an object moving in a straight line.

80
distance / m
60

0
0 2 4 6 8 10
time / s

Fig. 1.1

(i) 1. On Fig. 1.1, draw between time = 0 and time = 10 s, the graph for an object moving
with a constant speed of 5.0 m / s. Start your graph at distance = 0 m.

2. State the property of the graph that represents speed.

....................................................................................................................................
[2]

(ii) Between time = 10 s and time = 20 s the object accelerates. The speed at time = 20 s is
9.0 m / s.

Calculate the average acceleration between time = 10 s and time = 20 s.

acceleration = ...........................................................[2]

© UCLES 2018 0625/42/M/J/18

(b) Fig. 1.2 shows the axes of a speed-time graph for a different object.

50
speed
m/s
40

0
0 20 40 60 80 100
time / s

Fig. 1.2

(i) The object has an initial speed of 50 m / s and decelerates uniformly at 0.35 m / s2 for
100 s.

On Fig. 1.2, draw the graph to represent the motion of the object. [2]

(ii) Calculate the distance travelled by the object from time = 0 to time = 100 s.

distance = ...........................................................[3]

[Total: 9]

© UCLES 2018 0625/42/M/J/18 [Turn over

2 Fig. 2.1 shows a hollow metal cylinder containing air, floating in the sea.

surface
of sea air

1.8 m
1.2 m

seawater

bottom

Fig. 2.1

(a) The density of the metal used to make the cylinder is greater than the density of seawater.

Explain why the cylinder floats.

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

(b) The cylinder has a length of 1.8 m. It floats with 1.2 m submerged in the sea. The bottom of
the cylinder has an area of cross-section of 0.80 m2.

The density of seawater is 1020 kg / m3. Calculate the force exerted on the bottom of the
cylinder due to the depth of the seawater.

force = ...........................................................[4]

(c) Deduce the weight of the cylinder. Explain your answer.

weight = ...............................................................

explanation ...............................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[2]

[Total: 7]
© UCLES 2018 0625/42/M/J/18
5

3 Fig. 3.1 shows an aircraft on the deck of an aircraft carrier.

Fig. 3.1

The aircraft accelerates from rest along the deck. At take-off, the aircraft has a speed of 75 m / s.
The mass of the aircraft is 9500 kg.

(a) Calculate the kinetic energy of the aircraft at take-off.

kinetic energy = ...........................................................[3]

(b) On an aircraft carrier, a catapult provides an accelerating force on the aircraft. The catapult
provides a constant force for a distance of 150 m along the deck.

Calculate the resultant force on the aircraft as it accelerates. Assume that all of the kinetic
energy at take-off is from the work done on the aircraft by the catapult.

force = ...........................................................[2]

[Total: 5]

© UCLES 2018 0625/42/M/J/18 [Turn over

4 (a) Fig. 4.1 represents an atom.

Fig. 4.1

Representing atoms by circles approximately the same size as in Fig. 4.1, sketch

(i) on Fig. 4.2, the arrangement of atoms in a crystalline solid, [1]

(ii) on Fig. 4.3, the arrangement of atoms in a gas. [1]

solid gas

Fig. 4.2 Fig. 4.3

(b) (i) Describe the motion of the atoms in a solid.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) A sculptor makes a statue from a block of crystalline rock using a cutting tool. Explain
why he must apply a large force to the tool to remove a small piece of rock.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

(c) A helium-filled balloon in the room of a house suddenly bursts.

State and explain, in terms of atoms, what happens to the helium from the balloon after the
balloon has burst.

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

[Total: 7]

© UCLES 2018 0625/42/M/J/18

5 A student wants to investigate good and bad absorbers of thermal radiation. She has the apparatus
shown in Fig. 5.1, a supply of cold water and a metre rule.

small polished small 2 thermometers electric heater

can black-painted
can

Fig. 5.1

Explain how the student could use the apparatus she has available to carry out her investigation.
Describe the results she would expect to obtain. Draw a diagram of the set-up.

..........................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................[4]

[Total: 4]

© UCLES 2018 0625/42/M/J/18 [Turn over

6 (a) Circle two of the following that apply to an ultrasound wave travelling in air.

frequency 3.5 Hz frequency 350 Hz frequency 35 000 Hz longitudinal

transverse speed 1.5 m / s speed 1.5 × 103 m / s speed 1.5 × 106 m / s

[2]

(b) Calculate the wavelength in a vacuum of X-rays of frequency 1.3 × 1017 Hz.

wavelength = ...........................................................[3]

(c) A dentist takes an X-ray photograph of a patient’s teeth. Explain why it is safe for the patient
to be close to the source of X-rays, but the dentist must stand away from the source.

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

(d) State, with a reason, why microwave ovens are designed only to work with the door closed.

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

[Total: 9]

© UCLES 2018 0625/42/M/J/18

BLANK PAGE

© UCLES 2018 0625/42/M/J/18 [Turn over

7 (a) Fig. 7.1 shows a ray of light in water that is incident on a submerged, transparent plastic
block.

water

plastic

Fig. 7.1

State what happens to the speed of light as it enters the plastic block. Explain your answer.

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

(b) Fig. 7.2 shows the two principal focuses F1 and F2 of a thin converging lens.

F1 F2
O

lens
1.0 cm

1.0 cm

Fig. 7.2

Fig. 7.2 also shows an object O of height 1.2 cm placed close to the lens. Two rays from the
tip of the object O are incident on the lens.

© UCLES 2018 0625/42/M/J/18

(i) On Fig. 7.2, continue the paths of these two rays for a further distance of at least 5 cm.
[2]

(ii) Using your answer to (b)(i), find and mark on Fig. 7.2 the image I of object O and label
this image. [2]

(iii) Determine the height of image I.

height = ...........................................................[1]

(iv) State and explain whether I is a real image or a virtual image.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

[Total: 8]

© UCLES 2018 0625/42/M/J/18 [Turn over

8 Fig. 8.1 shows a circuit that contains a battery of electromotive force (e.m.f.) 6.0 V, an ammeter, a
20 Ω resistor and component X.

6.0 V

A X

20 Ω

Fig. 8.1

(a) (i) State the name of component X.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) The potential difference (p.d.) across the 20 Ω resistor is measured with a voltmeter.

On Fig. 8.1, draw the symbol for this voltmeter connected to the circuit. [1]

(b) The p.d. across the 20 Ω resistor is varied from zero to 6.0 V. For each value of p.d. a
corresponding current is measured.

© UCLES 2018 0625/42/M/J/18

On Fig. 8.2, draw a line to indicate how the current measured by the ammeter depends on
the p.d. across the 20 Ω resistor.

0.40

current / A

0.30

0.20

0.10

0
0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
p.d. / V
Fig. 8.2 [3]

(i) State how the combined resistance of the two resistors in parallel compares with the
resistance of each of the resistors on its own.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) The p.d. across the two parallel resistors is changed and the current in the battery for
each value of the p.d. is measured. A second line could be drawn on Fig. 8.2 to indicate
how the current measured by the ammeter depends on the p.d. across the two resistors
in parallel.

State how the second line differs from the original line. You are not expected to draw this
second line.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

[Total: 7]

© UCLES 2018 0625/42/M/J/18 [Turn over

9 (a) Fig. 9.1 shows a coil ABCD with two turns. The coil is in a magnetic field.

B C

N S

A D

Fig. 9.1

When there is a current in the coil, the coil experiences a turning effect.

(i) Explain why there is a turning effect.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) The value of the current is 3 A. Place one tick in each column of the table to indicate how
the turning effect changes with the change described.

turning effect number of turns on coil current strength of magnetic

increased to six increased to 9 A field decreased by a
factor of 2
decreased by factor of 4
decreased by factor of 3
decreased by factor of 2
no change
increased by factor of 2
increased by factor of 3
increased by factor of 4
[3]

© UCLES 2018 0625/42/M/J/18

(b) Fig. 9.2 shows a magnet held just below a vertical coil connected to a galvanometer.

Fig. 9.2

The magnet is released.

(i) State any effect on the galvanometer.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

(ii) State any effect on the magnetic field produced by the coil.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

[Total: 8]

© UCLES 2018 0625/42/M/J/18 [Turn over

10 (a) An uncharged conducting metal plate rests on insulating supports. Fig. 10.1 shows the plate
and a positively charged insulating plastic sheet placed on top of the metal plate.

plastic sheet

metal plate

insulating support insulating support

Fig. 10.1

(i) Describe any flow of charge that takes place when the plastic sheet is placed onto the
metal plate.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) On Fig. 10.1, draw how charges are now arranged within the metal plate. [1]

(iii) State and explain if this arrangement of charge helps to keep the plastic sheet in place.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

© UCLES 2018 0625/42/M/J/18

(b) Fig. 10.2 shows two uncharged conducting spheres suspended on insulating threads.

Fig. 10.2

1. The spheres are now both given positive charges. On Fig. 10.2, draw a possible position
of each sphere and thread.

2. Explain the positions you have drawn.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

[Total: 6]

© UCLES 2018 0625/42/M/J/18 [Turn over

11 (a) A radioactive nucleus of uranium-235 decays to a nucleus of thorium and emits an α-particle.
Complete the equation.

235
92 U
.......
.......
Th + 42 α
[2]

(b) A nucleus of uranium-235 undergoes nuclear fission in a reactor.

(i) State what is meant by nuclear fission.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) Suggest why a nuclear reactor is surrounded by thick concrete walls.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

(iii) State one environmental advantage and one environmental disadvantage of using a
fission reactor to generate electrical energy in a power station.

advantage .........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

disadvantage .....................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

(c) The thorium produced by the decay in (a) is also radioactive and has a half-life of 26 hours.
At a certain time, a pure sample of this isotope initially contains 4.8 × 109 atoms.

Calculate the number of atoms of this sample that decay in the following 52 hours.

number = ...........................................................[3]

[Total: 10]

© UCLES 2018 0625/42/M/J/18

BLANK PAGE

© UCLES 2018 0625/42/M/J/18

BLANK PAGE

© UCLES 2018 0625/42/M/J/18

Cambridge Assessment International Education
Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education
* 3 3 7 6 1 2 0 8 2 8 *

PHYSICS 0625/42
Paper 4 Theory (Extended) May/June 2019
1 hour 15 minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
No Additional Materials are required.

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Answer all questions.

At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

This syllabus is regulated for use in England, Wales and Northern Ireland as a Cambridge International Level 1/Level 2 Certificate.

This document consists of 15 printed pages and 1 blank page.

DC (CE/FC) 169310/4
© UCLES 2019 [Turn over
2

1 A bus is travelling between points A and D. There are bus stops at A, B, C and D but the bus does
not stop at B and C. Fig. 1.1 is a speed-time graph for the bus.

B C
40
speed
km / h 30

10
A D
0
0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0
time / min

Fig. 1.1

(a) Describe the motion of the bus between each of the bus stops. Select the appropriate
description from the list below.

constant acceleration decreasing acceleration

increasing acceleration moving backwards at constant speed

moving forwards at constant speed stationary

1. between A and B ..............................................................................

2. between B and C ..............................................................................

3. between C and D .............................................................................

[3]

(b) The average speed of the bus between A and D is 23 km / h.

Calculate the distance between A and D.

distance = ........................................................ [3]

On Fig. 1.1, sketch a possible graph for this additional motion. Label X when the bus starts to
accelerate and label Y for 30 seconds later. [3]

[Total: 9]

© UCLES 2019 0625/42/M/J/19

2 Fig. 2.1 shows a model fire engine. Its brakes are applied.

model fire engine

containing water tank

jet of water
FIRE

Fig. 2.1

0.80 kg of water is emitted in the jet every 6.0 s at a velocity of 0.72 m / s relative to the model.

(a) Calculate the change in momentum of the water that is ejected in 6.0 s.

momentum = ........................................................ [2]

(b) Calculate the magnitude of the force acting on the model because of the jet of water.

force = ........................................................ [2]

(c) The brakes of the model are released.

State and explain the direction of the acceleration of the model.

Statement .................................................................................................................................

Explanation ...............................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[2]

(d) In (c) the model contains a water tank, which is initially full.

State and explain any change in the magnitude of the initial acceleration if the brakes are first
released when the tank is nearly empty.

Statement .................................................................................................................................

Explanation ...............................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[3]

[Total: 9]
© UCLES 2019 0625/42/M/J/19 [Turn over
4

3 Fig. 3.1 shows solar cells used to generate electrical energy.

Fig. 3.1

(a) State the main form of energy transferred from the Sun to the solar cells for the generation of
electrical energy.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) Consider the generation of electrical energy by a large number of solar cells, as shown in
Fig. 3.1.

(i) State one environmental advantage and one environmental disadvantage.

advantage .........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

disadvantage .....................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

(ii) State and explain whether this source of electrical energy is renewable.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

© UCLES 2019 0625/42/M/J/19

(c) Each group of solar cells is arranged in a rectangle 1.2 m × 2.8 m. The solar cells are situated
in a region where 260 W of solar energy is received per square metre of the cells. The
electrical output of each group of solar cells is a current of 2.5 A with a potential difference of
86 V.

Calculate the efficiency of the solar cells.

efficiency = .................................................... % [4]

[Total: 8]

© UCLES 2019 0625/42/M/J/19 [Turn over

4 (a) State and explain, in terms of molecules, any change in the pressure of a gas when the
volume is reduced at a constant temperature.

Statement .................................................................................................................................

Explanation ...............................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[3]

(b) Complete Table 4.1 to give the relative order of magnitude of the expansion of gases, liquids
and solids for the same increase of temperature.

Write one of these words in each blank space:

gas liquid solid

Table 4.1

expands most
expands least
[2]

[Total: 5]

© UCLES 2019 0625/42/M/J/19

5 (a) (i) A liquid is heated so that bubbles of its vapour rise to the surface and molecules escape
to the atmosphere.

State the name of this process .................................................................................... [1]

(ii) At a lower temperature than in (a)(i), molecules escape from the surface to the
atmosphere.

State the name of this process .................................................................................... [1]

(b) (i) Fig. 5.1 shows apparatus used to determine the power output of a heater.

thermometer
electric heater

metal block

Fig. 5.1

The metal block has a mass of 2.7 kg. The metal of the block has a specific heat capacity
of 900 J / (kg °C).

In 2 min 30 s, the temperature of the block increases from 21 °C to 39 °C.

Calculate the power of the heater.

power = ........................................................ [4]

(ii) State and explain a precaution that can be taken to improve the accuracy of the
experiment.

Statement ..........................................................................................................................

Explanation .......................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

[Total: 8]

© UCLES 2019 0625/42/M/J/19 [Turn over

6 (a) Fig. 6.1 shows a water wave in a ripple tank.

new wave
direction

original
wave
direction

region B

region A

Fig. 6.1

(i) State the name of the process that occurs as the wave moves from region A to region B.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Suggest a cause for the change in direction of the wave.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

© UCLES 2019 0625/42/M/J/19

(b) Fig. 6.2 shows a transverse wave.

displacement

0
time

Fig. 6.2

On Fig. 6.2, draw a wave which has half the amplitude and a greater frequency than the wave
shown. [2]

(c) A train travels along steel rails. A person waiting at a station hears the sound of the train
through the rails before he hears the sound through the air.

(i) Explain why this happens.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) The speed of sound in the rails is 5800 m / s.

Calculate the wavelength of sound of frequency 1100 Hz travelling at this speed.

wavelength = ........................................................ [2]

[Total: 7]

© UCLES 2019 0625/42/M/J/19 [Turn over

7 (a) In Fig. 7.1, a converging lens projects a sharp image of an object O on to a screen.

Complete the paths of the two rays from the object to the screen.

converging lens
screen

Fig. 7.1 [2]

(b) The converging lens in (a) is replaced with a thinner converging lens. The object O and the
screen remain in the same positions as in (a). The thinner converging lens has a longer focal
length than the converging lens in (a).

Complete the paths of the two rays from the object to the screen in Fig. 7.2.

thinner converging lens

screen

Fig. 7.2 [2]

(c) A converging lens is used as a magnifying glass.

The focal length of the lens is 10 cm.

(i) Describe the position of the object in relation to the lens.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Describe the position of the image in relation to the lens and the object.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Give three properties of the image formed by a magnifying glass.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 8]
© UCLES 2019 0625/42/M/J/19
11

8 (a) A conducting sphere is mounted on an insulating stand. Explain how you would use a
positively charged rod of insulating material to charge the sphere by induction.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [3]

(b) Fig. 8.1 shows an electronic component.

Fig. 8.1

State the name of the component shown in Fig. 8.1 .......................................................... [1]

[2]

© UCLES 2019 0625/42/M/J/19 [Turn over

(d) Fig. 8.2 shows the connections to two logic gates.

A D
B

E
C

Fig. 8.2

Table 8.1 shows part of the truth table for the arrangement of logic gates in Fig. 8.2.

Complete Table 8.1 for the input values shown.

Table 8.1

intermediate
inputs output
point
A B C D E
0 0 1
0 1 1
1 1 0
1 1 1
[3]

[Total: 9]

© UCLES 2019 0625/42/M/J/19

9 (a) Describe how to demagnetise a bar magnet using alternating current (a.c.) in a coil.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [3]

(b) Fig. 9.1 shows a simple direct current (d.c.) motor.

d.c. power supply

split-ring
commutator

N S

coil

Fig. 9.1

(i) Explain the purpose of the split-ring commutator.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [3]

(ii) The voltage of the power supply is increased.

State the effect this has on the motor.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 7]

© UCLES 2019 0625/42/M/J/19 [Turn over

10 Fig. 10.1 shows a circuit containing a filament lamp of resistance 0.30 Ω and two resistors, each of
resistance 0.20 Ω.

0.20 Ω
0.20 Ω

0.30 Ω

Fig. 10.1

(a) Calculate the combined resistance of the lamp and the two resistors.

resistance = ........................................................ [3]

(b) The potential difference (p.d.) of the supply is increased so that the current in the lamp
increases.

State and explain any change in the resistance of the lamp.

Statement .................................................................................................................................

Explanation ...............................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[2]

[Total: 5]

© UCLES 2019 0625/42/M/J/19

11 (a) A radon-222 nucleus contains 86 protons and 136 neutrons. It decays by emitting an
α-particle and becomes a nucleus of an isotope of polonium. The symbol for radon is Rn and
the symbol for polonium is Po.

Write down the nuclide equation for this decay.

[3]

(b) Carbon-14 is radioactive with a half-life of 5700 years. An animal bone is dug up in an
archaeological excavation. The quantity of carbon-14 in the bone is 25% of what it was when
the bone was buried.

Calculate the time that has elapsed since it was buried.

time = .............................................. years [2]

[Total: 5]

© UCLES 2019 0625/42/M/J/19

BLANK PAGE

© UCLES 2019 0625/42/M/J/19

Cambridge IGCSE™
* 5 1 2 0 4 7 0 8 0 0 *

PHYSICS 0625/42
Paper 4 Theory (Extended) May/June 2020

1 hour 15 minutes

You must answer on the question paper.

No additional materials are needed.

INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 80.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].

This document has 12 pages. Blank pages are indicated.

DC (ST/CT) 194263/3
© UCLES 2020 [Turn over
2

1 Fig. 1.1 shows the speed–time graph of a person on a journey.

On the journey, he walks and then waits for a bus. He then travels by bus. He gets off the bus and
waits for two minutes. He then walks again. His journey takes 74 minutes.

speed
km / h
40

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
time / min

Fig. 1.1

(a) For the whole journey calculate:

(i) the distance travelled

distance = ......................................................... [3]

(ii) the average speed.

average speed = ......................................................... [2]

© UCLES 2020 0625/42/M/J/20

(b) State and explain which feature of a speed–time graph shows acceleration.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 9]

© UCLES 2020 0625/42/M/J/20 [Turn over

2 Fig. 2.1 shows a train.

Fig. 2.1

The total mass of the train and its passengers is 750 000 kg. The train is travelling at a speed of
84 m / s. The driver applies the brakes and the train takes 80 s to slow down to a speed of 42 m / s.

(a) Calculate the impulse applied to the train as it slows down.

impulse = ......................................................... [3]

(b) Calculate the average resultant force applied to the train as it slows down.

force = ......................................................... [2]

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(d) The train took 80 s to reduce its speed from 84 m / s to 42 m / s. Explain why, with the same
braking force, the train takes more than 80 s to reduce its speed from 42 m / s to zero.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(e) On a wet day, the train travels a greater distance before it stops along the same track. The
train has the same speed of 84 m / s before the brakes are applied.

Suggest a reason for this.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 8]
© UCLES 2020 0625/42/M/J/20
5

3 (a) A solar panel receives energy from the Sun at a rate of 5.0 kW.

Thermal energy is transferred from the solar panel to water with an efficiency of 20%.

Cold water of mass 15 kg enters the solar panel every hour.

The specific heat capacity of water is 4200 J / (kg °C).

Calculate the temperature increase of the water.

temperature increase = .....................................................°C [4]

(b) State and explain one advantage and one disadvantage of heating the water in a solar panel
compared with heating the water in a coal-burning boiler.

advantage .................................................................................................................................

explanation ...............................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

disadvantage ............................................................................................................................

explanation ...............................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [4]

[Total: 8]

© UCLES 2020 0625/42/M/J/20 [Turn over

4 Fig. 4.1 shows a liquid-in-glass thermometer without a temperature scale.

The liquid inside the thermometer has a melting point of –39 °C.

Fig. 4.1

(a) Describe simple experiments to mark the positions of the fixed points on this liquid-in-glass
thermometer.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [4]

(b) A scientist is measuring temperatures at the South Pole. These temperatures have a minimum
value of –90 °C.

State why the liquid used in the thermometer in Fig. 4.1 would not be suitable for this scientist.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(c) State a design change that:

(i) increases the sensitivity of a liquid-in-glass thermometer

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) increases the range of a liquid-in-glass thermometer.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(d) State the property of the liquid which ensures that the scale on a liquid-in-glass thermometer
is linear.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 8]

© UCLES 2020 0625/42/M/J/20

5 Fig. 5.1 shows crests of a wave approaching a barrier where the wave is reflected.

direction of travel of wave

crest

barrier

Fig. 5.1

(a) On Fig. 5.1, draw three crests of the reflected wave. [3]

(b) The wave has a wavelength of 36 cm and a speed of 1.2 m / s.

Calculate the frequency of the wave.

frequency = ......................................................... [3]

(c) Complete the following sentences.

An echo is the name for a reflected .................................................................. wave.

The waves that form an echo are a type of longitudinal wave. Longitudinal waves are made

up of .................................................................. and rarefactions.

[2]

[Total: 8]

© UCLES 2020 0625/42/M/J/20 [Turn over

6 (a) Fig. 6.1 shows an arrangement of glass prisms inside a box. The angles of the prisms are
45°, 45° and 90°.

box

prism 1
incident
ray of light

wall prism 2

eye

Fig. 6.1 (not to scale)

This is a device used to view objects that are behind a wall.

The incident ray of light undergoes total internal reflection in the prisms.

On Fig. 6.1, complete the path of the ray through the device and show the ray as it emerges
from the box. [3]

(b) Show that the refractive index of glass with a critical angle of 45° is 1.41.

[2]

[Total: 5]

© UCLES 2020 0625/42/M/J/20

7 (a) A student makes a transformer that uses an alternating current (a.c.) supply with an
electromotive force (e.m.f.) of 12.0 V to induce an output potential difference (p.d.) of 2.0 V.

The student is provided with two lengths of insulated wire and the U-shaped piece of iron
shown in Fig. 7.1.

iron

Fig. 7.1

(i) Complete and label Fig. 7.1 to show the transformer connected to the supply and the
output from the transformer. [3]

(ii) Explain the function of the piece of iron in the transformer.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(iii) The output of the transformer is connected to a lamp. The current in the lamp is 100 mA.
The transformer is 100% efficient.

Calculate the input current to the transformer.

current = ......................................................... [2]

(b) Another transformer is used in a school laboratory to step down a mains supply with a p.d. of
110 V to 12 V. This transformer is mounted in a metal case.

State and explain an essential safety feature required for this arrangement.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 9]

© UCLES 2020 0625/42/M/J/20 [Turn over

8 (a) A light-emitting diode (LED) is a diode that emits light when there is a current in it. Draw a
circuit diagram showing an LED, connected so that it is lit, in series with a battery and a fixed
resistor. Use standard electrical symbols.

[4]

(b) The p.d. across the LED when lit is 3.1 V and the current in the LED is 0.030 A.

Calculate the value of the resistance of the LED when lit.

resistance = ......................................................... [2]

(c) Fig. 8.1 shows a power supply of e.m.f. 10.5 V connected in series with a lamp and a heater.
The p.d. across the lamp is 2.1 V and the current in the lamp is 1.5 A.

Fig. 8.1

Calculate:

(i) the resistance of the heater

resistance = ......................................................... [2]

(ii) the power of the heater.

power = ......................................................... [2]

[Total: 10]
© UCLES 2020 0625/42/M/J/20
11

9 (a) Complete the truth table shown in Table 9.1 for a NAND gate.

Table 9.1

input 1 input 2 output

0 0
0 1
1 0
1 1
[1]

(b) The circuit shown in Fig. 9.1 contains two different types of gate, labelled X and Y.

A C
X
B
X E

Y D

Fig. 9.1

Table 9.2 shows a partially completed truth table for this circuit.

Table 9.2

input intermediate point output

A B C D E
0 0 0 0
0 1 1 0
1 0 1 0
1 1 1 1

(i) From Table 9.2, deduce the name of logic gate Y.

Ring your answer from the list.

AND NAND NOR NOT OR [1]

(ii) Complete the truth table in Table 9.2. [2]

(c) There is a current of 3.0 A in a copper wire. Calculate how many electrons pass through the
copper wire every 60 s. The charge on an electron is 1.6 × 10–19 C.

number of electrons = ......................................................... [3]

[Total: 7]
© UCLES 2020 0625/42/M/J/20 [Turn over
12

10 Fig. 10.1 shows a vacuum tube with a radioactive source. The radioactive source emits α-particles,
β-particles and γ -rays. There is a very strong magnetic field between the N pole and the S pole of
the magnet.
lead cylinder with narrow
vacuum central hole

radioactive source
N

S
α-particles, β-particles and γ-rays
Fig. 10.1

(a) The lead cylinder has a narrow central hole. State and explain the effect of the lead cylinder.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(b) Describe the paths of the α-particles, β-particles and γ -rays as they pass through the magnetic
field. Explain your answers.

(i) α-particles

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) β-particles

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(iii) γ -rays

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 8]
Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

© UCLES 2020 0625/42/M/J/20

Cambridge IGCSE™
* 3 8 7 2 9 6 7 8 8 0 *

PHYSICS 0625/42
Paper 4 Theory (Extended) May/June 2021

1 hour 15 minutes

You must answer on the question paper.

No additional materials are needed.

INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 80.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].

This document has 16 pages.

DC (ST/JG) 198540/2
© UCLES 2021 [Turn over
2

1 (a) Fig. 1.1 shows a sealed weather balloon which is stationary in still air.

weather
balloon

instruments

Fig. 1.1

State whether the overall density of the balloon and its instruments is greater than, less than,
or the same as the density of the surrounding air.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) At night, the gas inside the balloon cools. The pressure of the air outside the balloon remains
the same.

(i) State whether the balloon rises, falls or remains stationary.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Explain your answer.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

© UCLES 2021 0625/42/M/J/21

(i) On the axes of Fig. 1.2, sketch a speed–time graph to show this motion.

speed

0
0 time

Fig. 1.2
[3]

(ii) State the values of the initial acceleration and the final acceleration of the object.

initial acceleration ..............................................................................................................

final acceleration ...............................................................................................................

[2]

[Total: 9]

© UCLES 2021 0625/42/M/J/21 [Turn over

2 (a) Define the moment of a force.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) Fig. 2.1 shows an object of negligible weight. The object is in equilibrium.

rope
object pulley

20 cm
pivot P
50 kg
mass

12 cm

force F

Fig. 2.1

The object is free to rotate about its pivot P.

Calculate the value of force F.

F = ......................................................... [2]

(c) Describe an experiment involving vertical forces to show that there is no net moment on an
object in equilibrium. You may draw a diagram in the space provided.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [3]

[Total: 6]
© UCLES 2021 0625/42/M/J/21
5

3 Fig. 3.1 shows water flowing at very slow speed over a cliff edge.

water
cliff edge

15 m

rocks

Fig. 3.1

The water falls 15 m onto the rocks below.

(a) Show that the velocity of the water when it strikes the rocks is 17 m / s.

[4]

(b) 30 kg of water flows over the cliff edge every second.

Calculate the force exerted by the rocks on the falling water. Ignore any splashing.

force = ......................................................... [3]

[Total: 7]

© UCLES 2021 0625/42/M/J/21 [Turn over

4 (a) Pollen particles are mixed into a liquid. They are seen to move when observed through a
microscope.

(i) Describe this movement.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Explain this movement in terms of the molecules of the liquid and the pollen particles.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [3]

(b) (i) Medical professionals sometimes rub ethanol over the skin of a patient. Ethanol
evaporates readily at room temperature and has a high specific latent heat of vaporisation.

State whether the patient experiences heating, cooling or neither at the site where the
ethanol is applied. Explain your answer.

statement ..........................................................................................................................

explanation ........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [3]

(ii) State any effect on the rate of evaporation of ethanol when a fan blows air over the
patient’s skin.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 8]

© UCLES 2021 0625/42/M/J/21

5 (a) A machine delivers a hot drink in a plastic cup, which is uncomfortably hot to hold.

Fig. 5.1 shows the cup with the hot drink.

hot drink

plastic cup

Fig. 5.1

Fig. 5.2a shows the cup with the hot drink and a holder for the sides of the cup.

Fig. 5.2b shows a cross-section through the holder. The holder is made from two strong paper
cylinders separated by a wavy piece of strong paper to make air gaps.

hot drink
plastic cup holder

holder

Fig. 5.2a Fig. 5.2b

Explain how using the holder makes it more comfortable to hold the cup.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [3]

(b) A student carries out experiments on the cooling of the hot drink described in (a), with and
without the holder in place. He finds that the holder only reduces the rate of cooling slightly.

Suggest and explain another action that reduces the rate of cooling more effectively.

suggestion ................................................................................................................................

explanation ...............................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [3]

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 7]

© UCLES 2021 0625/42/M/J/21 [Turn over

6 (a) Fig. 6.1 shows a ray of green light passing through a prism.

prism

ray of
green light

Fig. 6.1

A ray of blue light is directed towards the prism on the same path as the ray of green light.

On Fig. 6.1, draw the path of the blue light through and out of the prism. [3]

(b) The wavelength of the blue light in air is 4.8 × 10–7 m.

Calculate the frequency of the blue light.

frequency = ......................................................... [3]

[Total: 6]

© UCLES 2021 0625/42/M/J/21

7 (a) Fig. 7.1 shows two magnets and the gap between the N pole of one magnet and the S pole of
the other magnet.

Fig. 7.1

On Fig. 7.1, draw three lines to show the pattern and direction of the magnetic field in the
gap. [2]

(b) (i) Fig. 7.2 is a repeat of Fig. 7.1 showing the two magnets.

On Fig. 7.2, draw the position of a plotting compass needle when it comes to rest in the
gap between the N pole and the S pole.

Fig. 7.2 [1]

(ii) Explain why the needle comes to rest in this position.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(c) Describe a method of demagnetising a bar magnet.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 7]
© UCLES 2021 0625/42/M/J/21 [Turn over
10

8 (a) Two identical radioactive sources emit α-particles and γ-rays into two vacuum tubes.

(i) Fig. 8.1 shows two electrically charged plates on either side of one of the vacuum tubes.

plate at +2500 V
vacuum

source

initial path of
beam of α-particles
and γ-rays
plate at –2500 V

Fig. 8.1

Write the symbol α once in Table 8.1 to indicate any deflection of the α-particles.

Write the symbol γ once in Table 8.1 to indicate any deflection of the γ-rays.

Table 8.1

towards bottom of towards top of

into page out of page no deflection
page page

[2]

© UCLES 2021 0625/42/M/J/21

(ii) Fig. 8.2 shows the poles of a very strong magnet on either side of the other vacuum
tube.

N pole of
strong magnet
vacuum

source N

initial path of
beam of α-particles S
and γ-rays
S pole of
strong magnet

Fig. 8.2

Write the symbol α once in Table 8.2 to indicate any deflection of the α-particles.

Write the symbol γ once in Table 8.2 to indicate any deflection of the γ-rays.

Table 8.2

towards bottom of towards top of

into page out of page no deflection
page page

[2]

© UCLES 2021 0625/42/M/J/21 [Turn over

(b) Fig. 8.3 shows a simple direct current (d.c.) electric motor with a split-ring commutator.

split-ring

brush

coil

N S

Fig. 8.3

(i) State and explain the direction of rotation of the coil as seen from point X.

statement ..........................................................................................................................

explanation ........................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [3]

(ii) The coil rotates through 90° from the position shown.

State what happens to the moment in this position.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) The coil is rotated through 180° from the position shown. By considering the forces on
the coil, explain how the split-ring commutator enables the motor to turn continuously.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 10]

9 (a) Fig. 9.1 shows a circuit.

M A

Fig. 9.1

On Fig. 9.1, draw two clearly labelled arrows to show the direction of the electron flow and
the direction of the conventional current in the circuit. [2]

(b) The current in the motor is 13 A. The charge on an electron is 1.6 × 10–19 C.

Calculate the number of electrons that pass through the motor every second.

number of electrons = ......................................................... [3]

[Total: 5]

10 (a) Fig. 10.1 shows the potential difference–current graph for a circuit component K.

10.0

8.0
potential difference / V
6.0

4.0

2.0

0
0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
current / mA

Fig. 10.1

Calculate the resistance of component K when the current in it is 4.0 mA.

resistance = ......................................................... [2]

(b) Fig. 10.2 shows a circuit containing component K.

component K
point X

resistor R

Fig. 10.2

At low temperature, component K has a much greater resistance than resistor R.

At high temperature, component K has a much smaller resistance than resistor R.

State and explain the effect on the lamp when the temperature changes from very low to very
high.

Refer to the voltage at point X in your explanation.

statement ..................................................................................................................................

explanation ...............................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [4]

(c) State the name of component K.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 7]

11 (a) A student investigates a radioactive substance in a laboratory.

Fig. 11.1 is a graph showing the count rate detected as the substance decays for 7.5 minutes.

250
count rate
counts / min
200

150

100

0
0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0
time / min

Fig. 11.1

The background radiation is 20 counts / min.

(i) Determine the half-life of the substance.

half-life = ......................................................... [3]

(ii) Calculate the count rate detected at time = 9.6 minutes.

count rate = .......................................counts / min [2]

(b) The substance emits α-particles and γ-rays. The student suggests that it is safe to store the
substance in a plastic container of thickness 2 mm.

State and explain whether the student’s suggestion is correct.

statement ..................................................................................................................................

explanation ...............................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [3]

Cambridge International Examinations
Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education
* 7 6 6 4 1 9 6 2 9 2 *

PHYSICS 0625/42
Paper 4 Theory (Extended) October/November 2017
1 hour 15 minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
No Additional Materials are required.

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Answer all questions.

At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

The syllabus is approved for use in England, Wales and Northern Ireland as a Cambridge International Level 1/Level 2 Certificate.

This document consists of 16 printed pages.

1 Fig. 1.1 shows a cylinder made from copper of density 9000 kg / m3.

Fig. 1.1

The volume of the cylinder is 75 cm3.

(a) Calculate the mass of the cylinder.

mass = ...........................................................[2]

(b) The gravitational field strength is 10 N / kg.

(i) Calculate the weight of the cylinder.

weight = ...........................................................[2]

(ii) State one way in which weight differs from mass.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(c) Fig. 1.2 shows the cylinder immersed in a liquid.

liquid
2.7 cm

cylinder

Fig. 1.2 (not to scale)

The upper face of the cylinder is at a depth of 2.7 cm below the surface of the liquid.

The pressure due to the liquid at the upper face of the cylinder is 560 Pa.

(i) Calculate the density of the liquid.

density = ...........................................................[2]

(ii) Explain why the cylinder does not float in this liquid.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

[Total: 8]

2 (a) An object is moving in a straight line at constant speed. A resultant force begins to act upon
the object.

State the ways in which the force may change the motion of the object.

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

(b) State one other effect a force could have on the object.

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

(c) The mass of a car is 1400 kg. The car, initially at rest, is moved along a level road by a
resultant force of 3500 N. The car reaches a speed of 30 m / s.

(i) Calculate the average acceleration of the car.

acceleration = ...........................................................[2]

(ii) Calculate the time for which the force is applied.

time = ...........................................................[2]

(iii) State the name of a force which opposes the motion of the car.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

[Total: 8]

3 (a) State the name of a fuel that is burnt to produce large amounts of electrical energy.

Describe a process by which electrical energy is obtained from the chemical energy stored in
this fuel.

Name of fuel: ............................................................................................................................

Description of process: .............................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[4]

(b) Explain why the Sun is the source of the energy stored in the fuel in (a).

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

(c) Explain whether the process in (a) is renewable.

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

[Total: 8]

4 A beaker contains water at room temperature. Fig. 4.1 shows the beaker placed on a tripod above
a Bunsen burner.

Fig. 4.1

The Bunsen burner is lit and the temperature of the water begins to increase.

(a) The water is evaporating.

(i) Describe one difference between evaporation and boiling.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

(ii) State and explain what happens to the rate at which the water evaporates as its
temperature increases.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(b) After a few minutes, the water reaches its boiling point temperature. The water continues to
gain energy from the Bunsen burner.

(i) State what happens to the temperature of the water in the beaker.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) The specific latent heat of vaporisation of water is 2.3 × 106 J / kg. After the water reaches
its boiling point, it takes 12 minutes for 0.095 kg of water to boil away.

Calculate the average rate at which energy is being supplied to the water by heating.

rate of energy supplied = ...........................................................[3]

[Total: 7]

5 (a) Explain why houses in hot countries are often painted white.
Use ideas about the transfer of thermal energy in your answer.

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[3]

(b) As a star approaches the end of its life, the amount of radiation emitted from it per second
changes.

The star cools down.

State any effect on the rate of emission of radiation.

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

[Total: 4]

6 Fig. 6.1 represents wavefronts of a water wave on the surface of water approaching a gap in a
barrier.

barrier with gap

direction of travel
of wavefronts

Fig. 6.1

(a) The wavefronts to the right of the barrier spread out as far as the dashed lines in Fig. 6.1.

(i) State the name of the process of spreading out.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) Draw four wavefronts to the right of the barrier. [2]

(b) (i) State the effect of increasing the width of the gap in the barrier.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) State and explain the effect of decreasing the frequency of the water wave.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

[Total: 6]

7 (a) Fig. 7.1 is a diagram of a converging lens used to produce an image of an object. Each point
marked F is a principal focus.

object

F F
image

Fig. 7.1

Write down three terms that describe the image produced.

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[3]

(b) Fig. 7.2 shows a plane mirror, a point object O and an observer’s eye.

mirror

O eye

Fig. 7.2

(i) On Fig. 7.2, draw two rays from the object reflected to the observer’s eye. [2]

(ii) On Fig. 7.2, complete your drawing to determine the position of the image of the object O.
Label this image I.
[2]

[Total: 7]

8 Fig. 8.1 is a circuit diagram.

24 V

8.0 Ω 4.0 Ω

6.0 Ω

Fig. 8.1

Calculate

(a) the resistance of the circuit,

resistance = ...........................................................[4]

(b) the potential difference (p.d.) across the 8.0 Ω resistor.

p.d. = ...........................................................[2]

[Total: 6]

9 (a) Fig. 9.1 is a circuit diagram.

Fig. 9.1

(i) State the names of circuit components A, B and C.

component A .....................................................................................................................

component B .....................................................................................................................

component C .....................................................................................................................
[2]

(ii) The circuit can be used to indicate a change in temperature.

State and explain what would be observed when the temperature changes from hot
to cold.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[4]

(b) Fig. 9.2 shows a digital circuit.

X
C

Fig. 9.2

Complete column X of the truth table for this circuit. Use the blank column for your working.

A B C X
0 0 0
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 0
0 0 1
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 1

[3]

[Total: 9]

10 (a) Fig. 10.1 shows a wire that carries a current into the page.
The circles on Fig. 10.1 show the pattern of the magnetic field around the wire.

Fig. 10.1

(i) On Fig. 10.1, draw an arrow on each circle to show the direction of the magnetic field. [1]

(ii) State why the spacing of the circles increases as the distance from the wire increases.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(b) Fig. 10.2 shows an electric door lock.

The slot in the door contains an unmagnetised iron bolt attached to a spring.
The slot in the door frame is empty. This slot is surrounded by the coils of a solenoid.

In Fig. 10.2 the door is unlocked. The spring is not stretched.

door door frame

spring solenoid

unmagnetised
iron bolt

Fig. 10.2

In Fig. 10.3 the door is locked. The spring is now stretched.

Fig. 10.3

The bolt is initially in the position shown in Fig. 10.2.

Describe and explain what happens when

(i) the switch S is closed,

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[4]

(ii) the switch S is reopened.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

11 The radioactive isotope bismuth-210 (210

83 Bi) decays by β-particle emission to an isotope of
polonium (Po).

(a) Complete the nuclide equation that represents this decay.

210 Bi ..... .....
83 ..... Po + ..... β
[3]

(b) A radiation detector is placed on a bench in a laboratory where there are no artificial sources
of radiation. The detector is switched on.

In seven one-minute periods, the detector displays these readings.

24 22 25 25 21 20 24

(i) Explain why, in the absence of any artificial source, there are readings on the detector.
Suggest one origin of this effect.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

(ii) Explain why the readings obtained are not all the same.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(iii) The half-life of bismuth-210 is 5.0 days.

A sample of bismuth-210 is brought close to the detector and in one minute, the reading
displayed is 487. The equipment is left in the same place for exactly 10 days.

Predict the reading in a one-minute period at the end of this time.

reading = ...........................................................[3]

[Total: 9]

Cambridge International Examinations
Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education
* 6 7 5 4 0 7 4 2 4 8 *

PHYSICS 0625/42
Paper 4 Theory (Extended) October/November 2018
1 hour 15 minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
No Additional Materials are required.

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Answer all questions.

At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

This syllabus is approved for use in England, Wales and Northern Ireland as a Cambridge International Level 1/Level 2 Certificate.

This document consists of 18 printed pages and 2 blank pages.

1 A lorry is travelling along a straight, horizontal road.

Fig. 1.1 is the distance-time graph for the lorry.

3000

distance / m

2000

1000

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
time t / s

Fig. 1.1

(a) Using Fig. 1.1, determine:

(i) the speed of the lorry at time t = 30 s

speed = ...........................................................[2]

(ii) the average speed of the lorry between time t = 60 s and time t = 120 s.

average speed = ...........................................................[2]

(b) At time t = 30 s, the total resistive force acting on the lorry is 1.4 × 104 N.

(i) Using Fig. 1.1, determine the magnitude of the acceleration of the lorry at time t = 30 s.

acceleration = ...........................................................[1]

(ii) Determine the forward force on the lorry due to its engine at time t = 30 s.

forward force = ...........................................................[1]

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

[Total: 8]

2 (a) Fig 2.1 shows liquid in a cylinder.

cylinder

liquid

Fig. 2.1

Table 2.1 gives some data about the cylinder and the liquid.

Table 2.1

radius of cylinder 3.5 cm

weight of empty cylinder 2.5 N
depth of liquid 12.0 cm
density of liquid 900 kg / m3

The cylinder containing liquid is placed on a digital balance that displays the mass in kg.

Calculate the reading shown on the balance.

reading ...................................................... kg [4]

(b) Fig. 2.2 shows a device that measures the pressure of a gas.

gas supply

glass tube

liquid 50 mm

Fig. 2.2

(i) State the name of the device. .......................................................................................[1]

(ii) The pressure of the gas is 400 Pa greater than atmospheric pressure.

Calculate the density of the liquid.

density = ...........................................................[2]

(iii) With the gas supply connected, the top of the tube on the left of the device is sealed
securely with a rubber stopper. The gas pressure is then increased.

State and explain what happens to the liquid in the device.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

[Total: 9]

3 (a) The velocity of an object of mass m increases from u to v.

State, in terms of m, u and v, the change of momentum of the object.

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

(b) In a game of tennis, a player hits a stationary ball with his racquet.

(i) The racquet is in contact with the ball for 6.0 ms. The average force on the ball during
this time is 400 N.

Calculate the impulse on the tennis ball.

impulse = ...........................................................[2]

(ii) The mass of the ball is 0.056 kg.

Calculate the speed with which the ball leaves the racquet.

speed = ...........................................................[2]

(iii) State the energy transfer that takes place:

1. as the ball changes shape during the contact between the racquet and the ball

...........................................................................................................................................

2. as the ball leaves the racquet.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

[Total: 7]

BLANK PAGE

4 Fig. 4.1 shows apparatus used by a student to measure the specific heat capacity of iron.

thermometer

electric heater

iron block

Fig. 4.1

(a) The student improves the accuracy of the experiment by placing material around the block,
as shown in Fig. 4.2.

material

Fig. 4.2

(i) Suggest the name of a possible material the student could use and explain how it
improves the accuracy of the experiment.

suggestion .........................................................................................................................

explanation ........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[3]

(ii) State how the student could further improve the accuracy of the experiment by using
more of the material used in Fig. 4.2.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(b) The current in the heater is 3.8 A and the potential difference (p.d.) across it is 12 V. The iron
block has a mass of 2.0 kg. When the heater is switched on for 10 minutes, the temperature
of the block rises from 25 °C to 55 °C.

Calculate the specific heat capacity of iron.

specific heat capacity = ...........................................................[4]

[Total: 8]

5 (a) Fig. 5.1 shows a visible spectrum focused on a screen by passing light from a source of white
light through a lens and a prism.

glass
screen
prism
glass
lens

A
visible spectrum
B

filament lamp
(white light source)

Fig. 5.1

(i) State the name of the process that separates the colours in white light.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) State the colour of the light on the screen at:

point A ........................................

point B ........................................
[1]

(iii) State the property of the glass of the prism that causes white light to be split into the
different colours of the spectrum.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(b) Fig. 5.2 shows a section of an optical fibre in air. A ray of light is incident on the fibre wall at X.

X
optical fibre

ray of
light

Fig. 5.2

(i) On Fig. 5.2, continue the path of the ray of light up to the end of the fibre. [1]

(ii) The refractive index of the material of the fibre is 1.46. Calculate the critical angle of the
material of the fibre.

critical angle = ...........................................................[2]

(iii) State two uses of optical fibres.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................................
[2]

[Total: 8]

6 Fig. 6.1 represents a sound wave of wavelength 0.45 m travelling from left to right.

Fig. 6.1 (not to scale)

(a) On Fig. 6.1:

(i) at the centre of a compression, mark a cross and label it C [1]

(ii) at the centre of a rarefaction, mark a cross and label it R [1]

(iii) draw a double-headed arrow to represent a distance of 0.90 m. [1]

(b) The frequency of the wave is 750 Hz.

Calculate the speed of the wave.

speed = ...........................................................[2]

medium ..............................................................................................................................

reason ................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[1]

(d) Another type of wave that consists of compressions and rarefactions is ultrasound.

(i) State one other similarity between sound of frequency 750 Hz and ultrasound.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) State one way in which sound of frequency 750 Hz is different from ultrasound.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

[Total: 8]

BLANK PAGE

7 Fig. 7.1 shows three identical lamps and an ammeter connected to a power supply.

power
supply

Fig. 7.1

The switches are closed. Each lamp is rated at 60 W and operates at its normal working voltage of
110 V.

(a) Calculate:

(i) the current in each lamp

current = ............................................................[2]

(ii) the current in the ammeter

current = ...........................................................[1]

(iii) the voltage of the power supply.

voltage = ...........................................................[1]

(b) (i) Calculate the resistance of the filament of one of the lamps when working normally.

resistance = ...........................................................[2]

(ii) Another lamp X has a filament with twice the resistance of each lamp in the circuit of
Fig. 7.1. The material and the temperature of the filament in lamp X is the same as the
filaments in the lamps in Fig. 7.1.

In Table 7.1, tick any box in the right-hand column that shows a possible difference
between the filament of lamp X and a filament of one of the lamps in the circuit.

Table 7.1

X has half the length

X has twice the length
X has one quarter the area of cross-section
X has half the area of cross-section
X has two times the area of cross-section
X has four times the area of cross-section
[2]

[Total: 8]

8 (a) (i) Fig. 8.1 shows a positively charged cube of insulating material. The cube is fixed to a
piece of wood that is floating on water. A negatively charged rod is held above the piece
of wood and brought close to the cube, as shown.

positively charged cube

of insulating material
negatively charged rod

+ – –
+ –
+

piece of wood
floating on water

Fig. 8.1

State and explain any movement of the piece of wood.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

(ii) Fig. 8.2 shows two cubes of insulating material. One is positively charged and the other
is negatively charged. The cubes are fixed to a piece of wood that is floating on water.
Charged rods are held above the piece of wood and brought close to the cubes, as
shown.

negatively charged cube negatively charged rod

of insulating material
– –
–
+ positively charged cube
– +
– + of insulating material
–
+ +
piece of wood
floating on water

positively charged rod

Fig. 8.2

State and explain any movement of the piece of wood.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

(b) In terms of a simple electron model, describe the differences between conductors and
insulators.

conductors ................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

insulators ..................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[2]

Fig. 8.3
[1]

[Total: 7]

9 Fig. 9.1 shows a permanent bar magnet next to a circuit that contains a coil and a galvanometer.

N S

Fig. 9.1

(a) Suggest a metal from which the magnet is made.

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

(b) The magnet is moved to the left and inserted a small distance into the coil. The galvanometer
deflects briefly and shows that there is a current in the coil.

(i) Explain why there is a current in the coil.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

(ii) As the magnet is moving near to the coil, end Q of the coil behaves as a magnetic pole.

State the polarity of end Q and explain why it has this polarity.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

1. ...............................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

2. ...............................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[2]

[Total: 7]

10 (a) A detector of ionising radiation measures the background count rate in a classroom where
there are no radioactive samples present.

The readings, in counts/minute, taken over a period of time are shown in Table 10.1.

Table 10.1

counts / minute 16 12 14 16 15 17

(i) State two possible sources of this background radiation.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

(ii) Explain why the readings are not the same.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(b) With no radioactive sample present, a scientist records a background radiation count of
40 counts / minute.
He brings a radioactive sample close to the detector. The count rate increases to
200 counts / minute.
After 24 days the count rate is 50 counts / minute.

Calculate the half-life of the radioactive sample.

half-life = ...........................................................[4]

(c) Draw a line between each type of ionising radiation and its property and another line between
the property and its use. One has been done for you.

Name of Property Use

ionising
radiation

It is the most
ionising radiation
Remotely detecting
and is most easily
X-ray leaks in underground
absorbed by very
water pipes
small amounts of
substance

Penetration is
affected by small
Detecting fractures in
α-particle changes in the
bones
amount of solid it is
passing through

It is highly
Detecting smoke in a
β-particle penetrating and is
fire alarm system
poorly ionising

Can pass easily

Detecting a change in
through soft living
the thickness of
γ-ray tissue. Calcium
aluminium foil during
absorbs more than
its manufacture
soft tissue
[3]

[Total: 10]

Cambridge Assessment International Education
Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education
* 6 5 2 4 3 9 4 7 5 2 *

PHYSICS 0625/42
Paper 4 Theory (Extended) October/November 2019
1 hour 15 minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
No Additional Materials are required.

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Answer all questions.

At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

This syllabus is regulated for use in England, Wales and Northern Ireland as a Cambridge International Level 1/Level 2 Certificate.

This document consists of 14 printed pages and 2 blank pages.

1 Fig. 1.1 is the top view of a rectangular paddling pool of constant depth. The pool is filled with
sea water.

44.0 m

20.0 m

Fig. 1.1 (not to scale)

(a) The volume of the sea water in the pool is 264 m3.

Calculate the depth of the pool.

depth = ........................................................ [3]

(b) The mass of the sea water in the pool is 2.70 × 105 kg.
Calculate the density of the sea water. Give your answer to 3 significant figures.

density = ........................................................ [2]

pressure = ........................................................ [2]

(d) State a suitable instrument for measuring the dimensions given in Fig. 1.1.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 8]

2 (a) State the two conditions which must be true for an object to be in equilibrium.

condition 1 ................................................................................................................................

condition 2 ................................................................................................................................
[2]

(b) Fig. 2.1 shows a uniform metre rule PQ in equilibrium.

10 cm 40 cm
P Q

pivot

0.50 N

Fig. 2.1

The distance PQ is 100 cm. The mass of the metre rule is 0.12 kg and its weight is W.

(i) On Fig 2.1, draw and label:

1. an arrow to show the force W acting on PQ at the centre of mass

2. an arrow to show the force R acting on PQ at the pivot.

[2]

(ii) By taking moments about the pivot, calculate F.

F = ........................................................ [4]

(iii) Calculate R.

R = ........................................................ [2]

[Total: 10]

3 Fig. 3.1 shows a gas contained in a cylinder enclosed by a piston.

pressure gauge
piston

cylinder

gas

Fig. 3.1

(a) Describe, in terms of momentum of the molecules, how a pressure is exerted on the walls of
the cylinder.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [3]

(b) The piston is pushed into the cylinder. The volume decreases from 820 cm3 to 330 cm3 . The
pressure gauge measures the pressure after compression as 20 000 Pa. The temperature
remains constant.

Calculate the value of the pressure before the gas was compressed.

pressure = ........................................................ [3]

[Total: 6]

4 (a) A student carries out an experiment to determine the thermal capacity of a metal block. The
block is heated by an electric heater for 23 minutes. The current in the heater is 3.0 A at a
potential difference (p.d.) of 12 V.
The temperature of the block rises from 20 °C to 70 °C.

Calculate the thermal capacity of the block.

thermal capacity = ........................................................ [4]

(b) 1. Two metal spheres of different diameters are heated to 900 °C in a hot oven. The two
spheres are removed from the oven.

State and explain any difference in the initial rates of emission of radiation of thermal energy
between the two spheres.

...................................................................................................................................................

2. One hot sphere is now heated in a hotter oven.

State and explain any effect on the rate of emission of radiation of thermal energy from that
sphere when it is removed from the hotter oven.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[3]

[Total: 7]

5 (a) One difference between a longitudinal wave and a transverse wave is that a longitudinal
wave consists of compressions and rarefactions.

(i) Explain the terms compression and rarefaction using ideas about particles.

compression ......................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

rarefaction .........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

(ii) Describe one other way in which longitudinal wave motion differs from transverse wave
motion.

Longitudinal wave motion ..................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

Transverse wave motion ...................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

(b) (i) A sound wave of frequency 0.120 kHz travels through a rock at a speed of 3500 m / s.

Calculate the wavelength of the wave.

wavelength = ........................................................ [3]

(ii) The wave travels from the rock into the air.

State and explain whether the wave will be audible to a healthy human ear.

statement ..........................................................................................................................

explanation ........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

6 (a) Fig. 6.1 shows an empty container and an observer’s eye. There is a small coin at position O.
The observer is unable to see the coin.

eye

Fig. 6.1

The observer and the coin stay in the same position and the container is filled with water. The
observer can now see the coin.

(i) Explain why the coin can be seen by the observer.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) State the name of the wave process which occurs as the light passes from the water into
the air.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Explain why the image of the coin is a virtual image.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) State the speed of light in air.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(c) The refractive index of water is 1.3.

Calculate the speed of light in water.

speed of light in water = ........................................................ [3]

[Total: 8]

7 (a) Fig. 7.1 shows a coil of wire wound on a thin plastic cylinder. The plastic has no effect on any
magnetic field. The galvanometer is extremely sensitive.

magnet

coil of wire
S N B
A

small trolley

plastic cylinder

Fig. 7.1

A magnet is fixed to a small trolley that runs without friction on a track through the cylinder
and coil.

(i) The trolley is released from point A so it runs through the coil from right to left.

State and explain what is observed on the galvanometer.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) The trolley is now released from point B so it runs through the coil from right to left again.

State what is observed on the galvanometer and explain why it is different to your answer
in (a)(i).

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) Fig. 7.2 shows an extension lead used to supply power to a 3 kW electric heater on a cool
evening.

damp grass
3 kW electric
heater

cut in outer
insulation

plug and socket

lying on grass
paved area
extension lead designed
for use with a 25 W lamp

Fig. 7.2

State and explain three dangers with this arrangement.

danger 1 ...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

danger 2 ...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

danger 3 ...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[4]

[Total: 8]

8 (a) A wire of length 2.0 m and cross-sectional area 0.40 mm2 has a resistance of 0.14 Ω.

Calculate the resistance of another wire of the same material of length 3.0 m and
cross-sectional area 0.90 mm2.

resistance = ..................................................... Ω [4]

(b) A student is designing a digital electronic circuit. Fig. 8.1 shows her partly completed design.

A C

B D

Fig. 8.1

(i) Table 8.1 is a truth table.

Complete the columns in this truth table to show the values for input B in the circuit.

Table 8.1

Input A Input B Point C Point D Output O

1 0 0 1
0 0 0 1
1 0 1 0
0 1 0 0
[2]

(ii) The column O in the truth table shows the desired output values for the circuit.

On Fig. 8.1, complete the circuit to achieve these output values. Label any gate used. [2]

[Total: 8]

9 (a) Describe what is meant by the term electric field.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) Fig. 9.1 shows two parallel conducting plates connected to a battery.

conducting plate

Fig. 9.1

On Fig. 9.1, draw five lines to show the electric field pattern between the two plates. [2]

(i) Calculate the charge that can be delivered by the fully charged battery.

charge = ........................................................ [3]

(ii) Calculate the energy stored in the battery when fully charged.

energy stored = ........................................................ [2]

(iii) State the type of energy stored when the battery is charged.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 9]

10 (a) The nucleus of a hydrogen atom is a proton. The mass of a proton is m and the size of the
charge on a proton is e.
Complete Table 10.1. Express your answers in terms of m and e. Three spaces have already
been completed.

Table 10.1

particle or emission mass charge

proton m e

neutron m

γ-ray
nucleus of helium-4
( 42He)
[4]

(b) Many schools and colleges use radioactive isotopes for teaching and research. Describe how
these radioactive isotopes are handled, used and stored in a safe way.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [3]

[Total: 7]

BLANK PAGE

Cambridge IGCSE™
* 0 8 0 7 6 7 8 9 1 0 *

PHYSICS 0625/42
Paper 4 Theory (Extended) October/November 2020

1 hour 15 minutes

You must answer on the question paper.

No additional materials are needed.

INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 80.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].

This document has 16 pages. Blank pages are indicated.

1 A sky-diver jumps out of a hot-air balloon, which is 4000 m above the ground. At time = 30 s, she
opens her parachute.

Fig. 1.1 is the speed-time graph of her fall.

60
speed
m/s
40

0
0 10 20 30 40 50
4.0
time / s

Fig. 1.1

(a) (i) Label with the letter X the point on the graph where the sky-diver opens her parachute.
[1]

(ii) Label with the letters Y and Z the two parts of the graph where the sky-diver falls at
terminal velocity. [1]

(b) Describe, in terms of the forces acting on the sky-diver, her motion between leaving the
balloon and opening her parachute.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [4]

average speed = ......................................................... [2]

2 (a) Define the moment of a force about a point.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) Fig. 2.1 shows a uniform rod of wood suspended from a pivot.

0.25 m

pivot

34°

centre of mass

0.75 m
rod of wood

W
F

Fig. 2.1 (not to scale)

The rod is held stationary by a horizontal force F acting as shown.

The mass of the rod is 0.080 kg.

Calculate:

(i) the weight W of the rod

weight = .......................................................... [1]

(ii) the moment of W about the pivot

moment = .......................................................... [2]

(iii) the moment of F about the pivot

moment = .......................................................... [1]

(iv) the force F.

force = .......................................................... [2]

State whether the force F needed to hold the rod stationary must be increased, decreased or
stay the same.
Explain your answer.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 9]

3 The kinetic energy of air passing through a wind turbine every minute is 720 000 J. The electrical
output of the turbine is 9.0 A at a potential difference (p.d.) of 240 V.

Calculate the efficiency (%) of the wind turbine.

efficiency = ...................................................... % [5]

4 Fig. 4.1 shows a thermometer.

wire of V wire of
material A material A

ice
cubes
wire of
material B

water at 0 °C water at 100 °C

Fig. 4.1

The voltmeter reading is 5.4 mV.

(a) State the name of this type of thermometer.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) Fig. 4.2 shows the same thermometer used to measure the temperature of liquid X.

liquid X

water at 20 °C

Fig. 4.2

With the setup in Fig. 4.2, the voltmeter reading is 1.7 mV.

Calculate the temperature of liquid X measured by the thermometer.

temperature = ......................................................... [2]

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 4]

5 (a) (i) Define specific latent heat.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) Explain the melting of a solid in terms of molecules and energy.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) An electrical heater is used to heat a liquid to its boiling point. Fig. 5.1 shows the apparatus.

connecting
liquid
wires

heater element container

balance 3800 g

Fig. 5.1

When the liquid is boiling, the heater supplies 1.26 MJ of thermal energy. The mass reading
shown on the balance decreases from 3800 g to 2300 g.

Calculate the specific latent heat of vaporisation of the liquid.

specific latent heat = ......................................................... [3]

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

6 Fig. 6.1 shows a transverse wave produced in a string.

string

Fig. 6.1 (full size)

(a) On Fig. 6.1:

(i) draw labelled lines to show

1. the amplitude of the wave

2. the wavelength of the wave

[2]

(ii) label a trough with the letter T. [1]

(b) A person vibrates one end of the string vertically to produce the wave. He makes 15 complete
oscillations in 60 s.

Show that the speed of the wave is 2.0 cm / s.

[3]

(c) State the difference between transverse waves and longitudinal waves. Use your ideas about
the direction of oscillations.

transverse waves ......................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

longitudinal waves ....................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[2]

[Total: 8]

7 Fig. 7.1 shows a ray of light passing through an optical fibre.

i Q

Fig. 7.1

The optical fibre is made of glass that has a refractive index of 1.4.

(a) (i) No light refracts from the fibre at points P and Q.

State the name of the process that occurs at P and Q.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Calculate the minimum value of angle i for there to be no refraction at point P.

angle = .......................................................... [2]

(b) State and explain the use of optical fibres in medicine.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [3]

State what is meant by monochromatic light. Use one of the following quantities in your answer.

amplitude brightness frequency refractive index speed

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 8]

8 (a) State and explain why electrical sockets and plugs used outside in a garden need to be
different from those that can be used safely in a room inside a house.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(b) State and explain why fuses and circuit breakers are installed in electrical circuits connected
to the mains supply.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 4]

9 (a) Fig. 9.1 shows a bar magnet and four plotting compasses A, B, C and D.

C A

bar magnet

Fig. 9.1

On Fig. 9.1:

(i) draw an arrow on each of the three plotting compasses B, C and D to show the direction
of the magnetic field [2]

(ii) label the magnetic poles of the bar magnet N and S. [1]

(b) Describe one method for demagnetising a bar magnet.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(i) Draw the pattern of the magnetic field produced around the wire. Show clearly the
direction of the magnetic field.

Fig. 9.2
[2]

(ii) The direction of the current in the wire is reversed. The magnitude of the current is
unchanged.

State the effect that reversing the current has on the magnetic field produced.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 8]

10 Fig. 10.1 shows an incomplete electrical circuit.

2.0 Ω C D

A B 6.0 Ω

E F
4.0 Ω

Fig. 10.1

(a) (i) A student completes the circuit and measures the current in the 6.0 Ω resistor.

On Fig. 10.1, draw an ammeter symbol in one gap and straight lines to indicate wires in
the other gaps to show how the student should do this. [1]

(ii) A voltmeter is connected to measure the potential difference (p.d.) across the 4.0 Ω
resistor.

On Fig. 10.1, draw a voltmeter symbol connected in the correct position. [2]

(iii) With the circuit completed, the current in the 2.0 Ω resistor is 2.5 A.

Calculate the current in the 6.0 Ω resistor.

current = ......................................................... [4]

(b) Fig. 10.2 shows the same electrical circuit with an alternating current (a.c.) power supply and
a wire in the gap AB.

2.0 Ω C D

A B 6.0 Ω

E F
4.0 Ω

Fig. 10.2

On Fig. 10.2, draw a diode symbol in one gap and a straight line to indicate a wire in the other
gap so that there is a current from right to left in the 4.0 Ω resistor and an alternating current
in the 2.0 Ω resistor. [2]

[Total: 9]

11 (a) State two differences between nuclear fission and nuclear fusion.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[2]

(b) Radioactive tracers emitting γ-rays can be used in medicine. The half-life of the source of
these γ-rays is 6 hours.

(i) Explain why a source of γ-rays used in this way should not have a half-life shorter or
longer than about 6 hours.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) Technetium-99 is a source of γ-rays often used as a radioactive tracer. It is produced

from molybdenum-99 which emits β-particles. The symbol for technetium is Tc and the
symbol for molybdenum is Mo.

Complete the nuclide equation for this decay.

99
..... .....
42 Mo ..... Tc + ..... β
[3]

(iii) Technetium-99 is a radioactive nuclide.

State another use of radioactive nuclides in medicine.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 8]

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