Climate Factsheets | July 2022

NCCAP M&E Report 2011-2016

Key findings from the monitoring and evaluation of the NCCAP for FY 2011-2016

In 2019, the CCC released the first iteration of the NCCAP Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) report
which covers the period of 2011-2016. The report focused on the status of mainstreaming of climate
change in the national agencies envisioned as key players to achieve the goals of the NCCAP.

The National Climate Change Action Plan

In 2009, through Republic Act (RA) 9729 as amended by RA 10174, the Climate Change
Commission (CCC) was institutionalized to lead policy-making on matters related to climate change .
Primarily, the CCC facilitates climate change mainstreaming into programs and plans across sectors
and levels subject to monitoring and evaluation.

As basis for a Government-led program for planning and financing climate action within the
parameters of sustainable development, the National Framework Strategy on Climate Change
(NFSCC) was jointly developed by agencies and civil society groups. This Framework sets the
agenda for the Country’s adaptation to a dynamic climate context while capitalizing on mitigation
opportunities as means to enhance development and boost adaptation capacities.
 Climate Factsheets | July 2022

Food Security
Major Accomplishment
Critically selected commodity value and supply chain analysis,
Policies and sectoral including policy for climate change adaptation financing
roadmaps program, financing resolutions, and establishment of the
People’s

Agriculture and fishery resources management were

Knowledge management established and maintained which can be used for natural
systems resources valuation, and climate impact modeling that provides
science-based options for adaptation action/ decision-making

a. Establishment of early warning systems to protect lives

and livelihoods, productive assets, and use of climate
information for decision-support in the production,
harvest, and distribution of agriculture goods and
services.
b. Weather-based insurance and credit to support the
financial and security requirements of farmers.
c. Adaptation and Mitigation Initiatives in Agriculture (AMIA).
This three-phased package of the DA envisioned to
transform the institution and create climate-resilient
Best practices and farming and fishing communities.
d. Philippine Climate Change Adaptation Projects
programs (PhilCCAP). A joint initiative between the Philippines and
the World Bank aims to develop and demonstrate
approaches that would enable vulnerable communities to
adapt to the effects of climate change.
e. Philippine Rural Development Program (PRDP) –
enhanced all-weather access to market outlets for small
farmers and fisher producers from underdeveloped areas.
f. Enhanced Climate Farmer’s Field School. A program that
aimed to enhance the farmer’s knowledge of climate
change and their ability to adapt to extreme climate
disturbances.

Gaps and Challenges

1. Absence of an overarching authority capability to mobilize leadership and resources, develop
legal and regulatory frameworks for adaptation, and plan.

2. There is no existing integrated KM system to consolidate studies, assessments, technical and

project monitoring results, maps, knowledge products, and best practices, to inform
coordination.

3. Accessibility, especially the poorest; increasing magnitude of poor; decreasing food utilization
and safety.

4. Capital cost and human resources for adaptation programs and projects.

5. Limited LGU resources and capacity to operationalize agri-fisheries development objectives

 Climate Factsheets | July 2022

Water Sufficiency
Major Accomplishment
Multiplicity of institutions in the water sector, operating with
shared mandates across various levels (from national to
subnational) and scales (river basin to point-source utility)
resulted in what appeared to be robust policies, programs, and
Institutional leadership actions. Policies include:
a. Promoting and/or supporting the further mainstreaming
of climate change adaptation,
b. Identifying 18 Major River Basins (MRBs) as a priority
for climate adaptation interventions

a. Water climate-proofing of water infrastructure

b. Disaster risk reduction/early warning systems
c. Water supply and demand management
d. Enforcement of climate-resilient designs
e. cash-for-work for climate change adaptation and
mitigation
f. Other Programs include:
Emerging best practices  Sagana at Ligtas ng Tubig Para sa Lahat
and programs (SALINTUBIG). Program to provide water
supply systems to waterless municipalities and
enhance local capacities of LGUs/Water
Supply service to plan, implement, operate,
and manage water supply facilities.
 Establishments of Water Quality Management
Areas (WQMA) for Principal River Systems

Coverage de facto increased from 84.8% in 2010 to 86.6% in

Water supply coverage 2016

Gaps and Challenges

1. Absence of an overarching authority capable to mobilize leadership and resources, develop
legal and regulatory frameworks for adaptation, and plan.

2. No existing integrated knowledge management system to consolidate studies, assessments,

technical and project monitoring results, maps, knowledge products, best practices, etc. to
inform coordination.

3. Targets are inadequate. Unfinished business on the preparedness front, principally the
incomplete restructuring of the water governance sector, the limited progress in integrated
river basin management and development (IRBMD) master plans preparation, and
weaknesses in implementation.

4. Water availability decreased. The low water availability per capita (APC) and water withdrawal
to availability (WWA) are indications that the country is water-stressed.
 Climate Factsheets | July 2022

Ecological and Environmental Stability

Major Accomplishment
Integrated management of watersheds, forests, and protected areas
and corresponding initiatives to mainstream climate change adaptation
Policies and disaster risk reduction (CCA-DRR) in efforts to address
anthropogenic drivers of ecosystems degradation have been enacted
before the NCCAP

a. Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) -

Community Based Forest Management
b. Climate Change Commission (CCC) - the Ecotown Framework
Demonstration which contributed to CCA-DRR mainstreaming at
the national and local levels
c. SALINTUBIG
d. Establishments of Water Quality Management Areas (WQMA)
e. Protected Area Management Enhancement (PAME) - improve
Projects and management of Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs) in the country
programs through capacity development, management planning, and
financing of terrestrial and marine protected areas (PAs), under
an innovative management scheme, and improved knowledge
management system, and increase awareness on biodiversity
conservation.
f. REDD+ - Updated the National REDD+ Strategy, developed
Safeguards Frameworks and Guidelines (SFG), Safeguards
information system, and a national forest monitoring system.
g. Enhanced CLUP guidelines

Assistance to integrate climate change considerations into existing

Capacity management regimes to graduate them into an Ecosystem-based
development approach (EbA). These were thematically relevant to efforts to
manage/arrest ecosystem degradation.

Gaps and Challenges

1. Most are only effective in reducing the anthropogenic pressures on declining ecosystems but
inconclusive as to their effectiveness in terms of enhancing the ecosystems’ climate resilience

2. Only two financing mechanisms for Environment and Natural Resources (ENR) and EbA
programs were made available in the reporting period (i.e., IPAF and PSF) which makes the
assessment of available financing as an attribute of preparedness impracticable.

3. DENR and CCC have not created a central management information system as provided in the
Climate Change Act

4. Despite the capacity development support, there is still more to be improved in the
organizational capacities of RBCOs, especially on manpower (number and technical
competencies)
 Climate Factsheets | July 2022

Human Security
Major Accomplishment

a. Initiatives to converge and legitimize the CCA and DRR agenda;

b. Policies to mainstream CCA-DRR into health, education, housing,
social protection institutional structures, plans, and programs.
Policies c. Guidelines to mainstream climate change developed in
subnational planning at the regional down to city/municipal levels
(Comprehensive Land Use Plan and Comprehensive
Development Plan)

a. NOAH Program
 144 flood hazard maps
 Mapped 66/67 provinces vulnerable to storm surges
 Installed 600 automated rain gauges
 Established 3 Flood Forecasting and Warning Centers.
b. Cash for Work (CFW) Program - As of December 2016, 221,640
beneficiaries accessed CFW support amounting to P532.2 million.
Flagship actions c. Mainstreaming efforts through the development of guidelines and
frameworks at various sectors and levels, provision of finance and
capacity building are among the measures highlighted in the
reporting period.
d. Health surveillance platforms (PIDSR, ESR, and SPEED), were
among the note-worthy preparatory measures implemented that
build on existing DRR tools.

a. DRRM fund
Funding b. People’s Survival Fund (PSF) in 2012
c. DOF Disaster Risk and Financing Insurance (DRFI)

Gaps and Challenges

1. LGUs are challenged with limited staff and capacities to institutionalize and implement
comprehensive risk management (COA, 2014)

2. Areas of improvement in terms of management and coordination among agencies and efficient
use of resources

3. Limited information was available to assess the progress of interventions in these priority areas
in the 18 Major River Basins

4. The trend for the number of lives lost due to cholera, malaria, and typhoid is decreasing but
unfavorable for dengue

5. In terms of the number of people affected (injured, missing, died) due to typhoons, the trend is
generally decreasing at the individual and family levels.

6. Systems and products to reach even wider coverage, and to be localized and upscaled

7. Linking relief with development under a building back better framework toward a more adaptive
community remains a big challenge.
 Climate Factsheets | July 2022

Climate-Smart Industries and Services

Major Accomplishment
a. Enhanced the environmental performance of existing
sectors/ industries,
b. Enhanced green sectors/industries,
Policies c. Mainstreamed, operationalized, or piloted Just Transition
and green economy principles. These operationalize the
policy direction on mainstreaming CC-DRR.

a. Awareness-raising and technical facilitation public and

private agencies crucial to the transition and aimed to
build confidence and trust among these agencies in the
formulation and execution of policies, thereby
contributing to adaptation and adaptive-mitigation
Capacity development preparedness.
b. Vocational courses and training - consisted of programs
developed by the Technical Education and Skills
Development Authority (TESDA) to ensure that the
demand for a skilled green workforce was met, which
resulted

a. Piloting/ demonstration of green cities and municipalities

(Ecotown Framework)
Green cities and b. Capacity building
municipalities c. Policy development on mainstreaming climate change
and environmental sustainability in land use plans,
transport systems, buildings, and local industries.

(i) Support for green businesses and green production of

goods and services
Funding (ii) Climate-proofing of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises
(MSMEs), and
(iii) Risk financing mechanisms.
Gaps and Challenges
1. Strengthened collaboration is yet to be seen as most of the inter-agency engagements are
observed to be limited to project-based or project-driven contexts

2. The Green Jobs Act1, while a Republic Act, merely promotes and incentivizes, rather than
coercively mandates, the creation of green jobs to transition the country into a greener
economy.

3. Some aspects of greening cities and municipalities need to be strengthened, e.g., solid waste
management, and public transport systems.

4. What needs to be done is to ensure better access to these schemes by MSMEs through further
capacity building, improved targeting, and analyses of barriers.

5. It can be considered that the just transition into green and decent jobs is underway. A
monitoring system for green jobs is thus needed to measure progress and inform decision-
making.

1
Republic Act 10771
 Climate Factsheets | July 2022

Sustainable Energy
Major Accomplishment
a. Establishment of the enabling policy context for energy
efficiency and conservation
b. Research and development (R&D) program on renewable
Policies energy,
c. Integration of environmentally sound and sustainable
transportation strategies

a. Biofuels Program - 26 Biofuel Production Facilities/

Projects
b. National Renewable Energy Program NREP - Increased
RE-based Capacity from 5,438 MW in 2010 to 6,958MW
in 2016
c. Alternative Fuels - 8,415 taxis converted to Auto-LPG. It
reported reduced emissions of about 4,400 MtCO2
Programs and projects d. Household Electrification Program - Completed the
energization of 12,312 HH in various areas nationwide by
2015.
e. E-Trike - 3,000 E-trike units issued in 2015-2016
f. National Energy Efficiency and Conservation Program
(NEECP) - 12 million kWh saved by 179 agencies, and
17 commercial/industrial establishments.

The increase in RE-based capacity in the country in the

Mitigation reporting period resulted in an estimated 2,778,275 tCO 2e
emission reductions.

Gaps and Challenges

1. There is still no national law promoting energy efficiency and conservation (EE&C). In 2016, a
draft EE&C Bill was filed.

2. The regulatory structure is also riddled with red-tape, slowing the process of renewable energy
development. The complexity of the processes increased transaction costs and made it difficult
for new firms to grasp the process.

3. Factor to weak sector governance is the incapacity of energy agencies to efficiently and timely
conduct their review processes and the lack of qualified professionals in these agencies due to
unattractive salaries

4. National targets were not yet fully achieved. The energy sector just started to officially
mainstream preparedness measures, which were to pave the way for adaptation actions on the
ground.

5. The Renewable Energy Trust Fund (RETF) collected from emissions fees prescribed under the
RA 8749 or the clean air act is not fully operationalized and implemented.
 Climate Factsheets | July 2022

Knowledge and Capacity Development

Major Accomplishment

Identified adaptation actions to be piloted on the ground started

quite rightly from existing local and Indigenous practices.
Pilot actions Adaptation actions under food, water, and ecosystems directly
engaged communities

National Climate Change Awareness Survey by CCC and GIZ

under the Support to the Philippines in Shaping and
Implementing the International Climate Change Regine
(SupportCCC II) project.

The survey aims to establish a baseline for the awareness of

the public on climate change and its related issues. Salient
results of the survey are as follow:
Survey results a. Widespread awareness of climate change and its
anthropogenic causes, and that recent climate-
related events and patterns are the new normal
b. Some respondents conflated climate with weather
conditions and climate change with thinning
ozone layer.
c. Low public awareness of the CCC and
government programs, projects, and activities
related to addressing climate change.

Gaps and Challenges

1. During the reporting period, no integrated national anchor program was established for either
knowledge management or capacity development.

2. There are major decision support systems (DSS) that were established, but they are as yet
sectoral, not yet integrated nor interoperable, and have yet to be centrally managed as
envisioned by the Philippine Climate Change Knowledge Management System (PCCKMS).

3. The Climate Change adaptation network is not yet well established, except intra-sectorally.

4. There is no information if local communities were involved in the identification, vetting, or

prioritization processes before piloting a program.