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1.1.1 Distinguish anatomically between the axial and appendicular skeleton.

1.1.2 Distinguish between the axial and appendicular skeleton in terms of function.

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1.1.3 State the four types of bones

1.1.4 Draw and annotate the structure of a long bone

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1.1.5 Apply anatomical terminology to the location of bones

1.1.6 Outline the functions of connective tissues

1.1.7 De ne the term joint

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1.1.8 Distinguish between the di erent types of joint in relation to movement permitted

1.1.9 Outline the features of a synovial joint

1.1.10 List the di erent types of synovial joints

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1.2.1 Outline the general characteristics common to muscle tissue

1.2.2 Distinguish between the di erent types of muscle

1.2.3 Annotate the structure of skeletal muscle

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1.2.4 De ne the terms origin and insertion of muscles

1.2.5 Identify the location of skeletal muscles in various regions of the body

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2.1.1 List the primary structures of the ventilatory system

2.1.2 Outline the functions of the conducting airways

2.1.3 De ne the terms:

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2.1.4 Explain the mechanics of ventilation in the human lungs

2.1.5 Describe the nervous and chemical control of ventilation during exercise

2.1.6 Outline the role of hemoglobin in oxygen transport

2.1.7 Explain the process of gaseous exchange at the alveoli

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2.2.1 State the composition of blood

2.2.2 Distinguish between the functions of erythrocytes (RBC), leucocytes (WBC) and platelets

2.2.3 Describe the anatomy of the heart with reference to the heart chambers, valves and major
blood vessels

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2.2.4 Describe the intrinsic and extrinsic regulation of heart rate and the sequence of excitation of
the heart muscles

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2.2.5 Outline the relationship between the pulmonary and systematic circulation

2.2.6 Describe the relationship between heart rate, cardiac output and stroke volume at rest and
during exercise

2.2.7 Analyse Cardiac output, Stroke volume, and Heart Rate data for di erent populations.

2.2.8 Explain cardiovascular drift

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2.2.9 De ne the terms:

2.2.10 Analyze systolic and diastolic blood pressure data at rest and during exercise

2.2.11 Discuss how systolic and diastolic blood pressure respond to static and dynamic exercise

2.2.12 Compare the distribution of blood at rest and the redistribution of blood during exercise

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.2.13 Describe the cardiovascular adaptation resulting from endurance exercise training

2.2.14 Explain maximal oxygen consumption

2.2.15 Discuss the variability of maximal oxygen consumption in selected groups

2.2.16 Discuss the variability of maximal oxygen consumption with di erent modes of exercise

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3.1.1: Macronutrients and Micronutrients

3.1.2: Outline the role (function) of macro and micro nutrients

3.1.3: State the chemical composition of a glucose molecule

3.1.4: Identify a diagram representing the basic structure of a glucose molecule

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3.1.5: Explain how glucose molecules can combine to form disaccharides and polysaccharides

3.1.6: State the composition of a molecule of triacylglycerol

3.1.7: Distinguish between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids

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3.1.8: State the chemical composition of a protein molecule

3.1.9: Distinguish between an essential and a non-essential amino acid

3.1.10: Describe current recommendations for a healthy diet

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3.1.11: State the approximate energy content per 100g of carbohydrate, lipid and protein

3.1.12: Discuss how the recommended energy distribution of the dietary macronutrients di ers
between endurance athletes and non-athletes

3.2.1: Outline:

3.2.2: State what glycogen is and its major storage sites

3.2.3: State the major sites of triglyceride storage

3.2.4: Explain the role of insulin in the formation of glycogen and the accumulation of body fat

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3.2.5: Outline glycogenolysis and lipolysis

3.2.6: Outline the functions of glucagon and adrenaline during fasting and exercise

3.2.7: Explain the role of insulin and muscle contraction on glucose uptake during exercise

3.3.1: Annotate the ultrastructure of a generalized animal cell

3.3.2: Annotate the ultrastructure of a mitochondrion

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3.3.3: De ne the term Cell Respiration

3.3.4: Explain how adenosine can gain and lose a phosphate molecule

3.3.5: Explain the role of ATP in muscle contraction

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3.3.6: The ATP-PC System

3.3.7 The Lactic Acid System (anaerobic glycolosis)

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3.3.8: Oxygen De cit and Oxygen Debt

3.3.9: The Aerobic System

3.3.10: Discuss the characteristics of the three energy systems and their relative contributions
during exercise

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3.3.11: Evaluate the relative contributions of the three energy systems during di erent types of
exercise

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4.1.1 Label a diagram of a motor unit

4.1.2 Explain the role of neurotransmitters in stimulating skeletal muscle contraction

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4.1.3 Explain how skeletal muscle contracts by the sliding lament theory

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4.1.4 Explain how slow and fast twitch bre types di er in structure and function

4.2.1 Outline the types of movement of synovial joints

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4.2.2 Outline the types of muscle contraction

4.2.3 Explain the concept of reciprocal inhibition

4.2.4 Analyze movements in relation to joint action and muscle contraction

4.2.5 Explain delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) in relation to eccentric and concentric muscle
contractions

4.3.1 De ne the terms:

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4.3.2 Analyze velocity-time, distance-time, and force-time graphs of sporting actions

4.3.3 De ne the term center of mass

4.3.4 Explain that a change in body position during sporting activities can change the position of the
center of mass

4.3.5 Distinguish between rst, second and third class levers

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4.3.7 De ne Newton's three laws of motion

4.3.8 Explain how Newton's three laws of motion apply to sporting activities

4.3.9 State the relationship between angular momentum, moment of inertia and angular velocity

4.3.10 Explain the concept of angular momentum in relation to sporting activities

4.3.11 Explain the factors that a ect projectile motion at take-o or release

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4.3.12 Outline the Bernoulli principle with respect to projectile motion in sporting activities

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5.1.1 Give a de nition of Skill

5.1.2 Describe the di erent types of skill

5.1.3 Outline the di erent approaches to classifying motor skills

5.1.4 Compare skills pro les for contrasting sports

5.1.5 Outline ability

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5.1.6 Distinguish between Fleishman's physical pro ciency abilities (physical factors) and perceptual
motor abilities (psychomotor factors)

5.1.7 De ne the term technique

5.1.8 State the relationship between ability, skill and technique

5.1.9 Discuss the relationship between a skilled and a novice performer

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5.2.1 Describe a simple model of information processing

5.2.2 Describe Welford's model of information processing

5.2.3 Outline the components associated with sensory output

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5.2.4 Explain the signal-detection process

5.2.5 Distinguish between the characteristics of short-term sensory store, short-term memory and
long-term memory

5.2.6 Discuss the relationship between selective attention and memory and explain how it can be
applied to a games player

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5.2.7 Compare di erent methods of memory improvement

5.2.8 De ne the term response time

5.2.9 Outline factors that determine response time

5.2.10 Evaluate the concept of the psychological refractory period (PRP)

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5.2.11 Describe a motor programme

5.2.12 Compare motor programmes from both open and closed loop perspectives

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5.2.13 Outline the role of feedback in information processing models

5.3.1 Distinguish between learning and performance

5.3.2 Describe the phases (stages) of learning

5.3.3 Outline the di erent types of learning curves

5.3.4 Discuss factors that contribute to the di erent rates of learning

5.3.5 De ne the concept of transfer

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5.3.6 Outline the types of transfer

5.3.7 Outline the di erent types of practice

5.3.8 Explain the di erent types of presentation

5.3.9 Outline the spectrum of teaching styles

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6.1.1 Outline that error bars a re a graphical representation of the variability of data

6.1.2 Calculate the mean and standard deviation of a set of values

6.1.3 Standard deviation

6.1.4 Explain how the standard deviation is useful for comparing the means and the spread of data
between two or more samples

6.1.5 outline the meaning of coe cient variation

6.1.6 Deduce the signi cance of the di erence between two sets of data using calculated values for
t and the appropriate tables

6.1.7 Explain that the existence of a correlation does not establish that there is a causal relationship
between two variables

6.2.1 Outline the importance of speci city, accuracy, reliability, and validity with regard to tness
testing

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6.2.2 Discuss the importance of study design in the context of sport and exercise sciences.

6.2.3 Outline the importance of the PAR-Q

6.2.4 Evaluate eld, laboratory, sub-maximal, and maximal tests of human performance

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6.3.1 Distinguish between the concepts of health-related tness and performance-related (skill-
related) tness

6.3.2 Outline the major components of tness

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6.3.3 Outline and evaluate a variety of tness tests

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6.4.1 Describe the essential elements of a general training program

6.4.2 Discuss the key principles of training program design

6.4.3 Outline ways in which exercise intensity can be monitored

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