Irish Standard

I.S. EN 1473:2016

Installation and equipment for liquefied

natural gas - Design of onshore installations
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 I.S. EN 1473:2016

Incorporating amendments/corrigenda/National Annexes issued since publication:

The National Standards Authority of Ireland (NSAI) produces the following categories of formal documents:
I.S. xxx: Irish Standard — national specification based on the consensus of an expert panel and subject to public consultation.

S.R. xxx: Standard Recommendation — recommendation based on the consensus of an expert panel and subject to public consultation.
SWiFT xxx: A rapidly developed recommendatory document based on the consensus of the participants of an NSAI workshop.
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This document is based on: Published:

EN 1473:2016 2016-05-18

This document was published ICS number:

under the authority of the NSAI
and comes into effect on: 75.200

2016-06-05
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 National Foreword
I.S. EN 1473:2016 is the adopted Irish version of the European Document EN 1473:2016, Installation and
equipment for liquefied natural gas - Design of onshore installations

This document does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible
for its correct application.
Compliance with this document does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations.

In line with international standards practice the decimal point is shown as a comma (,) throughout this
document.
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 I.S. EN 1473:2016

EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 1473

NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM May 2016

ICS 75.200 Supersedes EN 1473:2007

English Version

Installation and equipment for liquefied natural gas -

Design of onshore installations
Installations et équipements de gaz naturel liquéfié - Anlagen und Ausrüstung für Flüssigerdgas - Auslegung
Conception des installations terrestres von landseitigen Anlagen
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This European Standard was approved by CEN on 4 March 2016.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION

COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels

© 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 1473:2016 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
 I.S. EN 1473:2016
EN 1473:2016 (E)

Contents Page

European foreword....................................................................................................................................................... 7
Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................... 8
1 Scope .................................................................................................................................................................... 9
2 Normative references .................................................................................................................................... 9
3 Terms and definitions ................................................................................................................................ 13
4 Safety and environment............................................................................................................................. 18
4.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 18
4.2 Environmental impact ................................................................................................................................ 19
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4.3 Safety general ................................................................................................................................................ 20

4.4 Hazard assessment ...................................................................................................................................... 24
4.5 Safety engineering during design and construction........................................................................ 30
4.6 Safety during operation ............................................................................................................................. 33
5 Jetties and marine facilities ...................................................................................................................... 34
5.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 34
5.2 Siting ................................................................................................................................................................. 34
5.3 Engineering design ...................................................................................................................................... 34
5.4 Safety ................................................................................................................................................................ 35
6 Storage and retention systems ................................................................................................................ 35
6.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 35
6.2 Types of tank.................................................................................................................................................. 35
6.3 Types of containment ................................................................................................................................. 36
6.4 Design principles.......................................................................................................................................... 37
6.5 General design rules ................................................................................................................................... 39
6.6 Foundations ................................................................................................................................................... 40
6.7 Operating instruments ............................................................................................................................... 40
6.8 Pressure and vacuum protection ........................................................................................................... 42
6.9 Bund walls and impounding area for single and double containment ..................................... 43
6.10 Safety equipment.......................................................................................................................................... 45
6.11 Tank piping .................................................................................................................................................... 46
6.12 Distance between tanks ............................................................................................................................. 46
6.13 Commissioning and decommissioning ................................................................................................. 47
6.14 Testing.............................................................................................................................................................. 47
7 LNG pumps ...................................................................................................................................................... 47
7.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 47
7.2 Materials.......................................................................................................................................................... 48
7.3 Specific requirements................................................................................................................................. 48
7.4 Inspection and testing ................................................................................................................................ 48
8 Vaporization of LNG .................................................................................................................................... 48
8.1 General requirements ................................................................................................................................ 48
8.2 Design conditions ......................................................................................................................................... 50
8.3 Vaporiser requirements ............................................................................................................................ 50
9 Pipe-work........................................................................................................................................................ 50
9.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 50
9.2 Piping systems............................................................................................................................................... 50

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EN 1473:2016 (E)

9.3 Rules for design ............................................................................................................................................. 52

9.4 Pressure tests................................................................................................................................................. 53
9.5 Piping components....................................................................................................................................... 53
9.6 Valves ................................................................................................................................................................ 56
9.7 Relief valves .................................................................................................................................................... 56
9.8 Thermal insulation....................................................................................................................................... 57
9.9 Pipe rack/pipe way ...................................................................................................................................... 61
9.10 Corrosion ......................................................................................................................................................... 61
10 Reception/send out of natural gas ......................................................................................................... 61
10.1 Metering ........................................................................................................................................................... 61
10.2 Gas quality ....................................................................................................................................................... 62
10.3 Odourizing....................................................................................................................................................... 62
11 Boil off recovery and treatment plants ................................................................................................. 62
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11.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 62

11.2 Boil off collection system ........................................................................................................................... 63
11.3 System of gas return to tanker(s) or to export terminal ................................................................ 63
11.4 Boil off gas recovery .................................................................................................................................... 64
11.5 Gas compressor ............................................................................................................................................. 64
11.6 Flare/vent........................................................................................................................................................ 64
12 Auxiliary circuits and buildings .............................................................................................................. 66
12.1 Electrical equipment ................................................................................................................................... 66
12.2 Lightning and earthing ............................................................................................................................... 67
12.3 Cathodic protection ..................................................................................................................................... 68
12.4 Warning lights................................................................................................................................................ 68
12.5 Sea water supply ........................................................................................................................................... 68
12.6 Gas contaminant removal plant .............................................................................................................. 68
12.7 Instrument air................................................................................................................................................ 68
12.8 Fuel (utility) gas ............................................................................................................................................ 69
12.9 Nitrogen system ............................................................................................................................................ 69
12.10 Buildings .......................................................................................................................................................... 70
13 Hazard management ................................................................................................................................... 70
13.1 Inherent safety............................................................................................................................................... 70
13.2 Passive protection ........................................................................................................................................ 72
13.3 Security............................................................................................................................................................. 73
13.4 Incident detection and signalling ........................................................................................................... 74
13.5 Emergency Shutdown System .................................................................................................................. 75
13.6 Active protection........................................................................................................................................... 76
13.7 Other requirements ..................................................................................................................................... 80
14 Control and monitoring systems ............................................................................................................. 81
14.1 General description ..................................................................................................................................... 81
14.2 Process control system ............................................................................................................................... 81
14.3 Safety control system .................................................................................................................................. 82
14.4 Access control system ................................................................................................................................. 84
14.5 Anti-intrusion system ................................................................................................................................. 84
14.6 CCTV................................................................................................................................................................... 84
14.7 Jetty and marine monitoring and control ............................................................................................ 84
14.8 Communications ........................................................................................................................................... 85
14.9 Environmental monitoring and control ............................................................................................... 85
15 Construction, commissioning and turnaround .................................................................................. 85
15.1 Quality assurance and quality control .................................................................................................. 85

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15.2 Acceptance tests ........................................................................................................................................... 85

15.3 Preparation at start-up and shutdown................................................................................................. 85
16 Preservation and corrosion protection ............................................................................................... 86
16.1 Painting ............................................................................................................................................................ 86
16.2 Cathodic protection ..................................................................................................................................... 87
17 Training for operations ............................................................................................................................. 87
18 Pre-operational marine training ............................................................................................................ 87
Annex A (normative) Thermal radiation threshold values........................................................................ 88
A.1 Heat radiation from LNG fires.................................................................................................................. 88
A.2 Heat radiation from flare or ignited vent stack ................................................................................ 89
Annex B (normative) Definitions of reference flow rates........................................................................... 91
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B.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 91

B.2 VT (heat input) ............................................................................................................................................... 91
B.3 VL (fluid input) ............................................................................................................................................... 91
B.4 VO (over filling) .............................................................................................................................................. 91
B.5 VF (flash at filling)......................................................................................................................................... 91
B.6 VR (LNG recirculation by a submersible pump)................................................................................. 92
B.7 VA (variation in atmospheric pressure) ............................................................................................... 92
B.8 VV (control valve failure) ........................................................................................................................... 93
B.9 VI (heat input in the course of a fire) ..................................................................................................... 93
B.10 VD (fluid suction) .......................................................................................................................................... 93
B.11 VC (compressors suction) .......................................................................................................................... 93
B.12 VB (roll-over) .................................................................................................................................................. 94
Annex C (informative) Seismic classification .................................................................................................. 95
C.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................... 95
C.2 Some basic principles ................................................................................................................................. 95
C.3 Example of safety approach after SSE ................................................................................................... 95
C.4 Example of classification for SSE ............................................................................................................ 96
Annex D (normative) Specific requirements for LNG pumps .................................................................... 97
D.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................... 97
D.2 Design ............................................................................................................................................................... 97
D.3 Inspection ....................................................................................................................................................... 97
D.4 Testing.............................................................................................................................................................. 98
D.5 Declared values........................................................................................................................................... 100
D.6 Marking .......................................................................................................................................................... 100
D.7 Particular requirements for submerged pumps and related cables ....................................... 101
D.8 Vertical external motor pumps ............................................................................................................. 102

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EN 1473:2016 (E)

Annex E (normative) Specific requirements for LNG vaporizers .......................................................... 103

E.1 Operating parameters/declared performance ............................................................................... 103
E.2 Water stream vaporizers: Open rack type (ORV) .......................................................................... 103
E.3 Water stream vaporizers : Closed type (STV).................................................................................. 105
E.4 Intermediate fluid vaporizers (IFV).................................................................................................... 106
E.5 Submerged combustion type vaporizers (SCV) .............................................................................. 106
E.6 Ambient air vaporizers (AAV) ............................................................................................................... 108
Annex F (normative) Criteria for the design of pipes ................................................................................ 109
Annex G (informative) Description of the different types of onshore LNG installations .............. 111
G.1 LNG liquefaction plant ............................................................................................................................. 111
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G.2 LNG receiving terminals .......................................................................................................................... 111

G.3 LNG peak shaving plants ......................................................................................................................... 112
G.4 LNG satellite plants ................................................................................................................................... 112
G.5 LNG bunkering stations ........................................................................................................................... 112
Annex H (informative) Definition of different types of LNG tanks........................................................ 113
H.1 General .......................................................................................................................................................... 113
H.2 Spherical storage tank ............................................................................................................................. 113
H.3 Cryogenic concrete tank.......................................................................................................................... 113
Annex I (informative) Frequency ranges ....................................................................................................... 116
Annex J (informative) Classes of consequence ............................................................................................. 117
Annex K (informative) Levels of risk ............................................................................................................... 118
K.1 General .......................................................................................................................................................... 118
K.2 Acceptability criteria ................................................................................................................................ 118
Annex L (informative) Typical process steps of liquefaction ................................................................. 120
L.1 Introduction................................................................................................................................................. 120
L.2 Treatment of natural gas/extraction of acid gases ....................................................................... 120
L.3 Natural gas treatment/dehydration ................................................................................................... 122
L.4 Treatment of natural gas/removal of mercury .............................................................................. 123
L.5 Natural gas liquefaction unit ................................................................................................................. 124
Annex M (informative) Odourant systems .................................................................................................... 129
M.1 Odourants in general................................................................................................................................ 129
M.2 Odourant systems requirements ......................................................................................................... 129
M.3 Odourant handling .................................................................................................................................... 130
M.4 Odourant injection .................................................................................................................................... 130
M.5 Odourant leakage ...................................................................................................................................... 131
M.6 Safety of personnel.................................................................................................................................... 131

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EN 1473:2016 (E)

Bibliography ............................................................................................................................................................... 132

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 I.S. EN 1473:2016
EN 1473:2016 (E)

European foreword

This document (EN 1473:2016) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 282 “Installation
and equipment for LNG”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.

This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2016, and conflicting national standards
shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 2016.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights.
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This document supersedes EN 1473:2007.

In comparison with EN 1473:2007, the following changes have been made:

— the scope definition has been modified to cover interfaces and limits with floating solutions, plants
refurbishing, renovation and expansion, and to better complement EN 14620;

— some requirements were revisited, such as tank containment types, new air vaporizer and sections
that were subject to questions from the 2007 version;

— terms and definitions were adjusted to cope with new market development;

— the normative references were updated.

According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.

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 I.S. EN 1473:2016
EN 1473:2016 (E)

Introduction

The objective of this European Standard is to give functional guidelines for on-shore LNG installations.
It recommends procedures and practices that will result in safe and environmentally acceptable design,
construction and operation of LNG plants.
It need not be applied retrospectively, but application is recommended when major modifications of
existing installations are being considered.
This standard is also recommended for debottlenecking, revamping and plant life extension in the limits
that will be defined by the local Authorities. The appliance of the European Directives to the existing
facilities is part of the limits to be defined together with the local Authorities.
In case of plant expansion, this European Standard is applicable for the new facilities. The application of
these recommendations for the tie-ins and connections to the existing facilities will be defined by the
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local Authorities. The limits of such application should consider the practicality of such appliance. In the
same way the limits of the European Directives appliance will be accurately defined with the local
Authorities.

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 I.S. EN 1473:2016
EN 1473:2016 (E)

1 Scope
This European Standard gives guidelines for the design, construction and operation of all onshore
liquefied natural gas (LNG) installations for the liquefaction, storage, vaporization, transfer and
handling of LNG.
This European Standard is valid for plants with LNG storage at pressure lower than 0,5 barg and
capacity above 200 t and for the following plant types:
— LNG liquefaction installations (plant), between the designated gas inlet boundary limit, and the
outlet boundary limit which is usually the ship manifold and/or truck delivery station when
applicable; feed gas can be from gas field, associated gas from oil field, piped gas from
transportation grid or from renewables;

— LNG regasification installations (plant), between the ship manifold and the designated gas outlet
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boundary limit;

— peak-shaving plants, between designated gas inlet and outlet boundary limits;

— the fixed part of LNG bunkering station.

A short description of each of these installations is given in Annex G.

Floating solutions (FPSO, FSRU, SRV), whether off-shore or nearby shore, are not covered by this
European Standard even if some concepts, principles or recommendations could be applied. However,
in case of berthed FSRU with LNG transfer across the jetty, the following recommendations apply for the
jetty and topside facilities if the jetty is located within 3 000 m from the shore line.
In case of FSU type solution, the on-shore part is covered by these standard recommendations.
This standard is not applicable for installations specifically referred or covered by other standards, e.g.
LNG fuelling stations, LNG road or rail tankers and LNG bunkering vessels.
The plants with a storage inventory from 50 t up to 200 t with tanks at a pressure higher than 0,5 barg
are covered by EN 13645.

2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 809, Pumps and pump units for liquids — Common safety requirements

EN 1092-1, Flanges and their joints — Circular flanges for pipes, valves, fittings and accessories, PN-
designated — Part 1: Steel flanges

EN 1127-1, Explosive atmospheres — Explosion prevention and protection — Part 1: Basic concepts and
methodology

EN 1474 (all parts) Installation and equipment for liquefied natural gas — Design and testing of
loading/unloading arms

EN 1514-1, Flanges and their joints — Dimensions of gaskets for PN-designated flanges — Part 1: Non-
metallic flat gaskets with or without inserts

EN 1591 (all parts), Flanges and their joints — Design rules for gasketed circular flange connections

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