CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL AS & A LEVEL PHYSICS: WORKBOOK

Exam-style questions and sample answers have been written by the authors. In examinations, the way marks are awarded
may be different.

Workbook answers
Chapter 7
Exercise 7.1  Density and b 186 N
c
pressure upthrust

1 a volume = 34 pr3 = 34 π × (58.2 × 106)3

 
= 8.26 × 1023 m3
M
density = = 690 kg m−3
V
b M = rV = 5510 × 34 π × (6.37 × 106)3
  
= 6.0 × 1024 kg
c The Earth is composed of denser
materials than hydrogen and helium.
2 a p = pressure (pascal, Pa) weight tension in string

ρ = density (kilogram per cubic metre, d p = rgh = 1000 × 9.81 × 0.30 = 2940 Pa
kg m−3)
e F = pA = 2940 × 0.202 = 118 N downwards
g = acceleration due to gravity (metre per
second squared, m s−2) f p = rgh = 1000 × 9.81 × 0.80 = 7850 Pa
h = depth in fluid (metre, m) F = pA = 7848 × 0.202 = 314 N upwards
b 1 Pa = 1 kg m−3 × 1 m s−2 × 1 m = g upthrust = 314 − 118 = 196 N
1 kg m−1 s−2
h tension = (upthrust − weight) =
c volume = 70 m3 (196 − 186) = 10 N
mass = 59 500 kg i Following the same procedure for Block B:
weight = 584 kN upper surface: p = rgh
d 14.0 m 2 = 1000 × 9.81 × 0.50 = 4905 Pa

e 41.7 kPa F = pA = 4905 × 0.20 × 0.50

= 491 N downwards
f 41.7 kPa
lower surface: p = rgh
g 143 kPa = 1000 × 9.81 × 0.70 = 6867 Pa
h decrease F = pA = 6867 × 0.20 × 0.50
= 687 N upwards
i 49 kPa
upthrust = 687 − 491 = 196 N
3 a The density of the wood is less than that
of the water, so the blocks will tend to
float upwards as the upthrust is greater
than the weight.

1 Cambridge International AS & A Level Physics – Sang & Jones © Cambridge University Press 2020
 CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL AS & A LEVEL PHYSICS: WORKBOOK

Exercise 7.2  Stretching things 200

d stress = = 1.77 × 108 Pa
1.13 × 10 −6 m 2
= 177 MPa
1 a stress
e Young modulus = = 201 GPa
strain
f
Hooke's law up A
Load

to here

Load, F
gradient = k

0
0 Extension, x

Extension
E = gradient of load-extension graph ×
length of wire
b i extension = 5.0 cm = 0.050 m cross-sectional area

load = 150 × 0.050 = 7.5 N

Exam-style questions
ii
We do not know if the spring obeys
Hooke’s law for this load. 1 a pressure: the force acting normally per
unit area of a surface
2 a work done = 1
Fx = 0.5 × 20.0 × 0.057
2
b F = ρ A = 101× 103 × 0.60 × 1.25 = 76 kN
= 0.57 J
c p = ρ gh = 1000 × 9.81× 1.24 = 12.2 kPa
b We do not know if the spring obeys 2 a
Hooke’s law for this load.
2.6 40
3 a strain = = 0.13
20
b load = 6 × 5.0 × 9.81 = 294 N 30
Load / N

294
stress = = 7350 Pa = 7.35 kPa 20
0.202
4 a steel (greatest value of E) 10
b tin (smallest value of E)
c 0.60 mm 0
0 1 2 3 4
200 Extension / cm
d stress = = 200 × 106
1× 10 −6
b gradient of graph = 11.8 N cm−1
200 × 106 = 1180 N m−1 (approximately)
strain = = 4 × 10−3
50 × 10 9
c extension = 2.1 cm
extension = 4 mm energy stored = ½Fx = 0.5 × 25 × 0.021
4 = 0.26 J
5 a strain = = 8.8 × 10−4
4539 3 a extension = 5.6 mm
b micrometer screw gauge (or travelling 5.6
microscope, etc.) strain = = 2.8 × 10 −3
2000
c cross-sectional area = pr2
= π × (0.6 × 10−3)2 = 1.13 × 10−6 m2

2 Cambridge International AS & A Level Physics – Sang & Jones © Cambridge University Press 2020
 CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL AS & A LEVEL PHYSICS: WORKBOOK

50 b E = FL
; extension x
b stress = × = 20 × 107 XA
2.5 × 10 −7
= 13.9 × 1.85
2.00
× 1011 × 2.04 × 10−7
20 × 107
Young modulus = = 710 GPa = 6.30 × 10−4 m
2.8 × 10 −3
c Cross-sectional area A of the second wire
c increase in extension = 5.6 − 2.8 = 2.8 mm
is half that of the first wire; stress is twice
average force = 37.5 N as large and so strain is twice as large
provided limit of proportionality is not
work done = 2.8 × 10−3 × 37.5 = 0.105 J exceeded. Extension = strain × original
4 a stress: force per unit area; strain: the length, so the extension of the second wire
extension divided by the original length is four times larger.

3 Cambridge International AS & A Level Physics – Sang & Jones © Cambridge University Press 2020